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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Life insurance – Finance"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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1

Presnyakova, Darya V., Vladimir N. Galitskikh e Andrey A. Presnyakov. "PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT USING INSURANCE AND INVESTMENT". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2/5, n. 143 (2024): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.02.05.013.

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The current life situation forces a person, family, entrepreneur to pay attention to their own income and expenses, so the task arises to effectively manage personal finances. This category is quite important and occupies a special place in the life of a person and his family, since determining the optimal ways to manage personal finances allows you to increase well-being. The tasks of the subjects of personal finance management are considered to reduce current cash expenditures, increase income through economic activities and conduct typical financial calculations to determine the budget. The goal of ensuring the balance of personal finances can be achieved through life insurance, property, liability business, etc.

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2

Finley, Jane H., Kenneth Black e Harold D. Skipper. "Life Insurance". Journal of Risk and Insurance 61, n. 3 (settembre 1994): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253585.

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3

Hashmi, Sajjad A., e Edward E. Graves. "McGill's Life Insurance". Journal of Risk and Insurance 62, n. 4 (dicembre 1995): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253598.

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4

VINCE, DENNIS J. "Life Insurance for Disabled Children". Pediatrics 78, n. 2 (1 agosto 1986): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.2.377.

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To the Editor.— Most parents consider the achievement of financial and psychologic independence as a desirable goal for their children. In our increasingly complex society, these goals are becoming difficult to achieve. To finance self-employment opportunities or to purchase a home, disabled adults usually require life insurance. Because of this, many parents of disabled children apply for life insurance for their child so that these options will be available to them as adults. The life insurance company usually will then request that the child's physician comment on the medical condition and prognosis.

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5

Cole, Brad F., e Christine M. Kailus. "Private Placement Life Insurance". Journal of Wealth Management 5, n. 3 (31 ottobre 2002): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2002.320452.

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6

Jakupi, Shefket Zeqir, e Besart Hajrizi. "Personal Finances’ Planning and Management as means for a Successful Family Life". International Journal of Management Excellence 10, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2017): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v10i1.951.

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Abstract Studying personal finances helps avoiding financial difficulties and the use of financial opportunities to provide a chance for a successful family life. Personal finance is based on studying the financial resources of the family, which are considered important in the pursuit of financial success, that is, how people spend, save, protect and invest their money in everyday life. Personal finance is linked to these key concepts: financial responsibility, financial success and financial satisfaction, addressed in four key issues namely: Saving, Borrowing, Insurance and Investing. The relevance of this article is even on identifying the main advantages derived by personal digital finances, where the applicability of the cryptocurrency is increasing day by day.

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7

Berkovitch, Elazar, e Itzhak Venezia. "Term Vs. Whole Life Insurance—A Note". Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 7, n. 2 (aprile 1992): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9200700211.

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This paper attempts to explain why individuals may purchase whole life insurance even when term (short period) insurance seems to be less expensive. Under a whole life insurance contract (referred to also as straight life insurance) the insured pays the same rates over his or her lifetime although his or her future health may change. Individuals whose health has deteriorated (relative to their age) over time are more likely to hold on to their contracts than individuals whose health has improved (relative to their age) and who may find it profitable to break their contract and purchase a new one. The insurer, recognizing this adverse selection problem, must set its price for the initial period (and thus for the entire life of the insured) so that it compensates for the above-mentioned adverse selection. The insurer will hence set the price (rate) of whole life insurance higher than the rate of term insurance, since the latter form of insurance is not susceptible to future adverse selection. Assuming the competition between insurers drives their profits to zero (i.e., assuming they provide fair premiums), it is shown that the equilibrium price of whole life insurance is higher than for term insurance. The insured, however, will purchase only whole life insurance, since the additional insurance which the whole life contract provides on the stochastic future insurance rates is priced fairly, and a rational risk-averse insured will always prefer purchasing such insurance.

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8

Dhaene, Jan. "Distributions in Life Insurance". ASTIN Bulletin 20, n. 1 (aprile 1990): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.20.1.2005484.

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AbstractIn most textbooks and papers that deal with the stochastic theory of life contingencies, the stochastic approach is restricted to the computation of expectations and higher order moments. For a wide class of insurances on a single life, we derive the distribution and the probability density function of the benefit and the loss functions. Both the continuous and the discrete case are considered.

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9

Warshawsky, Mark. "Life Insurance Savings and the After-Tax Life Insurance Rate of Return". Journal of Risk and Insurance 52, n. 4 (dicembre 1985): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/252307.

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10

LØCHTE JØRGENSEN, PETER. "Life Insurance Contracts with Embedded Options". Journal of Risk Finance 3, n. 1 (aprile 2001): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb043480.

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11

Manzke, Sandra L. "Private Placement Variable Life Insurance". Journal of Wealth Management 2, n. 1 (30 aprile 1999): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.1999.320349.

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12

Cox, Larry A., Sandra G. Gustavson e Antonie Stam. "Disability and Life Insurance in the Individual Insurance Portfolio". Journal of Risk and Insurance 58, n. 1 (marzo 1991): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3520053.

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13

Oliynyk, Viktor, Fedir Zhuravka, Tetiana Bolgar e Olha Yevtushenko. "Optimal control of continuous life insurance model". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, n. 4 (8 dicembre 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(4).2017.03.

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The problems of mixed life insurance and insurance in the case of death are considered in the article. The actuarial present value of life insurance is found by solving a system of differential equations. The cases of both constant effective interest rates and variables, depending on the time interval, are examined. The authors used the Pontryagin maximum principle method as the most efficient one, in order to solve the problem of optimal control of the mixed life insurance value. The variable effective interest rate is considered as the control parameter. Some numerical results were given.

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14

Lord, Blair, J. D. Cummins, B. D. Smith, R. N. Vance e J. L. VanDerhei. "Risk Classification in Life Insurance". Journal of Risk and Insurance 55, n. 3 (settembre 1988): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253271.

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15

Forbes, Stephen W. "Life Insurance Financial Management Issues". Journal of Risk and Insurance 54, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253371.

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16

Finley, Jane H., Mark S. Dorfman e Saul W. Adelman. "Life Insurance: Financial Planning Approach". Journal of Risk and Insurance 60, n. 4 (dicembre 1993): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253395.

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17

Siddik, Md Nur Alam, Md Emran Hosen, Md Firoze Miah, Sajal Kabiraj, Shanmugan Joghee e Swamynathan Ramakrishnan. "Impacts of Insurers’ Financial Insolvency on Non-Life Insurance Companies’ Profitability: Evidence from Bangladesh". International Journal of Financial Studies 10, n. 3 (15 settembre 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10030080.

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A stable and healthy insurance industry plays a vital role in sustaining an economy resistant to economic shocks by providing an efficient risk-transition mechanism. There is a relative scarcity of research inspecting the impact of insurers’ financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance firms. Employing 2011–2019 panel data of 16 non-life insurance companies operating in Bangladesh, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of insurers’ financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance companies measured by return ratios, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Fixed-effect regression outcome implies that insurers’ financial insolvency has a significant adverse influence on non-life insurance companies’ profitability. Further findings indicate that financial leverage, technical provision, age, and inflation have a noteworthy adverse influence on profitability. The outcomes of this research are of greater significance for policymakers in tackling insolvency and formulating policies to boost the growth of insurance profitability. In addition, this study aims to serve as a benchmark for other countries’ insurance industries to emulate recovery strategies from financial insolvency.

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18

Dalko, Viktoria. "Unsafe insurance". Journal of Financial Crime 24, n. 4 (2 ottobre 2017): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2016-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study life-loss risk in some life insurance policies and propose solution to the problem found. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the expected payout for murder-for-insurance. It presents legal evidence of 179 court cases and conducts criminological analysis. It compares the lack of safety regulation in life insurance with regulatory actions in selected food and automobile safety cases. Findings Some life insurance policies create incentives and, therefore, temptation for murder-for-insurance. The insured can face life-loss risk from not only the beneficiary but also the life insurance agent during the term of the policy. Practical implications This paper proposes that defective life insurance policies should be recalled. Social implications The proposal has a policy implication of eliminating one type of homicide. Originality/value This paper is the first study of its kind, as it places the safety of the insurance consumer in the center.

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19

Sibindi, Athenia Bongani. "Life insurance, financial development and economic growth in South Africa". Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, n. 3 (2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3art1.

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The life insurance sector may contribute to economic growth by its very mechanism of savings mobilisation and thereby performing an intermediation role in the economy. This ensures that capital is provided to deficient units who are in need of capital to finance their working capital requirements and invest in technology thereby resulting in an increase in output. In this way, it could be argued that life insurance development spurs financial development. In this article we investigate the causal relationship between the life insurance sector, financial development and economic growth in South Africa for the period 1990 to 2012. We make use of life insurance density as the proxy for life insurance development, real per capita growth domestic product as the proxy for economic growth and real broad money per capita as the proxy for financial development. We test for cointegration amongst the variables by applying the Johansen procedure and then proceed to test for Granger causality based on the vector error correction model (VECM). Our results confirm the existence of at least one cointegrating relationship amongst the variables. The results indicate that the direction of causality runs from the economy to the life insurance sector which is consistent with the “demand-following” insurance-growth hypothesis. There is also evidence of causality running from the economy to financial development which is consistent with the “demand following” finance-growth hypothesis. The results also reveal that life insurance complements economic growth in bringing about financial development further lending credence to the “complementarity” hypothesis.

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20

Schuster, Caroline E. "Weedy Finance: Weather Insurance and Parametric Life on Unstable Grounds". Cultural Anthropology 36, n. 4 (18 novembre 2021): 589–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca36.4.07.

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Based in the agrarian worlds of commercial sesame farming in northern Paraguay, where insurance companies are now selling weather derivatives to poor farmers, this article tracks financial practices that depend less on the healthy crops and more on the weeds that thrive among the profitable plants. Parametric insurance operates like a derivative and is triggered by certain weather conditions, which raises questions about the limits of survivability for human-crop relations. I sketch out a series of concerns about weeds as an entry point and helpful heuristic for multiple overlapping kinds of speculation in a multispecies, capitalist, and troubled landscape. By gridding the world to a limited set of expedient parameters, what generative social and human grounds do we lose in the process? A speculative anthropological imaginary might posit “weedy finance” as a critical standpoint and set of political claims for casting climate-based finance as one of the lively systems that can and should be intentionally and selectively weeded out.

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21

Klotzki, Udo, Alexander Bohnert, Nadine Gatzert e Ulrike Vogelgesang. "Economies of scale in European life insurance". Journal of Risk Finance 19, n. 2 (19 marzo 2018): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-03-2017-0055.

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Purpose Due to the continuing low interest rate environment as well as the increase in acquisition costs, price transparency, cost transparency and competition with banks, the cost of life insurance becomes increasingly important for customers, insurers and shareholders. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to study the development of insurers’ economies of scale in regard to administrative costs for four of the largest European life insurance markets. Design/methodology/approach The analysis on economies of scale is based on a comprehensive set of 477 life insurers in Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, yearly data between 2000 and 2014, and regression calculations that are based on 4,855 observations. Findings The results show that economies of scale exist for all considered markets and for most of the considered years. However, the extent of economies of scale varies considerably across countries. Originality/value Overall, the existing academic literature on costs and corresponding economies of scale in life insurance primarily deals with analyses of total costs instead of administrative costs, a single year or a single market. This paper contributes to the existing literature by conducting an analysis of recent market dynamics and economies of scale in regard to administrative costs for the period from 2000 and 2014 for four of the largest European life insurance markets for which the respective data were available (Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) and 477 life insurers in total. This is done by means of a log-log transformation of premiums and costs and a fixed effects model based on these transformed figures for 4,855 observations. In addition, for each market, the authors analyze the development of administrative costs for a total of 477 insurers.

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22

Tretiak, Diana. "Analysis of Ukrainian life insurance market and its tendencies". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, n. 3 (27 novembre 2017): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(3-2).2017.04.

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Life insurance is the most important type of personal insurance. The paper analyzes main indicators characterizing the current state of life insurance in Ukraine and its impact on domestic insurance market in general. Trends in insurance premiums and insurance payouts are identified, and concentration of this insurance market segment is examined. Life insurance in the context of its main forms is analyzed. Solutions to the existing problems are determined and recommendations are provided to improve life insurance market in Ukraine.

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23

Liu, Yun, Yifei Zhang, Xin Chen e Yuxin Yang. "Superstition and farmers’ life insurance spending". Economics Letters 206 (settembre 2021): 109975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109975.

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24

Auerbach, Alan J., e Laurence J. Kotlikoff. "The adequacy of life insurance purchases". Journal of Financial Intermediation 1, n. 3 (giugno 1991): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1042-9573(91)90008-n.

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25

Lan, Tran Thi. "Risk Awareness for Vietnamese’s Life Insurance on Financial Protection: The Case Study of Daklak Province, Vietnam". International Journal of Financial Studies 10, n. 4 (22 settembre 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10040084.

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This paper aims to identify risk awareness through factors that influence the intention to buy people’s life insurance in Daklak province of Vietnam and provide implications for life insurance companies. The data resources were conducted from the survey of 250 people in Daklak Province and applied the ordinal logit model for the analysis. Remarkably, as we conducted the study during the COVID-19 pandemic period, a dummy variable of COVID-19 was included in the analysis. The results of this research have some similarities and differences with other studies. As with the references, saving motivation was the most crucial factor affecting the dependent variable. Saving motivation, financial literacy, brand name, and risk awareness have a positive impact. While age and gender were differences that have a negative effect on the intention to buy life insurance, which means that young people and women have more intention to purchase life insurance than younger men. The four factors consisting of financial literacy, brand name, risk awareness, and gender were considered the second most important factors. COVID-19 and attitude were the third critical effect on the intention to purchase life insurance. Income was the less important factor.

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Agnes, Maria, Raldi Hendro Koestoer e Ahyahudin Sodri. "Social and Environmental Risks Integration into Underwriting of Non-Life Insurance: A Review of Sustainable Finance in Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 21, n. 1 (25 dicembre 2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.1.125-131.

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Regulation of the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (POJK) Number 51/POJK.03/2017 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Finance for Financial Services Institutions, Issuers, and Public Companies was officially enacted for the insurance sector as of 1 January 2020 and requires the insurance sector, including the general insurance sector, to carry out the implementation of sustainable finance into its business activities. This study intends to review the extent of the implementation that has been carried out, particularly in relation to the social and environmental risk management principles. Using a literature review, data specifically related to the underwriting process were gathered and analyzed. Results of this study suggested that even though 86% of 44 respondents from the previous research had already confirmed if principles of social and environmental risk management had been implemented at that time, vast majority of the non-life insurers in Indonesia had not yet executed the said integration into the underwriting process. The sustainable finance implemented by Indonesia’s non-life insurance sector is still significantly focused on short-term financial performance rather than the long-term one.

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Choudhary, Manisha. "Behavioural Economics: Appropriate Framework for Studying the Life Insurance Market". International Journal of Banking, Risk and Insurance 12, n. 1 (2024): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21863/ijbri/2024.12.1.004.

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This article rests on establishing a unique standpoint that life insurance products (unlike other financial assets) are purchased for protection, not as an investment for return. This aims at identifying the most suitable theoretical framework to study the life insurance market and to suggest appropriate tools of analysis. Economic and financial theories starting from neo-classical economics, going up to behavioural economics (BE) have been studied vis-à-vis life insurance markets. A distinction has been drawn between BE and behavioural finance (BF). Accordingly, neo-classical economics, standard theory of finance and BF have been found to be inappropriate to understand life insurance as a market. The main theoretical edifice of BE, with a blend of transaction-cost approach and information theoretic approach, is argued to be the right theoretical framework to study the life insurance market, given the idiosyncrasies involved. A novel attempt has been made to create a ‘construct’ to depict how the BE framework is most relevant. It is hypothesised that bounded rationality is adversely influenced by emotions, search costs, intermediaries and socio-psychological influences, to embed behavioural biases and heuristics into life insurance purchase decisions. Combinedly, this leads to demand and supply distortions that create an incomplete market. To test this framework, it has been suggested that Heuristic z-test; Murthy’s Index of Rank Dominance (MIrd & MRird); and logistic regression, be harnessed. These tools would help in measuring market inefficiency and underperformance. Policymakers, the regulator, insurers and buyers alike would benefit from a better understanding of the market.

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Shunmugasundaram, V., e Aashna Sinha. "Behavioral Biases Influencing Investment Decisions of Life Insurance Investors". International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 12, n. 6 (23 novembre 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13693.

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The purpose of this paper is to validate the scale of behavioral biases and investment decisions concerning investors of life insurance and to evaluate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions made by them. The study is based on a questionnaire survey by including the investors of life insurance residing in Bihar (India) using a convenient sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS. The study found that the scale used to measure behavioral biases and investment decisions of investors of life insurance were valid and behavioral biases have a positive and significant impact on investment decisions of life insurance investors. The study found that the investors are behaviorally biased while making investment decisions related to life insurance and only four biases are included in the study. The study contributes to the academia of behavioral aspects of life insurance investors. The study helps in understanding the mindset of investors investing in life insurance. This study contributes to the limited study undertaken in the area of behavioral aspects of life insurance investors. It also contributes to the lacking academe of life insurance.

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Ross, James B., e G. N. Bhaskar Rau. "Estimating Human Life Values to Assess Life Insurance Potential". Journal of Risk and Insurance 63, n. 4 (dicembre 1996): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253484.

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Siu, Tak Kuen, John W. Lau e Hailiang Yang. "On Valuing Participating Life Insurance Contracts with Conditional Heteroscedasticity". Asia-Pacific Financial Markets 14, n. 3 (settembre 2007): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10690-007-9062-9.

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Ward, David J., Muriel L. Crawford e William T. Beadles. "Law and the Life Insurance Contract". Journal of Risk and Insurance 58, n. 1 (marzo 1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3520060.

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Srbinoski, Bojan, Klime Poposki, Patricia H. Born e Valter Lazzari. "Life insurance demand and borrowing constraints". Risk Management and Insurance Review 24, n. 1 (22 febbraio 2021): 37–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12166.

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Ramlau-Hansen, Henrik. "Distribution of Surplus in Life Insurance". ASTIN Bulletin 21, n. 1 (aprile 1991): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.21.1.2005401.

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AbstractThis paper discusses distribution of surplus in life insurance within a general Markov chain framework. A conservative interest rate and a conservative set of transition intensities are used for reserving purposes whereas more realistic assumptions are used for the purpose of distributing surplus. The paper examines various actuarial aspects of distributing surplus through either cash bonuses, terminal bonuses or increased benefits. The results are illustrated by some examples.

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Dooren, Frans T. E., J. David Cummins e Joan Lamm-Tennant. "Financial Management of Life Insurance Companies". Journal of Risk and Insurance 62, n. 1 (marzo 1995): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253702.

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Babbel, David F., e Eisaku Ohtsuka. "Aspects of Optimal Multiperiod Life Insurance". Journal of Risk and Insurance 56, n. 3 (settembre 1989): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253168.

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Lemaire, Jean, e G. C. Taylor. "Claims Reserving in Non-Life Insurance". Journal of Risk and Insurance 55, n. 2 (giugno 1988): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253338.

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Biagini, Francesca, e Irene Schreiber. "Risk-Minimization for Life Insurance Liabilities". SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics 4, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/110856836.

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Hamilton, Paul V. "Securitization of Permanent Life Insurance Policies". Atlantic Economic Journal 38, n. 3 (7 maggio 2010): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-010-9229-z.

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Howell, Kerry E. "Reviewing European life insurance regulation: A marketing perspective". Journal of Financial Services Marketing 5, n. 3 (aprile 2001): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4770024.

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Braun, Alexander, Marius Fischer e Hato Schmeiser. "How to derive optimal guarantee levels in participating life insurance contracts". Journal of Risk Finance 20, n. 5 (18 novembre 2019): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2018-0099.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how an insurance company can maximize the policyholder’s utility by setting the level of the interest rate guarantee in line with his preferences. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a general model of life insurance, taking stochastic interest rates, early default and regular premium payments into account. Furthermore, the authors assume that equity holders must receive risk-adequate returns on their initial equity contribution and that the insurance company has to maintain a solvency restriction. Findings The findings show that the optimal level for the interest rate guarantee is in general far below the maximum value typically set by the supervisory authorities and insurance companies. Originality/value The authors conclude that the approach of deviating from the maximum interest rate guarantee level given by the regulatory requirements can create additional value for the rational policyholder. In contrast to Schmeiser and Wagner (2014), the second finding shows that the interest rate guarantee embedded in a life insurance product becomes less attractive compared to a pure investment in the underlying asset portfolio to the policyholder when the guarantee level is lowered too far or the contract duration is short. They also refute Schmeiser and Wagner (2014) by showing that the equity capital required by the insurance company increases with the level of the guarantee, even if the insurer is flexible with respect to its asset allocation. The last finding is that a policyholder with higher risk aversion does not generally prefer a higher guarantee level.

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Casey, Brian T., e Thomas D. Sherman. "Common Securities Law Questions in the Life Settlements and Life Insurance Premium Finance Industries". Journal of Structured Finance 14, n. 2 (31 luglio 2008): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2008.709960.

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Andreeski, Cvetko, Bratislav Milosevic e Vladimir Njegomir. "Analysis of the life insurance market in the Republic of Macedonia". Ekonomski anali 57, n. 194 (2012): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1294107a.

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Abstract (sommario):

Life insurance in the Republic of Macedonia has a short history, if we do not count the experience of ZOIL Makedonija before the independence of Republic of Macedonia. The recent history of life insurance covers the last seven years and the segment of life insurance comprises about 6% of the total insurance market in the Republic of Macedonia. In this paper we analyse the development of life insurance in the Republic of Macedonia in recent history, taking the gross premiums of two of the best companies that are working in the segment of life insurance. Besides analysing the influence of the basic determinants of the development of life insurance (GDP, monetary stability, social insurance, etc.) we analyse the model of time series, with the purpose of making a model and forecasting future values of the series.

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43

Møller, T. "On Valuation and Risk Management at the Interface of Insurance and Finance". British Actuarial Journal 8, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2002): 787–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700003913.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reviews methods for hedging and valuation of insurance claims with an inherent financial risk, with special emphasis on quadratic hedging approaches and indifference pricing principles and their applications in insurance. It thus addresses aspects of the interplay between finance and insurance, an area which has gained considerable attention during the past years, in practice as well as in theory. Products combining insurance risk and financial risk have gained considerable market shares. Special attention is paid to unit-linked life insurance contracts, and it is demonstrated how these contracts can be valued and hedged by using traditional methods as well as more recent methods from incomplete financial markets such as risk-minimisation, mean-variance hedging, super-replication and indifference pricing with mean-variance utility functions.

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44

Grabova, Perseta, e Gentiana Sharku. "Drivers of life insurance consumption - an empirical analysis of Western Balkan countries". Ekonomski anali 66, n. 231 (2021): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2131033g.

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Abstract (sommario):

Life insurance in the Western Balkan Countries is underdeveloped, but it has huge potential for development in the future. The scope of this article is to examine whether and how economic, socio- demographic, and institutional factors determine the demand for life insurance in the Western Balkans, using life insurance density and life insurance penetration as indicators of life insurance demand during 2006-2019. In order to conduct a crosscountry analysis we use panel data regression models and a feasible generalised least squares regression model. The analysis reveals that the most significant factors are income per capita and changes in the urban population. The article contributes to the existing literature by identifying the variables that affect demand for life insurance in the Western Balkans and by providing evidence for insurance operators, authorities, and governments of the respective countries to find ways to further develop the insurance market.

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45

Scott, Janine K., e John Gilliam. "Boomers’ life insurance adequacy pre & post the 2008 financial crisis". Financial Services Review 23, n. 4 (2 settembre 2023): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.61190/fsr.v23i4.3203.

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Abstract (sommario):

The baby boomers represent a large percentage of the U.S. population and their preparation for retirement, or lack thereof, can affect the economy at large. In light of the 2008 financial crisis, boomer households may be delaying retirement, choosing to work longer. Using the 2004 and 2010 Survey of Consumer Finance, logistic regression analyses are used to examine life insurance adequacy among boomers before and after the financial crisis of 2008. We find a significant difference in 2010 between the baby boomers and the senior generation in life insurance adequacy. Variables related to net worth, such as income, marital status, and self-insurability, were significant predictors of life insurance adequacy. Given greater life insurance adequacy among those with higher income, increasing group term insurance may help mid to low income households. Further implications to practitioners, agents, and educators are discussed.

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46

Ahmad, Jamaal, Kristian Buchardt e Christian Furrer. "COMPUTATION OF BONUS IN MULTI-STATE LIFE INSURANCE". ASTIN Bulletin 52, n. 1 (14 dicembre 2021): 291–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2021.32.

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AbstractWe consider computation of market values of bonus payments in multi-state with-profit life insurance. The bonus scheme consists of additional benefits bought according to a dividend strategy that depends on the past realization of financial risk, the current individual insurance risk, the number of additional benefits currently held, and so-called portfolio-wide means describing the shape of the insurance business. We formulate numerical procedures that efficiently combine simulation of financial risk with classic methods for the outstanding insurance risk. Special attention is given to the case where the number of additional benefits bought only depends on the financial risk. Methods and results are illustrated via a numerical example.

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47

Tseng, Lu-Ming. "Company–customer conflicts and ethical decision-making of life insurance agents: the role of ethics institutionalization". Managerial Finance 46, n. 9 (25 aprile 2020): 1145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2019-0546.

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Abstract (sommario):

PurposeFor the financial service industry, company–customer conflict is a topic that deserves special attention. This study explores the impacts of ethics institutionalization on the life insurance agents' ethical decision-making under the company–customer conflicts.Design/methodology/approachTwo types of company–customer conflicts are studied. In one situation, selling the life insurance product is profitable to the life insurance company, but the product is unsuitable for the customer. In another situation, selling the life insurance product is unprofitable to the life insurance company, while the product will fully satisfy the customer's interests. The study selects Taiwan's full-time life insurance agents as a sample.FindingsThe main results show that implicit ethics institutionalization has a stronger influence on teleological evaluations and deontological evaluations. This study then finds that different types of company–customer conflicts would change the influences of teleological evaluations on ethical intentions and cause different influences of implicit ethics institutionalization on teleological evaluations and deontological evaluations.Originality/valueEthics institutionalization and company–customer conflicts are important issues in the literature. This is the first study to discuss the roles that ethics institutionalization and company–customer conflicts play in the ethical decision-making of life insurance agents.

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48

Ćurak, Marijana, Sandra Pepur e Dujam Kovač. "Does financial literacy make the difference in non-life insurance demand among European countries?" Ekonomski pregled 71, n. 4 (2020): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.71.4.3.

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Abstract (sommario):

While risk aversion and affordability of insurance are considered as the most important determinants of non-life insurance demand, understanding and knowledge of complex non-life insurance products are less researched. Studies on insurance demand conducted at the cross-section level, which include education, usually use it as a proxy for risk aversion and to a limited extent as a measure of financial literacy. Moreover, the general level of education does not accurately reflect the level of understanding of sophisticated insurance instruments. Consequently, the main aim of this research is to analyse the impact of financial literacy on the demand for non-life insurance by applying a more precise measure of financial literacy. The empirical analysis is based on the dataset of 38 European countries in the period from 2010 to 2016 and is done using the panel data analysis technique. Research findings confirm that financial literacy makes the difference in non-life insurance demand among European countries, while controlling for other economic, social/cultural, market structure and institutional determinants of non-life insurance demand. The paper contributes to the literature on non-life insurance demand, especially the one on the relationship between financial literacy and the demand for non-life insurance.

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Zhao, Wenxia. "Effect of air pollution on household insurance purchases. Evidence from China household finance survey data". PLOS ONE 15, n. 11 (12 novembre 2020): e0242282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242282.

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In recent years, the health and economic effects of air pollution have attracted considerable attention, and health and insurance services have been closely related to residents’ welfare. However, there are few studies on the influence of pollution on household purchases of insurance. Using data from the 2013 and 2015 China Household Finance Surveys, this study investigates the effect of air pollution on insurance purchases using Logit and Poisson regression models. It is found that air pollution significantly increases the probability of household insurance purchases and the level of premium expenditure, although the impact of air pollution on insurance purchases shows a degree of heterogeneity. Health insurance is more sensitive to air pollution than life insurance and other types of insurance. In areas where NO2 and O3 are the main types of pollutants, air pollution has a greater impact on household insurance purchases.

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50

Steffensen, Mogens, e Julie Thøgersen. "PERSONAL NON-LIFE INSURANCE DECISIONS AND THE WELFARE LOSS FROM FLAT DEDUCTIBLES". ASTIN Bulletin 49, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.40.

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AbstractWe view the retail non-life insurance decision from the perspective of the insured. We formalize different consumption–insurance problems depending on the flexibility of the insurance contract. For exponential utility and power utility we find the optimal flexible insurance decision or insurance contract. For exponential utility we also find the optimal position in standard contracts that are less flexible and therefore, for certain nonlinear pricing rules, lead to a welfare loss for the individual insuree compared to the optimal flexible insurance decision. For the exponential loss distribution, we quantify a significant welfare loss. This calls for product development in the retail insurance business.

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