Bibliografie tematiche / Legislation, Social, 19th century

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 27 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Bobkov, Vladimir A. "Statutory Regulation of Living of Employees of Military Industry Enterprises of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX to the Beginning of the XX Century". Military juridical journal 2 (4 febbraio 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2070-2108-2021-2-25-28.

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On the basis of historical documents that were not previously introduced into a wide scientific circulation, the features of the normative legal regulation of the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises (arsenals and factories) of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are reconstructed. The dependence of the social relations considered in the article on the development of civil and military legislation of the Russian Empire is shown. The publication found that the legal regulation sought to cover most aspects of the life of workers in military enterprises. The military authorities gave legislative incentives to impeccable and high-quality work, designated socio-economic guarantees for workers in the event of injury, injury or retirement. The corresponding punitive norms of the military legislation were applied to the workers of the military-industrial enterprises who were careless about the case, and sometimes committing antisocial actions. In general, civil and military legislation were harmoniously combined and successfully regulated the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Effective legislative regulation helped boost productivity in military factories and arsenals, and ultimately ensured the strength of domestic weapons and increased Russia’s national security.

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Tevlina, Victoria. "Can they be compared?" Journal of Comparative Social Work 3, n. 1 (1 aprile 2008): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v3i1.36.

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This essay concentrates on the social modernization that took place in Russia and Norway during the period from the late 19th to the early 21st century by examining the origins and the subsequent development of their welfare systems, including the social legislation passed. The focus is on the professional assistance provided and the specialized workers engaged in social care for the underprivileged sections of the population.

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Ivanov, S. Yu. "Legal status of national minorities on the Ukrainian territory in the 19th century". Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 99, n. 4 (21 dicembre 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.4.04.

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The peculiarities of the formation and development of legal status of national minorities, who were on Ukrainian territory during the studied period and were engaged in various types of economic activity, as well as the influence of the general imperial and local legislation on certain aspects of the life of national minorities, have been investigated. The regulatory and legislative acts that determined the legal status of various national communities have been analyzed. The conditions and circumstances under which the process of forming the legal status of national minorities on the territory of Ukraine took place during the 19th century have been shown in general terms. Changes in imperial legislation have been demonstrated depending on the attitude of the current government to certain events in the empire, which ranged from providing comprehensive assistance and support to a restrained attitude, and sometimes to open persecution, introduction of economic restrictions, confiscation of granted lands, etc. This was the case with representatives of the Jewish, German and Polish national minorities. Particular attention has been paid to such legislative documents of various levels as the Regulations on the settlement of Jews, the Regulations on Jews, the Instruction of the Office of Guardianship of Novorossiysk foreign settlers, the Statute on foreign colonies in the empire, the Laws “On the lease of landed property to foreigners for up to 36 years”, “On restricting the right of Catholic peasants to acquire land property in nine Western provinces”, “On the analysis of the gentry in the Western provinces and on the arrangement of this kind of people”, Regulations on the Main Department of Colonists of the Southern Territory, etc. It has been shown that the imperial power fully supported the actions aimed at the gradual assimilation and Russification of national communities, increased social tension, thereby weakening the tendency of the formation of national political forces.

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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota e Mário Vaz. "Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment". Social Sciences 10, n. 8 (9 agosto 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080299.

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The Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th Century. Obtained data were compared with a sample where 392 cases of neo-slavery in Brazil are described. The energy spent and the energy supplied was calculated to identify the enslaved workers’ general feeding conditions in the two historical periods. The general conditions of food and water supply were analysed. It was possible to identify three comparable parameters: food quality, food quantity, and water supply. It was concluded that there is a parallelism of energy replenishment conditions between Brazilian slaves and neo-slaves of the 19th and 21st centuries, respectively, different from that of free workers. This difference can help authorities identify and punish instances of modern slavery.

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Baranovska, T., H. Shpytalenko e H. Lipska-romanchenko. "Establishment and development of state and legal mechanisms to prevent bankruptcy: domestic and foreign experience". Society and Security, n. 1(1) (28 dicembre 2023): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/sas-2023-1(1)-88-93.

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This article analyzes the historical development of the institution of bankruptcy, highlights its evolutionary changes in the context of the general principles of humanism. It is noted that in the past bankruptcy was considered a serious crime, but in the 19th century a transformation of approaches was observed, where harsh sanctions gave way to the humanization of society. Changes in modern trends are considered, pointing to the rejection of the separation of bankruptcy systems and emphasizing the concept of an effective system of insolvency law and bankruptcy prevention. The article is aimed at a retrospective analysis and highlighting of key aspects of the evolution of the bankruptcy institution with an emphasis on the transition from a punitive to a compensatory concept and the importance of preventive measures. The period from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century was considered. The norms and legislative acts of France, Germany, and Italy are analyzed, highlighting the variety of approaches to determining the insolvency and responsibility of debtors. In particular, the laws issued in the 16th century, which for the first time distinguished between unfortunate and malicious insolvency, are examined. An important stage is the analysis of the period of bankruptcy law reforms in the 19th century, when a change in the direction of legislation on business preservation and social protection of employees of debtor enterprises is noted. The article also notes reforms in French and German legislation aimed at balancing liquidation and rehabilitation procedures. The general conclusion is that the history of bankruptcy is closely related to the social organization of the country and the financial challenges of its era.

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Ghazaleh, Pascale. "TRADING IN POWER: MERCHANTS AND THE STATE IN 19TH-CENTURY EGYPT". International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, n. 1 (febbraio 2013): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812001262.

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AbstractIn this article, I argue that commercial legislation promulgated and implemented in Egypt during the first half of the 19th century was one of several factors that diminished the effect of merchants’ social networks, reduced merchants’ identity to a purely professional dimension, and made profit dependent upon association with the state. The transformation of merchants’ social roles was not part of a natural evolution toward modernization and the specialized division of labor. Rather, it resulted from interactions between state-building endeavors, pressures from established merchants who sought to parry threats to their position while profiting from new business opportunities, and an influx of merchants from outside the Ottoman sultanate, who could draw neither on personal connections nor on knowledge of local markets but instead had to depend on the protection of the European consulates and the influence of the growing Egyptian state apparatus.

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Gordeev, I. A., e M. I. Gordeeva. "HISTORY OF LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT ABOUT CHILD LABOUR IN RUSSIA TILL OCTOBER 1917". Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, n. 6 (28 dicembre 2017): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-6-201-211.

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This article is devoted to history of legislation development about child labour in Russia till October 1917. The beginning of industry development in Russia in the 19th century demanded a large number of “working hands”. At the same time businessmen didn't want to lose planned benefit and tried to look for such workers who would be less exacting in compensation at sufficient labor efficiency. Children were such labor and their work was necessary for many factories and plants. State support of Russian bourgeoisie of central part didn't hurry to regulate legislatively labor relations, establish obligations of industrialists in relation to workers in general and juvenile workers in particular. All this explains why restriction projects of juveniles’ labor couldn't be implemented within the 1870th years. Legal labour support in Russia at the end of XIX - the beginning of the XX century was progressive. Acts were adopted in the conditions of not only industrialists’ opposition and workers, but also in the conditions of businessmen competition. Laws governed public relations on labor wage application, children and women labor involvement and also initial training of juveniles in pre-revolutionary Russia. The value of factory legislation acts in regulation of minor workers is high. They opened a way to legal settlement of disputes in industrial environment of the end XIX - the beginning of the XX century. Originally adopted acts were conditional. However under the influence of social, political and legal factors more accurate forms were corrected. Authors note that serfdom cancellation and other reforms of the beginning of the 60th years of the 19th century in Russia were made for broad development of market relations which caused the necessity of working legislation formation. There was a legislative fixing of parties' inequality at enterprises and unpunished exploitation of children.

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Cuno, Kenneth M. "Joint Family Households and Rural Notables in 19th-Century Egypt". International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, n. 4 (novembre 1995): 485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800062516.

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During the past thirty years, the study of the family in European history has developed with a strong comparative emphasis. In contrast, the study of the family in Middle East history has hardly begun, even though the family is assumed to have had a major role in “the structuring of economic, political, and social relations,” as Judith Tucker has noted. This article takes up the theme of the family in the economic, political, and social context of 19th-century rural Egypt. Its purpose is, first of all, to explicate the prevailing joint household formation system in relation to the system of landholding, drawing upon fatwas and supporting evidence. Second, it argues that rural notable families in particular had a tendency to form large joint households and that this was related to the reproduction and enhancement of their economic and political status. Specifically, the maintenance of a joint household appears to have been a way of avoiding the fragmentation of land through inheritance. After the middle of the 19th century, when it appeared that the coherence and durability of the joint family household were threatened, the notables sought to strengthen it through legislation. Their involvement in the law reform process contradicts the progressive, linear model of social and legal change that is often applied in 19th-century Egyptian history.

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Shcherbak, Mykola, e Nadiia Shcherbak. "ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS ABOUT SOCIAL ANTAGONISM IN THE DNIEPER UKRAINE IN THE 19th CENTURY". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n. 29 (2021): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.29.28.

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The article highlights the specifics of the Right Bank of Ukraine and notes that it is in the XIX century was a polyethnic region, which, having its own history, was characterized by ethnic, religious, socio-economic, administrative features and even had its own legislation. Throughout this period, the right-bank Ukrainian lands remained a field of sharp political and social confrontation. Describing the situation on the Right Bank of Ukraine, the authors of the article argue that since joining the Russian Empire, the tsarist government has not taken into account all the features of this territory. He did not pay attention to the Ukrainian people, but saw here only the Polish nobility, which he tried to persuade to his side by various concessions. At the same time, the majority of the population of the Right Bank were Ukrainians, almost all of whom were peasants. At the beginning of the XIX century. There were about 3 million such peasants. Land real estate on the Right Bank of Ukraine was owned by a small number of Polish magnates. It is concluded that after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831, an active policy of Russification began. Right-bank Ukraine has become a field of sharp political and social confrontation. This is confirmed by archival sources, first of all, the office documents of the Chancellery of the Governor-General of Kyiv, Podil and Volyn, which are preserved in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. The authors of the article emphasize that in the second half of the XIX century. the issue of reducing Polish land ownership on the Right Bank of Ukraine was very important in the activities of the local administration. The large number of laws and regulations contained in the collections of legislative acts, the numerous correspondence between local authorities and the center, which is stored in the archives, testify to its special relevance.

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Tsiamis, Costas, Georgia Vrioni, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Vasiliki Gennimata, Mariana А. Murdjeva e Athanasios Tsakris. "Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar". Folia Medica 58, n. 1 (1 marzo 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0001.

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Abstract The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.

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Tesi sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Paterson, Craig. "Prohibition & resistance: a socio-political exploration of the changing dynamics of the southern African cannabis trade, c. 1850 - the present". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002403.

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Looking primarily at the social and political trends in South Africa over the course of the last century and a half, this thesis explores how these trends have contributed to the establishment of the southern Africa cannabis complex. Through an examination of the influence which the colonial paradigm based on Social Darwinian thinking had on the understanding of the cannabis plant in southern Africa, it is argued that cannabis prohibition and apartheid laws rested on the same ideological foundation. This thesis goes on to argue that the dynamics of cannabis production and trade can be understood in terms of the interplay between the two themes of ‘prohibition’ and ‘resistance’. Prohibition is not only understood to refer to cannabis laws, but also to the proscription of inter-racial contact and segregation dictated by the apartheid regime. Resistance, then, refers to both resistance to apartheid and resistance to cannabis laws in this thesis. Including discussions on the hippie movement and development of the world trade, the anti-apartheid movement, the successful implementation of import substitution strategies in Europe and North America from the 1980’s, and South Africa’s incorporation into the global trade, this thesis illustrates how the apartheid system (and its collapse) influenced the region’s cannabis trade.

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Botin, Livia Maria. "Trajetoria cruzadas : meninos (as), moleques e juizes em Campinas 1866-1899". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279819.

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Orientador: Sidney Chalhoub
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia Ciencias e Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Botin_LiviaMaria_M.pdf: 3540041 bytes, checksum: 725ac6d538d685787d633ed2b6970bc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O objetivo principal da dissertação é analisar as intervenções das instâncias jurídicas em Campinas na temática da infância pobre desde a criação do "Censo estatístico dos órfãos pobres", em 1866, até o ano de sua extinção, em 1899 a partir do cruzamento dos processos criminais, ações tutelares e a legislação específica sobre a questão infantil elaborada no século XIX, presente no código criminal e nas ordenações Filipinas. Outra preocupação é resgatar como as crianças pobres enfrentaram a intensificação dessas atuações jurídicas. Através da análise que denomino de ¿perfil social¿ das crianças, buscarei apresentar não só as características étnicas e etárias deste grupo, como também as práticas cotidianas e as estratégias criadas por esses sujeitos. A intenção é entender como, e em que medida, esses indivíduos assimilaram e utilizaram as formalizações do aparelho jurídico para constituir suas visões de mundo
Abstract: The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the juridical instances on the careless child since the creation of the ¿Censo estatistico dos orfãos pobres¿ (Statistic census of the poor orphans), in 1866 till its extinction in 1899, from the crossing of criminal processes, tutelary actions and specific legislation about the child question elaborated in XIX century, present in the criminal code and in the Filipinas ordinances. Another concern is to recover how poor children came face to face with the intensification of these juridical performances. Through the analysis of what I name ¿social profile¿ of the children, I¿ll try to analyze not only the ethnic and age group characteristics, but also the everyday practices and strategies created by them. The intention is to understand how and how far those individuals assimilated and made use of these juridical formalizations in order to constitute their world visions
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

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Miller, Roger, e Torvald Gerger. "Social change in 19th-century Swedish agrarian society". Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90220.

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Tanriover, Betul. "Lebanon:political Dilemma From 19th Century To Present". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611053/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the process of civil wars and political crisis in Lebanon in a historical context, covering the period starting from the civil war of 1860 until the Doha Agreement in 2008. This thesis defines confessional system as a type of democracy implemented in multi-religious societies, which did not change along two centuries in Lebanon. This study aims to establish a different approach on questions such as how far confessionalism can contribute to internal strives and political crisis in Lebanon. The thesis claims that the confessional system that was posed as a solution after civil war periods is the main resource of intercommunal conflicts and this system is open to the manipulation of the foreign actors for their own interests. This thesis also claims that if the national citizenship is applied instead of confessional system, and if Lebanese people unify in terms of national identity, civil wars, political crisis, and foreign intervention could be prevented.

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Brooklyn, Bridget. "Something old, something new : divorce and divorce law in South Australia, 1859-1918". Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb872.pdf.

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Kersting, Felix. "The Political Economy of Social Identity in 19th Century Germany". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22246.

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Diese Dissertation besteht aus vier Kapiteln, die sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten sozialer Identität im Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts befassen. Das erste Kapitel analysiert den Effekt früher Nationsbildung. Daten über die Vornamenswahl der Eltern in acht deutschen Städten und die Klassifizierung der Vornamen erlauben es, Veränderungen der nationalen Identität zu fassen. Anhand der Variation in Familien über die Zeit und des Vergleichs von Städten, die 1815 Teil Preußens werden, mit anderen Städten, die außerhalb Preußens blieben, wird der insgesamt positive Effekt ermittelt. Das zweite Kapitel untersucht die Wirkung von Bismarcks Zuckerbrot-und-Peitsche-Politik auf den Wahlerfolg der Sozialdemokratie. Für die empirische Analyse nutze ich Varianz in bereits bestehenden Krankenversicherungen sowie Informationen zu verbotenen Vereinen in einem Differenz-in-Differenzen Ansatz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es Bismarck’s Politiken zu steigendem Erfolg für die Sozialdemokratie geführt haben. Das dritte Kapitel untersucht die „Getreideinvasion“ der ersten Globalisierung. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Handelsschocks in der Landwirtschaft die Wirtschaft der ländlichen Kreise in Preußen belasten. Entscheidend ist indes, dass dieser Handelsschock aufgrund starker Arbeitsmigration nicht zu einem entsprechenden Rückgang des Pro-Kopf-Einkommens oder einer Zunahme der politischen Polarisierung führte. Im vierten Kapitel wird Max Webers Hypothese einer protestantischen Ethik überprüft. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass Protestantismus nach 1870 weder für das Einkommensniveau noch für die Ersparnisse oder die Alphabetisierungsraten in den preußischen Kreisen eine Rolle spielte. Stattdessen ist, so das Argument, Nationalismus sowohl für die Interpretation von Webers protestantischer Ethik als auch für deren empirische Überprüfung von entscheidender Bedeutung.
This dissertation is composed of four chapters which deal with various aspects of social identity in 19th century Germany. The first chapter analyzes the effect of nation-building in cities that became part of Prussia in 1815. Data on first name choices by parents in eight German cities allow to elicit changes in national identity. Using within-family variation and comparing cities that become part of Prussia with other cities that stayed outside Prussia identifies the overall positive treatment effect. The second chapter investigates the effect of Bismarck’s carrot and stick policies on the electoral success of the socialist party. For identification, I exploit spatial and industry specific variation in treatment intensity due to ex-ante existing local health insurance. The results show that Bismarck failed in reducing the support for the socialist party. The third chapter studies the “grain invasion” – the “China shock” of the first globalization. The empirical results show that trade shocks in agriculture depress the economy of rural counties in Prussia. Crucially, there is no indication of a corresponding decline in income per capita or a rise in political polarization which is attributed to high levels of labor migration. The fourth chapter revisits Max Weber's hypothesis on the role of Protestantism for economic development in its contemporary context. The empirical analysis provides evidence that Protestantism neither mattered for income levels, nor savings, nor literacy rates across Prussian counties after 1870. Instead, the chapter argues that nationalism is crucial for both the interpretation of Weber’s Protestant Ethic and empirical tests thereof. While covering different contexts in 19th century Germany, these chapters are united in dealing with various aspects of social identity – either exploring potential political and economic causes of changes in social identities (chapter 1, 2, and 3) or possible consequences of social identity (chapter 4).

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Read, Margery. "The Blaine Amendment and the Legislation it Engendered: Nativism and Civil Religion in the Late Nineteenth Century". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ReadM2004.pdf.

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Beebe, D. Blair. "Balzac's Rubempré cycle : a social history of early 19th-century Paris /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Southern, Richard Lloyd Vaughan. "Industrialisation, residential mobility and the changing social morphology of Edinburgh and Perth, c. 1850-1900". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13815.

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The aim of this research is to advance the understanding of the impacts of the industrial revolution on urban space during the period 1850-1900. This was a period of great dynamism with high levels of social and economic change, political radicalism and urban growth that had profound effects on the urban landscape. In contrast to much previous research on Victorian urban space, the case study settlements used are Edinburgh and Perth, Scottish burghs with diverse economies not dominated by a heavy industrial sector. The analysis uses data from a variety of sources including the census, valuation rolls and the Register of Sasines. It also draws insights from structuration theory by examining the spatial outcome of various processes in terms of the reflexive relationship between structural factors such as class and capitalism and the residential movements of individuals (agents). Three scales of analysis are used. Thus, meso-scale socio-spatial change is seen as affected by both macro-scale structures and micro-scale actions of agents. By constructing a series of maps and measures of the distribution of social groups at various times over the half century, the thesis demonstrates that socio-spatial differentiation increased markedly over the period. The processes driving this socio-spatial change are identified as the operations of the housing market, structured feeling and mobility. The detailed roles of each is examined. Together, it is argued these are the modalities which link structures and agents and are thus the proximate determinants of socio-spatial change.

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Day, Joseph. "Leaving home and migrating in nineteenth-century England and Wales : evidence from the 1881 census enumerators' books (CEBs)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283973.

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Libri sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Parfit, Jessie. The health of a city: Oxford 1770-1974. Oxford: Amate Press, 1987.

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Hitchens, Christopher. Unacknowledged legislation: Writers in the public sphere. London: Verso, 2002.

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Kalman, Bobbie. 19th century girls & women. New York: Crabtree Pub., 1997.

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Macdonald, Fiona. 19th century Europe: Women in History. London: Chrysalis, 2003.

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Kalman, Bobbie. 19th century clothing. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 1993.

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Kalman, Bobbie. 19th century clothing. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 1993.

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Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan. Social history of 19th century Orissa. Allahabad: Vohra Pub. and Distributors, 1989.

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Vivian, Uı́bh Eachach, e Féile Zozimus (1st : 1991 : Dublin, Ireland), a cura di. 18th/19th century Dublin. Baile Átha Cliath: Gael-Linn, 1992.

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1936-, Sengupta Kalyan Kumar, e Bandyopadhyay Tirthanath, a cura di. 19th century thought in Bengal. Calcutta: Allied Publishers in collaboration with Dept. of Philosophy, Jadavpur University, 1998.

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Macdonald, Fiona. Women in 19th-century America. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Harland, Richard. "Social Theories of the 19th Century". In Literary Theory From Plato to Barthes, 81–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27673-8_5.

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Shott, Brian. "The 19th Century Irish American Press". In Social Justice, Activism and Diversity in U.S. Media History, 165–73. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003299738-23.

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Vercherand, Jean. "The “Social Question” since the 19th Century". In Labour, 9–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137373618_2.

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Andrews, Emily Stella. "Institutionalising senile dementia in 19th-century Britain". In Ageing, Dementia and the Social Mind, 69–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119397984.ch6.

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Cazenave, Noel A. "Industrialization, Socialism, and Social Darwinism in 19th-Century Social Thought". In Kindness Wars, 123–55. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/b23395-5.

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Pring, Richard. "Developing pattern and meaning of education from early 19th century". In Education, Social Reform and Philosophical Development, 5–18. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131731-3.

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Gorecki, Ann. "Policies and legislation in health and social care practice". In Foundations for 21st-Century Health and Social Care, 49–64. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198338-6.

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Tan, Chenhui, e Limin Li. "On the Phenomenon of “Embodiment” in 19th Century British Literature". In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 456–64. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-170-8_51.

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Signore, Mario. "Social and Philosophical Theory in the 19th Century German Thought". In The Discovery of Historicity in German Idealism and Historism, 134–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27352-2_9.

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Schultz, Lucille M. "7. Letter-Writing Instruction in 19th Century Schools in the United States". In Letter Writing as a Social Practice, 109. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/swll.9.07sch.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Gimishyan, Liliana S. "The Anti-Epidemiological Legislation Of Russia In The 19Th Century". In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.37.

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Smolenskaya, Oksana Alekseevna. "Russian Labor Protection Legislation Of Women And Children Of Xix Century". In RPTSS 2017 International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.02.149.

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Grayson, Siobhán, Karen Wade, Gerardine Meaney, Jennie Rothwell, Maria Mulvany e Derek Greene. "Discovering structure in social networks of 19th century fiction". In WebSci '16: ACM Web Science Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2908131.2908196.

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Anisimov, Andrei. "GOTHIC FICTION TRADITIONS IN THE 19TH CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE". In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/62/s27.060.

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Govorunov, Alexander, e Oleg Nogovitsyn. "Leadership in the Russian literature of the 19th century". In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social, Economic, and Academic Leadership (ICSEAL 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseal-19.2019.11.

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Ibragimov, Movsur Muslievich. "Development Of Muslim Education In Chechnya In The 19th Century". In The International Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism». European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.11.39.

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Bokos, Borbala. "CITIES AND TOURIST SIGHTS IN TRANSYLVANIA IN 19TH CENTURY ENGLISH TRAVELOGUES". In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.4/s04.010.

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Fel'dman, Dmitrii Zakharovich. "Drinking crafts of the Jews in Russian Empire in the late 18th - early 19th century: the legislation and practice". In Питейное дело и трезвенническое движение в России с древнейших времен до наших дней. САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ МОСКВА: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Старая Басманная", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/978-5-907169-85-2_2022_201.

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Samoilă, Magda-Elena. "Romanian Women’s Education And Social Activism At The End Of 19th Century". In ERD 2017 - Education, Reflection, Development, Fourth Edition. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.06.103.

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Koroglu, Lenura Ablyamitovna. "Researchers Of The Crimean Tatar Language In The 19th –20th Century". In The International Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism». European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.11.53.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Legislation, Social, 19th century"

Lahey, Joanna, e Marianne Wanamaker. Effects of Restrictive Abortion Legislation on Cohort Mortality Evidence from 19th Century Law Variation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30201.

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Jaramillo-Echeverri, Juliana, e Andrés Álvarez. The persistence of segregation in education: Evidence from historical elites and ethnic surnames in Colombia. Banco de la República, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/chee.58.

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Abstract (sommario):

Inequality in access to high-quality education can hinder the ability of education to promote intergenerational mobility. Looking at the case of Colombia, one of the most unequal and least mobile countries in Latin America, we evaluate whether contemporary differences in access to high-quality education have deep roots in the past. We use several past and contemporary sources to define social status attributes for several historical groups. Assuming that sufficiently rare surnames are part of the same extended family, we trace dynasties of indigenous, encomenderos (Spaniard colonial officers), 19th century slave-owners, and members of different educational, social, and business elites of the 17th, late 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Using microdata from administrative sources, we provide evidence of social segregation in education and test if the historical status of each social group is associated with access to disadvantageous or privileged educational institutions. The results show that the original social status of the historical groups is highly associated with their contemporary performance in educational outcomes. We explore assortative mating as a mechanism for perpetuating segregation in education. We find evidence of homogamy within the historical elites and ethnic surnames. We conclude that the educational system in Colombia reproduces patterns of social exclusion rooted in the past.

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman e Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, settembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss e Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss e Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.

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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.

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