Tesi: "Length measurement"

1

Tompkins, Michael. "Automated Method For Fiber Length Measurement". NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05222006-130435/.

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The price of cotton is dictated by quality and the most significant factor of contributing to the fiber quality is the length distribution of the fibers contained within the population. Therefore it is of importance to accurately and repeatably measure the length of fibers within a population so that it is graded properly. Current methods are inadequate and thus prior work focused on designing a machine to directly measure individual cotton fibers using digital imaging. The current work begins with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital imaging machine. The machine was evaluated and sources of error identified. Modifications were implemented in an attempt to improve the error. After multiple modifications with little success an entirely new design was conceptualized. The new design aimed to eliminate all major sources of error with the existing machine while not creating new sources of error. The new design is discussed and the results are compared to those obtained by the original imaging machine. The new machine was better able to accurately measure the length of cut length fibers. The variation between fibers within a sample and entire samples of cut length fiber was significantly decreased when compared to the variation of the previous system.

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2

Ikiz, Yuksel. "Fiber Length Measurement by Image Processing". NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000809-225316.

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IKIZ, YUKSEL. Fiber Length Measurement by Image Processing. (Under the direction of Dr. Jon P. Rust.) This research studied the accuracy and feasibility of cotton fiber length measurement by image processing as an alternative to existing systems. Current systems have some weaknesses especially in Short Fiber Content (SFC) determination, which is becoming an important length parameter in industry. Seventy-two treatments of five factors were analyzed for length and time measurements by our own computer program. The factors are: Sample preparation (without fiber crossover and with fiber crossover), lighting (backlighting and frontlighting), resolution (37-micron, 57-micron, 106-micron, and 185-micron), preprocessing (4-neighborhood and 8-neighborhood), and processing (outlining, thinning, and adding broken skeletons). The best results in terms of accuracy, precision and analysis time for images without fiber crossovers were: 106-micron resolution with frontlighting using an 8-neighborhood thresholding algorithm and using an outline algorithm for length determination. With fiber crossovers, 57-micron resolution with backlighting using an 8-neighborhood thresholding algorithm and using a thinning algorithm combined with an adding algorithm for combining broken skeletons. Using the above conditions, 1775 area can be analyzed using our current equipment in 15 seconds. In the case of images with crossovers, only 117 can be analyzed in 15 seconds. This research demonstrates that successful sample preparation without fiber crossovers would create the best fiber length measurement technique, however with fiber crossovers the system efficiency has been proven as well.

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3

Hodgson, David Zhuang. "Residual stress measurement across different length scales". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544354.

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4

Clay, G. A. "Automatic fibre length measurement by image analysis". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305598.

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5

Ballard, Norman. "Electrode length measurement in electric arc furnaces". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18232.

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Accurate measurement of electrode length in electric arc furnaces will result in decreased maintenance time, and improved plant productivity. This thesis describes the development of a microwave-based Soderberg electrode length-measurement system. Various methods of electrode-length measurement were investigated, and it was found that a microwave measurement system based on a conventional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar presented the most feasible technique. In this system, microwaves are propagated down a waveguide placed in the electrode. As the waveguide melts, they continue propagating in the resulting cavity until they are reflected by the discontinuity at the bottom of the electrode. The time taken for the return journey to the bottom of the electrode and back is measured, and the electrode length calculated.

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6

Wilcox, Eva. "Novel Neutron Detector for n-n Scattering Length Measurement". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd900.pdf.

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7

Love, Peter. "In vivo sarcomere length measurement and total body irradiation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8116.

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This thesis contains work carried out in two separate fields of medical physics. Firstly, an instrument is described which enable orthopaedic surgeons to measure the in vivo sarcomere length in muscle fibre. The technique relies on the diffraction of laser light as it passes through the periodic structure of striated muscle. The resulting instrument is a modification of one described by other workers. Various refinements to the instrument were carried out and tested during several tendon-transfer operations. A precision of 3% in the sarcomere length may be achieved which is adequate for the surgeons needs. Secondly, simulations and experiments were performed to investigate an arcing Total Body Irradiation technique to be used in radiotherapy. The technique was first proposed by workers at Christchurch Hospital and this work continues that study. Computer code was written to simulate the treatment using Monte Carlo methods for radiation transport. Various characteristics of the treatment were examined such as dose rates, dose uniformity and dose compensation. These properties must be known if the treatment is to be implemented in a clinical situation. An anthropomorphic model was used which demonstrates the dose uniformity achievable with this method.

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8

Sheikh, Zahoor Ahmad. "Measurement of the coherence length of atomic two-photon radiation". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359253.

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9

Weale, Cecil Jack. "Investigating the association between Leucocyte Telomere length and glucose intolerance". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2722.

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Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Background: Telomeres are DNA-proteins situated at the ends of linear chromosomes, responsible for genome stabilization. A link has been previously described between leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and age-related inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Since diabetes mellitus has been described as a chronic inflammatory condition, it has been hypothesized that there is significant LTL shortening in individuals with dysglycaemia. Aim: To investigate leucocyte telomere length in patients with pre-diabetes, newly diagnosed, known diabetics on treatment and to compare the results to normoglycaemic individuals. Methods: A total of 205 eligible subjects (78% women) median age 56 years, from the Bellville-South community were followed-up between 2008 and 2011. Baseline and follow-up data collections included glucose tolerance status, anthropometric, blood pressure, lipids, insulin, γ-glutamyl transferase, cotinine, and HbA1c. In all participants, telomere length was measured using the absolute telomere q-PCR method performed on a Bio-Rad MiniOpticon Detector. Results: Although there was a change in individuals’ glycaemic status over the 3 years, no significant differences were observed in LTL across glycaemic status: (Baseline p = 0.7618, 3 Year Follow-up p = 0.2204). However, in a multiple regression model, adjusted for age and gender, LTL was negatively associated with age and GGT, and positively associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL) (all p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: This research study was the first longitudinal study of LTL in Africans. We show that LTL shortening is not evident within three years, nor is it associated with glycaemia. Our findings also corroborate previous notions associating LTL with age. The lack of association between LTL and glycaemia has been previously reported, however further studies are required using larger sample and broader BMI spread.

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10

Gedela, Naga Venkata Praveen babu. "MEASUREMENT AND ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1226037175.

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11

Scotti, Duane Michael. "Iliotibial Band Length and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Relationship Between Two Measurement Techniques". Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/60.

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Purpose: To determine the relationship between iliotibial band (ITB) length and the presence of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), compare the difference in ITB length between the painful knee and the non-painful knee in subjects with unilateral PFPS, determine the test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the Ober test and modified Thomas test, and explore the relationship between the Ober test and the modified Thomas test in measuring ITB length. Subjects: Forty-eight subjects were recruited (PFPS group n=24, control group n=24) from three different outpatient physical therapy clinics. Methods: The Ober test and modified Thomas test was conducted on both legs of each subject to determine ITB length with the use of a digital inclinometer. Examiners were blinded to group assignment and an independent observer recorded all the results. Results: The mean values for hip adduction during the Ober test was 7.2 degrees in the control group and 2.3 degrees in the PFPS group. One way ANOVA revealed a significant difference between groups (p= .011). There were no differences in ITB length comparing the painful knee to the non-painful knee for both the Ober test and modified Thomas test. The ICC values calculated for the test-retest reliability were .95 for the Ober test and .86 for the modified Thomas test. Pearson correlational analysis revealed a weak negative correlation (r=-.40, p=.005) between the Ober test and modified Thomas test on the left side and no correlation on the right side. Discussion and Conclusion: The Ober test is better at distinguishing between a PFPS group and a control group than the modified Thomas test supporting the clinical utility of the Ober test. The use of a digital inclinometer for both the Ober test and modified Thomas test appears to be a reliable method for the measurement of ITB length. However, given the lack of relationship found between the two tests, the two examination procedures should not be used interchangeably for the measurement of ITB length.

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12

Brockhurst, Veronica. "Development of novel DNA-based methods for the measurement of length polymorphisms (microsatellites)". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.

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13

Wu, Lan. "IMPROVED VEHICLE LENGTH MEASUREMENT AND CLASSIFICATION FROM FREEWAY DUAL-LOOP DETECTORS IN CONGESTED TRAFFIC". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387558066.

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14

McPhail, Diane. "Area : the big cover-up". Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27435.

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The research problem reported in this thesis is an investigation of the teaching and learning of area measurement in the early years of school. Research indicates that children confuse the measurement of area and perimeter and also the use of linear and two-dimensional units of measure. The first phase of the study investigated the knowledge and skills which underpin an understanding of the L x B formula for calculating rectangular area. Those factors were used to plan a teaching program of four lessons for Year 1 and Year 2 children, focusing on: establishing the attribute of area; making, describing and drawing the spatial structure of arrays of repeated informal units to measure areas; and methods of counting to determine the total number of units. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by implementing the lessons in four classes. Lessons planned from the then current syllabus were implemented in another four classes. Comparison of student learning outcomes from all classes indicated that the research lessons were more effective in assisting children to develop an understanding of a grid pattern or array of repeated informal units. The second phase of this study described the researcher’s investigation, design and trial of teacher professional learning strategies which would assist teachers to adopt successful methods of teaching young children to measure area. Seventeen volunteer teachers in seven school teams participated in one of three models of professional learning, based on varying levels of consultancy support. The models were based on the provision of lesson notes and teaching materials, facilitation of team meetings to discuss the implementation, and the provision of additional time to interview individual children following each lesson. Participation in the project assisted all of the participating teachers to develop their content knowledge and to modify their teacher-centred teaching practices. The key strategies and factors which contributed to this success included ongoing school based professional dialogue and support, the provision of a teaching program which emphasised students’ conceptual development within a sequence of activities, the role played by teacher leaders within each team, opportunities to develop questioning techniques and the motivation and disposition of the participating teachers.ABSTRACT

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15

Pratihar, Sumit. "Residual stress measurement on different length scales using neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction". Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439239.

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16

Reeder, D. Benjamin (Davis Benjamin) 1966. "Acoustic scattering by axisymmertic finite-length bodies with application to fish : measurement and modeling". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29252.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-148).
This thesis investigates the complexities of acoustic scattering by finite bodies in general and by fish in particular through the development of an advanced acoustic scattering model and detailed laboratory acoustic measurements. A general acoustic scattering model is developed that is accurate and numerically efficient for a wide range of frequencies, angles of orientation, irregular axisymmetric shapes and boundary conditions. The model presented is an extension of a two-dimensional conformal mapping approach to scattering by irregular, finite-length bodies of revolution. An extensive series of broadband acoustic backscattering measurements has been conducted involving alewife fish (Alosa pseudoharengus), which are morphologically similar to the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). A greater-than-octave bandwidth (40-95 kHz), shaped, linearly swept, frequency modulated signal was used to insonify live, adult alewife that were tethered while being rotated in 1-degree increments over all angles of orientation in two planes of rotation (lateral and dorsal/ventral). Spectral analysis correlates frequency dependencies to morphology and orientation. Pulse compression processing temporally resolves multiple returns from each individual which show good correlation with size and orientation, and demonstrate that there exists more than one significant scattering feature in the animal.
(cont.) Imaging technologies used to exactly measure the morphology of the scattering features of fish include very high-resolution Phase Contrast X-rays (PCX) and Computerized Tomography (CT) scans, which are used for morphological evaluation and incorporation into the scattering model. Studies such as this one, which combine scattering models with high-resolution morphological information and high-quality laboratory data, are crucial to the quantitative use of acoustics in the ocean.
by D. Benjamin Reeder.
Ph.D.

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17

Langrock, Stefanie. "Measurement of the Rayleigh scattering length and background contributions during early data taking phases at SNO+". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24647.

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SNO+ is a multipurpose neutrino experiment located at SNOLAB. Its key purpose is investigating the neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te, amongst other physics goals such as solar and reactor neutrino oscillations. The success of the experiment depends on the understanding of the optical properties of the detection materials, as well as a good understanding of potential background contributions. The calibration system used to study the Rayleigh scattering properties of the detector is presented and methods to model the system in Monte Carlo simulations based on commissioning run data are introduced. Furthermore, the analysis of the scattering length in a water-filled detector is described and demonstrated on a fake water-fill data set with an accuracy of the measured scattering length scaling factor of 1:1 %. The evaluation of the systematic uncertainties is presented. The background contributions originating from the 238U and 232Th decay chains during early SNO+ run phases are constrained using 214Bi214Po and 212Bi212Po delayed coincidences. The methods to identify these coincidences are presented and the challenges to apply them to an intermediate partial water-scintillator phase are discussed. It is shown that for the current target background rates the 238U and 232Th chain contents can be determined with an uncertainty of 4:1% and 27:6%.

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McPhail, Diane. "Area the big cover-up /". View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27435.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.
"A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliography.

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19

Roberge, Douglas M. "Experimental crack length measurement under variable temperature using a thin film AC potential difference technique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23477.pdf.

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20

Sosale, Guruprasad. "Measurement and analysis of surface topography over multiple length scales: application to titanium bone implants". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18433.

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The performance of bone (osseous) implants is critically dependent on the interactions of the implant surface with the surrounding osseous tissue. Correlating surface topography with bioperformance is essential for the optimized design of osseous implants. The goal of this thesis is to develop a robust methodology for the measurement and analysis of aperiodic surface topographies, such as those encountered on bone implants, over multiple length scales. Two widely used measurement techniques, namely, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and White-Light Interferometry (WLI), are compared and contrasted. A custom-designed MATLAB-based program is developed to analyze the images from both tools, and to extract fourteen different statistical topography parameters. The errors associated with measurement and image analysis are identified, and guidelines are suggested to minimize their effect. This methodology is then applied to measure the topographies of two commonly-used titanium implant surfaces. Previous studies have shown that both surfaces have similar average (root-mean-square) roughness but elicit significantly different bioresponses. Here, it is demonstrated that the two surfaces differ in several other topography parameters, most significantly in surface slope, peak curvature, and developed interfacial area, and crucially, that these differences are strongly scale dependent. These findings form the basis for devising robust quantitative topography-performance correlations for titanium bone implants.
La performance des implants osseux dépend de façon critique de l'interaction entre la surface de l'implant et le tissu osseux environment. Le but de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie fiable pour mesurer et analyser la topographie de surfaces non périodiques à différentes échelles. Ainsi, deux techniques de mesure extrêmement utilisées, la microscopie à force atomique et l'interférométrie à lumière blanche ont été comparées et confrontées. Un programme développé sur le logiciel MATLAB a été conçu pour analyser les images obtenues par ses deux instruments et en extraire quatorze différents paramètres topographiques statistiques. Les erreurs associées à la mesure et à l'analyse d'image ont été ensuite identifiées et des recommandations ont été suggérées pour minimiser leurs effets. Cette méthodologie a été ensuite appliquée pour mesurer les topographies de deux implants en titane communément utilisés. Il apparaît que ces deux surfaces ont une moyenne quadratique similaire pour la rugosité, mais présentent néanmoins des réponses biologiques différentes. Dans cette recherche, il a été démontré que les deux surfaces présentent, en plus, plusieurs différences pour d'autres paramètres topographiques, notamment de façon significative, pour l'inclinaison des surfaces, la courbure des pics et l'aire interraciale développée. Ces différences dépendent fortement d'un facteur d'échelle, et forment la base pour d'autres études afin de développer des relations quantitatives entre la topologie de la surface et les réponses biologiques associées.

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Roe, John Andrew. "How important is length? : mechanical testing and measurement of a cemented, polished, tapered femoral implant". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53200/1/John_Roe_Thesis.pdf.

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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a proven clinical record for providing pain relief and return of function to patients with disabling arthritis. There are many successful options for femoral implant design and fixation. Cemented, polished, tapered femoral implants have been shown to have excellent results in national joint registries and long-term clinical series. These implants are usually 150mm long at their lateral aspect. Due to their length, these implants cannot always be offered to patients due to variations in femoral anatomy. Polished, tapered implants as short as 95mm exist, however their small proximal geometry (neck offset and body size) limit their use to smaller stature patients. There is a group of patients in which a shorter implant with a maintained proximal body size would be advantageous. There are also potential benefits to a shorter implant in standard patient populations such as reduced bone removal due to reduced reaming, favourable loading of the proximal femur, and the ability to revise into good proximal bone stock if required. These factors potentially make a shorter implant an option for all patient populations. The role of implant length in determining the stability of a cemented, polished, tapered femoral implant is not well defined by the literature. Before changes in implant design can be made, a better understanding of the role of each region in determining performance is required. The aim of the thesis was to describe how implant length affects the stability of a cemented, polished, tapered femoral implant. This has been determined through an extensive body of laboratory testing. The major findings are that for a given proximal body size, a reduction in implant length has no effect on the torsional stability of a polished, tapered design, while a small reduction in axial stability should be expected. These findings are important because the literature suggests that torsional stability is the major determinant of long-term clinical performance of a THA system. Furthermore, a polished, tapered design is known to be forgiving of cement-implant interface micromotion due to the favourable wear characteristics. Together these findings suggest that a shorter polished, tapered implant may be well tolerated. The effect of a change in implant length on the geometric characteristics of polished, tapered design were also determined and applied to the mechanical testing. Importantly, interface area does play a role in stability of the system; however it is the distribution of the interface and not the magnitude of the area that defines stability. Taper angle (at least in the range of angles seen in this work) was shown not to be a determinant of axial or torsional stability. A range of implants were tested, comparing variations in length, neck offset and indication (primary versus cement-in-cement revision). At their manufactured length, the 125mm implants were similar to their longer 150mm counterparts suggesting that they may be similarly well tolerated in the clinical environment. However, the slimmer cement-in-cement revision implant was shown to have a poorer mechanical performance, suggesting their use in higher demand patients may be hazardous. An implant length of 125mm has been shown to be quite stable and the results suggest that a further reduction to 100mm may be tolerated. However, further work is required. A shorter implant with maintained proximal body size would be useful for the group of patients who are unable to access the current standard length implants due to variations in femoral anatomy. Extending the findings further, the similar function with potential benefits of a shorter implant make their application to all patients appealing.

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Rydefalk, Staffan. "Particle Measurements Using Fluctuations in the Regular Transmittance of Light Through a Particle Dispersion : Concentration and Particles size - Theory, Measurement Principles and Applications for Pulp and Paper Production". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10639.

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The regular transmittance of light or similar radiation through a flowing suspension of particles fluctuates because of the random occurrence of particles in the beam.In the work presented here, a theory for this fluctuating behaviour with the emphasison dispersions of mm-length slender cylindrical particles having circular crosssections is given. The particles in question are wood pulp fibres, which as a first approximation are considered to have a cylinder shape. Four possible measurementprinciples are described theoretically and experimentally. The four principles are for the measurement of concentration, length distribution characterized as lengthclasses, mean length, and mean width. The usefulness in industrial process monitoring of two of these principles is exemplified with pulp measurements. In order to estimate model errors, numerical simulations were used. Although other techniques such as image analysis may compete, the technique presented here is attractive because of the simplicity of the measurement device used.
QC 20100806

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23

Masetti, Lucia [Verfasser]. "Measurement of the Ke4 form factors and of the pi-pi scattering length alpha00 / Lucia Masetti". Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1170527108/34.

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Rozler, Michael. "Development of a scanning tunneling potentiometry system for measurement of electronic transport at short length scales /". May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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25

Ong, Chiou Perng. "Measurement of minority charge carrier diffusion length in Gallium Nitride nanowires using Electron Beam InducedCurrent (EBIC)". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FOng_Chiou%20Perng.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Science and Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor: Haegel, Nacy M. Second Reader: Karunasiri, Gamani. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Minority charge carrier, diffusion length, GaN, nanowires, EBIC. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available in print.

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Saliba, Michael Angelo. "A precision measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length from the reaction [pi]-d -> [gamma] nn". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0015/NQ27236.pdf.

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27

Ishijima, Ken. "Length of the Eustachian tube and its postnatal development : Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement study". Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150190.

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要旨のタイトル「耳管の長さとその生後発達 : コンピューターによる三次元再構築による測定の研究」とあり
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(医学)
乙第10768号
論医博第1757号
新制||医||781(附属図書館)
UT51-2001-N240
(主査)教授塩田浩平, 教授橋本信夫, 教授伊藤壽一
学位規則第4条第2項該当

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Galles, Lindsay Lee Ann. "Measurement of Telomere Length in Rat Endothelial Cells: Modification of a Technique Used in Human Mononuclear Cells". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146251.

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Background and significance: The rapidly aging population increases the incidence of age-related disease. Biological age can be accelerated by factors, such as smoking and poor diet. Telomeres, which cap ends of chromosomes, are markers of biological aging. Critically short telomeres induce cellular replicative senescence. Senescent cells are not capable of regeneration and are associated with many human age-related diseases; therefore, it is beneficial to develop a related assay for use in aging rat models. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an assay to measure telomere length in rat cells as a marker of biological age. Methods and results: This study was performed using endothelial cells from the lungs of young (3 month) and old (24 month) Fischer 344 rats at PD4 and PD3, respectively. Telomere length in young rat cells was longer compared to old rats (p < 0.05; Students t --test). Cells from were then cultured sequentially to age cells and the modified protocol was again employed. Analysis by two-way ANOVA of telomere length showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between rat age, extent of sequential sub-culturing, and interaction effects. These results support successful modification a human telomere length assay for use in aging rat studies.

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Gibson, Millan-John. "Fibre Length Distribution and Dispersion during the Injection Moulding Process: An experimental study evaluating fibre length attrition and dispersion during processing of long glass fibre reinforced polymer composites in injection moulding including an evaluation of long glass fibre measurement techniques". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17360.

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This project evaluates fibre length dispersion and distribution within the injection moulding process of long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene, sponsored by Autodesk Simulation. The primary material used in this investigation was a 15 mm long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene consisting of two fibre content levels, 20 wt. % and 40 wt. %. A review of previous research was compiled in this study to evaluate various glass fibre measurement methods and fibre breakage studies to establish where along the injection moulding process fibre breakage predominantly occurs and which process parameters have the greatest influence on fibre length distribution along the screw. Based on literature findings, a manual fibre length measurement method was developed and applied in this study and benchmarked against existing commercially available automated software programs and found to be more accurate in obtaining a reliable fibre length distribution within a glass fibre reinforced sample. Fibre length measurements from the nozzle confirmed that the majority of fibre breakage had already occurred in the screw. Measurements taken along the screw showed a drastic decrease in weighted average glass fibre length from initial pellet form to the end of the metering zone with sudden transitions to lower weighted average values seen at the beginning of the feeding zone and along the compression zone. Fibre dispersion results from the nozzle and along the screw through the use of a μ-CT scanner showed a complex fibre flow and orientation of fibres with the preservation of fibre clusters being seen all along the injection moulding process but chiefly in the feeding and compression zones of the screw.

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Duncan, Warwick. "The measurement and modelling of the intracrystalline diffusion of cyclohexane in ZSM-5 using zero length column chromatography". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8743.

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Bibliography: p. 97-102.
Zeolites are important solid acid catalysts largely because of their microporous nature giving them strong shape selective properties. This shape selectivity may be improved by depositing an inert (e. g. silaceous) layer on the surface of the catalyst crystals, which inertises non-shape selective surface acid sites and increases diffusional transport resistances. This thesis presents an investigation, using the zero length column (ZLC) method, into changes in the diffusional properties of cyclohexane in ZSM-5 that has had tetraethoxysilane deposited on the surface in the liquid phase. Theoretical analyses of the ZLC technique and its use in a detailed study of cyclohexane in unmodiﬁed ZSM-5 were performed in order to prove the reliability of the technique and measure baseline behaviour of the selected system. The ZLC method is a chromatographic technique for the measurement of diffusion coefficients in porous sorbents. Originally developed for gaseous hydrocarbon / zeolite powder systems, it has been experimentally extended to the measurement of liquid sorbate systems, macroporous zeolite pellets and resins and the measurement of self-diffusion through tracer exchange. The technique is robust against the intrusion of external heat and mass transfer effects by the use of relatively high ﬂow rates and small catalyst samples, Analysis of the desorption curves is simple: the slope of the linear (on semilogarthmic axes) long time region gives the diffusional time constant. This so-called 'long time' analysis gives an accurate result for the diilusional time constant.

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Coholic, Alexander, e Fanny Hellberg. "Reliability and precision of root length measurements in cone beam CT images: a study of adolescents". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19758.

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Bakgrund: Under en ortodontisk behandling med fast apparatur finns det en risk för att tänderna drabbas av rotresorption. Rotresorptioner kan mätas med hjälp av Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Mätresultatet kan dock variera mellan olika observatörer och mätfel kan uppstå vilket påverkar metodens tillförlitlighet.Syfte: Att beräkna det mätfel som uppstår vid mätning av rotresorptioner som uppstår till följd av en ortodontisk behandling i CBCT-bilder och utvärdera mätmetodens tillförlitlighet. Metod: Tio ungdomar som genomgick ortodontisk behandling undersöktes med hjälp av CBCT-röntgen av båda käkar (tand 16-26 samt 36-46). Fem observatörer mätte tändernas rotlängd i utvalda CBCT-snitt. Studien omfattade 100 rötter från totalt 90 tänder. Mätningen upprepades av samma observatörer vid ett senare tillfälle. Tillförlitlighet utvärderades med intraklass-korrelationskoefficient (ICC 2.1) med 95% konfidensintervall. Mätfelet beräknades med Dahlbergs formel och standard moment of measure variance estimator (MME)-formel. Resultat: Tillförlitligheten mellan observatörer uppmättes till ICC = 0,88 under den första mätningen och ICC = 0,87 vid den upprepade mätningen. Inom observatörerna uppmättes tillförlitligheten till ICC = 0,84-0,92. Mätfelet uppmätt med Dahlbergs formel var 0,44-0,64 mm för samtliga tänder och observatörer. Det största mätfelet uppstod vid mätning av kuspider, 0,4-1,15 mm. Det minsta mätfelet uppstod vid mätning av molarer, 0,42-0,53 mm. Mätfelet vid mätning av premolarer och incisiver var 0,42-0,70 respektive 0,43-0,66 mm. När mätfelet beräknades med MME-formeln erhölls liknande resultat. Konklusion: Mätning av rotlängd i CBCT-bilder uppvisar hög reliabilitet inom och mellan olika observatörer. Precisionen varierar mellan olika tandgrupper och observatörer, men vid mätning av allvarliga rotresorptioner (>2 mm) är metoden pålitlig. CBCT anses vara en pålitlig metod för mätning av rotresorptioner som uppstått till följd av ortodontisk behandling. Vid studier där en mätning utförs bör reliabilitet och precision tas i beaktande.
Background: An orthodontic treatment may cause root resorption of varying extent on the involved teeth. The resulting root resorption can be measured in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. However, measurement results may vary among different raters because of measurement errors, affecting the reliability of the method of measurement. Objectives: To evaluate reliability and precision of measurement of root length following orthodontic treatment in CBCT images. Methods: Ten adolescents participating in a trial of orthodontic treatment were examined with CBCT of both jaws. Five raters measured root length in preselected CBCT images of 100 roots from 90 teeth. The measurements were later repeated by the same raters. Reliability was expressed as intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1). Measurement error was calculated with Dahlberg’s formula and standard moment of measure variance estimator (MME)formula. Results: The inter-rater reliability for all raters had an ICC-value of 0,88 for the first measurement and an ICC-value of 0,87 for the second measurement. The intra-rater reliability for all raters had an ICC-value between 0,84-0,92. Measurement error calculated with the Dahlberg's formula ranged between 0,44-0,64 mm for all teeth for all raters. The largest difference of measurement error between raters was observed in canines, 0,44-1,15 mm. The smallest measurement error was observed in molars, 0,42-0,53 mm. Measurement errors calculated by the MME formula showed similar results. Conclusion: Root length measurements in CBCT-images show high intra- and inter rater reliability. The precision varies between raters and tooth groups but measurements of severe root resorptions (>2 mm) are reliable with this method. The reliability and precision of a method should always be considered when conducting measurement studies. CBCT could be considered a reliable method for measurement of root resorption following orthodontic treatment with different orthodontic appliances.

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Marshall, L. "Year 7 students' understanding of the relationship between area and perimeter". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/900.

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The aim of this study was to determine Year 7 students' understanding of the relationship between area and perimeter. This is an important part of the measurement strand of mathematics. Two methods of collecting data were used: a multiple-choice pencil-and-paper test item; and clinical interviews with a class of Year 7 students. Two Perth metropolitan government primary schools allowed access for the research to take place: one was used for the trial of the test item with eleven students; the students at the other school were given the validated test item followed, one week later, by clinical interviews. Analysis of the data suggested that students of this year level have a sound understanding of the concept of perimeter, but that their understanding of the area concept was not as well developed. There also did not appear to be a widespread understanding of the relationship between area and perimeter. Several categories of understandings and misunderstandings were identified, as were other areas of concern. The research highlights some interesting implications for teachers. A better understanding of their students' beliefs about the concepts of area, perimeter, and the relationship between the two, may influence teachers' decisions when planning for the teaching of these attributes of measurement

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Pagliazzi, Marco. "Time domain, near-infrared diffuse optical methods for path length resolved, non-invasive measurement of deep-tissue blood flow". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667682.

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The non-invasive and, often, continuous measurement of the hemodynamics of the body, and for the main purposes of this thesis, the brain, is desired because both the instantaneous values and their changes over time constantly adapt to the conditions affecting the body and its environment. They are altered in pathological situations and in response to increased function. It is desirable for these measurements to be continuous, reliable, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive. In recent years, optical techniques that, by using diffusing and deep-reaching (up to few centimeters) light at skin-safe levels of intensity, combine the aforementioned characteristics, have increasingly become used in clinical and research settings. However, to date there is, on one side the need to expand the number and scope of translational studies, and, on the other, to address shortcomings like the contamination of signals from unwanted tissue volumes (partial volume effects). A further important goal is to increase the depth of penetration of light without affecting the non-invasive nature of diffuse optics. My PhD was aimed at several aspects of this problem; (i) the development of new, more advanced methods, i.e. the time/pathlength resolved, to improve the differentiation between superficial and deeper tissues layers, (ii) the exploration of new application areas, i.e. to characterize the microvascular status of bones, to study the functional response of the baby brain, and (iii) to improve the quality control of the systems , i.e. by introducing a long shelf-life dynamic phantom. In conceptual order, first I introduce long shelf-life reference standards for diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Secondly, I describe the use of an existing hybrid time domain and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system to monitor the changes that some pathological conditions, in this case osteoporosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, may have on many aspects of the human bone tissue that are currently not easy to measure (i.e. invasively assessed) by conventional techniques. Thirdly, I describe the development of a novel time domain optical technique that intimately combines, introducing many previously unmet advancements, the two previously cited optical spectroscopy techniques. For the first time I was able to produce a time domain device and protocol that can monitor the blood flow in vivo in the head and muscles of healthy humans. Lastly, I describe a device and method that I have used to monitor changes in blood flow in healthy human infants of three to five months of age, for the first time in this age bracket, as a marker of activation following visual stimulation. Overall, this work pushes the limit of the technology that makes use of diffuse light to minimally invasively, continuously, and reliably monitor endogenous markers of pathological and physiological processes in the human body.
La medición no invasiva y, a menudo, continua de la hemodinámica del cuerpo, y para los propósitos principales de esta tesis, del cerebro, es conveniente porque tanto los valores instantáneos como sus variaciones en el tiempo se adaptan constantemente a las condiciones que afectan el cuerpo humano y su entorno. Estas suelen alterarse en situaciones patológicas o como respuesta a una mayor función. Es deseable que estas mediciones sean continuas, confiables, mínimamente invasivas y relativamente asequibles. En los últimos años, las técnicas ópticas que, mediante el uso de luz difusa para medir los tejidos en profundidad (hasta unos pocos centímetros) mediante niveles de intensidad que son seguros para la piel, combinan las características arriba mencionadas, se han utilizado cada vez más tanto en entornos clínicos como de investigación. Sin embargo, al día de hoy hay, por un lado, la necesidad de ampliar el número y el ámbito de los estudios translacionales y, por el otro, de suplir a las deficiencias como por ejemplo la contaminación de volúmenes de tejido no deseados (efectos de volumen parcial). Otro objetivo importante es aumentar la profundidad de penetración de la luz sin afectar la naturaleza no invasiva de la óptica difusa. Mi doctorado está destinado a mejorar varios aspectos de este problema; (i) el desarrollo de nuevos métodos más avanzados, es decir, el método resuelto en el tiempo/trayectoria de los fotones, para mejorar la diferenciación entre los tejidos superficiales y profundos, (ii) la exploración de nuevas áreas de aplicación, es decir, para caracterizar el estado microvascular de los huesos, para estudiar la respuesta funcional del cerebro en los niños, y (iii) para mejorar el control de calidad de los sistemas, es decir, mediante la introducción de un phantom dinámico de larga vida útil. En orden conceptual, primero voy a introducir estándares de referencia de larga vida útil para la espectroscopia de correlación difusa (DCS). En segundo lugar, voy a describir el uso de un sistema híbrido espectroscopia tiempo-resuelta (TRS) con DCS ya existente para monitorizar los cambios que algunas condiciones patológicas, en este caso la osteoporosis y la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, pueden comportar para muchos aspectos del tejido óseo humano que actualmente no se pueden medir con facilidad (es decir, se van evaluado de forma invasiva) mediante técnicas convencionales. En tercer lugar, voy a describir el desarrollo de una novedosa técnica óptica en el dominio temporal que combina íntimamente, introduciendo muchos avances previamente no cumplidos, TRS y DCS. Por primera vez pude producir un dispositivo y un protocolo tiempo-resueltos para medir el flujo de la sangre en la cabeza y en los músculos de seres humanos sanos. Por último, en esta tesis voy a describir un dispositivo y un método que he usado para monitorear los cambios en el flujo sanguíneo como marcadores de activación del cerebro debida a estímulos visivos en bebés entre tres y cinco meses de edad. En general, este trabajo amplia los limites de la tecnología que hace uso de la luz difusa para monitorizar, de forma mínimamente invasiva, continua y confiable los marcadores endógenos de procesos patológicos y fisiológicos en el cuerpo humano.

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Walker, Eric C. "The importance of using SEM when studying multiple dimensions of marital satisfaction : measurement invariance across relationship length and gender /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3008.pdf.

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Prieskorn, Zachary Ryan. "Design and testing of a NITPC X-ray polarimeter with applications for the measurement of SGR burst polarization". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1061.

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Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) are neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields, on the order of 1014 G. As the source of the strongest magnetic fields in the universe, they are ideal objects to study the behavior of matter and light in this extreme environment. SGRs emit recurrent short duration, 0.1s, bursts of soft gamma-rays/hard X-rays that are expected to be highly polarized in the 2-10 keV energy range. By measuring the polarization of these bursts we can learn about the strength and configuration of the magnetic fields, the geometry of the emission region and the mass/radius relationship of the neutron star. Using the archival RXTE/PCA data we analyzed ~3 Ms of observations for SGR1806-20 and SGR1900+14. Over 5000 bursts were detected from the sources and each distribution of burst fluence was found to be well fit by a power law with an exponent of 1.60±0.02 for SGR1806-20 and 1.64±0.03 for SGR1900+14. The power law form holds over 4 magnitudes of fluence and the exponents were found to be independent of the level of burst activity. The exponent values suggest that SGR bursts are associated with a self-organized critical system, similar to earthquakes. To measure the polarization of SGR bursts a wide-field-of-view, large area detector is needed. To accomplish this we designed and tested a negative ion time projection chamber (NITPC) X-ray polarimeter which uses nitromethane (CH3NO¬2) as an electronegative gas additive. Utilizing a double gas electron multiplier (GEM) NITPC with CO2+CH3NO2 as a gas mixture we successfully measured gas gains, imaged photoelectron tracks and measured distributions of their length, measured drift velocity of negative ions in various electric fields, and measured modulation from polarized and unpolarized X-ray sources between 3 and 8 keV. Based on the lab instrument results and our SGR burst fluence analysis we propose an instrument appropriately sized for a NASA Small Mission Explorer Mission (SMEX) that would be capable of measuring the polarization of hundreds of bursts from an SGR in a state of high burst activity.

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Aslan, Gokhan. "Cepstral Deconvolution Method For Measurement Of Absorption And Scattering Coefficients Of Materials". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608021/index.pdf.

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Several methods are developed to measure absorption and scattering coefficients of materials. In this study, a new method based on cepstral deconvolution technique is proposed. A reverberation room method standardized recently by ISO (ISO 17497-1) is taken as the reference for measurements. Several measurements were conducted in a physically scaled reverberation room and results are evaluated according to these two methods, namely, the method given in the standard and cepstral deconvolution method. Two methods differ from each other in the estimation of specular parts of room impulse responses essential for determination of scattering coefficients. In the standard method, specular part is found by synchronous averaging of impulse responses. However, cepstral deconvolution method utilizes cepstral analysis to obtain the specular part instead of averaging. Results obtained by both of these two approaches are compared for five different test materials. Both of the methods gave almost same values for absorption coefficients. On the other hand, lower scattering coefficient values have been obtained for cepstral deconvolution with respect to the ISO method.

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Abdelnaser, Amany Abdelaty Mohammed [Verfasser], e Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Lemmens. "Development of a Double-Ended Gauge Block Interferometer for Measurement of the Absolute Length / Amany Abdelaty Mohammed Abdelnaser ; Betreuer: Peter Lemmens". Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1175824593/34.

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Taulbee, Timothy Dale. "Measurement and model prediction of proton-recoil track length distributions in NTA film dosimeters for neutron energy spectroscopy and retrospective dose assessment". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1235764236.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Henry Spitz PhD (Committee Chair), Bingjing Su PhD (Committee Member), John Christenson PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 1, 2009). Keywords: NTA; proton-recoil; neutron spectroscopy; dose assessment; track length; Monte Carlo; neutron transport; neutron interactions. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Doorn, Jan van, e Fredrik Karlsson. "Influence of speech task and utterance length on the measurement of pitch variability in the speech of Parkinson's disease patients after deep brain stimulation". Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73374.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects patients voice characteristics, reducing pitch variability compared to normal controls (1,2). Previous reports have shown an increase in pitch variability due to deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the Subthalamic nucleus (STN) (3). For patients stimulated in caudal zona incerta (cZi), the results indicate no effect on pitch variability in a read speech task{Karlsson:2012jr}. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of speech task (spontaneous or read speech) and the lenght of the utterance on overall measures of pitch variability observed in DBS-treated patients. Ten patients treated with STN-DBS and ten patients treated with cZi-DBS were included in this prospective study. Utterances produced sponatenously and produced during readings of a standard passage were compared in terms of treatment effects in pitch variability due to STN-DBS and cZi-DBS (Stim OFF and Stim ON recordings made 1,5 hour apart, all in Med ON) 6 and 12 months after operation. The results indicate that pitch variability is affected differently by STN-DBS and cZi-DBS depending on speech task and utterance length. In short utterances (<10 words), an increase in pitch variability is observed for both treatment groups and both speech tasks. For longer utterances, however, a more diverse effect of treatment and speech task is observed. The results therefore suggest that spech task and characteristics of thate utterance should be carefully considered when drawing conclusions on the overall effect of DBS on pitch variability. 1. Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gamboa J, Nieto A, Guerrero J, Ortí-Pareja M, Molina JA, et al. Acoustic voice analysis in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 1997 Apr;3(2):111–6. 2. Holmes RJ, Oates JM, Phyland DJ, Hughes AJ. Voice characteristics in the progression of Parkinsons disease. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2000;35(3):407–18. 3. Dromey C, Kumar R, Lang AE, Lozano AM. An investigation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on acoustic measures of voice. Mov. Disord. 2000;15(6):1132–8.
Intonation och rytm i talet hos personer med Parkinsons sjukdom - en longitudinell jämförelse mellan sjukdomens effekter och effekter av behandling

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Pinto, Manuela Martins. "Correlações macroscópicas e ultrassonográficas das dimensões prostáticas no cão". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-24032011-090718/.

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A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a acurácia das fórmulas, previamente estabelecidas em outros estudos, em determinar valores das dimensões prostáticas e sugerir uma nova fórmula que considere outras características do animal além do peso para fornecer uma análise quantitativa da próstata. Realizou-se a avaliação ultrassonográfica das próstatas de 63 cães hígidos, saudáveis com até 6 anos, em seguida obteve-se o peso, a altura e comprimento do dorso dos animais. Imediatamente após o óbito os animais foram submetidos à prostatectomia e determinou-se o volume glandular real por meio do deslocamento da coluna de àgua e a massa do órgão com a utilização de uma balança analítica. Calculou-se por meio de fórmulas previamente estabelecidas os valores de medidas prostáticas como a altura, comprimento, volume e peso. Os valores de peso e volume obtidos por meio das fórmulas foram comparados com os obtidos após pesagem e deslocamento da coluna de àgua respectivamente. Os valores das medidas de altura e comprimento obtidos por meio das fórmulas foram comparados aos obtidos ultrassonograficamente. Verificou-se o erro quadrático médio (EQM) e percentual ao testar a aderência dessas fórmulas. Após regressões lineares observou-se uma maior correlação ao se ultilizar medidas do animal como varíaveis explicativas em fórmulas para calcular os valores das medidas de comprimento e altura da próstata. Medidas de comprimento (CL) e altura (AL) da próstata podem ser estimadas por meio das fórmulas: CL = 1,59 + (0,06 * P) + (0,01 * CD) (0,01 * AA) (cm) e AL = 1,06 + (0,05 * P) + (0,003 * CD) + (0,04 * AA) (cm).
The purpose of this study was to verify the accuracy of the formulas previously established in other studies to determine values of prostate size and suggest a new formula that considers other characteristics of the animal besides the weight to provide a quantitative analysis of prostate. Prostatic ultrasonographic evaluation were performed in 63 non-castrated and healthy dogs of 6 years old in maximun. We obtained the animal\'s weight, height and length of the back. Immediately after death the animals underwent prostatectomy and the actual glandular volume was determined through water column displacement and its mass had been determined by weighting it on an analytical scale. We calculated through pre-established formulas the values of measures prostate as height, length, volume and weight. The weight and volume obtained from the formulas were compared with values obtained weight after weighing and the volume obtained after water column displacement. The values of length and height measurements obtained by the formulas were compared to values of sonographic linear measurements. We obtained the Residual Mean Square (RMS) and percentage to test the adherence of these formulas. After linear regression it was observed a bigger correlation in using the animal\'s measures as various explanation in formulas to calculate the values of length and height measures of the prostate. Measure prostatic length (CL) and height (AL) can be predicted using through formulas: CL = 1,59 + (0,06 * P) + (0,01 * CD) (0,01 * AA) (cm) and AL = 1,06 + (0,05 * P) + (0,003 * CD) + (0,04 * AA) (cm).

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Skupin, Katharina. "Absolute Längenmessung prismatischer Körper mit dem beidseitig antastenden Interferometer der PTB". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21614.

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In vorliegender Arbeit werden Aufbau und Charakterisierung des beidseitig antastenden Interferometers vorgestellt, mit dem die absolute Länge prismatischer Körper ohne Anschub an eine Referenzplatte gemessen werden kann, was Verformungen durch Wechselwirkungen von Endmaßen mit angeschobenen Platten verhindern kann. Die Messunsicherheit im Vergleich zum Prototypen konnte aufgrund eines verbesserten Temperaturmesssystems, eines temperaturstabilisierten Vakuumkessels, Optiken mit besserer Ebenheit und Kameras größerer Auflösung deutlich reduziert werden. Das entwickelte Justageverfahren mit Autokollimationsscan und die Korrektur von Wellenfrontaberrationen tragen ebenso zu einer reduzierten Messunsicherheit bei, wie der durch optimale Ausrichtung der keilförmigen Strahlteilerplatten reduzierte Einfluss von Störinterferenzen. Vergleichsmessungen eines Stahl- und eines Filterglasendmaßes mit einseitig antastenden Interferometern zeigten mit Differenzen im Bereich von 0,4 bis 2,6 nm im Rahmen der Unsicherheiten konsistente Probenlängen, was die gute Eignung des beidseitig antastenden Interferometers für absolute Längenmessungen zeigt. Vergleichsmessungen an Silizium ergaben für die beidseitig antastend gemessenen Längen gegenüber im einseitig antastenden Interferometer gemessenen Längen deutlich geringere Werte und eine reproduzierbare Differenz zwischen den mit 532 und 633 nm gemessenen Längen von etwa 4 nm. Diese Effekte sind vermutlich auf die sich beim beidseitig antastenden Verfahren deutlich stärker auswirkenden Material- und Oberflächeneigenschaften zurückzuführen. Das volle Potential des beidseitig antastenden Interferometers entfaltet sich aufgrund des großen Messunsicherheitsbeitrages der Rauheit und des Phasensprungs bei der Reflexion vor allem bei der Messung von Längenänderungen, wie der thermischen Ausdehnung oder der Langzeitstabilität verschiedener Materialien, für die die Effekte der Rauheit und des Phasensprungs eine vernachlässigbare Rolle spielen.
The present thesis adresses the setup and characterization of PTB´s double-ended interferometer, which allows for absolute length measurement of prismatic bodies without the need for wringing to a platen, which prevents deformation caused by their interaction. In comparison with PTB´s prototype, the measurement uncertainty has been substantially reduced due to an improved temperature measurement system, a temperature stabilized vacuum chamber, optics of better flatness and cameras with higher resolution. Further reduction of the measurement uncertainty has been achieved by the developed adjustment procedure including an autocollimation scanning and a correction of the influence of wavefront aberrations. Multiple configurations of orientation of the beamsplitter plate wedges were tested to minimize the influence of parasitic interferences. Comparison measurements against single-ended interferometers on a steel and a filter glas gauge block resulted in deviations of the measured length in the range of 0.4 to 2.6 nm, which is in good agreement with measurement uncertainties. This proves the capability of absolute length measurement of the double-ended interferometer. Comparison measurements on silicon gauge blocks resulted in significantly shorter lengths than those measured in single-ended interferometers with a reproducible length difference of 4 nm for the different used wavelengths of 532 and 633nm. Those effects are presumably based on material and surface characteristics which seem to have a much stronger impact on the measured length when the sample is not wrung to a platen. Due to the large contribution of the roughness and the phase change on reflection to the measurement uncertainty, the full potential of the double ended interferometer will unfold for measurements on lengths changes, like measurement of the thermal expansion or long term stability of different materials, for which the influence of the roughness and phase change on reflection can be neglected.

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Hájková, Alena. "Návrh interní metodiky pro měření výrobků a dílů na přístroji CMM UPMC Zeiss na pracovišti ČMI Brno". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417433.

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This diploma thesis deals with the proposal of internal methodology for measurement of products and parts on CMM UPMC Zeiss at CMI Brno. The first part of this work analyzes the current state of knowledge in the field of accurate measurement on coordinate measuring machines (CMM), which includes the definition of basic metrological concepts, methodology for determining and expressing uncertainties of measurement and a general description of CMM. The diploma thesis also contains a detailed description of the UPMC 850 CARAT S-ACC device from the company Zeiss and summarizes the requirements for the testing laboratory in accordance with the standard ČSN EN 17 025: 2018. The next part of the work is focused on defining and determining the measurement uncertainties for this CMM and on developing a testing procedure for measurements on this machine. The final part of this thesis summarizes the achieved results and recommendations for practice.

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Masetti, Lucia. "Measurement of the K± -> p+p-e±v(-)e [K ± pi + pi - e + - (-) v e] form factors and of the pp [pi pi] scattering length a00". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981815189.

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Jung, Christian [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Klingenberg e Ian C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Brock. "Measurement of the mass of the top quark using the transverse decay length and lepton transverse momentum techniques / Christian Jung. Betreuer: Reiner Klingenberg. Gutachter: Ian C. Brock". Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1096507153/34.

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D'Agostini, Carla 1978. "Prematuridade e comprimento do colo do útero em gestantes com menos de dezesseis anos". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310399.

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Orientador: Lilia Freire Rodrigues de Souza Li
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:02:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D'Agostini_Carla_M.pdf: 700861 bytes, checksum: be95f4db81c48e93d19398a6f8e880c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O nascimento prematuro é a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal. Os estudos avaliando a influência da adolescência na prematuridade são controversos, principalmente em gestantes acima de 16 anos, que não costumam ter desfechos piores que as gestantes adultas. Um dos principais marcadores de risco para o nascimento prematuro em uso é a medida do comprimento do colo do útero por ultrassonografia transvaginal. Avaliar se as gestantes abaixo de 16 anos têm risco aumentado de prematuridade e se têm colos mais curtos é necessário, pois pode ajudar a delinear estratégias de seguimento ou intervenções baseadas no comprimento do colo como marcador de risco. Este estudo subdivide-se em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo trata-se de um artigo de revisão sistemática que objetiva verificar se as gestantes com menos de 16 anos têm um risco de prematuridade maior que as gestantes adultas. Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS nos últimos dez anos com: os descritores gravidez na adolescência e nascimento prematuro; os descritores gravidez na adolescência e trabalho de parto prematuro; o descritor gravidez na adolescência e a palavra-chave: prematuridade. Foram incluídos 14 estudos, sendo a maioria coortes retrospectivas. Sete destes estudos realizaram controle de possíveis vieses em suas análises estatísticas. Dez dos quatorze estudos avaliados demonstraram associação da idade inferior a 16 anos com nascimento prematuro, sendo que quatro destes tiveram um grande número de pacientes avaliadas com controle de vieses em suas análises (odds ratios variando de 1,5 a 1,7). Podemos concluir que a gestação abaixo de 16 anos está provavelmente associada a um risco inerente de prematuridade quando comparada à gestação adulta. Medidas de prevenção da gestação nesta faixa etária, bem como programas de assistência com o objetivo de minimizar o risco de prematuridade destas pacientes devem ser empregados. O segundo capítulo trata-se de um artigo original que tem por objetivo comparar o comprimento do colo do útero de primigestas menores de 16 anos com primigestas adultas, sendo um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico realizado em primigestas do sistema público de saúde do município de Blumenau (Brasil). Aferiram-se os colos uterinos de primigestas menores de 16 anos e adultas através de técnica previamente validada entre 21 e 24 semanas de idade gestacional. A média do comprimento do colo uterino foi comparada entre os grupos (teste de Mann-Whitney) e a associação da adolescência com colos abaixo de 25 mm foi avaliada (teste exato de Fisher). Oitenta pacientes foram avaliadas (40 adolescentes e 40 adultas). A média do comprimento do colo encontrada nas adolescentes foi de 28 ± 6,6 mm, significativamente menor do que nas adultas (33 ± 4,1 mm) (p <0,0001). A proporção de colos abaixo de 25 mm foi de 27,5% nas adolescentes e 7,5% nas adultas (p <0,02). Assim, conclui-se que as primigestas adolescentes jovens formam um grupo de pacientes com colos mais curtos do que as adultas e com maior proporção de colos menores que 25 mm, merecendo atenção especial na assistência pré-natal quanto ao risco de nascimento prematuro
Abstract: Premature birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Studies evaluating the influence of adolescence on prematurity are controversial, especially in pregnant women over 16 years who do not usually have worse outcomes than adult pregnants. The measurement of cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound is one of the main markers of risk for preterm birth. Assess whether women under 16 have an increased risk of prematurity and have shorter cervices is important to outline strategies for follow-up or intervention based on cervical length as a risk marker. This study has two articles. The first article aimed to verify whether pregnant women younger than sixteen years have a higher risk of prematurity than adult women. For this, we did a systematic review of studies comparing preterm birth in teenagers under 16 with adult pregnant women in the last ten years. Fourteen studies were included in the first article, mostly retrospective cohorts. Seven of these studies were accomplished with control of possible biases in its statistical analyses. Ten of the fourteen studies reviewed found an association of age below 16 years with premature birth, and four of these had a large number of patients evaluated, with control of possible biases in its statistical analyses (odds ratios ranging from 1.5 to 1.7). We conclude that pregnancy under 16 years old is probably associated with an inherent risk of preterm birth. Actions to prevent pregnancy in this age group should be employed, as well as specific assistance programs in order to minimize the risk of prematurity in these patients. The second article aimed to compare the length of the cervix in primigravidae under 16 years old with adult primigravidae. An analytical, observational and cross-sectional study was performed with primigravidae under 16 and adults in the public health system in the city of Blumenau (Brazil). Cervical measurements through transvaginal ultrasonography were performed by using a previously validated method, between 21 and 24 weeks of gestation to compare the mean cervical length (Mann-Whitney test) and the frequency of cervices below 25 mm among young adolescents and adult primigravidae (Fisher's exact test). The cervical lengths of 80 patients were measured (40 adolescents and 40 adults). The average length of the uterine cervix found in adolescents was of 28 + / - 6.6 mm and in adults 33 + / - 4.1 mm (p<0.0001) and the proportion of cervices below 25 mm were 27, 5% in adolescents and 7.5% in adults (p<0.02). We concluded that adolescent primigravidae under 16 have shorter cervices than adults, with a higher proportion of cervices shorter than 25 mm. This may be associated with increased risk of preterm delivery in those adolescents who need special attention in prenatal care
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestra em Ciências

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Noorkoiv, Marika. "Neuromuscular adaptations of joint angle-specific force change after isometric training". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/531.

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Increases in force production in response to isometric training typically occur at or around the joint angles adopted during the training, but the mechanisms underpinning this have not yet been fully elucidated. This PhD thesis project investigated the mechanisms underpinning joint angle-specific strength changes after isometric training, focussing on muscle region-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle fascicle length (Lf) and muscle activation adaptations. For this, the validity and reliability of a two-dimensional extended-field-of-view ultrasonography (EFOV) method for measuring muscle CSA (Study 1) and Lf (Study 2) were examined. Small standard errors of measurement (SEM) and high intra-class correlations (ICCs) were found for CSA measurements (0.6-1.2% and 0.95-0.99, respectively) at proximal and mid-thigh (30, 40 and 50% of the distance from the superior border of the patella to the medial aspect of anterior superior iliac spine) but not distal sections and CSA measurements were very similar to those obtained using computed tomography scanning. Small SEMs and high ICCs were also obtained for Lf measurements (0.8% and 0.95, respectively), and they were accurate when compared to directly-measured swine muscle fascicles. Nonetheless, because of the time required for EFOV CSA scanning and its unreliability for the distal quadriceps (despite a high ICC, the 95% CI of ICC at 20% section = -0.04-0.99), MRI was used for CSA measurement in the subsequent study. The third study aimed to examine joint angle-specific neuromuscular adaptations in response to isometric knee extension training at short (SL; !knee = 38.1 ± 3.7°) versus long (LL; !knee = 87.5 ± 6.0°) muscle lengths. Sixteen men trained three times a week for six weeks at a knee angle at which peak muscle force (i.e. quadriceps torque/moment arm) was 80% of the peak force obtained at the optimum joint angle. Clear joint angle specificity was seen in SL (force increased 13.4 ± 2.4% at 40°), which was associated with an increase in VL EMG around the training (40°; 26.4 ± 15.5%) and adjacent (50°; 22.5 ± 14.9%) angles, without a shift in the electrically evoked force-angle relationship or changes in muscle size. In contrast, increases in force in LL occurred at angles further from the training angle and varied between subjects. Also, muscle volume and CSA increased significantly and the changes in CSA of specific muscle regions were correlated with the changes in peak force produced at both 30° and at 100°. This occurred with small changes in vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscle EMG activity and no detectable change in coactivation, thus selective regional muscle hypertrophy was most associated with the direction of shift in the force-length relationship. A small (5.4 ± 1.4%) and similar increase in Lf was found in both groups, which was not associated with angle-specific force changes. The effect of isometric training on the concentric torque-velocity relationship was examined in Study 4 to determine whether the isometric training influenced dynamic force production. Isokinetic torque at seven velocities (30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300°"s-1) was assessed at weeks 0, 3 and 6. Torque increased only in LL, and only at slow angular velocities (30 - 120°"s-1). The change in torque correlated well with changes in VL, VM and RF CSA, although there was little relationship with Lf. There was no change in angle of peak isokinetic torque. These results reveal a different mechanism of joint angle–specific adaptation between training at short versus long muscle lengths; neural adaptations underpinned changes after training at short quadriceps lengths but muscular (hypertrophic) changes predominated after training at long lengths. Importantly, clear angle specificity was only observed after training at the short length, although muscle mass acquisition and improvements in dynamic muscle force production were elicited only after training at longer lengths. Thus, although specificity is reduced, greater functional benefit appears to be derived after training at longer lengths. Further research is required to determine why some individuals improved force production at shorter muscle lengths after training only at longer muscle lengths and whether such ‘nonspecificity’ can be predicted before training.

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Rocha, Elizabeth Matos. "Uso de instrumentos de mediÃÃo no estudo da grandeza comprimento a partir de sessÃes didÃticas". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=418.

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RESUMO O trabalho aborda o estudo da grandeza comprimento no ambiente real da sala de aula. De acordo com minhas pesquisas, autores como Miguel e Miorim (1986), Lima e Bellemain (2002) verificam posturas, por parte da comunidade escolar, que comprometem, seriamente, o ensino de Geometria, especialmente o das grandezas geomÃtricas. Dentre essas posturas, cito a Ãnfase nos conteÃdos voltados para a AritmÃtica, como problemas com as operaÃÃes fundamentais e fraÃÃes, enquanto os tÃpicos de Geometria sÃo abordados superficialmente. A partir dessa constataÃÃo, elaborei e apliquei sessÃes didÃticas cujo objetivo central consistiu em investigar o uso de instrumentos de mediÃÃo como suporte para a aprendizagem da grandeza comprimento. Os referenciais teÃricos norteadores do aspecto cognitivo estÃo vinculados aos processos de assimilaÃÃo e acomodaÃÃo de Piaget (1982), no processo de interaÃÃo social de Vygotsky (1994) e em elementos da EducaÃÃo MatemÃtica. A pesquisa Ã de natureza qualitativa, na abordagem de um estudo de caso (LÃDKE & ANDRÃ, 1986) e teve uma prÃtica pedagÃgica, por meio da intervenÃÃo de sessÃes didÃticas, com alunos, na faixa etÃria de 11 a 15 anos, de uma escola pÃblica municipal de Fortaleza. Como resultado, confirma-se que o trabalho, com instrumentos de mediÃÃo, desenvolvido com os alunos se mostrou um recurso eficiente para o aumento do conhecimento do assunto proposto. Espero que a evidÃncia deste fato possa ajudar a desconstruir o mau hÃbito, por parte do sistema escolar, da abordagem do estudo das grandezas, com os alunos, tomando como recurso didÃtico, somente o livro texto adotado.
ABSTRACT This work approaches a study of âlargeness lengthâ in a real environment of a classroom. According to my researches, authors such as Miguel and Miorim (1986), Duarte (2002), Lima e Bellemain (2002) verify some postures from the school community, which seriously compromise the Geometry teaching, especially in the study field of geometry largeness. Among these postures, I can cite the emphasis given to the contents directed toward to Arithmetic, such as basic Math operations and fractions, while some Geometry topics are superficially approached. From this evidence, I applied and elaborated didactic sessions which the central objective consisted of investigating the use of measurement instruments as a support for the learning of âlargeness lengthâ. The theoretical references that give direction to the cognitive aspect are tied with the Piagetâs assimilation and accommodation processes (1982), in the social interaction process of Vygotsky (1994) and also tied with some Math education elements. This research is of qualitative nature, and in its approach of study of case (LÃDKE & ANDRÃ, 1986) it had a pedagogical practice, through didactic intervention sessions with some students, ages from 11 to 15, in a public school of FortalezaÂs city. As a result, it was confirmed that the work using measurement instruments with students has showed itself as a very efficient resource for the knowledge growth of the considered subject. I hope the evidence of this fact, helps in the destruction of a bad habit created by the school system regarding the approach given to the Math study field âGeometry largenessâ, and not to make students use the adopted textbook as the only didactic resource anymore. Key-Words: largeness length, didactic sessions, instruments of measurement.

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Šrámek, Jan. "Stanovení přesnosti měření v nanometrologii". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409079.

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The presented doctoral thesis deals with measurements of extremely small sizes in nanometrology using a touch probe, which constitutes a part of a three-coordinate measuring system. It addresses a newly developed method of exact measurements in nanometrology by touch probes. The aim of this work was to expand the measurement options of this device and design a methodology proposal for the measurement of small parts, including the determination of accuracy of measurement of this device when used in nanometrology. The work includes the new methodology for the calculation of uncertainty of measurement, which constitutes a keystone in determining the accuracy of measurement of a accuracy three coordinate measuring system (hereinafter only nano-CMM). The first part of the doctoral thesis analyzes the present situation in the area of evaluation of accuracy of measurement in very accurate length measurements. It defines and describes individual methods implemented in the determination of accuracy of measurement on the instrument nano-CMM. A great emphasis is placed on the methodology of the measurement uncertainty, which draws from the author’s experience as a metrologist working in the laboratories of the Department of Primary nanometrology and technical length, Czech Metrology Institute Brno (hereinafter only CMI Brno). The second part of the doctoral thesis focuses on the determination of accuracy of length measurement in nanometrology, using a large set of measurements that were carried out under the reproducibility and repeatability conditions. There is also described and tested a model procedure utilizing the Monte Carlo method to simulate the measuring system nano-CMM in order to extent the newly created methodology of the measurement of uncertainty using a touch probe on the instrument nano-CMM. A substantial part of this doctoral thesis provides a detailed evaluation of results obtained from experiments that were executed under the repeatability and reproducibility conditions, especially for the purposes of the determination of the uncertainty of measurement. In this doctoral thesis, the uncertainty of measurement is chosen to quantify the accuracy of measurement of the instrument nano-CMM. The final part of this thesis summarizes the knowledge obtained during the scientific research and provides its evaluation. For the methodology used to determine the accuracy of measurement in nanometrology, it also outlines the future development in the area of scientific research, including the practical use in metrological traceability and extremely accurate measurements for customers. Furthermore, it deals with the possible use of other scanning systems compatible with the instrument nano-CMM.

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Tan, Sisman Gulcin. "Sixth Grade Students". Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612004/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate sixth grade students&rsquo
conceptual and procedural knowledge and word problem solving skills in the domain of length, area, and volume measurement with respect to gender, previous mathematics achievement, and use of materials. Through the Conceptual Knowledge test (CKT), the Procedural Knowledge Test (PKT), and the Word Problems test (WPT) and the Student Questionnaire, the data were collected from 445 sixth grade students attending public schools located in four different main districts of Ankara. Both descriptive and inferential statistics techniques (MANOVA) were used for the data analysis. The results indicated that the students performed relatively poor in each test. The lowest mean scores were observed in the WPT, then CKT, and PKT respectively. The questions involving length measurement had higher mean scores than area and volume measurement questions in all tests. Additionally, the results highlighted a significant relationship not only between the tests but also between the domains of measurement with a strong and positive correlation. According to the findings, whereas the overall performances of students on the tests significantly differed according to previous mathematics achievement level, gender did not affect the students&rsquo
performance on the tests. Moreover, a wide range of mistakes were found from students&rsquo
written responses to the length, area, and volume questions in the tests. Besides, the results indicated that use of materials in teaching and learning measurement was quite seldom and either low or non-significant relationship between the use of materials and the students&rsquo
performance was observed.

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Fulová, Silvia. "Stanovení nejistoty měření optického měřicí stroje pomocí laserinterferometru". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443250.

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This final thesis is dealing with stating uncertainty of optical measuring device Micro-Vu Sol 311, which is located at Faculty of mechanical engineering in Brno. Overview of coordinate measuring machines (CMM for short) and analyzed present status of optical CMM is in summation. This part also includes basic metrology concepts and methodology of determination of uncertainty of measuring instrument. Content of following parts of thesis is detailed description of Micro-Vu SOL 311 machine and etalons that were used in determination of enhanced uncertainty of measurement such as gage blocks, laser interferometer and glass scale. Last part of this thesis includes summary of achieved results and recommendations for practice.

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Tesi sul tema "Length measurement"

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