Tesi sul tema "Les Bordes"

Disciple de César Franck, Charles Bordes a tracé son parcours de musicien en marge du Conservatoire et des institutions officielles. De son intégration à la « bande à Franck » jusqu’à la fondation des Chanteurs de Saint-Gervais et de la Schola cantorum, il a tissé un vaste réseau relationnel formé de compositeurs, d’interprètes, d’écrivains et de mélomanes, qui l’ont, par la suite, décrit comme un fervent artisan du renouveau musical français. Cette image a, en contrepartie, partiellement occulté l’œuvre de compositeur de Bordes. Ses mélodies présentent pourtant un remarquable intérêt. L’histoire de leur publication permet de mettre en évidence la complexité des relations avec le monde de l’édition à la fin du XIXe siècle et la nature du travail de révision posthume effectué par son ami Pierre de Bréville. L’analyse du corpus témoigne de l’originalité de la production, aussi bien sur le plan des choix littéraires – Bordes fut l’un des pionniers de la mise en musique des poèmes de Paul Verlaine et de Francis Jammes – que d’une écriture musicale inspirée et aux frontières de l’académisme sur le plan harmonique. Auteur de plus de trente-cinq mélodies avec piano, Bordes s’essaya également à la composition de mélodies orchestrées ou « symphoniques », comme nombre de ses contemporains au tournant du siècle
Student of César Franck, Charles Bordes established himself as a musician outside the Conservatoire and the official institutions. From his integration with the “bande à Franck” to the founding of the Chanteurs de Saint-Gervais and the Schola cantorum, he formed a vast network of relationships among composers, interpreters, writers and music lovers, who would later describe him as a fervent architect of the French musical revival. This image overshadowed his contributions as a composer; his mélodies, however, still stimulate a remarkable interest. An examination of the history of their publication reveals the complexity of relationships within the musical publishing world at the end of the nineteenth-century and the nature of the posthumous reviewing work executed by his friend Pierre de Bréville. The analysis of the corpus shows the originality of the production, either about its literary aspects – Bordes was among the first artists to set the poetry of Paul Verlaine and Francis Jammes to music – or about his inspired musical language at the boundaries of academia from an harmonic point of view. Author of more than thirty-five songs for voice and piano, Bordes also tried his hand at the composition of orchestrated or “symphonic” songs like many of his contemporaries at the end of the century

Para nadie es desconocido que nuestra ciudad está sufriendo constantes e innumerables cambios. Objetivo de nuestra diciplina entonces debe ser el identificarlos y proponer de manera activa los nuevos escenarios en que la arquitectura se debería desarrollar. Las velocidades en la ciudad contemporánea son totalmente diferentes de que eran hace algunos años. Así mismo el habitante de esta nueva ciudad es completamente diferente que el de antaño. Tiene sin duda nuevos intereses y por supuesto nuevas características entre las que destacan: el individualismo, la comodidad, el hedonismo, el placer y el beneficio personal. De la misma manera las carreteras interurbanas son en cierta medida el reflejo de nuestra presente realidad de habitar en nuestras ciudades. Bajo este concepto, este nuevo habitante individualista, al que no le interesa el como, sino que simplemente ir rápidamente de un punto al otro sin importarle nada más, presenta un símil con las autopistas interurbanas, pues a éstas no les importa por donde pasen, ni el efecto que provoquen, simplemente irrumpen sin compasión sobre lo que hay. Esta fuerte irrupción genera importantes consecuencias, ante las cuales no podemos estar indiferentes.

Arquitecto
Estos últimos dos años de carrera, a través de las instancias ofrecidas por la universidad; el seminario de investigación, la práctica profesional, y el proyecto de titulación, encontré un espacio privilegiado para investigar, aprender y acercarme en forma más madura y profesional a problemáticas urbanas contingentes como: la expansión de los límites de la ciudad y la normativa de desarrollo condicionado que la ampara, la planificación urbana y su importancia en la conformación de barrios, y la concepción de la ciudad como un elemento más de la matriz geográfica que la contiene. Estas tres instancias académicas me han permitido reflexionar acerca del rol y la responsabilidad del arquitecto en la configuración de la ciudad, lo cual desde una visión optimista, transforma los problemas en oportunidades y la responsabildades en desafíos, pues si bien Santiago es considerada “una buena ciudad para vivir”1, bastaría tomar una micro en el centro por Santa Rosa hasta su terminal en la Pintana, para entender que en Santiago existen dos ciudades, y una gran deuda en cuanto a la consolidación de espacios públicos, áreas verdes y equipamiento, lo que sin duda determina el día a día de quienes la habitamos.

Las membranas son estructuras (sin rigidez a flexión) que conforman una superficie en el espacio, con espesor mínimo. Se aproximan a una superficie geométrica y trabajan sólo mediante esfuerzos de membrana (de tracción) y tangentes a la superficie.
La tesis se centra en el análisis matemático de las membranas portantes (abiertas y con bordes), con miras a extender sus aplicaciones en el campo de la ingeniería civil, concretamente a las pasarelas de peatones. Esto implica esfuerzos mayores, no sólo por los efectos de las cargas de uso de tales estructuras, sino porque requieren mayor pretensado para mantener la rigidez.
La tesis se centra en el análisis matemático de membranas a tracción en la fase de pretensado, en la que, como resultado de aplicar el pretensado a una forma potencial o virtual de la membrana, correspondiente a esfuerzos nulos, se llega ya a una forma real.
El problema de introducir y mantener el pretensado está relacionado con los bordes de la membrana, definidos por curvas en el espacio. Los mismos pueden tener curvatura o no tenerla (elementos rectos). Si los elementos de borde son rectos, para equilibrar el pretensado de la membrana, deben tener rigidez a flexión.
Entre los elementos de borde curvos, revisten notable importancia los cables a tracción, elementos sin rigidez a flexión cuya disposición permite distribuir los esfuerzos de tracción en toda la membrana.
Se aprecia, así, que ha de buscarse cierto equilibrio entre forma y pretensado tanto en el interior de la membrana como en su borde.
Matemáticamente, el planteamiento más general, y más complejo, corresponde al caso en que los elementos de borde son cables a tracción.
Lo dicho lleva a dos problemas de contorno.
El primero consiste en encontrar, una vez fijada la forma de membrana, los esfuerzos de pretensado que verifiquen el equilibrio (planteamiento directo) y el segundo en encontrar, una vez fijados los esfuerzos de tracción, la forma de la membrana que verifique el equilibrio (planteamiento dual).
Ambos problemas se complican sensiblemente en el caso en que el borde esté compuesto por cables a tracción.
El resultado principal del problema directo es que, en cualquier caso (esto es, independientemente de que el borde sea rígido o no), se obtiene un problema diferencial hiperbólico con condición de contorno de tipo Dirichlet.
Si a esto se le añade que, en el caso en que se consideren cables de borde éstos coinciden con las curvas características, el problema directo está en general mal definido.
El resultado principal del problema dual es que, en cualquier caso (esto es, independientemente de que el borde sea rígido o no) se obtiene un problema diferencial elíptico con condición de contorno de tipo Dirichlet, esto es un problema diferencial en general bien definido.
Siempre que no se consideren cables, el problema dual devuelve una única forma de membrana por cada distribución de esfuerzos de tracción (problema elíptico con condición de Dirichlet).
Al revés, el problema dual completo (con cables) tiene una formulación "no clásica" visto que, a largo del cable, su incógnita ha de verificar contemporáneamente dos condiciones: una de tipo Dirichlet y otra (no estándar) sobre las derivadas segundas de la forma de membrana.
En la tesis se describe un método numérico para el cálculo de la solución. Éste se basa en la definición de un "vector residual" que, al ser "minimizado", devuelve el valor nodal de la membrana a lo largo del cable.
Membranes are structures (without bending stiffness) identified with space surfaces with minimal thickness. They are approximated by geometrical surfaces and its stress tensor is defined by tension vectors in the tangent plane.
The PhD thesis is based on the mathematical analysis of membrane structures (opened and with boundaries) with the idea of applying them in Civil Engineering, more precisely to a new technology such as bridgefoots. It implies taking in account greater tensions, not only due to the loads that structures are subjected to, but because the same structures need more prestressed to preserve rigidity.
The report is based on mathematical analysis of tension membranes in the prestressed phase. In this phase, starting from a virtual shape for the membrane, with all tensions zeros, you obtain, due to the application of the prestressed, a real form.
The problem in introducing and preserving the prestressed is related to the boundaries of the membrane, defined by regular space curves. The boundaries can be curved or not (straight elements). If boundary elements are straight, to verify the equilibrium with the prestressed of membrane, they must have bending stiffness.
On the other hand, cables are very important curved boundary elements. They have no bending stiffness (work in tension, do not resist to compression) and its shape and placement is such that they can administer tensions all over the membrane.
In this way you can notice that is important looking for an equilibrium between shape and prestressed both in the interior of membrane and on its boundaries.
Mathematically the general approach, which is more difficult, concerns the case in which boundary elements are cables.
What has been said leads to two boundary problems.
The first one consists in finding, given the shape of the membrane, its prestressed stress tensor that verifies the equilibrium (direct approach). The second one concerns in finding, given the prestressed stress tensor of the membrane, its shape that verifies the equilibrium (dual approach).
If a boundary with tension cables is considered both problems make more difficult.
The principal result about the direct problem is that, in any case (that is, regardless of the kind of boundary used), a hyperbolic differential problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions is obtained.
Moreover if you consider that, in case that cables boundary elements are taken in account they are characteristic curves for the differential equation, the direct problem is generally ill posed.
The principal result about the dual problem is that, in any case (that is, regardless of the kind of boundary used), an elliptical differential problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions is obtained; it means considering a problem generally well posed.
To be more precise, if no cable is taken in account on membrane boundary, dual problem always returns an unique shape of membrane for each given tensions stress tensor (elliptical Dirichlet problem).
On the other hand the general dual problem (with cables) has a "no classical" formulation. In fact along the cable the unknown of the problem has contemporaneously to verify two conditions: one Dirichlet condition and other one (not standard) on the second derivatives of the membrane shape.
In the report a numerical method of resolution is presented. It consists on defining a "residual vector" that, once minimized, returns the nodal values of the membrane along the cables.

F. Bordes marque de son empreinte la construction de la préhistoire dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Une analyse thématique de son oeuvre en trois parties permet de mettre en lumière ses principaux aspects.Une première partie, intitulée « Une approche normative », est consacrée à la démarche de F. Bordes qui est caractérisée par un renouvellement méthodologique. Une seconde partie, au titre de « Les industries lithiques comme fil d’Ariane », est consacrée aux interprétations de F. Bordes concernant l’évolution des cultures préhistoriques et à ses recherches pour reconstituer la vie quotidienne matérielle au Paléolithique. Une troisième partie, « La construction d’une école de pensée », aborde la place particulière de F. Bordes au sein de la communauté des préhistoriens. Enfin, F. Bordes est également Francis Carsac, un auteur de science-fiction, dont l’étude des récits permet de donner un éclairage complémentaire sur ses préoccupations. En conclusion de cette thèse, un regard est porté ce qu’il reste de sa contribution scientifique
F. Bordes brand of its print the construction of Prehistory in second half of the 20 th century. An analysis set of themes of its work in three parts makes it possible to clarify its principal aspects. A first part, entitled “a normative approach” is devoted to the approach of F. Bordes which is characterized by a methodological renewal. A second part, entitled ”lithic industries like wire of Ariane”, is devoted to interpretations of F. Border concerning the evolution of the prehistoric cultures and with its research to reconstitute the material daily life during the Paleolithic. A third part, “the construction of a school of thought”, analyses the particular place of F. Border within the community of the prehistorians. F. Bordes is also Francis Carsac, a science fiction writer, whose stories study makes it possible to provide supplementary illumination on its concerns. In conclusion of this thesis, a look is carried what it remains of his scientific contribution

Al querer abordar la novela El desbarrancadero del escritor colombiano Fernando Vallejo desde un concepto que, en primer lugar, quiere reconocerse de la manera más simple y para todos identificable, a saber, el ‘marco’ (tal como se nos aparece en cuadros, pinturas, espejos, ventanas, puertas, etc.), toda mi intención la agoto en exhibir una estructura de la obra que bordea y hace borde, pero que, por el mismo motivo, y todo lo que deseo es llegar a demostrar precisamente eso, define la obra al indicarla, señalarla y separarla.

Le principal objectif de cette thèse est de comparer entre elles des méthodes issues de la géologie et de valider une étude pluridisciplinaire sur deux aquifères du piémont pyrénéen. Cette approche est constituée de mesures en géophysique, en géologie structurale, en télédétection, en hydrodynamique et en hydrochimie, avec un intérêt particulier pour la prospection sismique haute résolution. La nappe des sables sous-molassiques de Bordes présente une forte vulnérabilité dans cette zone ou l'activité agricole et industrielle est intense. La géométrie du réservoir étant méconnue, nous avons mené une campagne géophysique, regroupant une prospection sismique réfraction, réflexion et électrique. De plus, nous analysons une image radar. Les données acquises restant modestes, nous ne pouvons proposer de modèle cohérent qui décrive la géométrie de cet aquifère. Le massif du Jaout constitue un aquifère karstique important d'une superficie de 40 km2. L'analyse du réseau fissural à différentes échelles d'observation (télédétection et mesures de terrain), associée à une étude microtectonique permet de mettre en évidence la causalité entre tectonique et karstification sur le massif du Jaout. Le caractère étrange des sources de l'Oasis émergeant au milieu de la vallée a fait l'objet d'une prospection géophysique (sismique et électrique) qui permet de confirmer l'hypothèse d'un verrou glaciaire. Nous étudions par la suite la réponse de cet aquifère à des impulsions extérieures liées à son environnement. Les traçages artificiels menés nous permettent de décrire son comportement hydrodynamique, les analyses d'eau effectuées aux différentes sources nous renseignent sur son comportement hydro-chimique. Nous proposons finalement un schéma délimitant l'impluvium minimum de chaque unité de drainage. En conclusion, le point est fait sur la complémentarité des différentes méthodes utilisées et sur la nécessite d'une approche pluridisciplinaire en hydrogéologie.

[EN] SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS Learning is remembering. PLATO Urban heritage, as custodian of collective memory, reflects and gives identity to a certain society; it represents a unique and irreplaceable asset whose maintenance relies on its recognition by society. Urban heritage is built upon several factors, and any change in public spaces may result in places for people to meet, crossing points or places that may be abandoned. This research aims to find out whether the interaction between social and economic stakeholders, public administrations and legislations -which come together in the most sensitive areas, such as protected historic centres-, are responsible for the formation of border areas and micro-edges within the consolidated city. During the 20th century, several theories on the suitability and ways of intervening in the city were developed, each of them as a result of strong political and, mostly, economic interests. These theories, which shared the common goal of creating quality cities, have left their mark on the cities through their planning. This study, which focuses on the city of Valencia, specifically in its protected historic centre, the Ciutat Vella (old city), has analysed the influence and traces of the different urban development theories which emerged in the late 20th century; their planning and how such theories, along with land and heritage legislation and social stakeholders, have contributed to the changes in the city. The starting point is a traditional, compact city model, consisting of monuments and multi-storey dwellings which, in theory, promote social integration. An efficient city with good development planning, services and mobility adapted to the development needs of its society. A field of study with a significant historical legacy, an inherited scheme and urban landscape; represent spaces that have the legal requirements of the conservation of its historic urban fabric and buildings with heritage values. The research also has found out that implementing changes that tear the scheme or the urban morphology may generate the risk of prompting the disappearance of the inherited city. The research has analysed the interventions carried out by the government during the first decade of the 21st century in areas of significance and importance and recognised heritage value in the city, with the aim of identifying the processes and factors that may formalise border areas or urban borders within the consolidated city. Given that each neighbourhood is different and with specific physical characteristics, morphology, uses, activities, and public spaces, and the fact that these singularities are joined by the existence of Heritage of Cultural Interest and its protective environments. Unique locations that act as strategic focus of great attraction. The analysis focuses on five urban projects promoted by the local government which, according to the legislation, were authorised by the regional government while taking into account its heritage nature. The study has revolved around the following squares belonging to public spaces in the protected historic centre: Plaza de Décimo Junio Bruto, Plaza del Patriarca, Plaza del Pilar, Plaza Redonda and Plaza del Tossal. Among other issues, the variables that may influence the transformation of public spaces depend on political and economic opportunities, on the multifunctionality of each space, their adaptation to new uses and on social aspects related to the quality of life of the inhabitants. Hence the variation and complexity when choosing indicators for analysis and diagnosis.
[ES] RESUMEN DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL Conocer es Recordar. PLATÓN El patrimonio urbano como conservador de la memoria colectiva es el reflejo y referencia de la identidad de una sociedad, es un bien único e irremplazable cuyo mantenimiento depende de su reconocimiento por parte de esta sociedad. Muchos son los factores que configuran el patrimonio urbano y cualquier cambio en el espacio público puede producir lugares tanto de encuentro, como de paso o de abandono. La presente investigación muestra como la interactuación entre los diferentes agentes sociales, económicos, las administraciones públicas y las legislaciones que confluyen en los espacios más sensibles, como son los centros históricos protegidos, pueden provocar la formación de espacios frontera, micro-bordes, dentro de la ciudad consolidada. Durante el siglo XX se desarrollaron diversas teorías acerca de la conveniencia y las formas de intervenir en la ciudad, cada una con marcadas bases políticas y, fundamentalmente, económicas. Estas teorías, todas con el objetivo común de lograr ciudades de calidad, han dejado huella en la ciudad a través del planeamiento. En el presente estudio, centrado en la ciudad de Valencia, y en concreto en su Centro Histórico Protegido, Ciutat Vella, se han revisado la influencia y huellas de las distintas teorías urbanísticas surgidas en el último tercio del siglo XX; en su planeamiento y en cómo estas, junto a la legislación urbanística y patrimonial y los agentes sociales, han contribuido al cambio de la ciudad. Se parte de un modelo de ciudad tradicional compacta, formada por monumentos y viviendas colectivas que, teóricamente, favorecen la integración social. Una ciudad eficiente dotada de una buena urbanización, con unos servicios y una movilidad adaptados a las necesidades de desarrollo de su sociedad. Un ámbito de estudio con un importante legado histórico, una trama y un paisaje urbano heredados; son espacios que cuentan con las premisas legales de la conservación de su tejido urbano histórico y de los inmuebles con valores patrimoniales. La investigación ha permitido comprobar también, como al introducir cambios que provocan rotos en la trama o en la morfología urbana se puede generar el riego de hacer desaparecer esa ciudad heredada. La investigación ha analizado las intervenciones que la Administración ha llevado a cabo, durante la primera década del siglo XXI, en espacios de significado, importancia y reconocido valor patrimonial en la ciudad, con el objetivo de identificar los procesos y factores que pueden formalizar espacios frontera o bordes urbanos dentro de la ciudad consolidada. Teniendo en cuenta que cada barrio es diferente, tiene unas características físicas específicas, morfología, usos, actividades y espacios públicos propios, y que a estas singularidades se une la existencia de Bienes de Interés Cultural y de sus entornos de protección. Espacios singulares que actúan como focos estratégicos de gran atracción. El análisis se centra en cinco actuaciones urbanas promovidas por la Administración Local y que contaron, según marca la legislación, con la autorización y cautela patrimonial de la Administración Autonómica. El estudio se ha centrado en los siguientes espacios públicos del Centro Histórico Protegido: la Plaza de Décimo Junio Bruto, la Plaza del Patriarca, la Plaza del Pilar, la Plaza Redonda y la Plaza del Tossal. Los factores que pueden influir en la transformación de los espacios públicos dependen, entre otras cuestiones, de las oportunidades políticas y económicas, de la multifuncionalidad de cada espacio, de su adaptación a nuevos usos y de aspectos sociales relacionados con la calidad de vida de los habitantes. De ahí su variación y complejidad a la hora de elegir los elementos y aspectos que permitan el diagnóstico.
[CAT] RESUM DE LA TESI DOCTORAL Conéixer és Recordar. PLATÓ El patrimoni urbà com a conservador de la memòria col·lectiva és el reflex i referència de la identitat d'una societat, és un bé únic i irreemplaçable el manteniment del qual depén del seu reconeixement per part d'esta societat. Molts són els factors que configuren el patrimoni urbà i qualsevol canvi en l'espai públic pot produir llocs tant de trobada, com de pas o d'abandonament. La present investigació mostra com la interactuació entre els diferents agents socials, econòmics, les administracions públiques i les legislacions que confluïxen en els espais més sensibles, com són els centres històrics protegits, poden provocar la formació d'espais frontera, microbords, dins de la ciutat consolidada. Durant el segle XX es van desenvolupar diverses teories sobre la conveniència i les formes d'intervindre en la ciutat, cada una amb marcades bases polítiques i, fonamentalment, econòmiques. Aquestes teories, totes amb l'objectiu comú d'aconseguir ciutats de qualitat, han deixat empremta en la ciutat a través del planeament. En el present estudi, centrat en la ciutat de València, i en concret en el seu Centre Històric Protegit, Ciutat Vella, s'han revisat la influència i empremtes de les distintes teories urbanístiques sorgides en l'últim terç del segle XX; en el seu planejament i en com estes, junt amb la legislació urbanística i patrimonial i els agents socials, han contribuït al canvi de la ciutat. Es partix d'un model de ciutat tradicional compacta, formada per monuments i vivendes col·lectives que, teòricament, afavorixen la integració social. Una ciutat eficient dotada d'una bona urbanització, amb uns servicis i una mobilitat adaptats a les necessitats de desenvolupament de la seua societat. Un àmbit d'estudi amb un important llegat històric, una trama i un paisatge urbà heretats; són espais que compten amb les premisses legals de la conservació del seu teixit urbà històric i dels immobles amb valors patrimonials. La investigació ha permés comprovar també, com a l'introduir canvis que provoquen trencats en la trama o en la morfologia urbana es pot generar el risc de fer desaparéixer eixa ciutat heretada. La investigació ha analitzat les intervencions que l'Administració ha dut a terme, durant la primera dècada del segle XXI, en espais de significat, importància i reconegut valor patrimonial en la ciutat, amb l'objectiu d'identificar els processos i factors que poden formalitzar espais frontera o bords urbans dins de la ciutat consolidada. Tenint en compte que cada barri és diferent, té unes característiques físiques específiques, morfologia, usos, activitats i espais públics propis, i que a estes singularitats s'unix l'existència de Béns d'Interés Cultural i dels seus entorns de protecció. Espais singulars que actuen com a focus estratègics de gran atracció. L'anàlisi es centra en cinc actuacions urbanes promogudes per l'Administració Local i que van comptar, segons marca la legislació, amb l'autorització i cautela patrimonial de l'Administració Autonòmica. L'estudi s'ha centrat en els següents espais públics del Centre Històric Protegit: la Plaça de Décimo Junio Bruto, la Plaça del Patriarca, la Plaça del Pilar, la Plaça Redona i la Plaça del Tossal. Els factors que poden influir en la transformació dels espais públics depenen, entre altres qüestions, de les oportunitats polítiques i econòmiques, de la multifuncionalitat de cada espai, de la seua adaptació a nous usos i d'aspectes socials relacionats amb la qualitat de vida dels habitants. D'ací la seua variació i complexitat a l'hora de triar els elementsi aspectos que permetan el diagnòstic.
Santisteban Cazorla, MP. (2016). LA GENERACIÓN DE BORDES URBANOS EN EL INTERIOR DE LOS CENTROS HISTÓRICOS DE LAS CIUDADES. EL CASO DE VALENCIA [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63258
TESIS

La ocupación urbana en el borde de acantilados costeros ha generado inestabilidad en estos y como consecuencia, vulnerabilidad en la población debido a los riesgos de deslizamientos. Lo cual está relacionado con que en el diseño de los espacios públicos en los bordes de acantilados se analizan por separado el enfoque de paisaje urbano del de mitigación de riesgos, de tal manera que se limita la visión integral para la protección del acantilado. Por lo cual se plantea la pregunta: ¿en qué medida el diseño del espacio público en el borde superior del acantilado que integra el enfoque de paisaje urbano y el de mitigación de riesgos cumple con la protección del acantilado ante los riesgos de deslizamientos? Por ello, se analiza el Parque del Amor y Larcomar bajo tres parámetros que son los usos del espacio público, el distanciamiento mínimo desde la edificación hacia el borde y la carga máxima de lo construido en el borde relacionándolo al enfoque de paisaje urbano del Plan Maestro de Desarrollo de la Costa Verde (1995-2010). Así esta investigación demuestra que es necesario integrar los factores de mitigación de riesgos al enfoque de paisaje urbano para influir positivamente en la protección del acantilado.

Magíster en Psicología Clínica Adultos
El presente proyecto pretende revisar desde una lectura psicoanalítica social, los elementos técnicos vinculados al abordaje socioeducativo, propuesto por el Servicio Nacional de Menores, en el contexto de La Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente, que se realiza con jóvenes que cumplen condena, específicamente en el programa de Libertad Asistida de la Corporación de Desarrollo Social de la Asociación Cristiana de jóvenes. Por otro lado, fundamentalmente se analizara desde la perspectiva psicoanalítica, el discurso que tienen los profesionales psicólogos, que se desempeñan en el plano del a ejecución del proyecto de reinserción social, sobre la intervención socioeducativa, con el fin de visibilizar aportes extraídos desde sus experiencias personales en el trabajo cotidiano, en el contexto de rehabilitación social, realzando de esta forma el saber que se genera en su práctica

Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-292).
This thesis explores emerging patterns of communication in student video production and the extent to which such patterns signify cultural border crossings in a South African upper income group school context. The investigation was carried out with specific reference to the politics of difference, an educational philosophy defined by Henry Giroux (2006) as border pedagogy. Within the framework of multimodal pedagogy, four learners from diverse cultural backgrounds collaborated with one another in a timeframe of three days to create digital video productions using guidelines provided by the researcher. The production unit was observed in order to answer questions around the utilisation of video production in the classroom, as well as how learners interact and negotiate cultural issues while producing video. The data was analysed with a custom-made multimodal toolkit as proposed by Baldry and Thibault (2006). By employing Kress and Van Leeuwen's four strata of Discourse, Design, Production and Distribution various types of data illuminated themes around social memory, race, the influence of class difference, and gender representation. Assessment techniques in terms of the multimodal theories of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2001) also enabled the researcher to look at the way in which meaning is made "in any and every sign, at every level, and in any mode" (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 2001: 4). The classroom intervention was designed to encourage adolescents as "unique hybrids" (Bhabha 1994) to cross borders of cultural identity, hypothesising that difference might emerge more clearly in the negotiation and video production process, than what might crystallise in analyzing the final video production. Metaphorical border crossing in a cultural and racial sense might become more apparent in production than final product. The negotiation of Border Difference took preference over the ultimate erosion of these borders.

This study of borders in literature investigates the ways the frontier and then the border entered the national consciousness and developed into the entities they are presently. The focus here on the border in literature is organized around the role of border heroes as they bring instability and change to the geographic border region and to more metaphoric border regions. This study not only addresses the individual border hero's role and attributes, but also focuses more generally on the border hero's role as an emblem of the struggle for change. Toward this end, I support the importance to border criticism of border agents by showing their presence and essential participation in the work of Américo Paredes, some of the earliest writing on borders and border agents.

The tussle between borders, identity, and territory continues to dominate politics in postcolonial South Asia. While critical perspectives in International Relations tend to regard borders as increasingly dispersed and vacillated; in South Asia’s literature, borders are considered territorially sacrosanct and stringently fixed to their traditional location. Challenging both these perspectives, this thesis questions the diffuse and abstract notion of borders while simultaneously exploring the border beyond the borderland. For this, the thesis adapts the conceptual framework of border as method to analyse narratives, processes, and practices of borders in three locations: the border, the city, and diaspora. I develop this framework of border as method using the interpretive tools of sensitivity, the work of the imagination, and the figure of the stranger to guide as well as draw connections between these seemingly disparate locations. The three cases explicate the relationship between physical and imagined borders by demonstrating how ideas, practices, and narratives of the border converge and diverge at the border, within the nation, and outside the nation. The empirical case studies combine insights from fieldwork, interviews, and observations at the border between (i) India, Bangladesh and Pakistan; (ii) in chhota or mini-Pakistans in Mumbai; and (iii) South Asian ethnic enclaves in Birmingham and London. The thesis puts forth a multi-layered argument. Firstly, it argues that there is a need to rethink the way in which we approach the study of borders. For this the thesis argues in favour of studying the border as method. This suggests that it is important to study the border on its own terms, by being in dialogue with the border, and by thinking of the border as a way of knowing. Secondly, the thesis demonstrates that the ideational border plays an important role in reproducing the border. The thesis finds that borders in postcolonial South Asia are durable and resilient. Overall, the thesis views borders holistically through an engagement with the three dimensions of the borders i.e. epistemology, ontology, and phenomenology to foreground the rigidity and territoriality of the imagined border.

Esta tesis cubre un conjunto de objetivos de investigación relacionados con la adquisición, la medida, la representación y el procesado de la información de color contenida en la imagen digital. La caracterización de los dispositivos de adquisición (cámaras) ha facilitado la determinación de las mejores condiciones de uso en aplicaciones colorimétricas. Se han desarrollado herramientas de análisis que permiten obtener, de forma automática o semiautomática, medidas sobre pequeñas diferencias de color, realce de contornos y segmentación, relacionándolas con la respuesta que en operaciones similares proporciona la visión humana. Se presentan resultados experimentales y numéricos en un conjunto de aplicaciones que abarcan operaciones seleccionadas en diversos campos: la inspección industrial, como la evaluación de la uniformidad en el color de las muestras textiles; el realce de imágenes en color y la interpretación de imágenes oftálmicas, como la extracción de características en imágenes de complicaciones derivadas del uso de lentes de contacto y en imágenes del fondo del ojo para el diagnóstico y seguimiento del glaucoma.
Los logros alcanzados son:
· Análisis comparativo de dos tipos de cámara para la adquisición de imagen digital en color: videocámara de arquitectura 3CCD y cámara fotográfica con sensor CMOS multicapa. Caracterización del funcionamiento de la cámara con fines colorimétricos. Medida de la calidad a partir de la sensibilidad espectral y ruido producido en la imagen.
· Evaluación de la capacidad de la cámara para medir pequeñas diferencias de color entre pares de muestras. Comparación de la respuesta de la cámara con un instrumento de referencia de elevada precisión. Elaboración de tests de muestras que permitan realizar esta evaluación, afinando en la presentación de pequeñas diferencias de color, explorando la respuesta de la cámara en regiones del espacio de color que puedan implicar dificultad, o que presenten interés por su repercusión industrial, etc. Se ha usado la métrica CIELAB y CIEDE 2000, recomendadas por la CIE.
· Diseño de un método para el realce de la imagen en color inspirado en los modelos computacionales de la visión humana. Realce de los contornos de una imagen en color considerando las condiciones de observación y las características del dispositivo (monitor) que se utiliza para presentar la imagen. Combinación del operador de realce de derivada segunda con el suavizado mediante funciones gaussianas y todo ello, a su vez, con el espacio S-CIELAB, definido para medir distancias de color entre imágenes tal y como son percibidas en unas condiciones de observación determinadas. Análisis de las limitaciones del método que den lugar a efectos no deseados, desviaciones de color, presencia de ruido, etc. Estudio de variantes y aproximaciones del método que puedan presentar ventajas por implicar algún tipo de simplificación en su aplicación o por rebajar los requerimientos de cómputo.
· Desarrollo de aplicaciones de visión artificial para la ejecución de tareas que habitualmente son exclusivas de técnicos y especialistas con visión entrenada en diversos campos: Inspección de la uniformidad del color en muestras textiles, análisis de imágenes estándar para la graduación de las complicaciones producidas por el uso lentes de contacto y análisis de imágenes del fondo de ojo para la ayuda al diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento del glaucoma. Obtención de resultados experimentales, análisis y extracción de conclusiones.
Esta tesis contribuye a aumentar las capacidades potenciales de los sistemas de visión artificial para ser utilizados en aplicaciones que requieren una evaluación e interpretación de la información de color en imágenes digitales. Estas aplicaciones tradicionalmente se llevan a cabo mediante la visión humana entrenada de técnicos o especialistas y pueden mejorar notablemente si se incrementa en ellas la objetividad y la automatización.
This doctoral dissertation addresses a range of practically motivated research objectives related to the acquisition, measurement, representation and processing of colour information contained in digital images. The characterization of imaging devices (cameras) has allowed the author to determine their best working conditions for colorimetric applications. New tools of image analysis have been developed to automatically or partly automatically measure small colour differences, sharpen images and segment objects. All these operations have been related to similar operations of the human vision performance.
The work includes both experimental and numerical elements in a variety of applications: industrial inspection (colour uniformity assessment of textile dyeing), colour image sharpening, and analysis of ophthalmic images (feature extraction in reference images of complications related to wearing contact lenses and characterization of retina fundus images for glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring).
The specific achievements are:
· Comparative analysis of two types of digital cameras: 3CCD camera and multilayer silicon sensor camera. Characterization of camera performance for colorimetric purposes. Calculation of measure of goodness that involve both the spectral sensitivities and imaging noise of the camera.
· Evaluation of the capabilities of digital cameras to measure small colour differences between sample pairs by comparing the camera performance with a reference instrument. Design of specific tests of colour samples. Particular attention is paid to the nearly neutral region of the colour space (very pale and the dark greyish colours) that entails certain degree of difficulty. It has been used metric CIELAB and CIEDE 2000, recommended by the CIE.
· Design of a method for image sharpening based on human colour vision models. The method combines second derivative operators with the spatial-CIELAB space defined to measure colour distances between images. A colour image is sharpened taking into account the viewing condition of the observer and the characteristics of the monitor used to display. The method has been demonstrated to yield better results than conventional methods. Possible artifacts are explored and evaluated.
· Several applications in different fields have been developed: Application to colour matching assessment by machine vision in textile industry; application to the analysis of standard images to grade the complications produced by contact lens wear in optometry, and application to the analysis of ophthalmic images related to glaucoma.
Numerical and experimental results are obtained and discussed.
This doctoral dissertation contributes to increase the potential capabilities of artificial vision systems based on digital images in colour to be used in applications involving analysis of colour images which traditionally require the involvement of human specialists or technicians and that still remain far from objectiveness and automation.

In response to the humanitarian crisis of 2015, Sweden introduced ‘temporary’ bordercontrols. The increasingly permanent controls warrant critical assessment and raise urgentquestions: How is border security exercised in practice? What is the relationship betweenintent and practices on the ground? Which logics drive the border control? This studyexplores these questions through in-depth interviews with border guards andethnographic field observations conducted at Hyllie station. Applying Foucault’s conceptof biopolitics and Walters’ image of the border-as-firewall, the study critically probes thepractices of border security and the logics that underpin it. The study argues that theSwedish border control acts as a (biopolitical) firewall. Yet, this conceptual frameworkalone cannot account for the multiple logics, rationalities, and objectives that intersectand drive the project of border control. The analysis suggests that biopolitics framessecurity as a rather monolithic, omnipotent performance of overarching state objectives.In reality, the exercise of border control is assembled ad hoc, constrained by the limits ofavailable resources of the Swedish police and mediated by the agency of individual borderguards. Finally, the study reflects on the exclusionary logic embedded in the practices ofborder control and stakes out paths for future research.

The study analyzes the Karelia cross-border cooperation programme and its activity under the theoretical framework of soft spaces, exploring the processes through which it overcomes the administrative and political boundaries of the Finnish-Russian ‘hard borders’. The ability of these cross-border areas to cooperate may appear to conflict with the geopolitical context in which they are embedded. The historical path, however, reveals a process where conflicts over changes of borders and political scenarios coexisted with the sharing of spatial identities and development challenges. The study demonstrates how stakeholders are motivated both by functional needs of cooperation towards regional development, as well as desires to change existent practices in the Russian side. Through informal and semi-formal processes of negotiation employed by several stakeholders, the regions attempt to overcome the clashes between EU, Finnish and Russian political and administrative discourses. Thus, it is argued that the cross-border cooperation programme constitutes a soft space in-between regional, national and supranational levels, as well as an enabler of other soft spaces in the local crossborder level.

How do individuals navigate situations in which their work-role identity is put in competition with social identities of race/ethnicity, nationality, or citizenship/generational status? This research uses a controversial criminal court procedure (Operation Streamline) as an optimal setting to understand the strategies employed by lawyers and judges who manage such delicate identity processes. I examine how legal professionals assign salience to their various identities while developing a perspective of competing identity management that builds on and further integrates prior sociological research on identity. In particular, Latino/a judges and lawyers who participate in Operation Streamline (OSL) take on a specific work-related role identity that entails assisting in the conviction and sentencing of border-crossers with whom they share one social identity—race/ethnicity—but do not share another social identity—citizenship. I systematically assess identity management strategies used by lawyers and judges to manage these multiple competing identities while seeking to comprehend under what circumstances these identities affect legal professionals' job-related interactions. In this dissertation, I demonstrate that Latino/a lawyers and judges involved with OSL manage their potentially competing social and role identities differently than non-Latino/as whose social identities do not compete with their role identities, demonstrating variation between racial/ethnic social identities. I also find that some Latino/a lawyers and judges (those with higher racial/ethnic social identity salience) involved with OSL manage their potentially competing social and role identities differently than other Latino/a lawyers and judges (those with higher racial/ethnic social identity salience), demonstrating variation within racial/ethnic social identity based on the social identity of citizenship/generational status. Finally, I demonstrate that situationality is a factor in identity management because a shared social identity with defendants seems to be useful in the daily work of Latino/a lawyers and judges, but often detrimental in how they are perceived by outsiders such as activists and the media. From this case, we can take the findings and begin to create an outline for a new theory of competing identity management, integrating prior literatures on social and role identities. I have been able to elaborate mechanisms of some identity management processes while also developing grounded hypotheses on which to base future research. My research also contributes to improving how the criminal justice system deals with sensitive racial/ethnic issues surrounding immigration crimes and en masse proceedings such as OSL. Because proposed "comprehensive immigration reform" includes expanding programs like OSL, my research to understand the broader effects of the program on legal professionals is especially important not only to social scientists but to society at large. The fact that there is a difference in identity management strategies for Latino/a and non-Latino/a respondents helps demonstrate there is in fact an underlying racial tension present in Operation Streamline.

This study investigates Canada's border security policy, practices and technologies and the discourses in which they function, to better understand the U.S-Canadian "Smart Border" and the post-9/11 geographies of the nation-state. With the erasure of economic and military borders and the erection of new security-oriented police borders, Canada's "Smart Border" is no longer at the edges of territory but is a series of spaces reproduced in and outside of Canada through technologies such as the passport, immigration and anti-terrorism legislation, security agencies, monuments, and maps. The "Smart Border" perpetuates colonial distinctions and projects as a site of tension between the national construction of Canadian identities, policing technologies and the enforcement of a global apartheid that restricts access to political and economic resources by enforcing a regime of differential access to mobility. As a site of resistance, the "Smart Border" is also a space from which to displace colonial-national genealogies.

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This study considers how Serbian border security sector reform illuminates questions of force and statecraft in a southern European nation. In 2006, Serbia became a member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP), a step toward a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership; however, Serbia has indicated no intention to become a full NATO member. Also in 2006, Serbia entered into a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union (EU) as part of the process of accession to EU membership; however, Serbia must meet EU conditions regarding border security reform and must continue to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) for full membership to be realized. This thesis evaluates Serbia's continued efforts to integrate into the EU structures. It begins with a historical overview of the leadership, politics and reform of the Serbian security sector before the 21st century. It then explores the role of the international community, including Russia, in providing assistance to Serbia during the past decade. The thesis then focuses on Serbia's progress in border security development, Integrated Border Management (IBM), border guard reform and customs administration reform. This thesis argues that, despite the on-going efforts of the international community to integrate Serbia into the EU community, due to the unique political and social circumstances specific to Serbia regarding comprehensive reform of ethics and power, the continuing border security reform efforts in Serbia-and hence, EU membership-will most likely remain another decade in the future.

Con 4.400 kilómetros cuadrados de superficie y 13 millones de habitantes, la conurbación Gran Buenos Aires es una de las principales áreas urbanizadas de América Latina. A su vez, su espacio de influencia regional, la denominada Región Metropolitana, abarca unos 15.000 kilómetros cuadrados. En el cinturón productivo ubicado sobre sus bordes, alrededor de 1.500 empresas hortícolas se emplazan en 16.000 hectáreas, abasteciendo aproximadamente al 30 % de la demanda alimenticia “en fresco” urbana. De esa superficie, 3.000 corresponden a superficie ocupada con invernáculos, que a su vez representan el 40% de la superficie nacional de cultivos bajo cubierta. En las últimas décadas, agentes económicos de nacionalidad boliviana han adquirido un rol central en la producción y comercialización de tales productos. Como consecuencia del contexto emergente tras la crisis económica nacional del año 2001, en la que el abastecimiento alimentario a las ciudades cobró importancia y el Estado abandonó el paradigma de la “Nueva Gestión Pública” de la década del noventa para centrarse en intervenciones mucho más focalizadas en lo social, en el último decenio se ha producido una creciente instalación de la agricultura periurbana como tema de agenda pública. Entre los años 2000 y 2008, distintos distritos de la periferia de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires han generado políticas para gestionar sus interfases urbano-rurales (los municipios de Moreno, Florencio Varela y Pilar, los cuales son presentados como casos de estudio), así como desde la Provincia de Buenos Aires se institucionalizó una Dirección Provincial de Agricultura Periurbana. Todo ello adquirió mayor dimensión cuando, durante 2009 y 2010, el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria creó una agencia metropolitana especializada en agricultura urbana y periurbana; y el Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación presentó un Programa Nacional de Agricultura Periurbana. En estos procesos asumieron un protagonismo significativo funcionarios técnicos de origen municipal, quienes avanzaron sobre las estructuras superiores del Estado. Sin embargo, la generación de nuevas iniciativas para gestionar territorios tan complejos como los periurbanos se ha encontrado, al momento de procurar incidir coherentemente en su ordenamiento, con la fragmentación tradicional del aparato estatal. Así como con una escasa definición de agendas territoriales específicas o una dilución de las mismas ante la preponderancia de las agendas sectoriales. En síntesis, el trabajo de tesis se propone realizar un racconto de las distintas políticas municipales, provinciales y nacionales que se han propuesto intervenir sobre el entorno productivo de Buenos Aires, indagando en la necesidad de construir una nueva institucionalidad metropolitana y de aplicar determinados instrumentos de intervención, disponibles o a ser creados, para procurar la protección de la agricultura periurbana. Asimismo, se trabaja el tema del control de calidad y sanitario como una problemática central a la hora de pensar el ordenamiento y formalización de la actividad hortícola. El trabajo tiene fundamentalmente un diseño de carácter cualitativo. Se nutre de distintas fuentes informativas primarias (informantes clave) que son los propios funcionarios de la gestión pública y los agentes de la producción hortícola; así como fuentes secundarias como bibliografía nacional, artículos científicos y de divulgación, ponencias, tesis de grado y posgrado e informes técnicos de procedencia argentina, latinoamericana y europea sobre la temática de la agricultura periurbana. Asimismo, se utilizó información de censos provinciales hortícolas y nacionales agropecuarios. Por lo tanto, se apela a la utilización de los métodos y técnicas como el análisis documental, las entrevistas y los estudios de caso. Por otra parte, el abordaje de los procesos de política se basa en un método narrativo, que tiene como referencia para la recolección y sistematización de la información a un modelo de análisis de política pública.
With a surface area of 4,400 km2 and a 13-million population, the Greater Buenos Aires urban agglomeration is one of the main urbanized areas of Latin America. In addition, the space over which the city exerts its regional influence – the Metropolitan Region – covers about 15,000 km2. In the production belt located in its fringe, about 1,500 horticultural production units occupy 16,000 hectares, supplying roughly 30% of the urban fresh food demand. Out of this surface area, 3,000 pertain to surface area occupied with greenhouses, which in turn represents 40% of the national surface area of crops under roof. Over the last decades, economic agents of Bolivian origin have come to play a central role in the production and marketing of such products. As a result of the context emerging from the national economy crisis of year 2001, in which food supply into the cities became relevant and the State abandoned the “New Public Management” paradigm of the 1990s to center on interventions much more focused on the social aspects, over the last ten years, agriculture in the rural-urban fringe has increasingly gained space in the public agenda. Between years 2000 and 2008, different municipalities of the periphery of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region have wrought policies to manage their urban-rural interfaces (case studies: Moreno, Florencio Varela and Pilar), and within the Province of Buenos Aires, a Provincial Office of Periurban Agriculture acquired institutional rank. The creation by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology of a metropolitan agency specialized in urban and periurban agriculture, and the introduction by the National Ministry of Agriculture of a National Program of Periurban Agriculture during 2009 and 2010 took things to a whole new level. Technical experts of municipal rank played a key role in the above processes, as they went above the State’s upper structures. However, the generation of new initiatives to manage territories as complex as the urban-rural fringe – when attempting to influence its planning in a coordinated manner – has run into the traditional fragmentation of the State system. The initiatives have also come across a poor definition of specific territorial agendas or a dilution thereof in the face of the preponderance of sectoral agenda. In a few words, this dissertation seeks to present a relation on the different municipal, provincial and national policies proposing to intervene in the productive environs of Buenos Aires, inquiring on the need to build a new metropolitan institutional framework and to apply specific instruments of intervention, presently available or to be created in the future, intended to watch over periurban agriculture. Likewise, quality control and phytosanitary inspectorate are treated as main issues in horticultural public management. The research has a qualitative approach. Field trips interviews and observations, focusing on gathering public agents', marketers' and horticultural producers' experiences, were used as methods for collecting the data. As well, it is based on scientific specialized literature and technicals documents on periurban agriculture. Furthermore, the methodology that allows to study the situation of government and state institutions is linked with a descriptive model for public policy analysis.

Mestrado Bolonha em Actuarial Science
The objective of this thesis is to explore the mortality trends in the United States’ border regions. Using the Center of Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database, we examine overall mortality from 1999-2019 through the calculation of standardized mortality ratios for the border region versus the non-border areas. We analyse sub-populations of the border by state, ethnicity, and cause of death, and we use varying combinations of confounders in our standardization including age, gender, and cause of death. The findings confirm significant differences between the border and non-border regions, with opposite results at each border. When accounting for all confounders, the border region at the Mexican border (SMR = 0.958) has lower mortality than the non- border region (SMR = 1.011), and at the Canada border, the border region (SMR = 1.033) has higher mortality than the non-border region (SMR = 0.985). In this manner, the county of residence and proximity to the border could be a useful contributor to mortality estimations.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This thesis is an ethnography of the Italian-Slovenian border. The data presented in this thesis have been collected during one year of fieldwork (August 2008 - August 2009) that took place in the Province of Gorizia, the smallest of the region Friuli Venezia Giulia in the North-East of Italy. To be more specific, I conducted my fieldwork in the two areas of this Province that straddle the international border between Italy and Slovenia: the main town of Gorizia and the wine area of Collio that stretches North West of the town. I chose these areas because the town has been portrayed by some locals as a divided town as the Italian-Slovenian border straddles its peripheries and the peripheries of the Slovenian town of Nova Gorica, and the wine growers that live and/or work in the Collio area remove and replace the boundary according to their business. This thesis is about the making and marking of the Italian-Slovenian border now that both Italy and Slovenia are part of the European Union and, more importantly in this context, the Schengen Space. In fact, within the Schengen area the physical structures of the border have been erased; because of this erasure locals discussed the border as having ‘disappeared’, hence putting emphasis on the border structure as an object of demarcation. This thesis is an ethnographic example of how such a combined erasure (of borders within the EU) and simultaneous maintenance of state borders is being experienced on an everyday basis. This research aims to be an example of how Gorizia and the Collio area are shaped by the local residents’ narratives and perceptions of the political processes of bordering and de-bordering: an example of border theory from the local perspective. This work wants to be an example of border as a quality -as ongoing activity-, rather than as a fixed object. As such this thesis is looking at borderworks: the multiple qualities of borders, and how those qualities constantly change.

Ce travail a pour projet de nommer et de définir les débordements théâtraux présents sur la scène contemporaine et d'en révéler leurs sens vis-à-vis de la pratique théâtrale, mais aussi de notre société. Qu'ils soient à l'intérieur même de la création ou qu'ils concernent les spectateurs, les débordements de types spatio-temporels, dramaturgiques, idéologiques, interprétatifs, spatiaux ou émotionnels posent la question de la rencontre du vivant avec la fixité des bords théâtraux et notamment du bord de scène. Il s'agit de penser la façon dont les metteurs en scène tels que Vincent Macaigne, Thomas Ostermeier ou Rodrigo García tentent ou parviennent à pratiquer la mise hors scène dans un espace architectural convenu qu'est le théâtre. La traversée croissante de la scène théâtrale par, entre autres, les corps, les matières, les cultures ou les disciplines, réinterroge les définitions et les fonctions du théâtre tout comme la place, la fonction et le rôle du spectateur. Elle modifie aussi le travail du metteur en scène, du dramaturge, du comédien et du technicien. La pluridisciplinarité et l'interdisciplinarité poussent le médium théâtre à s'adapter et à investir de nouveaux espaces de création comme celui de l'entre-deux, jusqu'à perturber la réception spectatorielle. Il s'agit d'étudier les mécanismes qui permettent de "sortir de", que ce soit dans cette volonté de déranger ou de sublimer à travers la pratique de la performance notamment. En quoi ce qui a lieu, que nous nommons débordement, peut-il nous éclairer sur ce que c'est que d'avoir sa place devant ou dans un spectacle ? Et en quoi les esthétiques du débordement théâtral plongent-t-elles les spectateurs dans une expérience émancipatrice ?
This work aims to name and define theatricals overflows present on the contemporary stage. It aims to reveal their meaning with regard to theatrical practice, but also to our society. Whether they are within the creation itself or whether they concern the spectators, the spatio-temporal, dramaturgical, idological, interpretative, spatial, performative of emotional overflows raise the question of the meeting of the living with the fixity of theatricals borders, and in particular the edge of the stage. It is a question of thinking about the way in which directors such as Vincent Macaigne, Thomas Ostermeier or Rodrigo García attempt or succeed in practising off-stage staging in an agreed architectural space that is the Theater. The increasing crossing of the theater stage by, among other things, bodies, materials, cultures or disciplines, reexamines the definitions and functions of theater as well as the place, the function and the role of the spectator, but also changes the work of the director, the playwright, the comedian and the stage manager. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity force the theatre-medium to adapt and to invest new creative spaces such as the in-between space to the point of disrupting spectator reception. We study the mechanisms that allow us to "get out of", whether it be in this desire to disturb or to sublimate through the practice of the performance art in particular. So, we can wonder us what it is to "having one's place in front of or within a performance" ? And how does the aesthetics of theatrical overflow immerse the spectators in an emancipatory experience ?

This dissertation explores how local labour markets and labour migration are constructed within in the Pearl River delta region in Guangdong province, south China. The Pearl River delta region has become one of the most industrialized and prosperous regions in China since economic reform began in 1979. Industrial growth has occurred in areas that were primarily agricultural, yet the trajectory of growth has been uneven. Uneven development has generated two distinct economic structures and economic activities within the delta region. The core area is highly industrialized, and partially urbanized, while the periphery is less industrialized and by Pearl River delta standards marginally developed. The data for this study were derived primarily from a survey conducted in five formerly rural communities in the Pearl River delta. Over 400 labour migrants were interviewed. Ethnographic observation and secondary documentary analysis complemented the survey data. I argue, firstly, that rural industrialization created large scale labour migration in and around village settlements rather than urban areas. Labour market formation in Chinese rural contexts offers a sharp contrast to current migration studies and labour market formation. Secondly, the hukou system and other policies of residence management have major consequences for labour migration in China. Labour migration occurs in a domestic context and despite some distinctions occurs within a single cultural system. Chinese labour migrants cross administrative boundaries and face cultural adjustment such as language and industrial work. They can be seen as analogous to foreign workers as described in international migration studies. Yet institutional arrangements create unequal access to the benefits of citizenship and distinctive living arrangements. They generate contested identities in the places where migrants seek employment. The social networks of migrants have become facilitating factors in obtaining jobs and initial settlement, yet they may also hinder social integration into highly solidary host communities. This study has implications beyond labour market formation and identity change. Given the large population of labour migrants in China and the patterns of labour migration under specific institutional context and local social characteristics, it casts light on the profound social transformation in China as a whole.
Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate

This Bachelor’s thesis explores the relationship between borders, boundaries and migration, and their effect on identity making from a diasporic perspective. The study focuses on notions of national, regional, cultural, tribal and ethnic identity, and set in relation to the influence borders and boundarieshave on these processes. It investigates this topical realm within the specific conditions of the Angolan-Namibian border, following the developments from the era of colonization, independence struggle and decolonization and the transformation of Angola and Namibia into self-asserting and sovereign states, in which it focuses on the identity making of the Angolan diaspora residing in the border town of Rundu, northern Namibia. In doing so, it sets out to investigate the connection between macro variables and processes such as colonialism, the Cold War in Africa, and independence movements, to micro processes focusing on the living conditions and experiences of border residents. The study aims at a holistic approach drawing from theoretical developments within border and boundary studies stemming from disciplines such as political geography and anthropology, along with migration studies and social psychology. The results suggest that differing dominant conditions of the Angolan and Namibian states in terms of historical and political development, living conditions and the manifestation of the border and political assertion of the nation-states, has indeed helped to inform and construct different social categories and identities. In terms of the Angolan diaspora, the results indicate that migrants acquiring Namibian citizenships and thereby rights, did redefine their national identity to a greater extent than those denied documentation as their agency has become curtailed, leaving this group in an identity-limbo. The main contribution of this study is an investigation of what the border-migration-identity nexus means in terms of the Angolan diaspora and the Kavango region.

Por ser não-invasiva e de baixo custo, a Ecocardiografia tem se tornado uma técnica de diagnóstico muito utilizada para a determinação dos volumes sistólicos e diastólicos do ventrículo esquerdo a fim de se calcular, indiretamente, o volume de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, a razão de contração muscular das cavidades cardíacas, a fração de ejeção regional e global, a espessura do miocárdio e a massa ventricular. Para isso, torna-se necessária a detecção das bordas endocárdicas do ventrículo esquerdo, o que é dificultada pelo fato da imagem de Ecocardiografia possuir ruídos que prejudicam sua definição. Apesar de haver várias técnicas de segmentação de imagem, este trabalho propõe detectar as bordas do ventrículo esquerdo de imagens ecocardiográficas utilizando uma rede neural artificial para reconhecer padrões de bordas. A fim de acelerar o processo e facilitar o processamento, uma área retangular centrada dentro da janela acústica do paciente é determinada pelo operador com o uso do \'mouse\' na qual serão realizadas todas as análises e reconhecimentos de borda pela rede neural. Após a marcação dos pontos reconhecidos pela rede neural como bordas, utilizam-se técnicas de gradientes e contorno móvel para se conectar os pontos de maior probabilidade e traçar a borda do ventrículo esquerdo. Esta técnica mostrou-se eficaz quando comparados com as bordas traçadas pelo especialista, sendo um fator importante a prática do operador ao escolher adequadamente a área a ser analisada. Após treinamento com 50 amostras de padrões de \"borda\" e 10 amostras de padrões de \"não borda\", a técnica foi testada em 108 imagens, alcançando resultados com boa precisão e rapidez quando comparamos os resultados na determinação da área do ventrículo esquerdo com outras técnicas citadas na literatura nacional e internacional.
Being non-invasive and having low cost, the echocardiography has been largely applied as diagnostic technique for left ventricle systolic and diastolic volumes determination that indirectly are used to calculate the left ventricle ejection volume, the cardiac cavities muscular contraction, the regional and global ejection fraction, the myocardial thickness, the ventricular mass, etc. For this reason, the detection of the left ventricle endocardial borders become necessary, but hampered by the noise that impairs the echocardiography images definition. In spite of having many image segmentation techniques, this work intend to detect the borders of left ventricle on echocardiography images by using a artificial neural network to recognize border patterns. To accelerate the process and facilitate the procedure, the operator uses the mouse to define a rectangular region inside the acoustic window of the pacient where all analyses and border recognitions will be accomplished. After labeling the recognized points as \'border\', gradient techniques and mobile boundary are used to connect the points of greater probability and delineate the left ventricle border. This technique has proved to be efficient when compared to the borders traced by the specialist. The ability of the operator is important in choosing of the region to be analyzed. After training with 50 samples of \"border\" pattern and 10 samples of \"no-border\" pattern, this technique was tested on 108 images, achieving good results on precision and velocitiy when we compared the calculated left ventricle area with the results of other techniques published on national and international literature.

Uppsatsen analyserar EU:s allt mer komplexa gräns och gränsförvaltningar i en tid där migration och gränsen har blivit ett allt viktigare ämne inom politik och hos EU:s invånare. Uppsatsen syfte är att få en djupare förståelse för moderna gränser och gränspraktiker bortom den klassiska synen av territorialitet inom internationella relationer. Undersökningen är en diskursanalys av den europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningsbyrån Frontex årliga riskanalyser publicerade mellan 2014- 2018. En poststrukturalistisk analys inspirerad av ”Critical boarder studies” där Michel Foucaults förståelsen av makt och produktiv makt används. Undersökningen fokus är att synliggöra Frontex diskursiva makt och maktpraktiker relaterade till EU:s södra yttre gräns genom en applicering av Foucaults begrepp produktiv makt på Frontex diskursiva representation av EU:s södra yttre gräns. Undersökningen visar hur Frontex handlingar, sätt att analyser och granska gränsen och sin egen verksamhet tydligt fokuserar på den produktiva makten för att förändra beteenden, synsätt och möjligheter till att agera.
The thesis analyses EU’s evermore complex borders and border management in a time where migration and borders have become an increasingly important subject in politics and with EU´s citizens. The purpose of the thesis is to get a deeper understanding of the modern border and border-practises beyond the classic view of territoriality within international relations. The study is a discourse analysis of the European border and cost guard agency Frontex yearly risk analysis published between 2014- 2018. A post-structuralistic analysis inspired by ”Critical Border Studies” where Michel Foucaults understanding of power and productive power is used. The thesis focus is on exposing Frontex discursive power and power-practises related to EU’s southern outer border with the application of Foucaults concept of productive power on Frontex discursive representation of EU’s southern outer border. The study shows how Frontex actions, ways to analys and view the boarder, and there on operation clearly focuses on the productive power to change behaviour, outlook and the possibility to act.

Actualmente el sensor de imagen está normando la industria del teléfono inteligente. Mientras algunas marcas de telefonía exploran añadiendo más cámaras, otros como Google, le mantienen con un solo sensor a sus teléfonos inteligentes; pero este sensor está equipado con Deep Learning (DL) para mejorar la calidad de imagen. Sin embargo, en lo que todas las marcas estan de acuerdo es en la necesidad de investigar en los nuevos sensores de imagen; por ejemplo, Omnivisión y PixelTeq (fabricantes de sensores de imagen) presentaron en el 2015 nuevos sensores basados en la tecnología CMOS denominado multispectral single sensors (SSCs). Esta disertación presenta los beneficios de usar un SSC multiespectral que como se mencionó arriba, simultáneamente adquiere imágenes de las bandas visible e infrarrojo cercano (NIR). El principal beneficio cuando se trabajó con imágenes del rango espectral desde 400 a 1100 nanómetros, es la reducción de costo en la configuración del hardware. Solo se requiere una cámara SSC en vez de dos; además, la calibración de cámaras y el registrado de imágenes ya no son requeridas. Con relación a la banda espectral NIR, aunque esta banda es la más cercana a la banda visible y comparte algunas propiedades, la sensibilidad del sensor depende del material de la escena debido a que el comportamiento en la absorción/reflejo capturada de una escena es distinta al canal visible. Muchos trabajos en la literatura han probado los beneficios de trabajar con NIR (por ejemplo para mejorar la calidad de imágenes RGB, remover sombras, quitar neblina, etc). A pesar de las ventajas de usar SSC (por ejemplo baja latencia) existen inconvenientes a ser resueltos. Uno de esos inconvenientes corresponde a la naturaleza del sensor, que además de capturar imagen RGB, cuando no tiene instalado en filtro NIR, también captura información del espectro NIR. Este fenómeno es conocido como RGB y NIR cruzado. Esta tesis primeramente aborda este problema en imágenes complejas y seguidamente muestra las bondades de usar imágenes multiespectrales en la tarea de detección de bordes. La restauración de color desde una imagen RGBN es el tema relacionado al fenómeno RGB y NIR cruzado. Aunque en la literatura se propone un conjunto de procesos para resolver este problema, en esta tesis se proponen distintos enfoques, basados en DL, para sustraer la información NIR adicional que está en los canales RGB. Más precisamente, se propone una Artificial Neural Network (ANN) y dos Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN); como los métodos son basados en DL, se genera una base de datos con pares de imágenes (RGB infectada con NIR y solo RGB). Las imágenes adquiridas son de escenarios complejos con suficiente radiación solar para estudiar las propiedades de absorción/reflejo a las escenas consideradas. Se ha llevado acabo una evaluación profunda del modelo CNN, las diferencias de muchas de las imágenes restauradas son casi imperceptible al ojo humano. La siguiente propuesta de esta tesis es la validación del uso de las imágenes obtenidas en SSC en la tarea de detección de bordes. Tres métodos basados en CCN son propuestos. Mientras el primero se basa en uno de los modelos más usados en la literatura, Hollistically-nested edge detection (HED) denominado multispectral HED (MS-HED), los otros dos son propuestos luego de observar las limitaciones de MS-HED. Estas dos nuevas arquitecturas han sido diseñadas desde cero para usar solo esa configuración (entrenando desde cero); una vez que la primera arquitectura es válida en el dominio visible, un pequeño rediseño es propuesto al modelo original para abordar el problema multiespectral. Al igual que en el caso anterior, una base de datos es generada para abordar el problema de la detección de bordes. Aunque la detección de bordes es abordada en el dominio multiespectral, sus resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos demuestran la generalización en otros conjuntos de datos usados para detección de bordes, alcanzando resultados del estado del arte.
The image sensor, nowadays, is rolling the smartphone industry. While some phone brands explore equipping more image sensors, others, like Google, maintain their smartphones with just one sensor; but this sensor is equipped with Deep Learning to enhance the image quality. However, what all brands agree on is the need to research new image sensors; for instance, in 2015 Omnivision and PixelTeq (sensor manufacturers) presented new CMOS based image sensors, which are capable of capturing multispectral bands, these sensors are defined as multispectral Single Sensor Camera (SSC). This dissertation presents the benefits of using a multispectral SSCs that, as aforementioned, simultaneously acquires images in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands. The principal benefits while addressing problems related to image bands in the spectral range of 400 to 1100 nanometers, there are cost reductions in the hardware setup because only one SSC is needed instead of two; moreover, the cameras’ calibration and images alignment are not required any more. Concerning to the NIR spectrum, even though this band is close to the visible band and shares many properties, the sensor sensitivity is material dependent due to different behavior of absorption/reflectance capturing a given scene compared to visible channels. Many works in literature have proven the benefits of working with NIR to enhance RGB images (e.g., image enhancement, remove shadows in the RGB images, dehazing, etc.). In spite of the advantage of using SSC (e.g., low latency), there are some drawback to be solved. One of this drawback corresponds to the nature of the silicon-based sensor, which in addition to capture the RGB image, when the infrared cut off filter is not installed it also acquires NIR information into the visible image. This phenomenon is called RGB and NIR crosstalking. This thesis firstly faces this problem in challenging images and then it shows the benefit of using multispectral images in the edge detection task. The RGB color restoration from RGBN image is the topic tackled in RGB and NIR crosstalking. Even though in the literature a set of processes have been proposed to face this issue, in this thesis novel approaches, based on DL, are proposed to subtract the additional NIR included in the RGB channel. More precisely, an Artificial Neural Network (NN) and two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are proposed; as the DL based models need a dataset with a large collection of image pairs (RGB infected by NIR and target RGB image), a large dataset is collected to address the color restoration. The collected images are from challenging scenes where the sunlight radiation is sufficient to give absorption/reflectance properties to the considered scenes. An extensive evaluation has been conducted on the CNN models, differences from most of the restored images are almost imperceptible to the human eye. The next proposal of the thesis is the validation of the usage of SSC images in the edge detection task. Three methods based on CNN have been proposed. While the first one is based on the most used model, holistically-nested edge detection (HED) termed as multispectral HED (MS-HED), the other two have been proposed observing the drawbacks of MS-HED. These two novel architectures have been designed from scratch (training from scratch); after the first architecture is validated in the visible domain a slight redesign is proposed to tackle the multispectral domain. Again, another dataset is collected to face this problem with SSCs. Even though edge detection is confronted in the multispectral domain, its qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrates the generalization in other datasets used for edge detection, improving state-of-the-art results.

El análisis y la gestión del territorio requieren el empleo de información captada por sensores aéreos o espaciales en forma de imágenes digitales. La caracterización de los elementos presentes en ellas se puede enfocar tanto estudiando la información espectral como la espacial, es decir, sus formas, tamaños, distribución de sus niveles de gris, etc. La caracterización de texturas consiste en su análisis ya que son indicativas de las diferentes clases temáticas o cubiertas del territorio. En el presente trabajo se abordan técnicas de análisis de texturas para clasificar diversos tipos de cubiertas del medio físico, basándonos en imágenes de distintas fuentes. Esas imágenes representan cubiertas vegetales arbóreas naturales (Sierra de Espadán), cubiertas mixtas de vegetación natural y cultivos (Menorca y Valle de Ayora) y zonas agrícolas de tipología hortícola fuertemente antropizadas en el área peri-urbana de Valencia. El análisis de texturas puede enfocarse desde diversos puntos de vista, bien estadísticos, estructurales, basados en modelos, basados en transformadas, etc. Dada la buena respuesta de algunos métodos estadísticos y las características específicas que presenta la Transformada Wavelet, se pretende determinar los rasgos texturales de unas imágenes mediante los dos métodos. En cuanto a estas variables, se han estudiado los estadísticos de 1er orden, los de 2º orden de la matriz de co-ocurrencias de niveles de gris y algunos obtenidos a partir del histograma. La transformada wavelet presenta un buen comportamiento a la hora del estudio de la relación espacio-frecuencia, al basarse en funciones matemáticas que cortan datos o señales en diferentes componentes de frecuencia y estudian cada uno de ellos con una resolución ajustada a su escala. La transformada se pone en práctica mediante bancos de filtros paso alto y paso bajo bidimensionales formados por los coeficientes de las funciones que permiten obtener la información de altas y bajas frecuencias en
Fernández Sarriá, A. (2007). Estudio de técnicas basadas en la transformada wavelet y optimización de sus parámetros para la clasificación por texturas de imágenes digitales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1955
Palancia

This paper looks at the topic of immigration from a philosophical standpoint and concludes that an open border policy is morally obligatory. I first argue that immigration cannot act as a corrective to the problems of global poverty as many philosophers have suggested. I then look at two common defenses for restrictive borders, one resting on the cultural community and one on the political community, and conclude that these two defenses are inadequate. The fact that a restrictive policy is morally unjustifiable coupled with my argument that people ought to be able to enjoy a freedom of movement suggests that an open border policy is necessary.

The 'enigmas' dealt with in Part 1 (Chapters 1-4) are illusory, arising largely from the apparent inability of many of his critics to understand much of Borges' work. However, the discussion of his widely appreciated wit in Chapter 1 shows that this is sometimes the fault of Borges himself. He once proclaimed his intention to conceal the true nature of some of his fictions so that only 'a very few' of his readers should understand them. Fortunately, his attempts at concealment were not always successful; but some of his critics seem to have been misled by them. Chapters 2-4 deal with characteristics that appear to be less widely appreciated. Chapter 2 discusses the importance of Borges' obsession with death; chapter 3 deals with what he called 'the most precious gift, doubt'; and chapter 4 illustrates Borges' humility and his aversion to arrogance; but all three chapters demonstrate that Borges' critics have often failed to acknowledge these characteristics. Chapters 2 and 3 show that many of his poems make clear the importance of some of these factors. Borges regarded himself primarily as a poet, and published many more books of poetry than prose; however, comparatively little attention has been paid to this aspect of his work. Part 2 of the thesis (chapters 5 and 6) deals with the enigma which Borges himself presents. This is no illusion. It stems mainly from some of his seminars, lectures and non-fictional pieces, which are shown to be rife with inaccuracies, contradictions, and poor preparation. They raise many questions about the depth of Borges' learning, and about his academic rigour. Part 1 suggests answers, while Part 2 despairs of answers. A number of the quoted texts were published originally in English; I have no Spanish, and the remaining texts are quoted in translation.

It is generally accepted that borders play a crucial role within processes of globalization, that borders are an integral aspect of globalization, broadly understood here as increasing global interconnectedness. To this end, current research on borders has tended to focus on securitisation and the ability of the state border to protect national (state) security. Such approaches are linked to the idea of rebordering, particularly post 9/11, and has led researchers to study the increasing interconnect between surveillance and borders. Biometrics and 'virtual borders' thus become pertinent, timely as well as case study oriented sub-topics of border research. Alternatively, but by no means separate, research elsewhere has focused on the ways in which borders form an integral aspect of our mundane daily life practices. Emphasis is placed on how people construct, resist or reconstruct overlapping social, cultural and historical narratives of and via borders particularly in relation to the idea of borderlands and spaces. All these approaches key into current and contested thinking within border research: (1) bordering should form the main aspect of border research as opposed to geo-political lines; (2) borders are not, by definition, solely situated around the periphery of states; (3) borders mean different things to different people; (4) border construction and maintenance need not fall into the remit of the state and traditional geopolitical performances of sovereignty. However, while the term 'interconnected world' as an integral component of globalization is almost a truism, the role borders play in this connection needs further development. This thesis proposes to bring connection to the forefront of border research and is predominantly interested in the ways in which borders connect beyond localities within which the border may be situated. The thesis will propose and discuss three overlapping components (mechanisms) or aspects (outcomes) of border connectivity: invoking scale; connection as a consequence of division; and empowerment through connection. Arguing that borders connect in this way deepens our understanding of the relationship between borders and globalization. Borders as mechanisms of connection, it is argued, form an integral aspect of our interconnected word.

This project consists of a novel and an exegesis that explore the use of fiction to counter negative hegemonic representations of refugees in Australia. The possibilities of using Australian spaces, including border spaces, to reveal tensions surrounding refugee belonging and to highlight the reconfiguration of border sites in the Australian imaginary, is a particular focus of this work.

The thrust of this study is to provide a critical reading of the configuration of borders through the discourse of one of the main institutions of the European Union (EU), the European Commission. My starting point is the observation of multiplication and transformation of EU and European borders as a result of the process of integration. This implies simultaneous processes of de-bordering, border construction and reconstruction. Despite that the overwhelming majority of current research tends to focus on one aspect of these trends at the expense of the others. My premise is that as a supranational institution, the European Commission is ideally placed to provide an empirical illustration of how these processes occurs. It has a vested interest and an ability to promote further integration and therefore, ambiguous border configurations in its discourse highlight current limitations to border transcendence that instead lead to multiplication and transformation of EU and European borders. The research provides a comprehensive examination of the different types of borders configured by the discourse of the European Commission, thus allowing analysis of how exactly these are articulated. It looks into a number of EU policy areas, border controls, free movement of people, social policy and the European Neighbourhood Policy and, employing the strategy of double reading, examines various Commission documents in the period after the adoption of the Single European Act. The main body of the thesis starts with a theoretical framework, which outlines the most important concepts used in the research, which inform the analysis in the subsequent empirical chapters.

Restaurangbesök har många människor personliga och specifika relationer till, med både bra och dåliga minnen. Det kan handla om positiva förväntningar som uppfylls eller överträffas likaväl som besvikelser. Vid ett tillfälle kan upplevelsen raseras av en obekväm sittplast eller att maten låter vänta på sig, vid ett annat tillfälle kan upplevelsen vara fantastisk trots en bränd köttbit serverad vid en trång bardisk. Jag ser restaurangmiljön som en spännande värld fylld av kontraster. För mig handlar restaurangmiljö mycket om sociala möten. Det är på restaurang jag oftast möter gamla vänner, men också nya. I en restaurangmiljö kan jag leva i nuet mer än någon annanstans. Mina förväntningar och förhoppningar med kandidatarbetet är att formge flexibla middagsmöbler som kan fungera som ett tillägg till en trång restaurangmiljö, ett tillägg som kan balansera upp förlorade funktioner. Jag vill att möbeln ska utstråla en positiv aspekt av trängseln, den sociala gemenskapen  och på så sätt visa de trevliga förutsättningarna snarare än svårigheterna med en snäv middagsplats. Syftet är att underlätta för de som gärna delar middagsupplevelsen med många andra men även att motivera dem som det inte faller sig lika naturligt för. Jag vill skapa en möbel som uppmuntrar men inte förutsätter interaktion med omgivningen.

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2014.
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2014." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-141).
A feature of many conflicts is the presence of a border that separates an area of on-going military operations from an area that the enemy can use permissively. This thesis considers analytic techniques for planning military operations designed to interdict enemy forces crossing the border. Specifically, this thesis presents optimization-based methods for scheduling patrolling units and for positioning ground sensors in support of those patrolling units. These methods could serve as the framework for a tactical-level decision support tool designed to assist military planners assigned to border regions with resource allocation recommendations and trade-off comparisons. We propose tractable mixed integer optimization formulations for these solutions based on a network model of the routes in the region, operational constraints on the abilities of the patrolling units, and estimates of enemy force movements. Additionally, we develop robust extensions to these formulations that allow the model to account for a degree of enemy intelligence by incorporating the uncertain nature of the enemy movement estimates into the formulation. We evaluate the solutions to these formulations using simulations that account for different realizations of the uncertain enemy movement. This includes cases where the realized enemy movement closely matches the estimates made in the model and cases where the realizations are very different from the model. Additionally, we provide a modified greedy heuristic to the scheduling formulation that can serve as a tool for dynamically retasking a patrol to interdict enemy forces in real-time after a sensor detects enemy movement. Current planning for these operations are conducted by a staff with no decision making analytic tools. We approximate a version of this current planning method with an algorithm and show that our method outperforms it with both the deterministic and robust formulations. We compare the deterministic and robust formulations and demonstrate a process for choosing between the formulations, along with an explanation of the utility of the robust formulation.
by Jonathan L. Paynter.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

thresh-old noun `thresh-`hold, `thre-`shold _the sill of a doorway _the entrance to a house or building _any place or point of entering or beginning A threshold can be understood as the visible or invisible division and demarcation of space. It is an age-old concept tracing back even to the first notions of urban space. The largest scaled gestures of thresholds are those lines and walls that divide nations and territories. All complexities of past and current geopolitical tensions simply derive from the interpretations and implementation of the walls and geopolitical lines or lineaments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the concept of lineaments on every scale, as it is the base idea that permeates all design. It is design in its purest form. The following architectural argument will explore Leon Battista Albert's theory of lineaments, particularly the wall as an architectural element, as he spells out in his architectural treatise On the Art of Building in Ten Books. A closer look at Alberti's treatise and the idea of lineaments will help to better refine the definition and implementation of international borders and treatises. Reconsideration of a lineament in the slightest form has the potential to drastically change the execution and enforcement of a lineament in tangible materials and their assembly during construction. The chosen design proposes a new U.S.-Mexico Joint Land Port of Entry along the border of Columbus, New Mexico, United State of America, and Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, Mexico
Master of Architecture

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur pedagoger ser på måltidens funktion i förskolan, vilka regler som råder och om barnen har något inflytande under måltiderna. Vårt intresse för detta ämne väcktes då vi läst en artikel i Lärarnas Nyheter (2011) om pedagogers roll under måltiderna i förskolan. I artikeln skrivs det att det bedrivs uppfostringspedagogik och vuxen makt i dagens förskolor. Vi valde därför att studera detta vidare och har observerat barn och pedagoger, samt intervjuat pedagoger på en förskola. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna väljer att lägga stort fokus på regler som enbart är gjorda av vuxna, vilket även tidigare forskning påvisat. Vi kan se att barnen inte har inflytande gällande skapandet av reglerna, men däremot upplever vi att barnen har inflytande under måltiderna på andra vis, bland annat genom samtal.