Tesi sul tema "Lasers ultrarapides"
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Comby, Antoine. "Dynamiques ultrarapides de molécules chirales en phase gazeuse". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0230/document.
Testo completoChirality is a geometric property that characterizes objects that cannot be superposed on their mirror image. Our hands are an emblematic example of this, since they exist in two different forms, right and left. While chirality is observed at all scales in the universe, it plays a particularly important role in chemistry. A chiral molecule and its mirror image can react differently with their environment and be therapeutic or toxic. These effects obviously have immense repercussions on the animal and plant kingdom. It then becomes clear that it is essential to study precisely the dynamics of chiral chemical reactions.In this thesis, we studied the ultrafast dynamics of chiral molecules by laser sources of femtosecond duration ($10^{-15}$ s). Molecular chirality is generally difficult to detect, so we have used a recent technique, circular photoelectron dichroism (PECD), to generate a very important chiral signal. We have thus observed ultrafast molecular dynamics at the attosecond scale ($10^{-18}$ s), and highlighted relaxation and ionization dynamics never observed before.In parallel to these time-resolved studies, we have developed several experiments using a new high repetition rate, high mean power Yb fiber laser. We have developed a new method, by extending the PECD, that has allowed us to measure the composition of chiral samples quickly and accurately. Finally, we have developed an ultra-short XUV beamline with very high brightness ($sim 2$ mW). This source, coupled with a photoelectron and photoion coincidence detector, will be used to study chiral recognition mechanisms
Jossent, Mathieu. "Développement de fibres optiques à dispersion contrôlée pour l'élaboration de lasers ultrarapides à 2 µm". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0016/document.
Testo completoThe goal of this PhD thesis is to pave the way towards the demonstration of parabolic amplification at 2 μm in an all-fiber format. The physical theory on self-similar pulse amplification is first presented. The best all-fiber amplifier at 2 μm would need a special Tm-doped fiber with both high normal dispersion and large effective area. Parabolic amplification is however prohibited in silica based singlemode fiber working at 2 μm due to the large anomalous dispersion of silica. To overcome this limitation, a four-mode fiber in which the LP02 mode exhibits high normal dispersion combined with large effective area at 2 μm was designed and manufactured. A dedicated mode converter has also been designed and manufactured. Using the spatially- and spectrally-resolved imaging technique the purity of excitation of the LP02 mode in the passive fiber was evaluated to 99.9%. An ultrashort pulse (100 fs) source tunable from 1.6 μm to 2 μm was implemented to seed the amplifier. This source allowed to measure the LP02 mode dispersion of the passive fiber at the wavelength of 1.95 μm: D = -106 ps/(nm.km) in excellent quantitative agreement with the simulations. Numerical modeling of a nonlinear amplifier based on the realized active fiber shows that MW peak power class pulses centered at 1.9 μm can be obtained at the output of the parabolic amplifier
Ayoub, Anas. "Sources laser ultrarapides performantes dans le moyen IR et le Tz". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR044.
Testo completoThe atome probe tomography is an instrument for analyzing matter in three dimensions with atomic resolution. This instrument relies on the effect of an electric field generated at the end of a sample cut into the shape of a nanoscale needle to evaporate the surface atoms which are collected by a two-dimensional detector. The measurement of the time of flight of the ions whose evaporation is triggered by an electrical or optical pulse makes it possible to measure the chemical composition in addition to the 3D localization of the atoms. In current atome probes, atomic evaporation is triggered by a high-speed laser emitting in the UV. However, the interaction of UV light with matter induces thermal heating which limits the mass resolution of the instrument and prevents its use for the analysis of fragile materials such as biocompatible components. This thesis work aims to study solutions to promote rapid evaporation while inhibiting unwanted thermal effects of the laser in atome probe. Our approach consists in exploiting ultrashort pulses in the mid-infrared or THz domain due to their high ponderomotive energy associated with low photon energy. This manuscript reports on the development of a bench for the generation and characterization of intense THz pulses. Coupling these radiations with a negatively polarized metallic nanotip has made it possible to characterize the near field induced at the surface of the nanotip, which is strongly modified by the antenna effect. The second part reports on the development of an ultra-fast laser source tunable in the mid-infrared around 3 mm using fluoride glass fibers
Tang, Mincheng. "Etude du comportement dynamique des sources laser ultrarapides à base de fibres actives fortement dispersives". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR117/document.
Testo completoUltrafast fiber lasers represent today a ubiquitous technology in various industrial and research applications thanks to their inherent advantages such as compactness, stability and high power. The best performances to date, mostly relying on large mode area fibers and chirped pulse amplification, however require complex experimental developments and are limited by the use of bulk components for pulse stretching and compression. The experimental and numerical work presented in this PhD thesis aimed at exploring original dynamical regimes based on specific active fibers combining large mode area and high dispersions for the generation of high-energy ultra-short pulses. The numerical studies then showed that pulsed regimes with high normal dispersions could be reached by exploiting resonance and mode-coupling phenomena in Bragg or W-type fibers. Studying the influence of the cavity parameters on mode-locking mechanisms allowed to target attractive configurations for energy scaling. The experimental implementation of this concept allowed the development of a dissipative soliton source delivering record high-energy chirped pulses (38 nJ, 700 fs after compression) at 1560 nm. The realization of ultrafast sources based on specific active fibers combined to mode-coupling phenomena then brought the possibility to identify the potentiality and limitations of these particular architectures with high dispersions for energy scaling
Guezennec, Tristan. "Sοurces paramétriques fibrées pοmpées par impulsiοns à fοrte dérive de fréquence : Ρerfοrmances et dynamique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR074.
Testo completoThe use of coherent Raman spectroscopy in various scientific fields has led to the design of multi-wavelength optical sources. In this context, the development of fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (FOPCPAs), the fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse oscillators (FOPCPOs), has enabled the generation of ultrafast, energetic and tunable pulses. This thesis work focuses on the study of FOPCPOs along two main axes: the energy scaling of these sources, with here the production of pulses carrying more than 1 µJ at high repetition rate, and the study of the dynamics of these sources. A comparison with a FOPCPA demonstrates the benefits of FOPCPOs, which tend to generate a less noisy pulse train than an equivalent FOPCPA. This work pavs the way for the integration of these sources, enabling them to be used outside of the laboratory, and also for the development of new Raman spectroscopy methods, thnaks to the wide range of regimes that can be obtained from these architectures
Fourmaux, Sylvain. "Etude de la transition de phase ultrarapide solide/liquide d'un semiconducteur par diffraction X femtoseconde". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0017.
Testo completoHanzard, Pierre-Henry. "Métrologie ultrarapide : application aux dynamiques laser et à l'imagerie". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR042/document.
Testo completoThis PhD work is dedicated to optical characterization in real time. Ultrafast metrology tools have thus been used to study a pulsed laser source and also for physical phenomena imaging. The implementation of a temporally well characterized pulsed laser source allowed the observation of events involving abnormally high intensity, the dynamics of which have also been numerically studied and confirmed. Understanding of these phenomena addresses a fundamental and interesting need to prevent optical damage in laser sources. The use of the imaging technique called “time-stretch imaging” allowed the imaging of liquid sprays at an 80MHz repetition rate. Based on Dispersive Fourier Transform, this technique enables the study of non-repetitive events at high sampling frequency, and thus goes beyond the performance of traditional imaging devices. This technique also allowed the tracking of shockwaves, and thus profiling the shockwave’s velocity variation through its propagation along a certain measuring distance. Shockwave reflection has also been observed
Allard, Jean-François. "Études du processus d'amplification ultrarapide par le colorant laser HITC+". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Cerca il testo completoMaysonnave, Jean. "Dynamique ultrarapide de lasers à cascade quantique Terahertz - le graphène comme émetteur Terahertz". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066360/document.
Testo completoThe terahertz (THz) range is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum which lies at the limit between the electronic and optical domain. Currently, THz applications suffer from the lack of sources and detectors. In this context, this thesis focuses on the fundamental study and the development of new functionalities of different THz sources, usingTHz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) as a base. This powerful tool enables to acquire the temporal profile of a THz electric field and is used to explore the THz emission properties of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and graphene.In the first part, the ultrafast response of QCLs is investigated. A phase control of the electric field of THz QCLs via injection seeding is realised and optimised. This enables the measurement of the amplitude and temporal profile of the laser emission. Throughthese experiments and simulations, a quantitative description of the gain dynamics can be accessed. This information is critical for modelocking. Finally, a fast modulation of the gain of QCLs is realized and leads to short pulses generation (15 ps) in a modelocked regime. These studies open the way for using QCLs as powerful sources in TDS.In the second part, THz radiation generation from graphene under optical excitation is demonstrated by a second order non-linear process. The THz emission results from themomentum transfer from the photons to the electrons of graphene (photon drag). As well as broadband THz generation, novel bandstructure properties of graphene can be explored such as the different dynamics between the photogenerated electrons and holes
Sattler, Tobias. "Commutation ultrarapide de microcavités semiconductrices pour des applications à l'optique quantique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY082/document.
Testo completoThe all-optical injection of free charge carriers into a semiconductor material can change the resonance frequency of an optical microcavity within few picoseconds and allows an ultrafast modification of light-matter interaction. In this PhD thesis, we study the switching of different types of cavities based on GaAs/AlAs materials and explore possible applications.When the resonance wavelength of a cavity is shifted on a timescale shorter than its storage time, the frequency of the stored light is up-converted. In this work, we study this effect experimentally for high Q planar microcavities, able to store light during several tens of picoseconds. Upon ultrafast switching, we observe a large frequency shift (around 17 mode linewidths) of stored light.In agreement with numerical simulations, we evidence an adiabatic behavior and an efficiency close to 100% for this conversion process.When embedded in a cavity, quantum dots can serve as an internal light source for probing cavity modes and their switching dynamics. We use this approach to study two different kinds of microcavities.On one hand, we inject an inhomogeneous distribution of free charge carriers into micropillars, whose interest for quantum optics experiments is well recognized. We observe drastically different switching behaviors for their cavity modes, due to the different overlaps between free carriers and field intensity distributions. This behavior is understood in a quantitative way on the basis of simulations taking into account the diffusion and recombination of electron-hole pairs.On the other hand, we explore the properties of a novel type of microcavity, ovoid ring resonators. We present a characterization of their optical properties, as well as switching experiments. These objects offer appealing perspectives for the fabrication of microlasers, and for quantum optics experiments such as controlling the Purcell effect in real time
Maysonnave, Jean. "Dynamique ultrarapide de lasers à cascade quantique Terahertz - le graphène comme émetteur Terahertz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066360.
Testo completoThe terahertz (THz) range is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum which lies at the limit between the electronic and optical domain. Currently, THz applications suffer from the lack of sources and detectors. In this context, this thesis focuses on the fundamental study and the development of new functionalities of different THz sources, usingTHz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) as a base. This powerful tool enables to acquire the temporal profile of a THz electric field and is used to explore the THz emission properties of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and graphene.In the first part, the ultrafast response of QCLs is investigated. A phase control of the electric field of THz QCLs via injection seeding is realised and optimised. This enables the measurement of the amplitude and temporal profile of the laser emission. Throughthese experiments and simulations, a quantitative description of the gain dynamics can be accessed. This information is critical for modelocking. Finally, a fast modulation of the gain of QCLs is realized and leads to short pulses generation (15 ps) in a modelocked regime. These studies open the way for using QCLs as powerful sources in TDS.In the second part, THz radiation generation from graphene under optical excitation is demonstrated by a second order non-linear process. The THz emission results from themomentum transfer from the photons to the electrons of graphene (photon drag). As well as broadband THz generation, novel bandstructure properties of graphene can be explored such as the different dynamics between the photogenerated electrons and holes
Varin, Charles. "Impulsions d'électrons relativistes ultrarapides à l'aide d'un schéma d'accélération par laser dans le vide". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23911/23911.pdf.
Testo completoAllard, Jean-François. "Études du processus d'amplification ultrarapide par le colorant laser HITC[indice supérieur +]". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3794.
Testo completoMeisterhans, Maïwen. "Développement de composés nano-structurés non-linéaires pour la génération de dynamiques impulsionnelles ultrarapides en cavité LASER fibrée". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK034/document.
Testo completoMy thesis work presented in this doctoral dissertation has started a new research axis within the Carnot Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Burgundy, and is part of the "Information processing devices" program of the Labex ACTION. This research consortium aims to optimize all the steps of an information processing system, using nano-structured materials and non-linear functionalities. In this context, this thesis focuses on the generation of optical signals in the near infrared, with the main objective of hybridizing integrated photonics with fiber laser cavities. These innovative hybrid LASERs offer, by design, many advantages that are particularly sought-after in the field of telecommunications, such as a high repetition rate, greater than 100 GHz, and ultra-short pulses, of the order of 100 fs.The fundamental element of the approach developed during my thesis is the use of on-chip fabricated micro-resonators. The material constituting these structures is the site of non-linear phenomena that can be exalted to generate new frequencies. In addition, by inserting the microstructure into a fiber LASER cavity, it can ensure mode locking and thus pulse generation. Filter driven-four wave mixing is then the mechanism involved.In order to successfully carry out this new project, a full characterization bench was designed. The latter includes a near-field microscope to analyze the electromagnetic field propagating in the on-chip fabricated structure, and more particularly the non-linear propagation of guided modes. In addition, the development and analysis of microstructures were carried out in order to optimize the desired linear and non-linear properties. To do this, several materials such as silicon-on-insulator, chalcogenide glasses and silicon nitrides were tested on about thirty samples.In addition, intra- and inter-laboratory collaborations give this multidisciplinary study subject a great richness. They allowed the demonstration of hybrid LASERs generating pulses with a repetition rate of 250 GHz, as well as the imaging by near-field microscopy of an octave spectral widening in a spiral-folded silicon nitride guide
Zhao, Zhenyu. "Spectroscopie térahertz ultrarapide et propriétés optiques non-linéaires de nanostructures semiconductrices". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066264.
Testo completoGlijer, David. "Effets photo-induits coopératifs: du photomagnétisme sous irradiation continue aux phénomènes ultrarapides- étude par spectroscopie et diffraction X". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002257.
Testo completoSoroushian, Behrouz. "Solvatation de l'électron dans l'éthylène glycol : étude par spectroscopie d'absorption résolue en temps à l'échelle femtoseconde". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112263.
Testo completoBecause of its relatively high viscosity, analogy of the molecule with those of water and methanol and because of having two OH-groups, the ethylene glycol is an interesting media for studying solvation mechanisms of electron. A pomp-probe setup for transient absorption spectroscopy was realised and allowed the spectral measurements over a range of 400 to 750 nm. The solvated electrons were produced in the solvent using a pomp pulse at 263 nm. Time dependent evolution of the sample's absorption spectra show a fast localisation of the ejected electrons by its molecules. The overall evolution of the absorption spectra was described firstly by a model considering discrete transformations between three electron states: quasi-free, presolvated and solvated. In a second model we supposed that after discrete transformation of the quasi-free electron to the presolvated electron, this entity is continuously relaxed to the solvated electron in its equilibrium state. Geminate recombination of the solvated electrons in the ethylene glycol is studied and the coefficient of mutual diffusion and initial separation distance between the ejected electrons and their geminate counterparts are determined. We were studied reactions of the solvated electrons and the silver ions. The photlysis experiments made us able to study dependencies of the reaction rate constant to the distance between reactants
Arbouet, Arnaud. "RÉPONSE OPTIQUE ULTRARAPIDE DE NANO-OBJETS MÉTALLIQUES : EFFETS DE TAILLE". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803216.
Testo completoZhao, Zhen-Yu. "Spectroscopie Térahertz Ultrarapide et Propriétés Optiques Non-Linéaires de Nanostructures Semiconductrices". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00300727.
Testo completo1. Le développement de la spectroscopie Térahertz dans le domaine temporel (THz-TDS) et son utilisation pour mesurer le gain d'un laser à cascade quantique GaAs/AlGaAs.
2. L'étude des effets de 3ième ordre en optique non linéaire dans des verres de Tellure dopés en nanocristaux AgCl, par "Z-scan" et mélange à quatre ondes (DFWM).
A cette fin, nous avons d'abord construit un montage de spectroscopie Térahertz dans le domaine temporel avec deux sources de rayonnement différentes : la rectification optique dans un cristal non-lineaire <110> ZnTe et par ailleurs des antennes interdigités photoconductrices.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la compétition entre la rectification optique, la génération de second harmonique, l'absorption à deux photons, et l'absorption par les porteurs libres. Le faisceau pompe subit une absorption à deux photons et le rayonnement THz émis est diminué, dans les conditions de focalisation, par l'absorption des porteurs libres. La réduction de l'émission THz dans les conditions de focalisation est expliquée, à condition de tenir compte des effets de la diffraction de la source THz sub-longueur d'onde.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié les propriétés de l'émission THz dans le domaine temporel et spectral d'un nouveau type d'antenne photoconductive interdigitée basée sur du GaAs semi-isolant, en fonction de la densité de porteurs et dans une gamme de température allant de 4.2K à 270K. Les propriétés de l'émission THz sont linéaires pour de faibles tensions appliquées mais révèlent des effets de saturation pour des tensions importantes en raison de la diffusion inter-vallées de la bande Γ à la bande L. Les performances THz saturent aussi pour de fortes excitations laser à raison de l'écrantage des charges. La dynamique des porteurs à été étudiée expérimentalement pour différentes températures. Le spectre THz de l'émission se déplace vers les basses fréquences lorsque la température augmente. L'influence de la mobilité électronique est discutée.
Dans une troisième partie, après avoir comparé les deux méthodes de génération THz ci-dessus et décidé d'utiliser les antennes photoconductives comme source d'excitation pour notre montage THz-TDS, nous avons étudié le gain et les pertes d'un laser à cascade quantique (LCQ) fonctionnant à 2.9 THz. Nous avons étudié les variations du gain en fonction du courant injecté, à différentes températures. Nous avons mesuré les spectres d'amplitude et de phase THz, permettant une détermination directe du gain. A la fréquence de fonctionnement du LCQ, nous mesurons un gain de 6.5cm-1. Des effets comme le « clampage » du gain et l'affinement spectral du gain sont observés et discutés.
Pour finir, nous avons étudié le coefficient de polarisabilité d'ordre 3 des verres de Tellure (80TeO2-20Nb2O5) dopés en nanocristaux AgCl. Nous avons produit des échantillons par les techniques fonte-trempe et traitement thermique. Les résultats de la caractérisation révèlent qu'un traitement plus long augmente la tailles des nanocristaux qui donne lieu à l'apparition de plus de défauts et une plus grande déformation du réseau cristallin des nanocristaux aux interfaces avec le verre. Des états électroniques piégés apparaissent sous l'effet de la déformation de la structure cristalline. Une forte absorption à deux photons et une absorption des états électroniques piégés réduit le seuil de la limitation optique. Le coefficient polarisabilité non linéaire χ(3) augmente à cause de la formation des défauts et des états électronique localisés.
Marceau, Claude. "Anisotropie optique ultrarapide induite par la filamentation d'impulsions femtosecondes dans les gaz". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26889/26889.pdf.
Testo completoHanna, Marc. "Sources laser femtoseconde à fibre optique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806296.
Testo completoHou, Xue. "Nano-objets photo-activés pour le ciblage cellulaire et l’hyperthermie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC011/document.
Testo completoPlasmonic nanoparticles possessinteresting properties thanks to the localizedsurface plasmon resonance. In addition totheir high photothermal conversion efficiency,the heat release confinement can bemodulated by the type of light source used(pulsed or continuous laser). These propertiesmake the plasmonic nanoparticles a potentialsolution for cancer therapy by hyperthermia.In order to develop such a biomedicalapplication, it is necessary to optimize theabsorption of light energy and the targeting ofnanoparticles on the tumor considered.In this thesis, the influence of the photogeneratedhot electrons on the absorption ofultrashort laser pulses by nanoparticles is firststudied. Then, a work carried out withchemists, biologists and physicians for theapplication of gold nanoparticles irradiated byultrashort laser pulses to cancer therapy isdescribed. Finally, we present a preliminarystudy on the photoluminescence of plasmonicnanoparticles, the origin of which is stillcontroversial, by applying a model accountingfor the non-thermal nature of the hot electrondistribution
Beaulieu, Nathan. "Propriétés électroniques et magnétiques sous excitation laser femtoseconde, du Gd monocristallin aux alliages ferrimagnétiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953656.
Testo completoCampos, Sandoval Juan Manuel. "Contribution à l'étude de la largeur de mode dans les diodes laser DBR à puits quantiques à deux sections : analyseur spectral ultrarapide pour liaisons DWDM". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112020.
Testo completoStatic linewidth in two-section quantum-well DBR semiconductor lasers exhibits a complex behaviour and his study has attracted less attention than the study of continuosly tunable laser diodes. An original model for the linewidth formule et for the enhancement linewidth factor is a central point of study in this thesis. The influences of the quantique noise and the thermal noise over the linewidth are also points of special interest in the model. The measurements of linewidth have been successfully done over several two-section quantum-well DBR laser diode prototypes and these measurements agree quite well with the simulations of the proposed model. Another goal of this thesis has been the desing and the application of a fast spectral analyzer for tunable sources. This analyzer is twice attractive, first for his use in laboratory measurements and second for his easy implementation in a control system package. Comparation with FP based interferometric analyzers have been made in order to validate the choice of a division wavefront analyzer
Peng, Yi. "Single laser pulse switching in RE-based multilayers without Gd". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0297.
Testo completoThe emerging field of ultrafast spin electronics integrates the ideas and concepts of magneto-optics and opto-magnetism with spin transport phenomena, supplemented with the possibilities offered by photonics for ultrafast low-dissipative manipulation and transport of information. The discovery of all-optical ultra-fast deterministic magnetization switching has opened up new possibilities for manipulating magnetization in devices using femtosecond laser pulses. HI-AOS is predominantly observed in Gadolinium-based Rare Earth (RE) / Transition Metals (TM) ferrimagnetic alloys or multilayers. Notably, it has recently been witnessed in materials without Gadolinium, such as the ferrimagnet Mn2RuxGa and the ferrimagnetic multilayer [Tb/Co]N. In this work, we tried to find new materials that can show single-shot helicity-independent all-optical switching (HI-AOS) and to understand the switching behavior, fundamental mechanism, and switching process in different materials and structures. Therefore, three main parts of work have been done in this thesis:• Study the CoLu alloy, where Lu has the same properties as Gd with small spin-orbit coupling (L=0). Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be obtained in 3 nm of Co100-xLux alloy with x varies between 22% and 42%. Besides, single-shot switching measurements in full film and 3 μm dots array show that nodeterministic switching of the magnetization can be observed. The results can be attributed to the low magnetization and, consequently, too-small angular momentum carried by the Lu element by atomistic simulations. • Single-shot switching in [RE/TM]N multilayers, where the RE layer could be rare-earth metal with larger spin-orbit coupling such as Tb and Dy, and their alloy with transition metals. Starting with [Tb/Co]5 and [Tb/Fe]4 multilayers, the single-shot switching has been extended to various multilayers, bilayers, and trilayers, making it a general phenomenon in Tb- and Dy-based multilayers, which have sperimagnetic properties coupled with transient metals. Interestingly, a complex structure of rings of opposite magnetization directions has been observed at high fluence. According to the pump-probe measurements,We tried to explain the switching mechanism and ring structures, which could be an in-plane reorientation precession mechanism. • Single-shot switching in [Co/Ho]N multilayers, which is a novel material system with the expectation of higher spin-orbit coupling compared to Tb and Dy. Surprisingly, even though the spin-orbit coupling in Ho ( as it is in Tb and Dy) is larger than that of in Gd, which should increase the dissipation of angular momentum to the lattice, the pulse duration/fluence state diagram is close to the Gd-based systems. Studying this new system could help bridge the single pulse reversal processes observed, on the one hand, in Gd-based, on the other hand, in the Tb or Dy-based heterostructures
Caruso, Giuseppe Mario. "Development of a coherent ultrafast transmission electron microscope based on a laser-driven cold field emission source". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30140.
Testo completoThe investigation of the physics of nanoscale systems ideally requires atomic spatial resolution and femtosecond time-resolution. Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy (UTEM) combining subpicosecond temporal resolution and nanometer spatial resolution has recently emerged as a unique tool with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolutions. However, the performances of the first UTEMs were limited by the brightness of the photocathodes used as ultrafast electron source. In this context, it was soon realized that UTEMs relying on laser-driven electron sources based on nanoscale emitters would overcome this limitation. The aim of this thesis is to report the development of an ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscope based on a cold field emission source, which can operate either in DC or ultrafast mode. Electron emission from a tungsten nanotip is triggered by femtosecond laser pulses, which are tightly focused by optical components integrated inside a cold-field emission source close to the cathode. The measured brightness is the largest reported so far for UTEMs. Combining this new high brightness source with an injection/Cathodoluminescence system, composed of a parabolic mirror placed above the sample holder, the UTEM can be used to perform time-resolved ultrafast pump-probe TEM experiments. The possibilities of such an instrument for ultrafast imaging, diffraction, electron holography and spectroscopy are presented. Particular attention has been paid on applications in nano-optics. In particular, Electron Energy Gain Spectroscopy (EEGS) allows to investigate the optical excitations of nanosystems in the energy domain. The ability to easily synchronize ultrashort free electron pulses with the optical excitation of the sample in UTEMs is essential for the observation of strongly nonlinear electron/photon interactions. These experiments will enable us to characterize the spectro-temporal properties of the ultrashort electron beam. Off-axis electron holography performed with ultrafast electron pulses are finally discussed. The electron dose in the specimen plane is considerably reduced due to the low repetition rate of the electron pulse train. This peculiar property of ultrafast FE-TEMs implies that ultrafast holograms are acquired in low-dose-like conditions. As a consequence, the experimental parameters commonly used for the acquisition of off-axis electron holograms with conventional TEMs cannot be directly implemented in the ultrafast mode. Experimental studies were performed to find the optimum conditions for ultrafast off-axis electron holography. Influence of the dose, the coherence length of the source, the illumination condition and the instrument instabilities have been addressed
Meyer, Rémi. "Contrôle du dépôt d'énergie par laser femtoseconde dans les diélectriques par faisceaux de Bessel : profil spatio-temporel de densité plasma et applications au clivage du verre". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9cca4761-0970-4b3d-a6e9-01b766feff4d.
Testo completoThe use of ultrashort pulses for laser ablation allows for a precise energy deposition thanks to a highly confined laser-matter interaction. The non-linear effects causing this confinement are also usually responsible of beam profile distorsions along propagation and intensity instabilities. High cone angle Bessel beams have shown to be excellent candidates for dielectrics processing since they are robust to non-linear effects. In femtosecond regime, they are able to generate in single shot high aspect ratio nanochannels in transparent media. However the ablation dynamics and the coupling with the laser-induced plasma remain partially unclear in this case. The current model describing such interaction is uncompatible with experimental observations. This thesis investigates the laser-plasma interaction and follows two axes of work. First part is focused on the laser-plasma interaction characterization in transparent media and in the case of femtosecond Bessel beam, by developping and exploiting an interferometric pump-probe experiment. We measure the plasma dynamics through the plasma-related complex refraction index modifications, which we resolve in space and time. Preliminary results show a confined plasma (radius < 1 µm) in the transverse direction and whose density approaches the critical density for a pulse energy approaching the nanochannel formation threshold. In a second part, we investigate the effect of aligned nanochannels on the fracture ability of glass samples and its application to glass cleaving. Here we solve two limiting problems to high quality cleaving by spatial beam shape engineering: we demonstrate a signification improvement of 150 µm-thin glass cleaving by the use of elliptical-core Bessel beams; and we establish a proof of principle of 10 mm-thick glass single-pass cleaving thanks to a 3 axicons-based setup
De, Anda Villa Manuel. "Dynamique structurelle induite par laser ultrabref sondée par spectroscopie des photoélectrons résolue en temps". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS193.
Testo completoThis work aims to study the lattice structural dynamics of metals under laser femtosecond excitation using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (Tr-PES). When irradiated by short infrared laser pulses, the thermal out-of-equilibrium state established between hot electrons and a cold lattice rises specific dynamics where the thermodynamic properties of matter are still subject to debate. The theoretical description of highly excited materials is difficult and appeals new experimental results to improve the understanding of these physical processes and material properties. Nonetheless, important challenges arise from the use of Tr-PES. When metals are irradiated with strong femtosecond infrared laser pulses, non-linear effects, like multiphoton ionization, can take place and produce photoelectrons with tenths of eV of kinetic energy. This pump photoelectron background can conceal the probe-induced photoelectron spectrum, and perturb the probe spectrum via Coulomb interactions (called space-charge effect). To overcome these challenges three actions were carried out. We designed and built a 100 eV beamline to avoid the superposition between the pump background and the probe photoelectron spectrum. The pump/probe space-charge effect was extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. Finally, the pump photoemission was greatly reduced in our experiments by carefully tuning the experimental parameters. This led us to perform Tr-PES measurements on copper samples of the lattice structural dynamics following the evolution of the photoelectron spectrum. The experiment constituted a proof-of-principle of the Tr-PES technique to study materials under strong excitation
Torresin, Olivier. "Etude comparée de l'émission d'électrons de nanopointes de tungstène et de diamant : émission de champ et photoémission induite par laser femtoseconde". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30253.
Testo completoThis thesis presents electron emission from metallic (tungsten) and dielectric (diamond) nanotips under femtosecond laser illumination. The behavior of DC emission and laser induced photoemission from tungsten nanotips has been widely studied and we use it to benchmark diamond measurements. In the first part, we study DC emission and photoemission from tungsten nanotips. Numerical simulations made from a finite element model (using COMSOL) of our experimental setup, allow the computation of static and optical field enhancement coefficients linked to the tip geometry. Results are compared with the spatial profile of electron emission, which links the field enhancement area at the tip apex and the electron detection area. In the second part, we study DC emission and photoemission from diamond nanotips. Electron energy measurements highlight the presence of a voltage drop along the diamond tip, due to the low conductivity of this material. Electron emission current inside the tip and at the apex obeys Poole-Frenkel conduction, coupled with Fowler-Nordheim field emission observed commonly for metallic surfaces. We propose a macroscopic model to combine conduction and emission mechanisms for DC emission. Under laser illumination, emission measurements are very different from the metallic case. Electron emission saturates under intense laser illumination. In this regime, we show that the DC current cannot reach its DC value between pulses. By lowering laser repetition rate, we are able to measure the dynamics of the DC current in between laser pulses. We adapt the DC macroscopic model for laser induced photoemission using an effective capacitance, and we show very good quantitative agreement with experimental measurement obtained on diamond nanotips. The last part is an introduction to electron time-of-flight measurements to measure the temporal statistics of electron arrival times. We present the modifications made on the experimental setup to be able to make these kinds of measurements, as well as preliminary results obtained on DC and laser-induced emission from tungsten nanotip
Abajyan, Pavel. "Génération et contrôle de peignes de fréquences optiques dans les lasers à cascade d'interbande (ICL)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS024.
Testo completoOptical frequency combs (OFCs) are coherent light sources that emit a broad spectrum of discrete, perfectly spaced modes, each with an absolute frequency measurable with the precision of an atomic clock.OFCs in the mid-infrared (MIR 3-12 μm) have recently become of great interest to molecular spectroscopy by the presence of strong absorption of molecular vibration and rotation modes in the spectroscopic "fingerprint" region. Nevertheless, the operation of the OFC in the crucial mid-infrared region (MWIR 3-6 μm) remains significantly underdeveloped compared to other parts of the MIR.In this work, we present an in-depth experimental study of a new generation of interband cascade laser (ICL) and their potential for OFCs in MWIR. The thesis provides proof of the OFC regime both by high-frequency beatnote spectroscopy (BN), and by the new technique of temporal reconstruction of the ultrafast dynamics of these lasers, this making it possible to "visualize" the control of the type of operation of the OFC in ICL. In particular, was carried out the optoelectrical characterization of a set of ICLs with a range of geometries, with the aim of studying low group delay dispersion (GDD) ICLs at longer wavelengths than those previously studied: an ICL operating at 3.8 μm with a 2-section architecture, ICLs operating at 4.1 μm, and another generation of ICL operating at a wavelength of 4.2 μm designed with a wide spectral gain. OFC regime formation and GDD are linked and important for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of OFC formation. ICLs were studied using optical and electrical BN spectroscopy. Passive mode locking (PML) (or free running) and active mode locking (AML) were demonstrated. For 2-section ICLs, where the ICL is divided into a long part and a short part for a single cavity, the exact effect of the small section on the BN has been explained: allows to (a) control very finely the intracavity GDD, (b) introducing losses and showing that we converge towards PML behavior.This work then feeds into the case of ICLs operating at longer wavelengths in a single section cavity and where the GDD is expected to be less. In the particular case of the ICLs operating at 4.1 μm, we demonstrate a strong optical BN, which can be injection locked by radio frequency (RF) injection at the round trip frequency of the ICL, showing the first-steps of active modelocking. This injection locking was achieved using a simple single-section laser architecture with very low waveguide dispersion, and showing that adapting the ICL waveguide for RF operation is not a fundamental requirement. In the final part of the thesis, we show the implementation of the "Shifted Wave Interference Fourier Transform Spectroscopy" (SWIFTS) technique, used in two different configurations, to reconstruct the laser's temporal intensity profile at ultrafast timescales. This permits to demonstrate the nature of OFC generated in these ICLs. Indeed, we show that the ICL operates in the frequency modulation (FM) regime when free-running and transits towards an amplitude modulation (AM) regime when actively modelocked. Interestingly, we also show that ICLs can generate short pulses of ~6.7 ps in free-running operation, despite FM operation, and highlight the control of the pulse width and peak intensity via RF injection. This permits to compress the free-running pulses by a factor of 2.3 to obtain sub-3 ps pulses.This work constitutes an important step in the creation and control of OFCs in the MWIR region. The prospects are to broaden the spectral bandwidth of ICLs and generate high-power ultrashort pulses in the MWIR and beyond
Liu, Xuan. "Investigation of the early time period of ultrafast magnetization dynamics". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS146.
Testo completoThe goal of my research is to investigate the early time period of the ultrafast demagnetization in various ferromagnetic materials (Co, Ni, and Fe…) by using different experimental methods, to obtain novel insight on the underlying physical mechanisms. More precisely, the particular questions that motivated me were: 1. In Fe and Ni ferromagnetic alloys, both elements are strongly coupled by exchange interaction. Does this coupling influence the time of demagnetization after pumping with a femtosecond laser? 2. Could the super-diffusive spin-transport be observable to explain the weak spin transport between the layers and the similar demagnetization curve in Co and Pt system? 3. The last question is around the different pump wavelength will truly affect the demagnetization behavior. In this thesis, several different results are clearly presented to try to find the answer of the questions above
Canva, Michael. "Étude des propriétés optiques de molécules organiques encagées dans des matrices solides synthétisées par procede sol-gel. Applications : lasers accordables, mémoire optique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713718.
Testo completoTran, Thomas. "Hybrid magnetic nanocomposites : growth, epitaxy and study of the magneto-optical properties". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS050.
Testo completoMagnetoplasmonics leverages the enhancement of the electromagnetic field, caused by the excitation of plasmons at an interface or by localised plasmons in a nano-object, in order to increase the magneto-optical response of a material. This fosters the growth and design of novel hybrid nanomaterials, combining plasmonic and magnetic properties. In this context, this work aims at the growth and the study of the properties of Au-SrTiO3 and Au-Co0.8Ni0.2-SrTiO3 vertically aligned nanocomposite (VANs) thin films. The samples were grown by sequential pulsed laser deposition leveraging phase separation. The morphology of the VANs and the structure of the thin films were studied by a combination of electron microscopy and spectromicroscopy, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction, validating the possibility to fabricate hybrid nanowires made of two parts, Au and Co0.8Ni0.2, and embedded in SrTiO3. Magnetic measurements displayed a large axial strain in Co0.8Ni0.2, causing an enhancement of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy through magneto-elastic coupling. The excitation of localised plasmons was demonstrated in Au-SrTiO3 thin films by optical measurements. Finally, photo-induced magnetisation dynamics were measured in hybrid Au-Co0.8Ni0.2-SrTiO3 thin films, using a pump-probe time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect set-up. This thesis work is a preliminary report of ultrafast magnetisation dynamics in hybrid nanocomposites, and paves the way for future studies of photo-induced magnetic phenomena in these systems
Clergerie, Alex. "Modélisation de spectroscopie moléculaire par paquets d'électrons attosecondes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0243.
Testo completoOn the basis of previous numerical simulations for atomic targets, we develop a model to describe high-orderharmonic generation in molecules subjected to short and intense laser pulses. In this process, anelectron wavepacket launched through ionization is driven by the field and comes back to the molecular ioniccore that it probes on the attosecond timescale. Our model, to which we refer to as molCTMC-QUEST,describes ionization and electron propagation into the continuum classically, in terms of electron trajectories, while photorecombination is described quantum mechanically. We present the methodology that wehave built, and we later apply it to harmonic generation in water molecules. After simulations in which themolecules remain frozen in their equilibrium geometry throughout the interaction, we explicitly take intoaccount nuclear vibration between ionization and recombination. molCTMC-QUEST provides a quantitativedescription of the generation process combined with an intuitive picture of the interaction inherent in theclassical description of electron dynamics
Colombier, Jean-Philippe. "Théorie et simulation de l'interaction des impulsions laser ultracourtes à flux modéré avec un solide métallique". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011110.
Testo completoLa mise en mouvement ultrarapide des électrons libres insuffle une dynamique puissante de destruction du métal. Des modèles optiques, thermiques et hydrodynamiques adaptés, réalisant la transition entre l'état dégénéré de la matière condensée vers un régime plasma chaud non-dégénéré, sont ici développés. Nous les avons insérés dans un code Lagrangien de simulation hydrodynamique. Nous montrons que des états thermodynamiques extrêmes, hors d'équilibre, peuvent être engendrés et nous avons comparé les taux d'ablation obtenus aux résultats d'expérience.
Une conductivité électrique hors d'équilibre est également développée afin de rendre compte des effets produits par la dynamique électronique sur les propriétés d'absorption optique. Plusieurs types d'expériences numériques, impliquant notamment des dispositifs pompe-sonde, sont ensuite exposés afin d'améliorer notre compréhension des processus de transport (électron-électron et électron-phonon) dans ce régime. Nous avons enfin appliqué cette modélisation aux effets produits par une impulsion mise en forme temporellement afin d'optimiser les expériences d'ablation.
Fourmaux, Sylvain. "Étude de la transition de phase ultra rapide solide/liquide d'un semi conducteur par diffraction X femtoseconde". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00612715.
Testo completoCallenaere, Mathieu. "Étude physique des poches de cavitation partielle en écoulement interne". Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0090.
Testo completoElias, Philippe. "Structure spatio-temporelle de la matière éjectée par une surface soumise a une onde de choc". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1988. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716490.
Testo completoDucousso, Mathieu. "Acoustique picoseconde dans une cellule biologique individuelle". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537030.
Testo completoMerhe, Alaa el dine. "Ultrafast modification of the magnetic anisotropy in a CoTb alloy". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS143/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we report the time evolution of first and third order of magnetic scattering from an amorphous CoTb film after a femtosecond excitation. These results are obtained by applying a resonant small angle X ray scattering at the Co magnetic absorption edge M3 via a repetitive pump probe experiments. Difference in behaviours between the first and third scattering orders was observed after 3.5 ps where a second drop of the third order intensity appears. Using suitable models, we show that this difference is due to an increase of the domain wall width separating two opposite domains. We suppose that this wall broadening is generated by the variation of the out of plane uniaxial anisotropy due to the thermal heating of the lattice by the femtosecond laser pulse. This interpretation is verified by following the uniaxial anisotropy as function of the heating temperature by doing static SQUID-VSM measurements
Scheid, Philippe. "Investigation of light–induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics using ab initio methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0166.
Testo completoThis thesis begins with a review of the current experimental and theoretical state of the art related to the light-induced ultrafast demagnetization and the all-optical helicity-dependent switching. This is followed by an overview of density functional theory, upon which relies most of the work reported thereafter. The first set of results concerns the ab initio study of the effect of a rise in the electronic temperature on the magnetized matter properties, and more specifically Fe, Co, Ni and FePt. We show that the magnetic moment carried by each atom disappears at the so–called Stoner temperature, and that this phenomenon impacts the electronic energy and specific heat, even at low electronic temperature. Then, we show that upon an increase in the electronic temperature, the interatomic Heisenberg exchange, which is responsible for the magnetic ordering, decreases. Using the atomistic Langevin Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, we demonstrate that this decrease is enough to induce a large reduction of the average magnetization by creating transversal excitations. The second set of results regards the origin of the helicity–dependent light–induced dynamics. While the literature attributes it mainly to the inverse Faraday effect, we argue that another and novel phenomenon, which occurs during the absorption of the light, may be more suited to account for the experimental dynamics. Indeed, using the Fermi golden rule and ground state density functional theory calculations in Fe, Co, Ni and FePt, we show that, as the light is absorbed and electrons are excited, concurrently to the increase of the electronic energy, the spin–state is also changed in presence of spin–orbit coupling. This results in a difference in the value of the atomic magnetic moments, persisting even after the light is gone, as opposed to the inverse Faraday effect. Then, using real–time time–dependent density functional theory, we compute the magnetization dynamics induced by real optical and XUV femtosecond circularly polarized pulses. We show that, in both cases the dynamics is helicity–dependent and that this characteristic is largely amplified in the XUV regime involving the semi–core 3p states. Finally, we compare the relative role of the inverse Faraday effect and the magnetization induced during the absorption of the light and show that the latter plays a prominent role, especially after the light has gone, and in the XUV regime
"Impulsions d'électrons relativistes ultrarapides à l'aide d'un schéma d'accélération par laser dans le vide". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23911/23911.pdf.
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