Tesi sul tema "Laser à Ultra Haute Intensité"
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Tatomirescu, Emilian-Dragos. "Accélération laser-plasma à ultra haute intensité - modélisation numérique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0013/document.
Testo completoWith the latest increases in maximum laser intensity achievable through short pulses at high power (femtosecond range) an interest has arisen in potential laser plasma sources. Lasers are used in proton radiography, rapid ignition, hadrontherapy, production of radioisotopes and astrophysical laboratory. During the laser-target interaction, the ions are accelerated by different physical processes, depending on the area of the target. All these mechanisms have one thing in common: the ions are accelerated by intense electric fields, which occur due to the separation of high charge induced by the interaction of the laser pulse with the target, directly or indirectly. Two main distinct sources for charge displacement can be identified. The first is the charge gradient caused by the direct action of the laser ponderomotive force on the electrons in the front surface of the target, which is the premise for the pressure ramping acceleration (RPA) process. A second source can be identified as coming from the laser radiation which is transformed into kinetic energy of a hot relativistic electron population (~ a few MeV). The hot electrons move and recirculate through the target and form a cloud of relativistic electrons at the exit of the target in a vacuum. This cloud, which extends for several lengths of Debye, creates an extremely intense longitudinal electric field, mostly directed along the normal surface, which is therefore the cause of effective ion acceleration, which leads to the normal target sheath acceleration (TNSA) process. The TNSA mechanism makes it possible to use different target geometries in order to obtain a better focusing of the beams of particles on the order of several tens of microns, with high energy densities. Hot electrons are produced by irradiating a solid sheet with an intense laser pulse; these electrons are transported through the target, forming a strong electrostatic field, normal to the target surface. Protons and positively charged ions from the back surface of the target are accelerated by this domain until the charge of the electron is compensated. The density of hot electrons and the temperature in the back vacuum depend on the target geometric and compositional properties such as target curvature, pulse and microstructure tuning structures for enhanced proton acceleration. In my first year I studied the effects of target geometry on the proton and energy ion and angular distribution in order to optimize the accelerated laser particle beams by means of two-dimensional (2D) particle -in-cell (PIC) simulations of the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with several microstructured targets. Also during this year, I studied the theory behind the models used
Carrié, Michaël. "Accélération de protons par laser à ultra-haute intensité : étude et application au chauffage isochore". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608050.
Testo completoDervieux, Vincent Nicolas Marie. "Caractérisation des plasmas chauds et denses produits par intéraction laser à ultra-haute intensité d'une cible solide". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0041.
Testo completoMoulanier, Ioaquin. "Modélisation réaliste de l'accélération laser-plasma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP173.
Testo completoThe interaction of a short laser pulse with an underdense plasma generates strong electric field gradients in the laser beam wake, trapping electrons of the plasma and accelerating them to ultra-relativistic energies. For laser peak intensities above 10 to the power 18 Watt per squared centimeter, the process is non-linear, and the spatiotemporal laser characteristics evolve during its propagation in the plasma.The modeling of the laser transverse distribution measured in experiment, together with its spectral phase,is used to describe the imperfections of the laser and improve the accuracy of the description of the mechanisms during interaction and the resulting electron bunch properties. Numerical tools were developped for the reconstruction of the laser distribution and its integration in particle-in-cell simulations, allowing us to achieve a better agreement between numerical diagnostics and experimental measurements of the electron spectra.The reconstruction algorithm of the laser distribution is introduced, as well as its integration in a quasi-3D particle-in-cell code. Specific examples show the impact of the laser distribution transverse asymmetry in the non-linear interaction regime through simulations that reproduce accurately laser-plasma acceleration experiments performed in the long-focal area of the APOLLON laser facility and at the Lund Laser Centre
Maclossi, Mauro. "Transport dans la matière sous dense et sur dense d'un faisceau d'électrons relativistes, produit par l'interaction d'une impulsion laser à ultra haute intensité". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0063.
Testo completoRamirez, Lourdes Patricia. "Few-cycle OPCPA laser chain". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806245.
Testo completoMalvache, Arnaud. "Optique non-linéaire à haute intensité : Compression d'impulsions laser Interaction laser-plasma". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/index.php?halsid=uofsba7dj5fa0catc3i9mh00v0&view_this_doc=pastel-00677295&version=1.
Testo completoThis mainly theoretical PhD thesis has been done in the framework of high-order harmonics generation on solid targets using 1mJ ultrashort laser pulses (2 optical cycles) at high repetition rate (1kHz), CEP-stabilized. On the one hand, in order to fully use the laser source, I developed a simulation code of hollow-core fiber propagation. The results of this code, associated with an experimental study, allowed to push the energy limitation of this compression technique. On the other hand, I used PIC simulation and I developed a simulation model of CWE in order to quantify its dependence to the laser and plasma parameters. This work first helped to explain the CWE spectrum changes with pulse CEP. Second, by comparing theoretical results with an experimental parametric study, it provided information about the plasma conditions such as density gradient and electronic temperature
Malvache, Arnaud. "Optique non-linéaire à haute intensité : Compression d'impulsions laser Interaction laser-plasma". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677295.
Testo completoPariente, Gustave. "Caractérisation spatio-temporelle d’impulsions laser de haute puissance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS003/document.
Testo completoHigh power laser make it possible to reach very high intensities (up to 10²²W.cm⁻²). In order to get to this level of intensity, a moderate quantity of energy (on the order of the Joule) is concentrated in a very short time (on the order of tens of femtoseconds) onto a small surface (on the order of 1 μm²). These beams are therefore ultra-short and focused with a high aperture optic. These features mean that their diameter prior to focus is large and their spectral width is big. As a result, these beams are subject to spatio-spectral distorsions (of spatio-temporal couplings). After focus, these distorsions induce a dramatic reduction of the peak intensity. This situation is all the more true when the laser is more intense and its diameter and spectral width are therefore bigger. Despite their detrimental effects, spatio-temporal couplings can be of great interest when controlled. One can indeed introduce weak spatio-temporal couplings for experimental purposes. In the 1990s and 2000s, a big effort was put in order to characterize dans optimize the temporal profile of femtosecond lasers. Meanwhile, adaptative optics solutions were developed to control the spatial profil of ultra intense laser beams and provide the best focal spot achievable. By nature, this approach is blind to spatio-temporal couplings. Measuring these distorsions requires a spatio-temporal characterization. Before the start of this Phd thesis, spatio-temporal characterization methods already existed. Although none of these devices were ever adapted to the measurement of ultra-intense laser beams. During this Phd Thesis, we developped a new spatio-temporal characterization technique which we called TERMITES. This technique is based on a self-referenced Fourier transform spectroscopy scheme. TERMITES made it possible for us to perform the first total spatio-temporal characterization of a 100 TW laser (UHI-100 at CEA Saclay, France). The detection of spatio-temporal distorsions with the help of these measurements confirmed the need for a generalization of spatio-temporal characterization of ultra-high power lasers
Alessandra, Bigongiari. "Interaction laser-réseau plasma à haute intensité: excitation d'une onde de surface et accélération de particules". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00758355.
Testo completoLeblanc, Adrien. "Miroirs et réseaux plasmas en champs lasers ultra-intenses : génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé et de faisceaux d’électrons relativistes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS384/document.
Testo completoWhen focusing an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse [I>10¹⁶W/cm²] onto a solid target, this target is ionized at the very beginning of the laser pulse. The resulting dense plasma then reflects the laser in the specular direction: it is a plasma mirror. The ultra-intense laser field can accelerate electrons within the plasma at relativistic speeds. Some are ejected towards the vacuum and these plasma mirrors are therefore sources of relativistic electron beams. Moreover, at each optical cycle they radiate in the form of extreme ultraviolet light, resulting in the generation of high-order harmonics of the laser frequency (HHG). The objective of this PhD is to understand laser-plasma interaction though the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated from plasma mirrors. The first part deals with harmonic beam measurement. Due to the extreme physical conditions during the interaction, detection can only be performed at macroscopic distance from target. Thus, the characterization of the harmonic beams’ angular properties (carried out as a function of interaction conditions in previous works) only provides partial information on the interaction itself. A technique of coherent diffraction imaging, named ptychography, which consists of diffracting a probe onto an object, is transposed to HHG on plasma mirrors by optically micro-structuring the plasma on a target surface. Harmonic fields are then reconstructed spatially in amplitude and phase directly in the target plane. Thanks to this measurement in different interaction conditions, previously developed theoretical analytical models in non-relativistic regime [I<10¹⁸W/cm²] and relativistic regime [I>10¹⁸W/cm²] are experimentally validated. The second part of the PhD is dedicated to the experimental characterization of angular and spectral properties of relativistic electron beams. A theoretical and numerical study shows that this constitutes the first clear observation of vacuum laser acceleration (VLA). Finally, a simultaneous study of harmonic and electron signals highlights a strong correlation between both processes in the relativistic regime
Delaigue, Martin. "Étude et réalisation de sources femtosecondes haute puissance moyenne". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13217.
Testo completoIdlahcen, Saïd. "Imagerie femtoseconde d'un spray Diesel haute pression en proche sortie d'injecteur". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES006.
Testo completoTo understand the atomization process of a liquid jet in the near field of a Diesel injector is a key issue for the optimization of combustion engines. Unfortunately, the difficult conditions presented by Diesel sprays (high liquid density, high speed and small observation field) render classical techniques impractical. In this thesis a time resolved imagery technique (ballistic imaging) is developed and its potential for high speed liquid jet is studied. The experimental set up used in this work consists of an amplified femtosecond laser source (100 fs) and a time-dependent optical gate allowing the selection of light which interacts with the spray. Two configurations are examined, and both systems are arranged in a pump-probe configuration. The first system is based on an optical Kerr gate generated in CS2 liquid, resulting in a temporal resolution of about 1 ps. The system resolution is greatly improved by using two different wavelengths for the pump pulse and the imaging pulse (two-color configuration). The second system is based on the second harmonic generation in a BBO crystal, resulting in sub-picosecond temporal resolution. In addition, a velocity measurement of the structures of a liquid jet has been performed using a double pulse femtosecond laser in a classical imagery configuration. It has been shown that using an optical gate based on the BBO crystal allows the estimation of velocity in the densest part of the jet
Fritzler, Sven. "Sources de particules avec des lasers de haute intensité: un outil pour les diagnostics plasma et une source innovante pour les applications". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000745.
Testo completoPlanchon, Thomas. "Modélisation des processus liés à l'amplification et à la propagation d'impulsions étirées dans des chaînes laser de très haute intensité". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005388.
Testo completoNous présentons les modèles utilisés, qui prennent en compte la propagation, les effets non linéaires et les effets thermiques se produisant dans les chaînes laser basées sur le principe de l'amplification à dérive de fréquence. Une validation expérimentale de ces modèles a permis de souligner l'importance des aspects spatiaux du laser pour modéliser finement le processus d'amplification.
Nous avons également étudié l'importance, durant la propagation, des aspects spatiaux avec des calculs de propagation après un miroir déformable et montré toutes les précautions nécessaires pour l'utilisation d'une boucle d'optique adaptative. Cette boucle d'optique adaptative est utilisée maintenant de manière journalière pour garantir la qualité de la tache focale du laser 100 TW du LOA.
Nous avons réalisé des études sur les effets spatio-temporels créés dans les systèmes de lentilles. Le retard local et l'élargissement de la durée globale, dus au temps de propagation (PTD) dans un système de lentilles, ont été mesurés. Cette mesure directe de l'élargissement global de la durée temporelle est la première à notre connaissance.
Enfin, le futur laser Pétawatt (LUIRE) du LOA a été dimensionné avec les modèles validés précédemment. Nous pouvons atteindre le régime Pétawatt (30 J, 30 fs) avec un amplificateur multipassage supplémentaire dont les caractéristiques sont présentées.
Zumsteg, Cedric. "Spectroscopie ultra haute résolution d'un ion unique de calcium". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507487.
Testo completoOuillé, Marie. "Génération d'impulsions laser proches du cycle optique en durée pour l'interaction laser-matière relativiste à haute cadence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE007.
Testo completoThis experimental thesis was essentially conducted at Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée in Palaiseau (France), on a laser system capable of delivering near-single-cycle duration pulses containing a few mJ of energy at 1kHz repetition rate: the Salle Noire 2. This laser is a Titanium:Sapphire double CPA system with a nonlinear filter in between (based on the crossed polarized wave generation effect) for temporal contrast enhancement, followed by a stretched-flexible hollow-core-fiber based post-compression stage. Using this system, we study laser-matter interaction in the relativistic regime at high repetition rate. We can, on one hand, in gas jets, accelerate electrons in the wakefield of the laser up to several MeVs; and on the other hand, by interacting with plasma mirrors, generate high order harmonics which are associated to bright attosecond pulses in the time domain. Despite the technological prowess in these experiments, the properties of the XUV and electron beams thus generated remain scarcely compatible with the main applications downstream. Following up on previous works in Salle Noire 2, the objective of this thesis was to obtain beams with stable properties, which was achieved by making the laser system more stable and reliable, as well as implementing a fast carrier-envelope phase control loop. By varying the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulses, we could generate XUV continua/isolated attosecond pulses by forming a relativistic-intensity temporal gate at the surface of the plasma mirror, and also produce electron beams exhibiting stable energy and angle of emission, by controlling the electron injection within the plasma accelerator. Additionally, different regimes of interaction with plasma mirrors were experimentally investigated, such as wakefield acceleration of electrons in long plasma density gradients, and the acceleration of protons on the target’s front side (onto which the laser impinges) along the target no rmal direction, in order to measure new observables (electron energy spectra, proton beam divergence) and thus gain deeper insights into the laser-plasma dynamics
Delmas, Olivier. "Étude de la mise en forme temporelle d’impulsions laser de haute puissance pour l’excitation des sources laser X-UV sur la plateforme LASERIX". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS277/document.
Testo completoThe thesis fits within the framework ofsoft x-ray lasers (SXRL) development and has formain objective to study the influence of the temporal shaping of ultra-intense laser pulses, on the efficiency of SXRL generation. My thesiswork consisted in studying, designing and calibrating new pumping schemes through various devices based on the prepulse generation and/or an amount of ASE within the laser driver.In this manuscript, I study their influence on the SXRL generation efficiency by highlighting the optimization parameters such as the delay and the energy ratio between pulses, or the duration of each of them. The experimental study highlights first of all the influence of a prepulse on the SXRL generation efficiency. In the same framework, a device was experimented, allowing to generate within a single laser beam two mainpulses preceded by a prepulse, while maintaining a control over their spectro-temporalcharacteristics.An alternative approach was experimented in which an additional low cost « Q-Switch » lase rwas used to produce a under dense plasma presenting smooth electronic density gradients.This last device has showed excellent performances on a wide wavelength range andhas been used to perfom an experiment of highorder harmonic seeding generated from an Argongas cell on the secondary LASERIX beamline. A noteworthy improvement of the spatial characteristics and the temporal coherence of theSXRL have been observed
Loiseleur, Pierre. "Micro-sources X-UV incohérente et cohérente par décharge capillaire ultra-rapide". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000829.
Testo completoMargoto, Jean-Baptiste. "Développement de dispositifs de diagnostics ultra-haute dynamique mono-coup avec une grande excursion temporelle et caractérisation spatio-temporelle au foyer de lasers femtosecondes ultra intenses". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX107.
Testo completoThis thesis has been carried out in the framework of the international development of high peak power ultrafast laser sources (TW to PW) that push forward the limits in terms of focused light intensity on target (>10^19 W/cm²). The chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique commonly used to amplify femtosecond laser pulses introduces spatio-temporal couplings (STC) in the event of imperfect alignment in the stretcher or compressor elements inside the amplification chain. These STC greatly reduce the peak power at focus. Controlling the temporal contrast of the pulse over several tens of picoseconds and with a high dynamic range is necessary in order to accurately know the laser-matter interaction conditions during experiments.Several techniques for spatio-temporal characterization of femtosecond pulses were studied during this thesis. The TERMITES technique showed its limits due to the experimental conditions inherent to TW and PW lasers (shot-to-shot and pointing fluctuations) and the maximum intrinsic dynamic range.The second technique is the extension of the Self-Referenced Spectral Interferometry with extended time excursion (SRSI-ETE) that aims at characterizing in single-shot both the spatio-temporal shape (in one transverse dimension) and the temporal contrast of the incident pulse. This technique is based on the spatio-temporal filtering by the cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation. Filtering is only effective for weak distortions and experimental measurements could not reconstruct the spatio-temporal shape of the pulse at the compressor output. However, the single-shot measurement of the temporal contrast of the pulse on ±37 ps and a dynamic range of 10^8 were validated by comparing results with a third order autocorrelator.The novel proposed technique, named CROISSANT, relies on the observation of the spatio-spectral intensity of the XPW pulse. Experimental results could characterize in a single laser shot the spatio-temporal shape of the pulse with high sensitivity. The method for identifying the specific STC and its correction method is given for both first- and second-order STC
Thomas, Steven. "Amplification d'impulsions laser ultrabrèves à 10µm par pompage optique dans un gaz de CO² sous haute pression". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66293.
Testo completoRicci, Aurélien José. "Développement d'une source laser ultra-brève, stabilisée en phase et à haut contraste pour l'optique relativiste haute cadence". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0020.
Testo completoRicci, A. "Développement d'une source laser ultra-brève, stabilisée en phase et à haut contraste, pour l'optique relativiste haute cadence". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00841459.
Testo completoGrismayer, Thomas. "Etude théorique et numérique de l'expansion d'un plasma crée par laser : accélération d'ions à haute énergie". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002924.
Testo completoChanteau, Bruno. "Transfert à très haute résolution d'une référence de fréquence ultra-stable par lien optique et application à la stabilisation d'un laser moyen infra-rouge". Thesis, Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132054.
Testo completoThis manuscript details the transfer of an ultra-stable optical frequency reference by means of an optical link and its application to the phase-lock of a mid-infared laser. An optical fiber link allows the ultra-stable transfer of a frequency by using a scheme wich compensates the propagation noise. We extended this system to longer links, and transferred the optical frequency reference simultaneously witn internet data. A cascaded link of 300 km and a simple link of 540 km had been demonstrated with a stability of 10⁻ ¹⁹ at 10⁴ s. Such a link as been used to lock a CO² laser at LPL, emitting at 10 µm, to a frequency reference developed at LNE-SRTE, Observatoire de Paris. This reference is an ultra-stable laser, emitting at 1.54 µm, the frequency of wich is measured against the primary standards of LNE-SYRTE by using a femtosecond laser. This reference is tranferred by an optical link to LPL, in order to stabilize the repetition rate of a second femtosecondlaser and to measure or control the frenquency of a CO² laser. When the CO² laser is locked to a molecular reference (OsO₄), the stability is 4.10⁻¹⁴ at 1s. The performances are even better when the CO² laser is locked directly to the optical reference. Then the laser coulb be used for the experiment of observation of the parity violation in chiral molecules, in progress at LPL. This shows the feasability of high resolution molecular spectroscopy experiments in laboratoratories in wich there is no primary standards
Machinet, Guillaume. "Développement de sources lasers femtosecondes ytterbium à très haute cadence et applications". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14999/document.
Testo completoThis work concerns the development of high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with high average power (>10 W)and energies in excess of 100 μJ. Such lasers are paramount for the development of new industrial applications(athermal micro-drilling, eye surgery, ...) and for fundamental research on high repetition rate laser matter interactionstudies.After a brief introduction and the state of the art summary on high-average power femtosecond laser with ytterbiumdoped materials, a compact high-average power femtosecond laser with a large mode area microstructured rod typeamplifier will be presented. It will browse the main limitations in terms of energy and average power. Limitationsare mainly due to the strong confinement of the electric field propagating in the fibre core leading to non-linear effectsaccumulated during the amplification. On the other hand, for larger core diameter (> 70 μm), the fundamental modeguiding (TEM00) is very weak and thus very sensitive to the internal thermal load of the fibre.This laser source has been used in two specific applications: athermal drilling of thick stainless steel plate for mineclearing(an application of interest for the Direction Générale de l’Armement) and High order Harmonics Generationat high repetition rate (related to CELIA activities). These two applications are presented in the third chapter.In order to stretch the limits and generate more energetic and a shorter pulse, a new amplification scheme has beenproposed, namely high brightness optical pumping of ytterbium doped materials. This concept presented in the lastchapter benefits from the development of high average power single-mode fibre lasers source emitting at 976 nm.This amplification scheme allowed us to realize a high average power Kerr-lens oscillator delivering pulses with apulse duration below than 70 fs and an average power of 2.3W at a repetition rate of 73 MHz. In a second phase, wealso developed a « booster » amplifier with a high single- pass-gain. These two results have been obtained by usingYb-doped CaF2 crystals. This material presents the advantage to have a very broad emission bandwidth (> 60nm)suitable to generate and amplify femtosecond pulses and to be compatible with high average power laser due to hisvery good thermal conductivity
Hardy, Maxime. "Amplification d'impulsions brèves de haute énergie par effet Raman stimulé dans les fibres optiques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27227.
Testo completoThe development in the last decades of mode-locked fiber lasers resulted in the availability of reliable sources of femtosecond pulses that are both used for fundamental research and commercial applications. The wide gain bandwidth and excellent heat dissipation of rareearth-doped optical fibers have made possible the amplification and generation of high-energy ultrashort pulses with high repetition rates. However, phenomena such as nonlinear effects due to the small size of the beam and saturation of the population inversion in the gain medium tend to complicate their use for the amplification of pulses to energies exceeding the millijoule. Several strategies such as stretching the pulses to durations over the nanosecond, using photonic crystal fibers that have a wider core and parallelization have been used to circumvent these limitations, leading to pulses of a few millijoules with durations lower than a picosecond. This master’s thesis presents a novel approach for amplification of ultrashort pulses using stimulated Raman scattering in silica fibers as a gain mechanism. It is well known that this nonlinear effect allows the amplification with a wide bandwidth, such that it is nowadays commonly used in optical-fiber telecommunication networks. Because the adaptation of existing Raman amplification schemes to high-energy ultrashort pulses is not straightforward, we propose instead to transfer energy from a quasi-monochromatic pump pulse to a copropagating ultrashort signal pulse, stretched to comparable durations with a frequency chirp. In order to evaluate the potential of the Raman gain for the amplification of ultrashort pulses, this thesis presents an analytical model allowing the prediction of the amplified pulse’s features, depending upon those of the pump and upon the medium in which they are propagated. We thus find that the wide bandwidth of the Raman gain in silica glass, in addition to its inhomogeneous saturation, allows the amplification of signal pulses to energies of the same magnitude than that of the pump, while keeping their spectrum wide enough to support their compression to ultrashort durations. A few variants of the amplification scheme are presented, and their potential is evaluated using the analytical model or numerical simulations. We predict analytically and numerically the Raman amplification of pulses to energies of a few millijoules, whose durations are lower than 150 fs and having peak powers close to 20 GW.
Favier, Maxime. "Horloge à réseau optique de mercure : spectroscopie haute-résolution et comparaison d'étalons de fréquence ultra-précis". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066598/document.
Testo completoThis thesis presents the development of a high-accuracy optical frequency standard based on neutral mercury 199Hg atoms trapped in an optical lattice.I will present the experimental setup and the improvements that were made during this thesis, which have allowed us to perform spectroscopy on the doubly forbidden 1S0 - 3P0 mercury clock transition with Hz level resolution. With such a resolution, we have been able to conduct an in-depth study of the physical effects affecting the clock transition. This study represents a factor 60 in accuracy on the knowledge of the clock transitions frequency, pushing the accuracy below the current realization of the si second by the best cesium atomic fountains. Finally, i will present the results of several comparison campaigns between the mercury clock and other state-of-the-art frequency standards, both in the optical and in the microwave domain
Bonamis, Guillaume. "Conception et réalisation d’une source laser femtoseconde GHz et applications au régime d’ablation très haute cadence". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0293.
Testo completoThese last two decades, femtosecond laser technology has gained considerably in terms of maturity and reliability. These laser pulses enable materials micro-machining with minimal thermal collateral effects, thus allowing to work with an outstanding precision, even on materials highly sensitive to temperature. Nevertheless, the penetration of femtosecond processing into the industrial manufacturing market is limited due to an insufficient productivity. The current strategies consist of optimizing the processes on the one hand and increasing the average power of these laser sources on the other hand. Another way suggests increasing the femtosecond ablation process efficiency by delivering bursts of low-energy pulses instead of one highly energetic pulse.Recent works showed that using bursts of pulses at repetition rates on the order of GHz allows to reach ablation rates one order of magnitude higher than the ones obtained by standard femtosecond pulse machining. Nevertheless, these promising results are controversial, as other works point out levels of efficiency lower than expected, added to collateral thermal damages on the machined materials. A thorough study of this new ablation regime is thus necessary to ensure that its interest is justified on the one hand, and to point out the optimal configurations of its use on the other hand. Several optical oscillators delivering bursts of femtosecond pulses at GHz-level repetition rates and laser amplifiers have been developed to this purpose. These innovating laser systems benefit from great flexibility in terms of reachable laser parameters (pulse repetition rate and energy, number of pulses per burst notably). This flexibility allowed us to perform a thorough study of the GHz-ablation regime by numerous machining experiments on several materials of industrial interest. This study points out the influence of the different laser parameters and thus to explain the variety of results related to GHz-ablation and to guide the use of this regime under favorable conditions to reach an efficient and high-quality machining
Chopineau, Ludovic. "Physique attoseconde relativiste sur miroirs plasmas". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS132/document.
Testo completoWhen an ultra-intense femtosecond laser beam [Iʟ > 10¹⁶ W/cm²] is focused on a solid target, the surface becomes completely ionized during the first optical cycles of the laser pulse. Due to their solid-like density and to their limited expansion into the vacuum such plasmas specularly reflect these pulses, just like ordinary mirrors do for low intensity. These plasmas are now used in many scientific applications like particle acceleration by laser light as well as high-order harmonic generation, associated to a train of attosecond pulses in the time domain. Nevertheless, to favor these emissions of light or particle, the energy transfert between the incident field and the dense plasma is crucial. The aim of this thesis is to better understand these interactions through the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated on plasma mirrors. We reported in this manuscript the first detailed experimental and numerical study of the coupling mechanisms involved between an ultra-intense laser light [Iʟ > 10¹⁸ W/cm²] and a dense plasma, and more specifically as a function of the gradient scale length Lg. These results enabled to identify two different regimes, clarifying some physical issues. Furthermore, beyond these fondamental aspects, the control of these sources is essential, particularly for futures pump-probe experiments or new spectroscopies. For that, several approaches have been studied to temporally and spatially shape these ultra-short light pulses, thus opening up new perspectives for these sources. We demonstrate in particular the generation of intense XUV vortex beam either by spatially shaping the incident IR field or the dense plasma created at the target surface as well as controlling the electron dynamics on the attosecond time scale with relativistic two-color waveforms. Finally, an innovative method based on in-situ ptychographic measurements has been developed to simultaneously characterize in time and space these ultrashort XUV light pulses, constituting one of the major challenges of the community
Minotti, Angelot. "Contribution à la mesure aéroacoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0017.
Testo completoClaverie, Fanny Donard Olivier. "Développement et applications d'un système laser femtoseconde infra-rouge basse énergie et haute cadence de tir pour l'analyse d'éléments trace dans les solides par couplage ablation laser / ICPMS". Pau : Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/14/50/PDF/These_Fanny_CLAVERIE.pdf.
Testo completoChanteau, Bruno. "Transfert à très haute résolution d'une référence de réquence ultra-stable par lien optique et application à la stabilisation d'un laser moyen-infrarouge". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947696.
Testo completoGallet, Valentin. "Dispositifs expérimentaux pour la caractérisation spatio-temporelle de chaines laser femtosecondes haute-puissance". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112189/document.
Testo completoOne of the advantages of high-power femtosecond lasers (TW-PW) is to obtain, at the focus of a focusing optic, very high intensities up to 10^22W.cm^-2 (i.e. an electric field of 2.7 PV.m^-1. Therefore, these lasers chains necessarily deliver beams with large diameter (up to 40 cm) and very short pulses (of the order of tens of femtoseconds). As a consequence, the spatial and temporal properties of the pulse are generally not independent. Such dependence, called spatial-temporal coupling has the effect of increasing the pulse duration and the size of the focal spot, which can lead to a significant reduction of the maximum intensity at the focus. Metrology devices commonly used on these high-power femtosecond lasers allow retriving the spatial and temporal profiles of the pulse only in an independent manner. The aim of this thesis was to develop techniques for measuring spatiotemporal couplings in order to quantify their effect and correct them in order to obtain the maximum intensity at focus. First of all, we adapted an existing technique of spatio-temporal characterization to the measurement of TW lasers. To avoid the issues induced at the focus, such as those related to jittering, measurements were performed on the collimated beam. By adding a reference source to the original device, we managed to take into account the measurement artifacts due to thermal and mechanical variations affecting the interferometer. With this improvement, it was possible to reconstruct the complete spatio-temporal profile of the beam, particularly its wavefront. However, the limitations imposed by this technique led to the development of a new measurement device. Based on a cross-correlation, this technique consists of making the laser beam to interfere with a part of itself, small enough not to be spatiotemporally distorted. We have also implemented a variant of this device for a single-shot measurement along one transverse dimension of the pulse. Using these techniques, we performed the very first characterization of several TW laser chains. The measurements have revealed the existence of residual space-time couplings leading to a significant decrease of the peak intensity at focus. These results show that it is essential to spatio-temporally characterize high power femtosecond laser chains to obtain the maximum intensity at focus
Rovige, Lucas. "Optimization, stabilization and optical phase control of a high-repetition rate laser-wakefield accelerator". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE011.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis presents experimental work on the development of a high-repetition rate (kHz) laser-wakefield accelerator using few millijoules, near-single cycle laser pulses. We explore a large set of experimental parameters to optimize the accelerator by controlling the plasma density and profile, pulse duration, type of gas and injection mechanism used in experiments. We demonstrate significant performances improvement, notably with progress made on the long-term stability and reliability of the accelerator with continuous and stable operation of the accelerator for several hours accumulating a record of 18 million consecutive shots. We achieve this gain in stability by using a newly designed type of gas target resulting in an asymmetric hydrodynamic oblique shock enabling injection in the downward density transition of the shock region. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we understand in details the underlying causes leading to an optimized and stable acceleration regime. The typical electron beam energy has also been increased by a factor of two, up to 8 MeV, while a single-shot beam divergence as low as 3mrad is achieved using helium instead of nitrogen to form the plasma. We then present the results of a first application experiment in radiobiology where our accelerator is used to irradiate cancerous cells, taking advantage of the newly acquired stability.Secondly, we study the specificity of the interaction of near-single cycle pulses with an underdense plasma that occurs in our accelerator, mainly through the effect of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). We observe and control experimentally for the first time CEP effects in a laser-wakefield accelerator, that manifest through a dependence of the electron beam pointing to the laser initial optical phase. We also show significant (up to 30%) charge variations in some cases when changing the value of the CEP. By carrying out particle-in-cell simulations, we explain these effects by the periodic off-axis injection of several electron sub-bunches triggered by the oscillation of the asymmetry of the plasma wave in the laser polarization direction due to the CEP shifting during propagation. Finally, we discuss preliminary results on carrier-envelope phase effects on the electron energy spectrum associated with ionization injection in a helium-argon gas mixture
Shao, Kai. "Nouvelles méthodes d'imagerie haute résolution pour l'analyse des composants nanoélectroniques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14596/document.
Testo completoUsing the nonlinear interaction between ultra-short laser pulses (λ ~ 0.8μm to1.3μm) and silicon, with multi-photon absorption or optical harmonic generation, to achieve photoelectric stimulation and testing. Development of imaging methods for static and dynamic failure analysis techniques using femtosecond laser (TOBIC, 2pLADA) on integrated circuits
Tang, Mincheng. "Etude du comportement dynamique des sources laser ultrarapides à base de fibres actives fortement dispersives". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR117/document.
Testo completoUltrafast fiber lasers represent today a ubiquitous technology in various industrial and research applications thanks to their inherent advantages such as compactness, stability and high power. The best performances to date, mostly relying on large mode area fibers and chirped pulse amplification, however require complex experimental developments and are limited by the use of bulk components for pulse stretching and compression. The experimental and numerical work presented in this PhD thesis aimed at exploring original dynamical regimes based on specific active fibers combining large mode area and high dispersions for the generation of high-energy ultra-short pulses. The numerical studies then showed that pulsed regimes with high normal dispersions could be reached by exploiting resonance and mode-coupling phenomena in Bragg or W-type fibers. Studying the influence of the cavity parameters on mode-locking mechanisms allowed to target attractive configurations for energy scaling. The experimental implementation of this concept allowed the development of a dissipative soliton source delivering record high-energy chirped pulses (38 nJ, 700 fs after compression) at 1560 nm. The realization of ultrafast sources based on specific active fibers combined to mode-coupling phenomena then brought the possibility to identify the potentiality and limitations of these particular architectures with high dispersions for energy scaling
Van, de walle Aymeric. "Source paramétrique dans l'infrarouge moyen à haute cadence". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO009/document.
Testo completoThis thesis describes the design and construction of an ultrafast high repetition rate laser source in the mid-IR, for applications in strong-field physics and multidimensional molecular spectroscopy. This source is based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, allowing the generation of few-cycle pulses.We first present some applications of these lasers, along with important parameters, to define specifications for the considered source. We then briefly outline the state of the art of similar ultrafast sources described in the literature, to highlight the variety of architectures and performances. In particular, several key points are identified, namely the nature and performances of the pump laser source, the method to generate a seeding signal, and the robustness of temporal synchronization between pump and signal pulses.We proceed to study the possibility of emitting a seed signal around 1.55 µm wavelength by supercontinuum generation in a bulk YAG crystal from femtosecond pump pulses at 1.03 µm. A detailed analysis of the properties of the infrared spectral content of the supercontinuum is carried out, focusing on spectral bandwidth, coherence, shot-to-shot and long term stability, and spatial properties. This work allows us to conclude that supercontinuum generation is a valid approach to generate the seed signal.This leads us to define a novel architecture built around an ytterbium-doped fiber femtosecond pump source delivering 300 fs 400 µJ pulses at a repetition rate 125 kHz. The short pump pulse duration compared to bulk Yb:YAG or Nd:YVO4 based systems results in a number of important advantages. First, it allows efficient seeding at 1550 nm using supercontinuum generation directly from the pump pulses in a bulk YAG crystal, resulting in extremely robust passive pump – signal synchronization. The short pump pulse duration also allows the use of millimeter to centimeter lengths of bulk materials to provide stretching and compression for the signal and idler, which minimizes the accumulation of higher-order spectral phase. Finally, the shorter pump pulse duration increases the damage peak intensity, permitting the use of shorter nonlinear crystals to perform the amplification, which increases the spectral bandwidth of the parametric process. Additional experiments are performed to sort out the phenomena that limit power scaling in MgO:PPLN crystals. The OPCPA stages are all operated in collinear geometry, allowing the use of both signal and idler without the introduction of angular chirp on the latter. These points result in the dual generation of 70 fs 23 µJ signal pulses at 1550 nm and 60 fs 10 µJ idler pulses at 3070 nm from a simple setup
Fayad, Syntia. "Développement d’outils ultra-performants de criblage enzymatique de produits naturels par électrophorèse capillaire". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2032.
Testo completoSkin aging is one of the exterior/external signs of the passage of time. With age, the skin becomes drier and gets wrinkled due to the degradation of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix by skin enzymes such as elastase, hyaluronidase and collagenase. The aim of this thesis is to develop miniaturized enzymatic assays by capillary electrophoresis to screen plant extracts and identify new bioactives for cosmetics and skin wellbeing. These assays were developed either outside the capillary (which serves only as a separation tool) or in the capillary (which then serves as an enzymatic nanoreactor) then optimized to allow the determination of kinetic constants (Km, Vmax and IC₅₀). Tranvserse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) was applied to mix the reactants injected into the capillary. Detectors such as laser-induced fluorescence or high-resolution mass spectrometry have been coupled to capillary electrophoresis to achieve high sensitivities of detection and the possibility of identifying the products of the enzymatic reaction. These miniaturized assays were applied to algae extracted by electroporation or to regional plants extracted by green technologies in order to evaluate their biological activity towards skin enzymes. The assays developed are reliable, robust and economic in reactants consumption. Finally, the use of a new analytical technique, microscale thermophoresis, was shown to be very useful and hopeful for the study of enzyme-effector interactions
Berthillier, Frédéric. "Développement de la spectroscopie DRASC femtoseconde à sonde à dérive de fréquence pour la thermométrie haute cadence dans les milieux gazeux réactifs". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR24/document.
Testo completoThe experimental study of the physico-chemical processes of combustion requires the use of non-intrusive diagnostics. This manuscript reports the development of the CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering)) laser diagnostic in the femtosecond pulse regime for which the Chirped Pulse Probe (CPP) configuration enabled instantaneous measurements of temperature at 1kHz. A theoretical, numerical and experimental study allowed highlighting the possibility to measure temperature from the data processing of instantaneous DRASC spectra acquired in air/argon mixtures (300-600K) and in premixed flame CH4/Air with an accuracy of 1% at 2100 K. Validity of these results was obtained from numerical/experimental confrontations for different scalar parameters configurations. This study would enable in the near future the application of the CPP fs CARS diagnostic in turbulent flames representative of real flows observed in aeronautical combustion
Natile, Michele. "High-repetition rate CEP-stable Yb-doped fiber amplifier for high harmonic generation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS149.
Testo completoIn the last two decades, attosecond physics, based on the high harmonic generation (HHG) phenomenon, has allowed a better understanding of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm. High-energy few-cycles carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilized sources are the main enabling tools for this physics. Recently, temporally compressed Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers have been successfully used as high XUV photon flux HHG drivers. CEP stabilization of these sources would ensure their full compatibility with attoscience. The thesis is devoted to the CEP stabilization of a high repetition rate Yb-doped fiber femtosecond source, for high XUV photon flux beamline applications. In the first part, we present the architecture of such a source at 100 kHz repetition rate delivering 30 microjoules 96 fs CEP-stable pulses. It constitutes a test bench for future energy-scaled few-cycle sources. The CEP stabilization is ensured in a hybrid architecture including a passively stabilized frontend followed by an actively stabilized power amplifier. A residual CEP noise <400 mrad is measured using various setups, including a shot-to-shot measurement over 1 s and a long-term stability over 1 h. In the second part, we discuss the design of a high flux HHG beamline optimized for a future generation of fiber-based driver at 13 nm for applications to coherent diffraction imaging
Pouysegur, Julien. "Amplification d'impulsions femtosecondes dans des amplificateurs à base de cristaux dopés Ytterbium". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO005/document.
Testo completoThe development of laser sources delivering femtosecond pulses at high repetition rate is one of the main axe of reaserch of these 10 past years and is a key for many industrial and scientific applications. In one hand, fiber lasers allow to reach high average power sources, but the strong confinment of the light leads to high nonlinearities limiting output pulse energy. In the other hand, bulk amplifiers cannot provide as short pulse duration as fiber lasers because of crystals spectroscopic properties. However they can reach higher energy. Usually nonlinear effects are deletarious and limit output temporal pulse quality. A technic to tailor and exploid positively these nonlinearities in order to obtain shorter pulses together with high pulse energy in bulk regenerative amplifier is presented in this thesis.Negative dispersion managment prior amplification permits to precompensate the amplifier positive dispersion together with the accumulated nonlinear phase aquired during amplification. In order to deliver ultrashort pulses with an excellent temporal quality theoritical studies have been carried out to optimise the paramaters. By considering dispersion, nonlinearities and limited gain bandwidth, we could demonstrated sub-100 fs pulses with a peak power of hundreds of MW. These results established new pulse duration record in high gain (50 dB) bulk amplifiers.Another study allowed to design new amplifier geometries for power scaling. This has been done by using slab crystal geometry to improved heat dissipation. More than 60W average power has been demonstrated, highlighting the potential of such architecture for high power lasers. We also studied limitations of such design, especially thermal degradation effects, which are one of the main issues of high power bulk amplifier.5 articles have been written thanks to these theoritical and experimental results and have been presented in 10 conferences. As industrial results Amplitude Systemes has lunched into market two new lines of products: a compact and all integrated laser and a TANGOR 100 W
Hazera, Christophe. "NOPCPA ultracourt pompé par CPA fibré haute cadence". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0094/document.
Testo completoIn recent years, the development of femtosecond lasers has been heavily oriented towards high average power sources forboth scientific experiments - such as XUV pulses generation - as well as for industrial applications. This work has been devoted to developa laser source able to amplify ultra-short pulses at a very high repetition rate. In one hand, we develop a high average power (50W)pump laser based on a Fiber Chirped Pulse Amplification (FCPA) technology delivering 400 fs pulses at a high repetition rate (100kHz).In the other hand, a multistage ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers (<10fs) pumped by this source has been then implemented. Toachieve this, we took the benefits of the Ytterbium-doped large-core photonics fibre’s properties in order to approach energies closeto 1mJ. Even in a highly stretched chirped pulse architecture (2ns), using this kind of technology, required to perform studies overdamage and preparation processes of fibers. Thereby, we demonstrated a maximum output power of 90W, but excellent results havebeen obtained in a stable and robust regime in which this laser delivers 60W with pulse durations shorter than 400fs. After frequencydoubling, this laser was sent as a pump into a two-stages - non collinear parametric amplifier made with BBO crystals and a spectrumdelivered a by a CEP-Stable-6fs Ti :sa oscillator has been amplified around 800nm over a spectral bandwidth larger than 300nm witha pulse energy of 19[mu] J (1.9W). By using a stretching and compression scheme based on the combination of silica wedges and chirpedmirrors, the final pulses have been then recompressed down to 9.7fs. These laser systems can be now used to pave the way for vast fieldsof investigation in molecular and atomic physics
Tran, Dang Bao An. "Widely tunable and SI-traceable frequency-comb-stabilised mid-infrared quantum cascade laser : application to high precision spectroscopic measurements of polyatomic molecules". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD060.
Testo completoThe thesis consists in developing a high-resolution mid-infrared spectrometer traceable to primary frequency standards and providing a unique combination of resolution, tunability, detection sensitivity and frequency control. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 10.3 µm is phase locked to an optical frequency comb stabilized to a remote 1.55 µm ultra-stable reference developed at LNE-SYRTE, monitored against primary frequency standards and transferred to LPL via an active noise compensated fibre link. This results in a 0.1 Hz QCL linewidth, a stability below 10⁻¹⁵ at 1 s and an uncertainty on its absolute frequency below 4 × 10⁻¹⁴. Moreover, the setup allows the QCL to be widely scanned over 1.4 GHz while maintaining the highest stabilities and precision. This QCL was used to carry out saturated absorption spectroscopy of several molecules in a compact multipass cell. We demonstrated statistical uncertaintyon line-center frequencies at the kHz level and sub-10 kHz systematic uncertainty. We have recorded several singular K-doublets and many rovibrational transitions of methanol, in particular weak transitions and weak doublets - unreported so far. Precise parameters modelling trioxaneh ave been determined with only a few tens of rovibrational transitions recorded at unprecedented accuracy. The quadrupole hyperfine structure of an ammonia transition has been resolved for thefirst time. This setup constitutes a key element for the project aiming at the first observation of parity violation in molecules currently held at LPL, and, more generally, for various fields of physics, from atmospheric and interstellar physics to fundamental physics beyond the standard model
Natile, Michele. "High-repetition rate CEP-stable Yb-doped fiber amplifier for high harmonic generation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS149.
Testo completoIn the last two decades, attosecond physics, based on the high harmonic generation (HHG) phenomenon, has allowed a better understanding of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm. High-energy few-cycles carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilized sources are the main enabling tools for this physics. Recently, temporally compressed Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers have been successfully used as high XUV photon flux HHG drivers. CEP stabilization of these sources would ensure their full compatibility with attoscience. The thesis is devoted to the CEP stabilization of a high repetition rate Yb-doped fiber femtosecond source, for high XUV photon flux beamline applications. In the first part, we present the architecture of such a source at 100 kHz repetition rate delivering 30 microjoules 96 fs CEP-stable pulses. It constitutes a test bench for future energy-scaled few-cycle sources. The CEP stabilization is ensured in a hybrid architecture including a passively stabilized frontend followed by an actively stabilized power amplifier. A residual CEP noise <400 mrad is measured using various setups, including a shot-to-shot measurement over 1 s and a long-term stability over 1 h. In the second part, we discuss the design of a high flux HHG beamline optimized for a future generation of fiber-based driver at 13 nm for applications to coherent diffraction imaging
Mahmoudi, Asaïd. "Etude des spectres infrarouges à haute résolution des bandes de V2, de D20, HD0 et N02". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066271.
Testo completoStoeffler, Clara. "Spectroscopie à très haute résolution de molécules sublimées en jet supersonique : vers une observation de la non conservation de la parité dans les molécules chirales par spectroscopie laser". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647517.
Testo completoKriegl, Roberta. "A flexible coil array for high resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112425/document.
Testo completoMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), among other imaging techniques, has become a major backbone of modern medical diagnostics. MRI enables the non-invasive combined, identification of anatomical structures, functional and chemical properties, especially in soft tissues. Nonetheless, applications requiring very high spatial and/or temporal resolution are often limited by the available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in MR experiments. Since first clinical applications, image quality in MRI has been constantly improved by applying one or several of the following strategies: increasing the static magnetic field strength, improvement of the radiofrequency (RF) detection system, development of specialized acquisition sequences and optimization of image reconstruction techniques. This work is concerned with the development of highly sensitive RF detection systems for biomedical ultra-high field MRI. In particular, auto-resonant RF coils based on transmission line technology are investigated. These resonators may be fabricated on flexible substrate which enables form-fitting of the RF detector to the target anatomy, leading to a significant SNR gain. The main objective of this work is the development of a flexible RF coil array for high-resolution MRI on a human whole-body 7 T MR scanner. With coil arrays, the intrinsically high SNR of small surface coils may be exploited for an extended field of view. Further, parallel imaging techniques are accessible with RF array technology, allowing acceleration of the image acquisition. Secondly, in this PhD project a novel design for transmission line resonators is developed, that brings an additional degree of freedom in geometric design and enables the fabrication of large multi-turn resonators for high field MR applications. This thesis describes the development, successful implementation and evaluation of novel, mechanically flexible RF devices by analytical and 3D electromagnetic simulations, in bench measurements and in MRI experiments
Guinet, Mickaël. "Première détermination de la constante de Boltzmann par une méthode optique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121051.
Testo completoDans ce mémoire, je décris les solutions apportées pour obtenir un faisceau laser de fréquence parfaitement contrôlée, largement accordable autour de 10 µm et d'intensité constante. Je décris également les options retenues pour le contrôle en température du gaz d'ammoniac.
Les résultats obtenus sont très encourageants, nous avons après seulement 2 ans déjà obtenu une première mesure de la constante de Boltzmann avec une incertitude relative de 1,9X10-4: k=1,38065(26)X10-23 J.K-1.
Dans ce manuscrit, je présente également plusieurs voies d'amélioration à court et moyen termes.
Je présente enfin une expérience de franges de Ramsey-Bordé référencée sur l'étalon primaire de fréquence localisé à Paris (au SYRTE). La chaîne de mesure absolue de fréquence atteint une résolution de 10-14 et l'incertitude pour la mesure de la frange centrale est également de l'ordre de 10-14. A moyen terme, ce système de mesure par rapport à l'étalon primaire pourra être utilisé pour contrôler la fréquence du laser à CO2 dans les futures expériences de mesure de la constante de Boltzmann.
Guinet, Mickaël. "Première détermination de la constante de Boltzmann par une méthode optique". Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132029.
Testo completo