Tesi: "Leisure time physical activity"

1

Junttila, H. (Hanna). "Personal economic success and leisure time physical activity". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201711293190.

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There is strong scientific evidence that high level of physical activity enhances human health and well-being as well as the economy of the society. It is very important to understand the underlying factors affecting the individuals’ exercise decisions to be able to design effective mechanisms, interventions and incentives to increase daily physical activity. This empirical study examines the relationship between personal economic success, i.e. self-reported annual income and assets, and leisure time physical activity by using modified physical activity index, mPAI, self-reported frequencies of participation in light and brisk exercise and self-reported time used for light and brisk exercise. The study population consists of Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort members aged of 45–46 years (N = 7071, 3267 men, 3804 women). Ordinary least squares models are used to evaluate the associations between personal economic success and leisure time physical activity. The results indicate that individuals with higher income and assets seem to have higher physical activity, and women with highest and men with 2nd highest quartile of assets seem to use more time in brisk physical activity than others, but after adjusting with potential confounding factors higher self-reported income associates with higher physical activity measured by modified physical activity index, mPAI, in men (p=0.04), higher self-reported assets associates negatively with time used in light physical activity in men (p=0.008) and positively with frequency of brisk physical activity (p=0.04) and time spent in brisk physical activity (p=0.048) in women. Although the results demonstrate an association between income, assets and some physical activity outcomes, in overall, the magnitude of personal economic success in predicting physical activity is relatively modest (R2 = 0.004–0.15). Personal economic factors seem to have an important role in physical activity decisions. According to this study the impact of income and assets to physical activity seems to be gender specific. These underlying personal economic factors affecting the individuals’ exercise decisions need to be noted in aiming to design effective mechanisms and interventions for health promotion by increasing daily physical activity.

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2

Inchley, Joanna Catherine. "Determinants of leisure-time physical activity among early adolescents". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24734.

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A physically active lifestyle is now recognised as an essential component of healthy living. As well as longer term health gains, physical activity during childhood promotes optimal growth and development, helps prevent overweight and obesity, protects against risk factors for cardiovascular disease and enhances psychological wellbeing. However, evidence suggests that many young people are not sufficiently active to benefit their health. In order to inform the development of effective interventions, there is a need to understand the factors which influence physical activity participation among young people in Scotland. The aim of this study was to investigate modifiable determinants of physical activity among early adolescents during the period of transition from primary to secondary school. Drawing on a multidisciplinary perspective, within a socio-ecological framework, the relative influence of psychological, social and environmental factors was examined. Data were collected longitudinally as part of the Physical Activity in Scottish Schoolchildren (PASS) study. In total, 1099 children who completed a questionnaire in both Primary 7 (age 11 years) and Secondary 2 (age 13 years) were included. The results show that boys were significantly more active, reported more favourable psychological profiles and had greater support from fathers and peers for being active, than girls. A range of psychological, social and environmental variables were significantly associated with physical activity, of which psychological factors accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in behaviour. Intention to be active was the most consistent predictor of physical activity across age and gender groups. Combined psycho-social-environmental models explained around two-fifths of the variance in physical activity among boys and around a third of the variance among girls. Physical activity participation in P7 was predictive of participation in S2, indicating that early involvement increases the likelihood that young people will continue to be active as they get older. The results support the need for integrated, multifaceted approaches to physical activity promotion among the early adolescent population in Scotland, addressing influences at the individual and supra-individual level. Age and gender were moderators of physical activity behaviour, demonstrating the importance of understanding gender-specific determinants within a developmental context.

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3

Sperry, Mary Dawn. "The Effect of Leisure-Based Screen Time on Physical Activity". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd974.pdf.

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4

Mowad, Laura Marie. "Evaluation of a high school leisure time physical activity curriculum". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196185969.

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5

DiCello, Victoria L. "WILL USING THE WALKSTATION TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT THE WORKPLACE DECREASE LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281024868.

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6

Fullmer, Matthew Osden. "Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Time Physical Activity Record". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5693.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between keeping a daily leisure-time physical activity record and adolescent (a) feelings of competence toward leisure-time physical activity, (b) motivational profiles toward leisure-time physical activity, and (c) leisure-time physical activity behaviors. Participants were 124 junior high and high school physical education (PE) students. Students completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, the Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Perceived Competence Scale, and were assigned to keep an online leisure-time physical activity record for three weeks as part of their regular PE class. A 2 (gender) x 4 (trials) repeated measures ANCOVA was used to examine the relationships between recording compliance and the variables of perceived competence, motivation, and physical activity. Results showed a significant interaction between recording compliance and leisure-time physical activity. As students kept the leisure-time physical activity record, boys' leisure-time physical activity levels significantly increased and girls' leisure-time physical activity levels significantly decreased. Also, a significant interaction between recording compliance and introjected regulation was found. The more students recorded the less motivated they were by guilt and obligation to exercise in their leisure time. Lastly a significant interaction was found between recording compliance and intrinsic regulation, showing that the more students recorded the more intrinsically motivated they were to exercise in their leisure time. Implications and suggestions are set forth for PE professionals.

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7

Wilson, Alexandra Harris. "The role of relational efficacy beliefs on adolescent's leisure time physical activity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43698.

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Parents are critical social determinants of the health-related behaviours of adolescents. The foundation that parents provide for a healthy lifestyle is particularly important as those lifestyle choices (e.g., physical activity) become under self-regulatory control during adolescence. The overall purpose of this study was to apply the tripartite model of relational efficacy (Lent & Lopez, 2002) to better understand the extent to which adolescents’ (aged 11-13) perceptions of the family environment predict adolescent leisure time physical activity. Specifically, this study examined how adolescents’ confidence in their parents’ (other-efficacy), adolescents estimation of their parents’ confidence in them (relation-inferred self-efficacy), and adolescents outcome expectations associated with physical activity involvement predict their subsequent involvement in physical activity during their leisure time. Four hundred and two grade 7 students from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia completed a questionnaire at two time points (April and June 2012) to assess the above variables. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between adolescents’ relational efficacy beliefs towards their parents with leisure time physical activity among adolescents. Structural equation modeling was used to examine model fit to test the different study hypotheses. Results revealed a just identified model that demonstrated that adolescents’ confidence in their fathers’ ability to help them be active was predictive of leisure time physical activity. The results from this research provide greater insights into the predictive effects of parents in relation to young adolescents at a time when physical activity becomes increasingly under voluntary control.

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8

Brinker, Jeffrey Scott. "Academic incentives impact on increasing seventh -graders physical activity during leisure time". ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/647.

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Recent research clearly demonstrates that a decrease of physical activity has occurred among young people. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of external motivation on physical activity. Drawn from self-determination theory, the specific research question examined if academic incentives effectively motivated 7th grade students to participate in a 3-week fitness program. A quasi-experimental pre-post design examined treatment and control groups drawn from a sample of 24 students from three physical education classes. The treatment group received academic incentives whereas the control group received no external incentives but were asked to complete the same fitness Program. Independent-sample t-test of the physical activity section of the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey (YRBS) revealed no group differences on the posttest. Dependent-sample tests indicated little pretest-posttest change in YRBS scores, leading to the conclusion the academic incentive had no major effect on students' motivation to be physically active outside the school environment. This research contributes to positive social change by provided additional insight into what motivates or does not motivate 7th graders to be physically active.

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9

Hortz, Brian Vincent. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory based physical activity intervention targeting leisure time physical exercise". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123087047.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 339 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-315). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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10

Chatzisarantis, Nikolaos. "A self determination theory approach to the study of physical activity intentions". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324531.

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11

Harris, Tamiera S. "Leisure Time Physical Activities of Older Adults in Senior Housing". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5199.

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Increasing physical activity levels of older adults is a public health priority given the associated risks with sedentary lifestyles. Exercise such as walking may positively affect older adults as they age decreasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, or death. The purpose of this study was to examine physical activities of older adults in senior housing and to determine if age correlates with the amount of physical activity. Physical activity studies on older adults are limited due to time and resources. The health belief model and transtheoretical model frames this study theorizing that older adults will take positive steps towards achieving recommended physical activities based on their perceived threats and benefits. A correlational research design provided systematic information about physical activities of older adults in senior housing and aided in determining if age relates to the amount of physical activity. The study used a convenience sampling of 62 older adults in senior housing and data collected from the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. The make-up of the sample included 36 females and 26 males aged 65 to 84 years old. The age of older adults in a senior housing community is not related to the amount of physical activity completed per week. The results of the descriptive analyses show that 53% of older adults in senior housing are not meeting physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. However, this is not statistically significant since all p-values for physical activity are greater than .05% level of significance at .776. Additional services such as providing leisure activity support to older adults through peer monitoring or adequate recreational facilities in the community can aid in helping older adults achieve physical activity recommendations.

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12

Annear, M. J. ""They're not including us!" : neighbourhood deprivation and older adults' leisure time physical activity participation". Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/468.

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Population ageing and the tendency for older adults to have poorer health status than younger adults have raised concerns about potential increases in the number of elderly suffering disease and disability. Significantly, many health problems experienced in later life are associated with the onset of a more sedentary lifestyle. Increasing older adults' participation in leisure time physical activity (henceforth LTPA) offers an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of preventable morbidity in later life and offset a potential burden of ageing on the public health sector. As a forerunner to the development of strategies to increase older adults' LTPA participation, researchers have investigated the intrapersonal, interpersonal and, to a lesser extent, environmental influences on this health behaviour. Recent findings from studies of the adult population have suggested that neighbourhood deprivation, a measure of the socioeconomic conditions of small areas, may significantly influence LTPA participation. Extending previous findings, this research investigated how neighbourhood deprivation influenced older adults' LTPA participation. A total of 63 older adults were recruited from high- and low-deprivation neighbourhoods in Christchurch, New Zealand. Neighbourhoods were selected because of their relative positions on the New Zealand Deprivation Index and were characterised by the researcher as "East-town", a neighbourhood of high deprivation, and "West-town", a neighbourhood of low deprivation. The research incorporated a cross-sectional, comparative and mixed-methods approach. The methods of enquiry employed in this research included a recall survey, Q method, and semi-structured interviewing. Each method addressed a different aspect of the primary research question and provided data that was used in the creation of an integrated model depicting the influence of neighbourhood deprivation on older adults' LTPA participation. The results derived from the three research methods showed that older adults from the low-deprivation neighbourhood of West-town participated in LTPA more frequently than older adults from the high-deprivation neighbourhood of East-town. East-town was identified as having many physical and social environmental constraints to LTPA and comparatively few facilitators. Alternatively, West-town was found to have many physical and social environmental facilitators to LTPA and relatively few constraints. Neighbourhood attributes which appeared to influence older adults' LTPA participation included appropriateness of leisure provision, neighbourhood attractiveness, walkability, traffic, and perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour. One implication of this research is that environmental interventions should be considered in attempts to engage older adults in LTPA for health purposes, particularly in high-deprivation neighbourhoods.

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13

Elhakeem, A. I. "Socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life and leisure-time physical activity across adulthood". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1563581/.

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Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) benefits heath therefore, it is important to understand which factors might influence LTPA. Studies link early life factors with adult health and behaviours but their associations, particularly developmental factors, with LTPA are unclear. Further, examining if associations found change with age may shed light on underlying mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was to examine associations of socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life with LTPA across adulthood. Published studies were systematically reviewed to examine associations between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult LTPA. Remaining objectives were addressed using data from up to 3545 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Prospectively collected data from early life used in analyses were birth weight, infant motor milestones, ability at school games, upper and lower limb motor coordination and pubertal development. LTPA was self-reported five times between ages 36 and 68. Associations were examined using standard and mixed-effects binary and multinomial logistic regression. Age by early life factor interactions tested if associations varied by age at assessment of LTPA. Among 36 published studies identified, lower childhood SEP (most commonly indicated by parental occupation and education) was associated with less LTPA in adulthood (particularly among women and in UK cohorts) but there was considerable heterogeneity between studies. In the NSHD, low birth weight, lower ability at games and slower tapping speed in adolescence were associated with lower likelihood of participation in LTPA across adulthood and these associations did not vary by age. There was some suggestion that early maturing boys and later maturing girls were more likely to participate in LTPA in adulthood but this evidence was weak. Socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life were associated with LTPA across adulthood. The main implications of these findings are that those with low birth weight, less motor competence and lower SEP may require additional support to take up and maintain LTPA across adulthood.

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14

Craike, Melinda Jane, e n/a. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060810.154920.

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Abstract (sommario):

Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.

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15

Craike, Melinda Jane. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366174.

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Abstract (sommario):

Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
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16

Woo, Chuen-hau Alexander. "Association of physical activity during leisure time and pain at the lower back and neck". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971374.

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17

Keats, Melanie R. "Relationship between leisure time physical activity and psychosocial well-being in adolescents following cancer diagnosis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40067.pdf.

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18

Crenshaw, Jerry Phillip. "THE MOTIVATIONAL READINESS TO CHANGE LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR OF MISSISSIPPI COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS". MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03192007-144651/.

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The stages of motivational readiness to change leisure time physical activity behavior of students from two Mississippi community colleges were investigated. The Stages of Motivational Readiness to Change (SMRC) model postulates that behavior change is a longitudinal process described by five stages that assess an individual?s motivational level relative to changing leisure time physical activity behavior. That is, individuals are positioned in one of the following five stages at any given point in time: (a) precontemplation (i.e., no intention to change); (b) contemplation (i.e., considering a change); (c) preparation (i.e., small changes already made toward an ultimate behavior goal); (d) action (i.e., a desired behavior has been adopted); or (e) maintenance (i.e., working to prevent a relapse). The Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire (PASQ) was used for data collection in this study. The results revealed 35% were completely sedentary (precontemplation, contemplation) and 64.9% were participating in occasional or regular leisure time physical activity (preparation, action, maintenance). To examine the dependency of stage position upon ethnicity, gender, age, and income, the chi-square test of independence was performed. Findings indicated stage position to be independent of ethnicity, but dependent upon the remaining independent variables. This study?s conclusions indicated that stage-matched interventions are necessary to increase and maintain individual leisure time physical activity behavior.

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胡存孝 e Chuen-hau Alexander Woo. "Association of physical activity during leisure time and pain at the lower back and neck". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971374.

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Wong, Ho-yuen Francisco, e 黃浩源. "Leisure-time physical activity and mortality in a retrospective cohortof Chinese elderly in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724281.

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Beutel, Anita. "The relationship between leisure time physical activity and health-related fitness : a single-blinded study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3003.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Mature adults are at risk of an accelerated age-related reduction in physical function. Declines in aerobic power, functional strength, motor abilities, flexibility and health-related quality of life are thought to be primarily due to reduced physical activity levels with increasing age. Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has been extensively investigated and is widely advocated for the preservation of function with ageing. However there is a lack of evidence regarding the relationship between LTPA and the individual components of health-related fitness, particularly motor abilities. It is therefore unclear what types of LTPA (endurance, neuromuscular LTPA or games) should be prescribed by health professionals for the development of health-related fitness parameters. Aim: To examine the relationship between LTPA and components of health-related fitness in healthy mature adults. Specific Objectives: (a) To describe the preferred mode(s) and weekly duration of recent LTPA in currently active male and female participants. (b) To describe the preferred mode(s) and years of participation in long term LTPA, in currently active and inactive male and female participants. (c) To determine if there were significant differences in anthropometry and selected health-related fitness components, in currently active and inactive male and female participants. (d) To determine the relationships between recent participation in different types of LTPA (endurance, neuromuscular or games) and total weekly duration of LTPA; and anthropometry and selected components of health related fitness in currently active male and female participants. (e) To determine the relationships between former participation in different types of LTPA (endurance, neuromuscular or games) and years of LTPA participation; and anthropometry and selected components of health-related fitness in currently active and inactive male and female participants. Methods: This study had a descriptive, correlational design. Healthy adults aged between 40 and 60 who either participated in regular LTPA or no LTPA, were recruited for the study. Participants were excluded if they had any acute or chronic injuries; or used any medication that altered heart rate or physical function. Fifty six healthy mature adults between the ages of 40 and 58 years participated in this study. Twenty nine had participated in at least 30 minutes of LTPA, three times per week in the last three months (active group); and twenty seven had not participated in LTPA in the last three months (inactive group). Data were collected in two sessions. In session one, participants gave written informed consent; completed a physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) to screen for safe exercise participation; and completed health-related quality of life and LTPA questionnaires. Body composition measurements were also performed. In session two, participants completed a battery of physical tests conducted by a blinded assessor, including: cardiorespiratory fitness (2 km walk test); static and dynamic balance (standing on one leg, tandem walking backwards); agility (Illinois agility test); co-ordination (timed bouncing of a ball along a wall from a fixed distance); upper limb function (modified push-up test); lower limb function (vertical jump test); back muscle endurance (static back extension test); and flexibility (sit-and-reach test).Results: Recently active participants had significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.04), body fat percentage (p = 0.003) and sum of seven skinfold (p = 0.004) measurements, compared to inactive participants. In addition, active participants scored significantly better in the tests for cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.0004) and upper limb function (p = 0.01) than inactive participants. Active females had significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.0002) and agility (p = 0.0004) compared to inactive females. Of the health-related fitness components, only cardiorespiratory fitness and back muscle endurance were related to recent LTPA participation. Motor abilities such as agility and dynamic balance, upper- and lower limb function were associated with long term rather than recent LTPA, particularly with long term endurance, games and years of long term LTPA participation. Discussion and conclusion: Active participants had significantly improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper limb function compared to inactive participants in this study. These results support previous research suggesting that regular participation in LTPA may help to slow the age-associated decline in physical function. However no significant differences were found in motor abilities between recently active and inactive participants, and no significant relationships were found between recent LTPA participation and motor abilities. Based on the findings in this study, long term LTPA and participation in games are advised for the development of motor abilities and functional strength, in healthy mature adults. As this study sample reported mainly endurance LTPA recently and on the long term, future research should aim to explore the independent contributions of different types of LTPA (endurance, neuromuscular or games) on aspects of health related fitness. Such information may be very useful clinically to improve the accuracy of exercise prescription. There is also a need to further evaluate the relationship between long-term LTPA and health-related fitness in a larger sample of mature adults.

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Suau, Luis J. "The influence of perception of crime on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in Hispanic communities". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024276.

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Kobrosly, Samer. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Physical Activity among Adult Arab Immigrants in Edmonton, Alberta". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7685.

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Little is known about leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) habits of Arab immigrants in Canada. Leisure-time physical activity has been linked to decreased risks for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes mortality and increased life expectancy. Socioeconomic status has been recognized as a significant factor affecting health and wellbeing due to its impact on individuals’ attitudes, experiences, and exposure to several risk factors. The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to explore the levels of participation in LTPA among adult Arab immigrants in central Alberta, Canada, to examine the socioeconomic determinants of LTPA, and to investigate which individual, social, and environmental factors contribute to LTPA participation. Electronic surveys were used to collect data from a sample of 376 adults. The socioecological model and systems theory were used as the theoretical foundations to guide this research. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS. Around 40% of participants were physically active. As participants attained higher degrees, earned more money, and had occupations requiring less physical effort, their levels of LTPA increased. The social conditions in which the participants live also affected their levels of LTPA. Being more familiar with the health benefits and having fewer barriers to exercise predicted an increase in LTPA, whereas higher self-efficacy seemed to predict a decrease in LTPA. Family and friends’ support for exercise increased the levels of LTPA of participants. And finally, more environmental support for exercise predicted a decrease in LTPA levels among participants. Findings from this research have the potential to design and implement targeted LTPA recommendations and interventions for Arab immigrants.

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Pearce, Matthew. "Combining measurement tools to understand the context of children's indoor and outdoor leisure-time physical activity". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20408.

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This aim of this thesis evolved following a review of the literature investigating the factors which influence children’s participation in outdoor play. The review was conducted in light of theory recommending that when seeking to promote physical activity, considering context-specific behaviours and behaviour-specific determinants can enhance the effectiveness of interventions. An initial focus on outdoor play was warranted given the capacity for promotion of physical activity during leisure-time, concerns that children’s independent time outdoors is becoming increasingly restricted, and limited research focus on this domain of physical activity. The synthesised quantitative and qualitative evidence indicated that independent mobility, parental perceptions of safety and the availability of other children to play with were important factors related to outdoor play. However, the review also demonstrated that current understanding of how, where and with whom children spend their leisure-time is limited, and that traditional notions of children’s outdoor time may need to be re-evaluated. These deficiencies were in part due to the complexity of defining and measuring children’s outdoor play. The contributions of different indoor and outdoor leisure-time contexts towards total daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was identified as a particular knowledge gap. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop greater understanding of the indoor and outdoor contexts of children’s leisure-time physical activity. A novel approach to context-specific physical activity research was devised. This method incorporated use of accelerometry to record physical activity intensity with high resolution, Global Positions System (GPS) receivers to automatically record indoor or outdoor location, and diary data to provide complementary contextual detail. Rather than utilise a domain label such as outdoor play, this method sought to combine measurement tools to not only objectively record physical activity intensity, but also build a picture of the context of this activity using combinations of contextual attributes. Children at the transition between primary and secondary school were the focus of the research due to the changes in independence which occur at approximately this age (10-13 years). The research consisted of three studies presented across three chapters. Chapter Five used data collected between 2006 and 2008 from children aged 10–11 years from Bristol involved in the Personal and Environmental Associations with Children's Health (PEACH) project. Given the association of outdoor play with independent mobility and the availability of other children, the chapter quantified who children spent their time with when indoors or outdoors after school, and measured associations with MVPA. Using a newer GPS receiver, Chapter Six aimed to assess the feasibility of using GPS data to differentiate indoor and outdoor location, and establish a cut-point for use in free-living individuals. Chapter Seven then used this GPS method in combination with accelerometry and diary data provided by children aged 11-13 years from Edinburgh. Owing to concerns that children’s unstructured outdoor time is restricted by parents in favour of adult organised sport and clubs, the chapter aimed to record the profile of children’s physical activity. This was achieved by recording whether indoor and outdoor leisure-time physical activity was structured or unstructured, and exploring relationships between periods spent in these contexts and total daily MVPA. Chapter Six demonstrated that using the signal-to-noise ratio from GPS data is an accurate tool for differentiating indoor and outdoor location, with 96.8% of all ten-second epochs correctly classified. Together the findings of Chapters Five and Seven suggest that children obtain their physical activity in multiple contexts and that no single context appears to fulfil the recommendation of 60 minutes of MVPA per day. Chapter Five showed that children spent most of the after school period with parents or alone, especially when indoors. However when participants were outdoors with other children, multivariate regression analyses indicated that these periods were most strongly associated with MVPA. Complementing these findings, Chapter Seven revealed that in a relatively active and affluent sample, participants accumulated most of their MVPA in school-time or unstructured leisure-time contexts (both indoors and outdoors). The results revealed that these active children spent more than one hour in unstructured outdoor leisure-time contexts each day. However, associations with MVPA were weaker than expected, and whilst being outdoors was favourable compared to being indoors, it was apparent that there is scope to maximise MVPA further when children are outdoors. The median contributions of structured leisure-time contexts to daily MVPA were minimal regardless of indoor or outdoor location. Deconstructing leisure-time according to contextual attributes recorded by a combination of measurement tools proved to be an informative approach for understanding variation in children’s MVPA. Taken together the findings of the thesis indicate potential for leisure-time to contribute greater volumes of MVPA. The results emphasise the importance of children being outdoors, the value of unstructured forms of physical activity and the necessity for children to spend time with their peers. It is clear from these studies that indoor time is also a vital source of MVPA. The work presented in this thesis makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of how children spend their leisure-time and how this relates to physical activity. Further research is required to explore the many other contextual attributes of children’s leisure-time, so that indoor and outdoor environments can be manipulated as part of multi-component interventions that promote physical activity as effectively as possible.

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Wong, Ho-yuen Francisco. "Leisure-time physical activity and mortality in a retrospective cohort of Chinese elderly in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724281.

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Maciulevičienė, Edita. "Changes in the position of Kaunas city middle-aged population regarding their leisure time physical activity". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130522_082355-83549.

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In European countries, people, whatever the socio-economic group or nationality they belong to, men or women, the young or the elderly without distinction, should be guaranteed the right to health as well as its promotion and support measures (Javtokas, 2009). Personal health promotion reflects the general idea stating that in order to enhance health it is necessary to change the way of life (Tones, Tilford, 1994; Donev et al., 2007). In this era of radical modernity related to the increased personal anxiety and uncertainty, there appear new alternative ways to enhance a person’s health: taking a variety of medications, trying different diets, engaging in traditional and non-traditional forms and ways of physical education (Cavill et al., 2006). In turn, physical education specialists and health educators bring out the importance of exercise encouraging a person to understand the social value and significance of their health promotion and physical development (Schneider and Becker, 2005; Netz et al., 2005). It is widely recognized that a major health risk factor associated with a person’s lifestyle, is low physical activity, the importance of which for human health has been shown in numerous scientific studies. They have emphasized the positive interface between active leisure time physical activity and a range of health indicators (Kalėdienė et al., 1999; Domarkienė, 2000; Borodulin, 2006; Kallings, 2008; Klumbienė, 2008, Gill et al., 2010; Weiler et al., 2010). The... [to full text]
Visuotinai pripažįstama, kad esminis sveikatos rizikos veiksnys, susijęs su asmens gyvensena, yra mažas fizinis aktyvumas, kurio svarba žmogaus sveikatai yra įrodyta daugelyje mokslinių studijų. Jose pabrėžiama pozityvi aktyvios fizinės veiklos laisvalaikiu sąsaja su įvairiais sveikatos rodikliais (Kalėdienė ir kt., 1999; Domarkienė, 2000; Borodulin, 2006; Kallings, 2008; Klumbienė, 2008; Gill et al., 2010; Weiler et al., 2010). Nekelia abejonių faktas, kad dažnai deklaruojama sveikatos stiprinimo idėja yra tiesiogiai susijusi su gyvensenos ypatumais, kuriuos lemia tiek atskiro individo požiūris į savo sveikatą, tiek įvairūs išoriniai veiksniai, visų pirma gyvenimo sąlygos. Savaime suprantama, daugiausia dėmesio stiprinant žmonių sveikatą turėtų būti skiriama įvairiose sveikatos ugdymo (sveikatinimo) programose. Šių programų pagrindinis tikslas turėtų būti asmens elgesio keitimas panaudojant žiniasklaidos ir individualaus poveikio priemones (Van der Bij et al., 2002; Rise, 2004; Roux et al., 2008). Reiškiama nuomonė, kad supažindinus gyventojus su aktyvaus gyvenimo būdo principais, propaguojant ir skatinant pastovų jų realizavimą, tobulinant fizinę parengtį, pagerėtų ir žmonių gyvenimo kokybė (Aхвердова, Maгин, 2002; Taylor et al., 2002; Netz et al., 2005; Kallings, 2008; Miller, Miller, 2010). Kita vertus, kada kalbama apie fizinį aktyvumą laisvalaikiu kaip apie asmens visapusiškos gerovės sąlygą bei ligų profilaktikos veiksnį labiau akcentuojama jo reikšmė vaikystės ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Haegele, Justin. "The Effects of a Theory Based Physical Education Intervention on the Leisure-Time Physical Activity of Adolescents with Visual Impairments". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429085562.

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28

São-João, Thaís Moreira 1981. "Atividade física na afecção cardiovascular = adaptação cultural e desempenho psicométrico da versão brasileira do Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire - GSLTPAQ = Physical activity among cardiovascular disease outptients : cultural adaptation and psychometric performance of the brazilian version of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire - GSLTPAQ". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308458.

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Orientador: Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Contém um artigo em inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spana_ThaisMoreira_D.pdf: 1820873 bytes, checksum: 4779445e49518290e5e7709beb06a228 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo disponibilizar uma versão do Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e testar suas propriedades de medida quando aplicado em pacientes com doença arterial coronária e hipertensão arterial e em indivíduos saudáveis. Foi realizado o processo de adaptação cultural e para assegurar sua qualidade, foram seguidas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente - tradução, síntese, retro-tradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste; seguidos pela avaliação da praticabilidade, aceitabilidade, confiabilidade e validade. Foram aplicados instrumentos para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, previamente submetidos à validação de conteúdo. A amostra foi composta por 236 sujeitos, sendo 100 hipertensos, 100 indivíduos saudáveis e 36 coronariopatas. A praticabilidade do GSLTPAQ foi avaliada pelo tempo despendido na entrevista e a aceitabilidade pelo percentual de itens não respondidos e pela proporção de pacientes que responderam a todos os itens. Foi estimada a confiabilidade quanto à estabilidade da medida (teste-reteste com uso do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse - ICC). A validade convergente foi testada por meio das relações entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e os escores da versão brasileira do Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke (Baecke-AFH - domínios Exercício Físico no Lazer - EFL e Atividades de Lazer e Locomoção - ALL) e do Questionário para identificação dos fatores psicossociais determinantes do comportamento de atividade física em coronariopatas (Q-CAF). A validade divergente foi testada por meio da ausência de relação entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e o escore do domínio Atividades Físicas Ocupacionais (AFO) do Baecke-AFH. A validade de critério concorrente foi testada por meio da relação entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e escore da versão brasileira do Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), bem como com o consumo de máximo de oxigênio direto (VO2pico) e predito (VO2pred). Foram calculados coeficientes de correlação parcial com intervalo de confiança de 95% (ajustado para sexo, idade, escolaridade, IMC e presença ou não de afecção cardiovascular) para testar os três tipos de validade. Quanto à praticabilidade, foi observado curto tempo de aplicação do instrumento (3,0 minutos). Quanto à aceitabilidade, os participantes responderam à totalidade dos itens. A análise do teste-reteste sugere confiabilidade quanto à estabilidade temporal do instrumento (ICC=0,84). Os resultados apoiam as hipóteses previamente estabelecidas. A validade convergente foi apoiada pela existência de correlações significativas entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e os escores EFL (r=0,62; p<0,001) e ALL (r=0,16; p<0,05) do Baecke-AFH e o escore do QCAF (r=0,62; p<0,001). A validade divergente foi confirmada pela ausência de correlações significativas entre o escore do escore do GSLTPAQ e o escore do domínio AFO do Baecke-AFH (r=0,02; p=0,73). A validade concorrente foi apoiada pela existência de correlações significativas entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e as medidas de aptidão cardiorrespiratória - VO2pred (r=0,15; p<0,05) e VSAQ (r=0,23; p<0,01). As análises sugerem que o GSLTPAQ apresenta propriedades de medida aceitáveis. Este estudo disponibiliza para a comunidade científica um instrumento com evidências de confiabilidade e validade para avaliação da atividade física de lazer na população brasileira, que poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta de avaliação da efetividade de estudos de intervenção para promover ou incrementar níveis de atividade física, bem como para avaliar resultados de programas de reabilitação cardiovascular
Abstract: This study was aimed at providing a version of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) for the Portuguese language of Brazil and to test its measurement properties when applied to patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension and healthy subjects. The cultural adaptation process was carried out and in order to ensure its quality internationally recommended steps were followed - translation, back-translation, evaluation by an experts committee, synthesis and pre-test, followed by assessment of the practicability, acceptability, reliability and validity. Instruments previously submitted to content validity were applied to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data. The sample comprised 236 subjects - 100 hypertensive outpatients, 100 healthy individuals and 36 coronary heart disease outpatients. The practicability of GSLTPAQ was assessed by the time spent in the interview and acceptability was evaluated by the percentage of unanswered items and the proportion of participants who responded to all items. Reliability regarding the stability of the measure was estimated (test-retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC). The convergent validity was tested by the relations between the GSLTPAQ score and the scores of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Baecke-HPA - domains Physical Exercise in Leisure - PEL and Leisure and Locomotion Activities - ALL) and the score derived from the Questionnaire to identify the psychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior in coronary patients (QCAF). The divergent validity was tested by the absence of relation between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the domain Occupational Physical Activity (OPA) of the Baecke-HPA. The concurrent criterion validity was tested by the relation between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the Brazilian version of the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), as for the maximum oxygen uptake, both direct (VO2peak) and predicted (VO2pred). Partial correlation coefficients with confidence intervals of 95% (adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease) were calculated in order to test the three types of validity. Regarding the practicability assessment, short time for application of the GSLTPAQ was observed (3.0 minutes). As for acceptability, participants responded to all the items. The analysis of test-retest suggests temporal stability of the instrument (ICC=0.84). The results support the previously established hypothesis. The convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the scores PEL (r=0.62, p<0.001) and ALL (r=0.16, p<0.05) of the Baecke-HPA, as well for the QCAF score (r=0.62, p<0.001). The divergent validity was confirmed by the absence of significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the OPA domain of the Baecke-HPA (r=0.02, p=0.73). The concurrent criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the measures of cardiorespiratory fitness - VO2pred (r=0.15, p<0.05) and VSAQ (r=0.23, p<0.01). Analyses suggest that the Brazilian GSLTPAQ has demonstrated acceptable measurement properties. This study provides to the scientific community an instrument with evidences of reliability and validity for assessment of leisure-time physical activity in the Brazilian population, which may be used as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of intervention studies aimed at promoting or increasing physical activity levels, as well as evaluating outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation programs
Doutorado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Doutor em Enfermagem

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Cervantes, Carlos M. "The Effects of an After School Program on Leisure Time Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescents with Visual Impairments". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1238021724.

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Gargiulo, Irene. "Assessing leisure time physical activity (ltpa) experience in urban. Stream corridors: a baseline for inclusive ltpa promotion". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670037.

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) in urban stream corridors is of paramount importance for health and wellbeing promotion among urban dwellers. LTPA experience, namely how (what, with whom, when and where) and why LTPA is practised in particular places, is influenced by various social and physical environmental factors which the stream users may perceive differently. Therefore, an improved understanding of how stream users perceive environmental factors may provide relevant insights and inform on strategies intended to support inclusive LTPA promotion. To this end, combining ecological models with a qualitative Geographic Information System (qGIS) methodology is valuable. The ecological models provide a comprehensive theoretical framework which helps understand the environmental factors that influence LTPA, whilst the qualitative research methods serve to reveal any hidden meanings related to individual experiences behind factors. The collected data combined with GIS, enable the exploration of subjective perceptions of the environment with reference to its spatial dimension. Therefore, this study assessed users’ perceptions of the environmental factors that influence LTPA experiences in the Caldes Stream corridor, in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. Accordingly, a sequential mixed methodology based on qualitative ecological approach integrated with GIS was developed in two phases. First, in-depth map-based and go-along interviews allowed for: 1) the categorization of the different types of stream users according to their characteristics and motivations for LTPA, 2) the identification of the social and physical environmental factors influencing LTPA, 3) the assessment of factors as either barriers or facilitators to LTPA for each type of stream user according to their perceptions (Paper 1). Secondly, given that the safety issue emerged as a key factor influencing women LTPA in the Caldes Stream corridor, the analysis of the relationship between environmental factors and women’s perceptions of safety was undertaken. In-depth interviews with women were further analysed for: 4) the identification of the environmental factors related to women’s perceptions of safety in the stream corridor, and 5) the design of a safety map able to represent both the women’s general and individual perceptions of safety. For the creation of this analytical tool environmental factors were translated into spatial indicators, women’s perceptions were geo-located, and the resultant data was integrated into qGIS (Paper 2). Findings of the present study provided a greater understanding of the different ways in which different users interpret and interact with urban stream corridors when practising LTPA. Specifically, different types of users perceived environmental factors influencing LTPA as either barriers or facilitators contradictorily or coincidentally depending on their motivations for LTPA and their gender. The major conflicts related to divergent perceptions between genders depended on perceptions of safety (Paper 1). Perceptions of safety among women were related to environmental factors, yet they were mediated by women’s socio-cultural background and everyday practices. Against this backdrop, the safety map based on a qualitative GIS approach designed for this study, allowed the assessment of the macro-scale spatial indicators of the environmental factors and the micro-scale of women’s narratives on perceptions of safety from an integrated perspective. The macro-scale perspective provided a general explanation for the phenomenon and helped visualise conflicting domains of interventions. The micro-scale produced deeper and detailed insights into the perception of safety by comparing the big picture with women’s narratives (Paper 2). These findings suggest that 1) the characterisation of types of users according to their motivations for practicing LTPA in green environments and 2) their gender perspective should be at the forefront of inclusive LTPA promotion strategies. At this regard, qGIS analytical tools aimed at identifying the particular needs of the specific types of users could support the customisation of interventions by providing knowledge on the tangible and intangible dimensions associated to the different LTPA experiences. Basing on this knowledge, LTPA promotion policies should combine the provision of physical infrastructure suitable for the different types of users, and long-term educational programs addressed to overcome the limiting effects of certain socio-cultural backgrounds. This research has shown that the thorough understanding of the users’ LTPA experience in urban stream corridors provides significant knowledge to inform policies for inclusive LTPA promotion, thus mitigating the risk of health inequalities among different types of stream users.

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Dunlop, Paul M. Groff Diane Gail. "Active employees! Exploring the relationship between job characteristics, perceived constraints and participation in leisure-time physical activity". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,140.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Recreation Administration in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.

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Fullick, Sarah. "Behavioural and biological relationships between leisure-time physical activity and health outcomes during shift- and night-work". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5974/.

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Shift-work is increasingly common in society and is associated with a number of health inequalities. The health effects of shift-work can include a redudion in quality and quantity of sleep, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depreSSion,decreased vigilance, metabolic syndrome, adverse cardiovascular (especially blood pressure), gastrOintestinal effects and reproductive effects in women. Shift-work is also associated with disturbances to a workers domestic and social life. Physical activity is known to either prevent or alleviate these health inequalities in those with 'normal diurnal' lifestyles such as day-workers. However, shift-work generally decreases opportunities for physical adivity. Moreover, the favourable affects of physical activity on such health inequalities have not been confirmed in shift-workers. The studies in the present thesis are designed to examine the associations between shift-work and physical activity covering a wide range of physiological and psycho-social variables in shift-workers. The first descriptive study was designed to provide the first detailed and multi-researchstrategy examination of LTPA and its correlates in shift-workers. One hundred and sixty one shift-workers partiCipated in the initial cross-sectional study. A cohort of ten of these partiCipants also volunteered for further diary- and inteNiew-based studies. PartiCipants completed the SSI together with a LTPA questionnaire. Gender, job type, age and shift-work experience were explored as correlates of LTPA. The cohort also completed a 7-day diary and wore an accelerometer for assessment of activity counts during work, leisure, and bedtime when working each shift-type (days, nights and rest). Participants also completed a semi-strudured email-administered interview. The total energy expenditure per week in LTPA of male shift-workers was found to be twice that of women. Midwives recorded the lowest LTPA. Firefighters reported the most LTPA. The time spent out of bed during night shift days was 4-h higher compared with rest days. Data from this study indicated that LTPA is generally low amongst shift-workers, the majority of whom are overweight or obese. Jobtype and gender are much more influential on LTPA than age or experience. Shift-workers spend more of their time on rest days in bed. The second descriptive study was designed to explore the relationships between coping strategies adopted by shift-workers and their leisure-time energy expenditure. The importance of coping strategies has been highlighted in previous research. Ninety-five participants completed an adapted version of the completed the SSI together with a LTPA qUestionnaire. Predictors of age, time spent in shift-work, gender, marital status and the various shift-work coping indices were explored with step-wise multiple regression. Leisuretime energy expenditure over a 14-day period was entered as the outcome variable. Gender (p < 0.023) and time spent in shift-work (p < 0.051) were found to be predictors of energy expenditure, with the most experienced, male shift-workers expending the most energy during leisure-time. Overall 'disengagement' coping scores from the SSI were positively related to leisure-time energy expenditure (p < 0.054). In males, disengagement of sleep problems (p > 0.086) was found to be negatively correlated to energy expenditure, whereas disengagement of domestic-related problems was found to be positively related to energy expenditure (p < 0.001). These relations were not found in female shift-workers (p > 0.762). These data indicated that experienced male shift-workers participate in the most leisure-time physical activity. These people 'disengage' more from their domestic-related problems, but less from their sleep-related problems. The next laboratory-based study was designed to examine the acute effects of evening exercise and meal frequency on psychophysiological and performance-related variables during a subsequent period of simulated night-work. Nine healthy participants, completed at least two crossover trials beginning at 18:00 h. Between 19:00-20:00 h, participants either rested or exercised at 50%V02peak and then remained awake throughout the night, completing various tasks until 05:15 h. Six participants completed a total of four trials in which they exercised or rested while either one standardized (SOkJlkg) meal at 22:00 h or two smaller (30 kJ/kg) meals at 22:00 and 02:00 h were eaten. Core Body Temperature (Tc), wrist activity, mood, sleepiness, arousal, self-chosen work-rate, and reaction time were all measured throughout the simulated night-shift. Following exercise, Tcwas Significantly lower throughout the night-shift compared with no prior exercise (95% Cl = 0.00 to 1.01°C), even though wrist activity was higher and sleepiness was lower after exercise. Self-chosen workrate was significantly higher (95% Cl = 20 to 43 W) and reaction time faster during the nightshift that followed exercise. Reaction time and alertness were worst when only 1 meal was ingested during the night-shift (p <0.04). These data indicate that a single bout of evening exercise can improve sleepiness as well as mental and physical performance during a subsequent simulated night-shift ... The findings from the studies in this thesis indicate that many of the short-term health benefits of exercise are apparent in contexts of shift- and night -work. The relatively small final intervention study demonstrates the potential utility of an individualised lifestyle intervention based on motivational interviewing for shift-workers.

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Jenkyns, James Allen. "The relationship between the type of physical education program and student's academic achievement, leisure time activity and perceived competence". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60380.pdf.

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34

Porter, Heather R. "Developing a Leisure Meanings Gained & Outcomes Scale (LMGOS) and Exploring Associations of Leisure Meanings to Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) Adherence among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/44529.

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Therapeutic Recreation
Ph.D.
It is estimated that 61% of people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) don't engage in any form of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) (Morrato, Hill, Wyatt, Ghushchyan, & Sullivan, 2007). One of the primary interventions to manage T2D is regular engagement in Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) (Sigal, Kenny, Wasserman, Castaneda-Sceppa, & White, 2006). Many studies have tried to increase the frequency of LTPA in this population with little success (e.g., Williams, Bezner, Chesbro, & Leavitt, 2005). A new innovative approach to increasing engagement in LTPA is needed. Feelings of enjoyment have been found to correlate with adherence to LTPA (e.g., Williams, Papandonatos, Napolitano, Lewis, Whiteley, & Marcus, 2006) and theorized to be an outcome of experiencing something that is personally meaningful (Snyder & Lopez, 2002). It has also been found that "participation in leisure...continues when the experiences and/or the activity are meaningful to the individual" (Ragheb, 1996, p. 247). Thus, exploration of personal meanings that are valued and experienced within LTPA may be a key approach to effectively increasing LTPA. A content-analysis of the literature yielded the identification of five leisure meanings and three outcomes that are derived within and/or from leisure activity engagement. A new scale, the Leisure Meanings Gained and Outcomes Scale (LMGOS), was developed to reflect the findings. It was confirmed by an expert panel for face and content validity and then administered to Temple University students (n = 163). Exploratory factor analyses provided evidence for construct validity and reliability and led to further refinement. The refined LMGOS was given to adults with T2D (n = 26). The results showed significant correlations between specific leisure meanings gained and LTPA engagement, as well as between outcomes of meanings gained and LTPA engagement. The implications of the study include demonstrating: (a) the utility of a theoretically and psychometrically sound measure of the meanings gained and its outcomes via leisure (i.e., LMGOS), (b) the need for acknowledging meaning-oriented experiential and emotional properties of LTPA from a more holistic and humanistic perspective, and (c) the importance of meaning-seeking or meaning-making through leisure as a key facilitator to active living and health promotion for people including individuals with T2D.
Temple University--Theses

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35

Burton, Nicola Winship. "The relative contribution of psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain variation in leisure-time physical activity among adults at a population level". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16258/1/Nicola_Burton_Thesis.pdf.

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Background Information: There is substantial evidence demonstrating the significant benefits of regular physical activity (PA) and the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with inactivity. In Australia however, approximately 40% of the adult population is not meeting recommended levels of PA, the rates of inactivity may be increasing, and improving population levels of PA has been identified as a public health priority. Research is needed therefore, to develop a better understanding of the variables that limit and facilitate PA levels within the population, so as to guide the development of population-based PA promotion. Although a range of psychological, social and environmental variables have been associated with PA, few studies have integrated correlates across these domains and compared their relative contribution. The current evidence base is also limited by too few population-based studies, insufficient assessment of the measurement properties of correlate scales, minimal information on PA item non-response, and a lack of specificity among PA domains. Aims: This research program aimed to develop measures and examine the relative contributions of self-reported psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain variation in leisure-time PA (LTPA) among adults in the general population. Methods: This research program comprised three studies that utilised a crosssectional design and a mail survey methodology with a population-based random sample drawn from Brisbane, Australia (N=5000). Study one involved development and assessment of the measurement properties of a battery of scales to measure correlates of LTPA, using principal components and internal reliability analyses. Study two assessed the magnitude of and sociodemographic variables associated with LTPA item non-response on the mail survey, using logistic regression. Study three examined the independent contributions of self-reported psychological, social, and environmental variables to variation in walking, moderate- and vigorousintensity LTPA, using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. Results: Study one produced a battery of 28 scales to assess self-reported psychological, social and environmental correlates of LTPA. The scales used a total of 123 items to measure activity history (habit, mastery, exposure), health (physical, psychological), activity-related cognitions (self schemata, activity schemata, demand, need, knowledge), self-efficacy, anticipated benefits (psychological, health, challenge, improved appearance, social, weight management), perceived barriers (expense/low access, poor skill, poor personal functioning, time organization, disinterest, family obligations), social support (encouragement, discouragement) and neighborhood environment (available facilities, physical characteristics, aesthetic features, traffic). Of the 28 scales that were factorially derived, 25 had acceptable or marginal levels of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.65 to 0.89. Study two indicated that 28% of the mail survey respondents had incomplete LTPA data with 8% of respondents missing the walking item, and 18% and 23% missing the vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity LTPA items respectively. Respondents who missed all three LTPA items were more likely than those with complete LTPA data to be female, less educated, from low-income households, in poor health, and a current smoker. Respondents who missed the walking item were significantly more likely to be a current smoker, and to have limited education and low household income. Incomplete moderate-intensity LTPA data was associated with single parenthood and vocational education. Those who missed the vigorousintensity LTPA item were more likely to be 35-54 years old, in fair or poor health, and obese. Respondents with incomplete LTPA data were also more likely to miss sociodemographic items assessing education, household composition, and household income. In study three, the sociodemographic and correlate variables collectively accounted for 43% of the variation in total LTPA, 45% of vigorous-intensity LTPA, 26%of walking, and 22% of moderate-intensity LTPA (Nagelkerke R square). The individual correlates accounted for 0.0 - 4.0% of unique variation across the different domains of LTPA. Habit, self-efficacy, and social encouragement tended to contribute more unique variation for each LTPA domain. Physical health, discouragement, competition, and time management barriers contributed more unique variation to vigorous-intensity LTPA. Anticipated benefits of social interactions and weight management contributed more unique variation to moderate-intensity LTPA. Neighbourhood aesthetics contributed more unique variation to walking variation. Conclusions. This research program demonstrates the importance of integrating psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain PA, and that the relative importance of these correlates is likely to differ among PA domains. More research is needed to enhance the conceptualisation and measurement of correlate variables, in particular PA opportunities across the lifecourse, the anticipated benefit of a balanced lifestyle, the barriers of an unpredictable lifestyle and family obligations, social discouragement, and environmental variables. Population-based mail surveys of LTPA may under-represent population subgroups that are insufficiently active for health, and proactive strategies are needed to maximise their full participation in research and obtain complete survey data, in particular among individuals of low socioeconomic position and for the assessment of moderateintensity LTPA. Generic promotion to increase overall levels of LTPA in the population could focus on promoting self-efficacy for PA and habitual LTPA, as well as enhancing social encouragement. Tailored promotion for vigorous-intensity LTPA could reduce barriers associated with physical health, discouragement, competitiveness, and time management. Tailored promotion for moderate-intensity LTPA and walking should focus on supportive local neighbourhoods and promote the benefits of weight management and social interactions. In time, the successful implementation of such policy and promotion may arrest the decline of PA levels in the population, reduce preventable morbidity and mortality and economic burden associated with inactivity, and facilitate improved health for all Australians.

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36

Burton, Nicola Winship. "The relative contribution of psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain variation in leisure-time physical activity among adults at a population level". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16258/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background Information: There is substantial evidence demonstrating the significant benefits of regular physical activity (PA) and the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with inactivity. In Australia however, approximately 40% of the adult population is not meeting recommended levels of PA, the rates of inactivity may be increasing, and improving population levels of PA has been identified as a public health priority. Research is needed therefore, to develop a better understanding of the variables that limit and facilitate PA levels within the population, so as to guide the development of population-based PA promotion. Although a range of psychological, social and environmental variables have been associated with PA, few studies have integrated correlates across these domains and compared their relative contribution. The current evidence base is also limited by too few population-based studies, insufficient assessment of the measurement properties of correlate scales, minimal information on PA item non-response, and a lack of specificity among PA domains. Aims: This research program aimed to develop measures and examine the relative contributions of self-reported psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain variation in leisure-time PA (LTPA) among adults in the general population. Methods: This research program comprised three studies that utilised a crosssectional design and a mail survey methodology with a population-based random sample drawn from Brisbane, Australia (N=5000). Study one involved development and assessment of the measurement properties of a battery of scales to measure correlates of LTPA, using principal components and internal reliability analyses. Study two assessed the magnitude of and sociodemographic variables associated with LTPA item non-response on the mail survey, using logistic regression. Study three examined the independent contributions of self-reported psychological, social, and environmental variables to variation in walking, moderate- and vigorousintensity LTPA, using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. Results: Study one produced a battery of 28 scales to assess self-reported psychological, social and environmental correlates of LTPA. The scales used a total of 123 items to measure activity history (habit, mastery, exposure), health (physical, psychological), activity-related cognitions (self schemata, activity schemata, demand, need, knowledge), self-efficacy, anticipated benefits (psychological, health, challenge, improved appearance, social, weight management), perceived barriers (expense/low access, poor skill, poor personal functioning, time organization, disinterest, family obligations), social support (encouragement, discouragement) and neighborhood environment (available facilities, physical characteristics, aesthetic features, traffic). Of the 28 scales that were factorially derived, 25 had acceptable or marginal levels of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.65 to 0.89. Study two indicated that 28% of the mail survey respondents had incomplete LTPA data with 8% of respondents missing the walking item, and 18% and 23% missing the vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity LTPA items respectively. Respondents who missed all three LTPA items were more likely than those with complete LTPA data to be female, less educated, from low-income households, in poor health, and a current smoker. Respondents who missed the walking item were significantly more likely to be a current smoker, and to have limited education and low household income. Incomplete moderate-intensity LTPA data was associated with single parenthood and vocational education. Those who missed the vigorousintensity LTPA item were more likely to be 35-54 years old, in fair or poor health, and obese. Respondents with incomplete LTPA data were also more likely to miss sociodemographic items assessing education, household composition, and household income. In study three, the sociodemographic and correlate variables collectively accounted for 43% of the variation in total LTPA, 45% of vigorous-intensity LTPA, 26%of walking, and 22% of moderate-intensity LTPA (Nagelkerke R square). The individual correlates accounted for 0.0 - 4.0% of unique variation across the different domains of LTPA. Habit, self-efficacy, and social encouragement tended to contribute more unique variation for each LTPA domain. Physical health, discouragement, competition, and time management barriers contributed more unique variation to vigorous-intensity LTPA. Anticipated benefits of social interactions and weight management contributed more unique variation to moderate-intensity LTPA. Neighbourhood aesthetics contributed more unique variation to walking variation. Conclusions. This research program demonstrates the importance of integrating psychological, social, and environmental variables to explain PA, and that the relative importance of these correlates is likely to differ among PA domains. More research is needed to enhance the conceptualisation and measurement of correlate variables, in particular PA opportunities across the lifecourse, the anticipated benefit of a balanced lifestyle, the barriers of an unpredictable lifestyle and family obligations, social discouragement, and environmental variables. Population-based mail surveys of LTPA may under-represent population subgroups that are insufficiently active for health, and proactive strategies are needed to maximise their full participation in research and obtain complete survey data, in particular among individuals of low socioeconomic position and for the assessment of moderateintensity LTPA. Generic promotion to increase overall levels of LTPA in the population could focus on promoting self-efficacy for PA and habitual LTPA, as well as enhancing social encouragement. Tailored promotion for vigorous-intensity LTPA could reduce barriers associated with physical health, discouragement, competitiveness, and time management. Tailored promotion for moderate-intensity LTPA and walking should focus on supportive local neighbourhoods and promote the benefits of weight management and social interactions. In time, the successful implementation of such policy and promotion may arrest the decline of PA levels in the population, reduce preventable morbidity and mortality and economic burden associated with inactivity, and facilitate improved health for all Australians.

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37

Mohlala, Meriam. "The relationships between leisure-time physical activity and health related parameters in executive employees of selected African countries / M. Mohlala". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9791.

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Leisure-time physical inactivity is a global public health concern affecting all people in different walks of life, including employees. This inactivity is associated with chronic diseases of lifestyle as well as low work capacity. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to determine leisure-time physical activity (LTPAI), coronary risk- (CRI), health status (HSI) and lifestyle (LSI) indexes of some executive employees in selected African countries; and to determine the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on the coronary risk-, health status- and lifestyle- indexes of some executive employees in selected African countries.A cross-sectional study design was followed on a group of 156 (mean age 41.22±10.17) executive employees. Participants were grouped according to age (<35 years; 36–46 years and > 46 years). Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. Out of 156 participants in the study, 43% occupied top level management and 57% middle level management positions. When data were analyzed according to age groups, 31% and 69% in the less than 35 years age group were in the top and the middle level management, respectively. In the age group 36 to 46 years of age, 47% were in the top level of management and 52.8% middle level management. With regard to LTPA, top level managers (71.6%) scored low LTPA as compared to middle level managers (62.9%). Top level managers scored higher percentages (14.9%) for developing the risk of coronary heart disease. The results show a negative effect of physical activity on selected health parameters, with significant negative relationships between low LTPA and daily lifestyle index (r= -0.52; p=0.01), and moderate LTPA and daily lifestyle index (r= -0.71; p<0.001) for middle managers. It can be concluded that both top and middle level managers exhibited low LTPA and high risk for developing coronary heart disease. It was apparent that the managers in low LTPA are prone to bad stages of life style, health status and coronary risk- indexes compared to the ones with moderate and high LTPA. Additionally, low and moderate LTPA inversely affected selected health parameters of executive employees. No significant association was found for high LTPA with selected health parameters. The study therefore recommends a strategic intervention programme geared towards improving the present state of affairs among the managers in the corporate environment.
Thesis (MA (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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林文健 e Man-kin Lam. "A cross-sectional study of leisure-time physical activity prevalence and its association with cardiovascular biochemical risk factors inHong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970631.

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39

Mehta, Purvi. "Social Cognitive Theory as a Predictor of Dietary Behavior and Leisure Time Physical Activity in Middle Aged Asian Indian Women". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1259081367.

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40

Moe, Børge. "Diabetes and Leisure Time Physical Activity in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality : Prospective data from the HUNT Study, Norway". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27183.

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This thesis consists of three prospective studies, examining whether leisure time physical activity may compensate for the adverse association between diabetes and risk of death from cardiovascular disease and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have used data from the HUNT Study, linked with the Cause of Death Registry as well as hospital admissions due to acute myocardial infarction at the two hospitals in Nord- Trøndelag County. Diabetes was associated with almost threefold higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease among the physically inactive. People with diabetes who reported ≥ 3 hours of light physical activity had similar risk as inactive people without diabetes. We also found that the favourable effect of physical activity were largest among those with most severe diabetes, measured as medical treatment status. Finally, we found an increased risk of first acute myocardial infarction among people with diabetes, and that this excess risk was cancelled out among those who reported a high physical activity level. Moreover, a normal body weight was associated with lower risk of first AMI, especially when combined with a moderate or high level of physical activity. Our results suggests that the favourable effect of physical activity should be within reach for most people with diabetes and should be more strongly encouraged as a therapeutic measure additional to medical treatment.
Denne avhandlingen består av tre prospektive studier som undersøker hvorvidt fysisk aktivitet kan kompensere for den uheldige sammenhengen mellom diabetes og risiko for kardiovaskulær død og risiko for hjerteinfarkt. Vi har benyttet data fra Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag koblet til Dødsårsaksregisteret, samt informasjon om sykehusinnleggelser grunnet hjerteinfarkt ved de to sykehusene i Nord-Trøndelag. Diabetes var assosiert med nesten tre ganger så høy risiko for å dø av kardiovaskulær sykdom hos de fysisk inaktive. Personer med diabetes som rapporterte ≥ 3 timer med lett fysisk aktivitet per uke, hadde tilsvarende risiko som inaktive personer uten diabetes. Videre fant vi at den gunstige effekten av fysisk aktivitet var størst for de med alvorligst grad av diabetes, målt som medikamentell behandling. Vi fant også en økt risiko for hjerteinfarkt blant personer med diabetes, og at denne forhøyete risikoen ble kansellert blant de som rapporterte et høyt fysisk aktivitetsnivå. En normal kroppsvekt var også assosiert med lavere risiko for hjerteinfarkt, særlig i kombinasjon med fysisk aktivitet. Våre resultater tyder på at den gunstige effekten av fysisk aktivitet er innen rekkevidde for de fleste med diabetes og i enda større grad bør vektlegges som et ledd i behandlingen av personer med diabetes, i tillegg til medisinering.

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Spotswood, F. M. "An ethnographic approach to understanding the place of leisure time physical activity in 'working class' British culture : implications for social marketing". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/16929/.

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Physical activity has a well understood set of benefits. UK leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is socially patterned, with lower socio-economic groups participating less. There is evidence from the literature that in addition to structural causes, there may be a ‘working class’ worldview of LTPA, which strongly influences their lack of participation. Thus, a theoretical approach for social marketers is advocated based on class culture. This approach, which centres on Bourdieu’s habitus, views problem behaviours in terms of class-based dispositions rather than individualistic intention, attitude and decision making. This research used an ethnographic mixed-method approach to explore the habitus of five case study families on a deprived estate. Findings suggested that their perception of LTPA was negative, or else they dismissed it as a leisure option. They preferred sedentary behaviours which matched their observed goals; of ‘family survival’, ‘image management’, ‘instant pleasure’ and ‘withdrawal through fantasy’. These rich insights, into the lives of particularly hard-to-reach families, are the first contribution of this PhD to the social marketing field. However, the theoretical approach taken also enabled a retroductive analysis (based on critical realist thinking) to explore hitherto invisible mechanisms which may be part of the observed habitus, and may have affected the observed dispositions towards LTPA. These were ‘lack of perspective’, ‘lack of control’ and ‘lack of participation’. Also, the theoretical conceptualisation of LTPA as a ‘culturally signifying practice’, embedded in the class cultural habitus, has enabled the researcher to explore three potential social marketing responses to the findings. These are the traditional approach based on exchange; the community-development approach of ‘habitus change’; and finally, environmental approaches, grounded in ecological theory and behavioural economics. The ethical and ideological contentions of these approaches for social marketers are discussed, and it is recommended that social marketers expand their strategic options to address powerful habitus effects.

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Lam, Man-kin. "A cross-sectional study of leisure-time physical activity prevalence and its association with cardiovascular biochemical risk factors in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25101353.

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43

Kazlauskaitė, Kristina. "Šiaulių miesto progimnazijų 8 klasių moksleivių požiūris į sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą ir aktyvų laisvalaikį". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140717_101546-98283.

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Bakalauro darbe analizuojama 8 klasių moksleivių požiūris į sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą ir aktyvų laisvalaikį. Svarbiausia buvo išsiaiškinti sveikatos, fizinio aktyvumo, aktyvaus laisvalaikio aspektus. Nustatyti 8 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą, aktyvų laisvalaikį. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Šiaulių mieste 2013 metais. Tyrime dalyvavo iš vis 180 respondentų, 108 vaikinai, 72 merginos, iš 8 klasių, kurių amžius svyravo tarp 13-15 metų. Anketą sudarė 29 klausimai, pirmoje anketos dalyje respondentai turėjo pateikti savo demografinius duomenis (lytis, amžius, ūgis, svoris). Antroje dalyje klausimai buvo sudaryti apie sveikatą bei mitybą, paskutinėje dalyje buvo klausiama apie fizinį aktyvumą ir aktyvų laisvalaikį. Šiais klausimai buvo norima išsiaiškinti, kokį poveikį turi fizinis aktyvumas augančiam ir bręstančiam organizmui, ar fizinis aktyvumas turi įtakos respondentų sveikatai, kokiomis aktyvaus laisvalaikio fomomis užsiima tyrimo dalyviai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad moksleivių požiūris į fizinį aktyvumą yra teigiamas: savo sveikatą jie vertina labai gerai arba gerai, tačiau moksleiviai skundžiasi įvairiais negalavimais, kaip galvos skausmai, fizinis išsekimai ir kt. Pastebima, kad moksleivių fizinis aktyvumas yra nepakankamas. Tyrimieji dieną praleidžia gana pasyviai, dažnai sėdi prie kompiuterio, naršo internete, praleidžia laiką pamokose. Tokiomis aktyvaus laisvalaikio formomis, kaip bėgiojimas, važinėjimas dviračiu, dalyvavimas įvairiose sporto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Undergraduate thesis analyzes the 8th grade students approach to health, physical activity and an active freetime. The most important thing was to find out the health, physical activity, leisure elements. Identify 8th classes of students approach to the health, physical activity and freetime. The study was accomplished city of Šiauliai in 2013. In reserch participated 180 respondents 108 boys and 72 girls from 8th classes, whose age fluctuated between 13-15 years. The questionnaire consisted 29 questions. In the first part of the questionnaire, respondents are asked to provide their demographic information, that indicate gender, age, height, weight. The second part of the questionnaire questions were asked about health and nutrition. The main part of the questions about physical activity, freetime, hobbies, favorite activities. This is to find out students attitudes towards physical activity and active freetime activities. The study found that students approach to physical activity are positive, students have a very good and good opinion about their health, but study participants are suffering from various ailments like headaches, physical exhaustion , and so on. It is clear that students physical activity is poor. Participants day spend quite passive, often sitting front of computer, search in the internet, spend time in class. Such active forms of leisure like jogging, riding a bike, participating in various sporting events, competitions , there is no common... [to full text]

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44

Garjonytė, Alma. "Veiksniai, turintys įtakos 9–12 m. vaikų laisvalaikio praleidimo būdams". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232901-13335.

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Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos 9–12 m. vaikų laisvalaikio praleidimo būdams. Uždaviniai: (1) įvertinti, kokias veiklas laisvalaikiu dažniausiai atlieka 9–12 m. vaikai, (2) išanalizuoti negalios daromą įtaką vaikų laisvalaikiui, (3) įvertinti šeimos socialinės padėties sąsajas su vaikų laisvalaikiui, (4) įvertinti tėvų nuomonę apie jų vaikų laisvalaikį. Metodika: tyrimas atliktas 2013 m. sausio – 2014 m. vasario mėn. Atlikta anketinė apklausa, naudojant: „Vaikų laisvalaikio domėjimosi anketą“ (vaikams), „Godin Shephard‘o laisvalaikio fizinio aktyvumo klausimynas“ (vaikams) ir pačios autorės sudarytą klausimyną tėvams. Tyrimo dalyviai: 9–12 m. vaikai (gyvenantys globos namuose ir šeimose, su spec. poreikiais ir be jų) ir jų tėvai (gyvenantys kartu su vaiku). Rezultatai. Apklausta iš viso 99 vaikai ir 57 tėvai. 63,6 proc. apklausoje dalyvavusių vaikų yra FA ir aktyviai veiklai laisvalaikio metu vidutiniškai skiria 2,14±1,3 val. per dieną, o pasyviai – 2,74±1,3 val. Vaikai be spec. poreikių laisvalaikiu yra fiziškai aktyvesni nei vaikai su spec. poreikiais (p=0,003). Gyvenamoji vieta (globos namai ar kartu su tėvais) neturi įtakos vaikų FA. Būdami vieni patys vaikai dažniausiai užsiima kambario veikla (64,5 proc.), su draugais – sportine (90,2 proc.), o su šeimos nariais – žiemos veikla (59,4 proc.). Išvados: 1. Laisvalaikiu 9–12 metų amžiaus vaikai dažniausiai užsiima įvairiomis kambario veiklomis (67,5 proc.), 59,4 proc. – žiemos pramogomis, 59,0... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The purpose of the research – to evaluate factors influencing types of leisure activities of children in the age group of 9–12 years. Tasks of the research: (1) to evaluate the most common leisure activities of children in the age group of 9–12 years, (2) to analyze the impact of disability for children leisure time, (3) to evaluate the links between family social status and children leisure time, (4) to evaluate the opinion of parents about their children leisure time. Methodology of the research. The research was carried out in the period of 2013 January – 2014 February. There was a questionnaire survey conducted using questionnaire for children “Pediatric Interest Profiles” and “The Godin Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire” and the questionnaire for parents prepared by the author herself. Participants of the research: children in the age group of 9-12 years (living in the foster home and with their parents, with special needs and without it) and their parents (living with their children). Results. There were totally 99 children and 57 their parents questioned. 63,6 % of children participating in the survey are physically active and for the active physical activities devote 2,14±1,3 hour per day, for passive activities – 2,74±1,3 per day. Children without special needsduring their leisure are more physically active than children with special needs (p=0,003). Living place (foster home or together with parents) does not affect children physical... [to full text]

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45

Wennberg, Patrik. "Beyond the established risk factors of myocardial infarction : lifestyle factors and novel biomarkers". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21849.

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Age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity are considered as established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Several of these established cardiovascular risk factors are strongly influenced by lifestyle. Novel biomarkers from different mechanistic pathways have been associated with cardiovascular risk, but their clinical utility is still uncertain. The overall objective of the thesis was to evaluate the associations between certain lifestyle factors (physical activity and snuff use), biomarkers reflecting the haemostatic and the inflammatory systems and risk of a future first-ever myocardial infarction. A prospective incident nested case-control study design was used with a total of 651 cases of myocardial infarction and 2238 matched controls from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. The effects of commuting activity, occupational and leisure time physical activity on risk of myocardial infarction were studied. A clearly increased risk of myocardial infarction was found for car commuting compared to active commuting (walking, cycling or going by bus). High versus low leisure time physical activity was associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction. Low occupational physical activity was associated with risk of myocardial infarction in men. The risk of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death was studied in male snuff users compared to non-tobacco users. No increased risk was found for myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death among snuff users without a previous history of smoking. However, for sudden cardiac death the study did not have statistical power to detect small differences in risk. Plasma levels of haemostatic markers have previously shown to be associated with risk of myocardial infarction, but as haemostatic markers are also acute-phase reactants, it is not clear if their association with myocardial infarction is independent of inflammatory markers. In the present study, the haemostatic markers D-dimer, von Willebrand factor (VWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex (t-PA/PAI-1 complex) were associated with risk of myocardial infarction after adjustment for established risk factors and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, the addition of eight haemostatic and inflammatory markers could improve the predictive ability for future myocardial infarction beyond that of a model utilizing only established risk factors. Established risk factors and novel biomarkers were explored as potential mediators of the reduced risk of myocardial infarction related to active commuting. A combination of established risk factors, haemostatic and inflammatory markers appeared to explain a substantial proportion (40%) of the difference in risk for myocardial infarction between active commuters and car commuters. IL-6, t-PA, t-PA/PAI-1 complex, apo B/apo A-1 ratio, and BMI seemed to be the largest potential mediators when tested individually. In conclusion, regular physical activity such as active commuting is associated with reduced risk of a first-ever myocardial infarction. This effect could in part be mediated through a beneficial influence on haemostasis and inflammation, as well as a positive impact on established risk factors. Several haemostatic markers are associated with risk of myocardial infarction independent of established risk factors and inflammatory markers. The combination of haemostatic and inflammatory markers may enhance predictive ability beyond established risk factors. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that snuff use increases the risk of myocardial infarction.

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46

Bohman, Tony, Lars Alfredsson, Johan Hallqvist, Eva Vingård e Eva Skillgate. "The influence of self-reported leisure time physical activity and the body mass index on recovery from persistent back pain among men and women : a population-based cohort study". Uppsala universitet, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201815.

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Background: There is limited knowledge about leisure time physical activity and the body mass index (BMI) as prognostic factors for recovery from persistent back pain. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of leisure time physical activity and BMI on recovery from persistent back pain among men and women in a general population. Methods: The study population (n=1836) in this longitudinal cohort study consisted of participants reporting persistent back pain in the baseline questionnaire in 2002-2003. Data on leisure time physical activity, BMI and potential confounders were also collected at baseline. Information on recovery from persistent back pain (no back pain periods >= 7 days during the last 5 years) was obtained from the follow-up questionnaire in 2007. Log-binomial models were applied to calculate Risk Ratios with 95 percent Confidence Intervals (CI) comparing physically active and normal weight groups versus sedentary and overweight groups. Results: Compared to a sedentary leisure time, all measured levels of leisure time physical activity were associated with a greater chance of recovery from persistent back pain among women. The adjusted Risk Ratios was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.01) for low leisure time physical activity, 1.51 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.23) for moderate leisure time physical activity, and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.58) for high leisure time physical activity. There were no indications that leisure time physical activity influenced recovery among men, or that BMI was associated with recovery from persistent back pain either among men or among women. Conclusions: Regular leisure time physical activity seems to improve recovery from persistent back pain among women.

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47

Papini, Camila Bosquiero. "Associações entre nível, oferta de atividade física no trabalho e atividade física de lazer /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87430.

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Orientador: Eduardo Kokubun
Banca: Alex Antonio Florindo
Banca: Sandra Lia do Amaral
Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar associações entre nível, oferta de Atividade Física (AF) no trabalho e AF de lazer. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional. Participaram do estudo 864 trabalhadores com idade média e desviopadrão de 41 (± 13,4) anos, sendo 451 homens e 413 mulheres e eles responderam o Questionário Internacional de AF (versão longa- classificados em ativos e sedentários de acordo com o nível de AF de lazer), o Questionário baseado no modelo Transteorético (Estágios de Prontidão - classificados em fase de adoção e fase antecedentes), o Questionário sobre convênios e instalações para a prática de AF pela empresa e o Questionário sócio-demográfico. Para verificar as associações foi realizada a Regressão de Poisson no programa STATASE.10, obtendo a Razão de Prevalência (RP) com Intervalo de Confiança (IC - 95%). Como variáveis dependentes utilizamos o sedentarismo (nível de AF de lazer) e fase antecedentes (participação em AF de lazer). Para as variáveis independentes utilizamos: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), escolaridade, nível sócio-econômico, nível de AF no trabalho, oferta de ginástica laboral, participação na ginástica laboral e oferta de programas de condicionamento físico (PCF) através de convênios e instalações no local de trabalho. Os resultados indicam que os trabalhadores do sexo masculino são menos sedentários quando comparados com as trabalhadoras do sexo feminino. Para o sexo masculino, menor nível sócio-econômico está associado ao sedentarismo e a oferta de PCF oferecidos através de convênios está associada a níveis mais elevadosl de AF de lazer. Para o sexo feminino, maior IMC e menor nível sócio-econômico foram associados ao sedentarismo. Com relação a participação em AF de lazer o sexo feminino tem menos chances de estarem na fase de adoção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between Physical Activity's (PA) level and PA's offer at worksite and Leisure time PA. The Population-based cross-sectional study was realized with 864 workers with average age and standard deviation 41 (± 13,4) years old, being 451 men and 413 women. They answered the International PA Questionnaire (long version - classified in activity and sedentary according to leisure time PA's level), the Questionnaire based on Transteorethic Model (Stages of change - classified in adoption and antecedents phases), the Questionnaire about facilities and installations PA's practice in the worksite and the demographic-status Questionnaire. The Poisson Regression in the STATASE.10 program, getting the Prevalence Ratio (PR) with Confident Interval (CI - 95%) was conducted to verify the associations between the variables. The dependents variables were the sedentarism (leisure time PA's level) and antecedents phase (leisure time PA's participation). For the independents variables were used: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), schooling level, social status, PA's level in work, stretchbreak's offer, stretch-break's participation and fitness program's (FP) through facilities and installations PA's practice in the worksite. The results indicated that the male workers are less sedentary than female. For men the lower social status was associated with sedentarism and the FP facilities was associated with bigger leisure time PA's level. For female, bigger IMC and lower social status were associates with sedentarism. About leisure time PA's participation, the female has less chance to be in the adoption phase than male. The variables associated to leisure time PA's participation for male are: bigger schooling and social status... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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48

Du, Mei. "The effects of leisure time physical activity, coping strategies, job stress and job satisfaction on perceived wellness : a study with managerial staff in sport and recreation in Hong Kong". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1010.

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49

Zimmermann, Julia Antonia [Verfasser], Yolanda [Akademischer Betreuer] Demetriou, Yolanda [Gutachter] Demetriou e Doris [Gutachter] Holzberger. "The relationship of teachers’ multidimensional autonomy support in physical education and students’ leisure-time physical activity mediated by cognitive appraisals and achievement emotions / Julia Antonia Zimmermann ; Gutachter: Yolanda Demetriou, Doris Holzberger ; Betreuer: Yolanda Demetriou". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/124174033X/34.

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50

Toukola, T. (Tomi). "Physical exercise and sudden cardiac death:characteristics and risk factors". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220413.

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Abstract Physical activity with regular physical exercise (PE) has long been advocated because it lowers morbidity and mortality. However, there have been concerns about a transiently increased risk of adverse cardiac events such as sudden cardiac death (SCD) during PE. Our aim was to identify risk factors related to SCD during PE and clarify the effect of PE on cardiovascular well-being in the general population. In study I we found out that male gender as well as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial scarring as autopsy-findings were clearly more common among exercise-related SCD. Typical northern activities in skiing and snow shoveling were among the three most common types of PE alongside cycling. In study II we analyzed the previously recorded electrocardiograms (ECG) of victims of SCD. Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) in anterior leads was a common finding among subjects who died during exercise, especially among subjects with a prior diagnosis of CAD. In study III, we collected retrospectively out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) data in Northern Ostrobothnia between the years 2007 and 2012. The subjects who suffered SCA in relation to PE were younger and previously healthier, and they had more often a shockable rhythm as the initial rhythm. There was a markedly better prognosis for hospital discharge when SCA occurred during PE. In study IV, we noticed a decrease in cardiac mortality in subjects who were physically active or became active during follow-up in a population of 1,746 stable CAD patients. A similar effect could be seen affecting SCD mortality. No increase in cardiac mortality could be seen among those with the highest levels of habitual PE. In conclusion, ischemic heart disease and male gender, especially when fQRS is present in anterior leads, are characteristics related to exercise-related SCD. On the other hand, when SCA takes place during PE, the prognosis is markedly better compared to SCA occurring at rest. An active lifestyle is also linked to decreased cardiac mortality
Tiivistelmä Säännöllinen aktiivinen elämäntapa on yhteydessä pienempään fyysisten ja psyykkisten sairauksien riskiin. Tutkimuksissa on kuitenkin havaittu raskaampaan liikuntaan liittyvä väliaikaisesti lisääntynyt akuutin sydäntapahtuman, kuten äkkikuoleman, riski. Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa tutkitaan rasitukseen liittyvän sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman erityispiirteitä ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden merkitystä hyvinvoinnille. Ensimmäisessä osajulkaisussa havaittiin, että rasitukseen liittyvissä kuolemissa oli ruumiinavauslöydöksenä merkittävästi enemmän sepelvaltimotautia, sydänlihaksen arpeutumista ja sydänlihaksen liikakasvua verrattuna äkkikuolemiin levossa. Miessukupuoli oli selkeästi yliedustettuna rasituspopulaatiossa, sillä peräti 94 % oli miehiä. Yleisimmät rasitusmuodot olivat hiihto, pyöräily ja lumenluonti. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin edeltävien EKG-muutosten yhteyttä rasitusperäisiin äkkikuolemiin. Havaitsimme, että QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä oli selkeästi yleisempi löydös rasitusryhmässä. Tämä löydös oli erityisen merkittävä sepelvaltimotautipotilailla. Kolmas julkaisu sisältää tiedot sairaalan ulkopuolisista sydänpysähdyksistä Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla vuosina 2007–2012. Tässä aineistossa havaitsimme, että rasitukseen liittyvän sydänpysähdyksen alkurytmi oli useammin defibrilloitava, potilaat olivat nuorempia ja terveempiä, ja maallikkoelvytys aloitettiin useammin. Rasituksessa elottomaksi menneillä oli suhteellisen hyvä selviämisennuste. Neljännessä tutkimuksessa havaitsimme selkeästi paremman ennusteen niillä stabiilia sepelvaltimotautia sairastaneilla, jotka olivat liikunnallisesti aktiivisia. Sydänperäinen kuolleisuus oli pienempi myös niillä potilailla, jotka onnistuivat lisäämään liikunnallista aktiivisuuttaan. Samankaltainen tulos todettiin sydänperäisten äkkikuolemien osalta. Sepelvaltimotauti ja miessukupuoli ovat hyvin yleisiä löydöksiä, kun sydänperäinen äkkikuolema tapahtuu rasituksessa. Myös QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä liittyi rasitusperäisiin kuolemiin. Toisaalta potilaan ennuste selvitä on selkeästi parempi sydänpysähdyksen tapahtuessa rasituksessa. Osoitimme myös, että liikunnallinen aktiivisuus ja sen pienikin lisäys parantavat sepelvaltimotautipotilaiden ennustetta

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