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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Landscape evolution"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Landscape evolution"

1

Ollier, C. D. "Laterite profiles, ferricrete and landscape evolution". Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 35, n. 2 (8 agosto 1991): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/35/1991/165.

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2

Hancock, G. R., G. R. Willgoose e John Lowry. "Transient landscapes: gully development and evolution using a landscape evolution model". Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 28, n. 1 (27 giugno 2013): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0741-y.

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3

Berthling, Ivar, e Bernd Etzelmüller. "The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution". Quaternary Research 75, n. 2 (marzo 2011): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011.

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AbstractRecent accounts suggest that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution and that true large-scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. The lack of a large-scale topographical fingerprint due to periglacial processes may be considered of little relevance, as linear process–landscape development relationships rarely can be substantiated. Instead, periglacial landscapes may be classified in terms of specific landform associations. We propose “cryo-conditioning”, defined as the interaction of cryotic surface and subsurface thermal regimes and geomorphic processes, as an overarching concept linking landform and landscape evolution in cold regions. By focusing on the controls on processes, this concept circumvents scaling problems in interpreting long-term landscape evolution derived from short-term processes. It also contributes to an unambiguous conceptualization of periglacial geomorphology. We propose that the development of several key elements in the Norwegian geomorphic landscape can be explained in terms of cryo-conditioning.

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4

Tucker, Gregory E., e Gregory R. Hancock. "Modelling landscape evolution". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 35, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1952.

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5

Nabieva, Elena, e Georgii A. Bazykin. "SELVa: Simulator of evolution with landscape variation". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2020): e0242225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242225.

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Organisms evolve to increase their fitness, a process that may be described as climbing the fitness landscape. However, the fitness landscape of an individual site, i.e., the vector of fitness values corresponding to different variants at this site, can itself change with time due to changes in the environment or substitutions at other epistatically interacting sites. While there exist a number of simulators for modeling different aspects of molecular evolution, very few can accommodate changing landscapes. We present SELVa, the Simulator of Evolution with Landscape Variation, aimed at modeling the substitution process under a changing single-position fitness landscape in a set of evolving lineages that form a phylogeny of arbitrary shape. Written in Java and distributed as an executable jar file, SELVa provides a flexible framework that allows the user to choose from a number of implemented rules governing landscape change.

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6

de Jong, Jolanda, e Sven Stremke. "Evolution of Energy Landscapes: A Regional Case Study in the Western Netherlands". Sustainability 12, n. 11 (3 giugno 2020): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114554.

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While the transition to renewable energy becomes a main driver of landscape change, few publications discuss the historical transformation of landscapes for the development of energy—commonly referred to as energy landscape. The research reported in this paper investigates the evolution of energy landscapes in the Western Netherlands—a region shaped by peat extraction and dotted with windmills. Five periods have been identified, dominated by wood, peat, wind, fossil fuels, and modern renewables, respectively. During each period, the landscape coevolved with the new energy source hosting new energy infrastructure. The sequence of landscape transformations over the past 10 centuries in the Western Netherlands is illustrated by means of historical paintings, photographs and a series of five georeferenced maps. Our systematic analysis confirms the long-lasting and manifold interrelations between energy development and landscape transformation at the brink of another energy transition. This paper presents the first all-encompassing application of the analytical framework for the study of energy landscapes proposed earlier. The three main qualifications—substantive, spatial, and temporal—provided a clear framework for the systematic study of landscape transformations at the regional scale.

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7

Iwasawa, Junichiro, Tomoya Maeda, Atsushi Shibai, Hazuki Kotani, Masako Kawada e Chikara Furusawa. "Analysis of the evolution of resistance to multiple antibiotics enables prediction of the Escherichia coli phenotype-based fitness landscape". PLOS Biology 20, n. 12 (13 dicembre 2022): e3001920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001920.

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The fitness landscape represents the complex relationship between genotype or phenotype and fitness under a given environment, the structure of which allows the explanation and prediction of evolutionary trajectories. Although previous studies have constructed fitness landscapes by comprehensively studying the mutations in specific genes, the high dimensionality of genotypic changes prevents us from developing a fitness landscape capable of predicting evolution for the whole cell. Herein, we address this problem by inferring the phenotype-based fitness landscape for antibiotic resistance evolution by quantifying the multidimensional phenotypic changes, i.e., time-series data of resistance for eight different drugs. We show that different peaks of the landscape correspond to different drug resistance mechanisms, thus supporting the validity of the inferred phenotype-fitness landscape. We further discuss how inferred phenotype-fitness landscapes could contribute to the prediction and control of evolution. This approach bridges the gap between phenotypic/genotypic changes and fitness while contributing to a better understanding of drug resistance evolution.

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8

Li, Ye, e Claus O. Wilke. "Digital Evolution in Time-Dependent Fitness Landscapes". Artificial Life 10, n. 2 (marzo 2004): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454604773563559.

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We study the response of populations of digital organisms that adapt to a time-varying (periodic) fitness landscape of two oscillating peaks. We corroborate in general predictions from quasi-species theory in dynamic landscapes, such as adaptation to the average fitness landscape at small periods (high frequency) and quasistatic adaptation at large periods (low frequency). We also observe adaptive phase shifts (time lags between a change in the fitness landscape and an adaptive change in the population) that indicate a low-pass filter effect, in agreement with existing theory. Finally, we witness long-term adaptation to fluctuating environments not anticipated in previous theoretical work.

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Zheng, Liming, e Shiqi Luo. "Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm Based on Fitness Landscape Characteristic". Mathematics 10, n. 9 (1 maggio 2022): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091511.

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Differential evolution (DE) is a simple, effective, and robust algorithm, which has demonstrated excellent performance in dealing with global optimization problems. However, different search strategies are designed for different fitness landscape conditions to find the optimal solution, and there is not a single strategy that can be suitable for all fitness landscapes. As a result, developing a strategy to adaptively steer population evolution based on fitness landscape is critical. Motivated by this fact, in this paper, a novel adaptive DE based on fitness landscape (FL-ADE) is proposed, which utilizes the local fitness landscape characteristics in each generation population to (1) adjust the population size adaptively; (2) generate DE/current-to-pcbest mutation strategy. The adaptive mechanism is based on local fitness landscape characteristics of the population and enables to decrease or increase the population size during the search. Due to the adaptive adjustment of population size for different fitness landscapes and evolutionary processes, computational resources can be rationally assigned at different evolutionary stages to satisfy diverse requirements of different fitness landscapes. Besides, the DE/current-to-pcbest mutation strategy, which randomly chooses one of the top p% individuals from the archive cbest of local optimal individuals to be the pcbest, is also an adaptive strategy based on fitness landscape characteristic. Using the individuals that are approximated as local optimums increases the algorithm’s ability to explore complex multimodal functions and avoids stagnation due to the use of individuals with good fitness values. Experiments are conducted on CEC2014 benchmark test suit to demonstrate the performance of the proposed FL-ADE algorithm, and the results show that the proposed FL-ADE algorithm performs better than the other seven highly performing state-of-art DE variants, even the winner of the CEC2014 and CEC2017. In addition, the effectiveness of the adaptive population mechanism and DE/current-to-pcbest mutation strategy based on landscape fitness proposed in this paper are respectively verified.

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Yu, Linjun, Xiaotong Zhang, Feng He e Xiaojun Wang. "Participatory Historical Village Landscape Analysis Using a Virtual Globe-Based 3D PGIS: Guizhou, China". Sustainability 14, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2022): 14022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114022.

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The analysis of historical village landscape characteristics and the influential driving factors of their evolutions can provide an essential decision-making basis for rural sustainable development strategies and landscape planning. How to obtain historical village landscape data at a time when objectively recorded data, such as remote sensing images, were unavailable is a key problem that restricts the analysis of village landscape evolution characteristics. As local villagers are important knowledge sources regarding historical village landscapes, a participatory data collection and analysis approach was used for village historical landscape data in this paper using a virtual globe-based three-dimensional participatory geographic information system (3D PGIS). Taking Duimengshan village, Guizhou, China, as a case study, the 3D landscape of the Duimengshan village and corresponding major historical events in four historical periods, 1958, 1980, 1995, and 2015, were collected in an on-site, interactive way by researchers with the participation of local villagers, and its land-use structure, ecosystem service values, and landscape pattern were analyzed. The results show that the historical landscapes in the four periods were strongly related to important local historical events. The 3D PGIS greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of villagers to participate with its intuitive 3D display form and simple and easy-to-use operation mode. It can be concluded that the historical landscape memory of local villagers and the oral inheritance information handed down from generation to generation can be utilized to make up for the lack of remote sensing and other objective data in the collection and acquisition of historical village landscape data. The obtained historical village landscape characteristics and their evolution laws can be used in future participatory rural planning and landscape design.

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Tesi sul tema "Landscape evolution"

1

Martin, Yvonne. "Modelling geomorphology in landscape evolution". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0030/NQ27198.pdf.

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2

Hurst, Martin David. "Hillslope morphology as an indicator of landscape evolution in tectonically active landscapes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12228.

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Hillslopes comprise the majority of unglaciated upland landscapes; they are the primary source for the production of sediment from bedrock, and the routing system by which sediment is delivered to the channel network. Yet the nature of hillslope response to changes in tectonic, climatic or base-level boundary conditions is poorly understood in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of hillslope morphology. Here I exploit a previously published framework for exploring hillslope morphology in high relief landscapes (Roering et al., 2007), to address several critical questions: Does high resolution topography allow understanding of the processes and rates by which sediment is redistributed on hillslopes? If so, can hillslope morphology be used to map the spatial distribution of erosion rates and facilitate interpretation of the timing and magnitude of tectonic forcing, particularly in transient landscapes which are adjusting their erosion rates? And to what extent does variation in lithology influence hillslope evolution and morphology, and the ability to interpret process rates from hillslope form? In this thesis I sought to explain hillslope adjustment to changing boundary conditions through combining the predictions of analytical and numerical models with detailed analysis of real, high resolution topographic datasets (derived from LiDAR), focusing on two landscapes where the influence of tectonic forcing on base-level history is relatively well constrained, the Middle Fork Feather River in the northern Sierra Nevada, and the Dragon’s Back Pressure Ridge, on the Carrizo Plain, both in California. The Sierra Nevada of California is a west-tilted fault block composed primarily of granitoids formed during Mesozoic arc volcanism. The block underwent acceleration in uplift 5 - 3.5 Ma which is hypothesised to be caused be the drop-off of a dense root from the lower crust and replacement by hot asthenosphere, causing crustal buoyancy. A relict landscape has thus been uplifted and dissected by the major drainage routes crossing the range, which have eroded rapidly to form deep canyons. The fluvial network is characterised by breaks in slope (knickpoints) which migrate into the landscape to transmit the signal of increased erosion, setting baselevel conditions for adjacent hillslopes. Theoretical predictions for the morphology of hillslopes governed by a nonlinear sediment transport law, if the hillslopes have attained steady state (i.e. they are eroding in concert with base-level fall in adjacent valleys) reveal that the curvature of hilltops will be linearly proportional to erosion rates or rate of base-level fall. I present innovative techniques to extract hilltop networks and sample their adjacent hillslopes in order to test the utility of hilltop curvature for estimating erosion rates. This work is carried out in granitoid lithologies where the influence of bedrock heterogeneity is assumed no to be a first order control on hillslope morphology. Existing and new cosmogenic radionuclide analyses in the Feather River basin, California, suggest that erosion rates vary by over an order of magnitude from the remnant upland landscape to the incised river canyon. Hilltop curvature increases with erosion rates, allowing calibration of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient, which controls the relationship between hillslope gradient and sediment flux. This in turn allows the estimation of erosion rates throughout the landscape by mapping the spatial distribution of hilltop curvature. Additionally, despite the landscape containing gradient-limited hillslopes, hilltop curvature continues to increase with rising erosion rates, reflecting higher erosion rates than can be predicted by hillslope gradient. The distribution of hillslope morphology conforms well to predictions of a nonlinear sediment transport model, with measured values of hillslope relief varying with the product of hilltop curvature and hillslope length (proxy for erosion rate) in a manner similar to that predicted by Roering et al. (2007). Hilltop curvature can thus be used to estimate erosion rates in landscapes undergoing a transient adjustment to changing boundary conditions provided that the response timescale of hillslopes is short relative to channels. Having focused on a landscape with roughly uniform bedrock geology to isolate drivers of geomorphic change, I sought to evaluate whether these techniques could be extended across lithologic contacts and throughout the landscape. Underlying geology influences the efficacy of soil production and transport on hillslopes, and resistance to erosion by valley-forming processes. Here, quantitative analysis of LiDAR digital terrain models was performed to search for a topographic signature in two distinct lithologies in the Feather River catchment in northern California; granodiorite and deformed volcanics. The two sites, separated by <2 km and spanning similar elevations, are assumed to have similar climatic and denudation histories. Responding to increased erosion rates, transient hillslopes exhibit high gradient but low hilltop curvature in the metavolcanics relative to theoretical predictions for steady state hillslopes. However, hillslopes in the granodiorite have, for the most part, variation in hilltop curvature, hillslope length and hillslope relief similar to model predictions for steady state hillslopes. The curvature of hilltops adjacent to main stem channels implies that the coefficient of sediment transport is two times larger in the granodiorite (c. 8.8 m2 ka-1) than in the metavolcanics (c. 4.8 m2 ka-1). The data suggest that hillslopes get shorter as erosion rates increase due to the increased influence of debris flows in valley incision, suggesting that drainage density increases with erosion rate. The incision wave associated with more rapid erosion in the Feather River has propagated further into a basin developed on the metavolcanics and hence this substrate is less resistant to channel incision. I review an inventory of values for the transport coefficient for hillslope sediment transport but find that no clear patterns emerge with varying lithology. However in unconsolidated substrates, precipitation may play an important role in modulating sediment transport through variation in rain splash impact frequency and the frequency of wetting/drying, freeze/thaw, and expansion/contraction cycles. Finally I apply the same techniques to study hillslope morphology to a landscape where the tectonic history has a documented influence on landscape development. The Dragon’s Back pressure ridge, Carrizo Plain, CA, consists of a series of small catchments adjacent to the San Andreas fault, where previous detailed geologic mapping has allowed the spatial and temporal distribution of uplift to be constrained. This landscape offers a hitherto unique opportunity to study the temporal evolution of hillslope morphology via ergodic substitution. I show that the time evolution of a sensitive indicator of erosion rate, hilltop curvature, can be predicted using a nonlinear sediment flux law. Further to this, the temporal evolution of relief and hilltop curvature experiences hysteresis as the landscape grows and decays. Relative to steady-state predictions, hillslope morphologies exhibit higher than expected values for relief during active uplift or landscape growth, and lower than expected relief during landscape decay. Therefore landscapes growing due to fault activity can be distinguished from those with quiescent faults undergoing topographic decay.

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3

Jamieson, Stewart S. R. "Modelling landscape evolution under ice sheets". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29818.

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This thesis details the application of numerical modelling techniques to simulate erosion under ice sheets with the aim of better understanding the interrelationships between glacial erosion, long-term landscape evolution and ice dynamics. A model is developed that predicts patterns of basal erosion in a glaciologically sensible manner and shows that ‘fluvial’ landscapes can become ‘glacial’ systems within 100 kyrs. By simulating ice sheet growth and erosion over synthetic landscapes of varying form, amplitude and wavelength the topographic characteristics that are most critical to the evolution of ice dynamics and to ongoing erosion are identified. The model is applied to the solution of two puzzles regarding the interaction of ice, erosion and landscape in Patagonia and Antarctica. In settings similar to Patagonia, glacial erosion is shown to be able to drive large-scale change in ice dynamics on 10⁵ to 10⁶ year timescales. This goes some way to explaining the behaviour of the Patagonian ice sheet since the ‘Greatest Patagonian Glaciation’, whereby ice extents reduce over successive glacial cycles, contradicting patterns of global ice volume. In Antarctica, the model is used to predict the pattern of long-term ice mass expansion and associated patterns of landscape evolution. For the first time, predictions tied to ice dynamics are made regarding the degree to which the Antarctica landscape has been modified by ice as it expands from local to regional ice centres and then to a continental scale ice sheet. Common themes throughout this thesis are that pre-glacial landscape geometry is a critical driver of the pattern of landscape evolution under ice, and that erosion should no longer be considered a passive component of any glacial system over timescales of 10⁵ and greater.

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Boardman, John. "Landscape evolution over Pleistocene and modern timescales". Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400115.

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5

Bosch, Rachel. "Landscape Evolution of the Central Kentucky Karst". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627665906577779.

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Odoni, Nicholas Alan. "Exploring equifinality in a landscape evolution model". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/153687/.

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Model equifinality is the property by which very similar model outputs can be generated by many different combinations of model inputs. It is known in numerical models used in other disciplines, and is thought to be likely in landscape evolution models (“LEMs”) also, as they incorporate many process parameters of uncertain value. LEM equifinality, if pervasive, would be a serious obstacle to falsifying working hypotheses and would frustrate landscape evolution research, but to date it has not been quantified. This is attempted here, by sampling a LEM’s response in its parameter space. A well known LEM (‘GOLEM’, Tucker & Slingerland, 1994), used here as an exemplar, is applied to evolution of a c. 38 km2, 4th order catchment in the Oregon Coast Range. Ten of GOLEM’s parameters are selected for variation, covering mass movement, channel formation, fluvial erosion and weathering processes, and value ranges appropriate for the catchment are established from published data and calibration. Parameter space sampling is then carried out using a response surface methodology approach which reduces by c. 3 orders of magnitude the simulation run size needed to explore the 10-D parameter space. Initial simulations are run sampling the space according to a central composite design of 149 targeted parameter value combinations, which afford estimation of all parameter main and two-way interaction effects. Model outputs at 100,000 years are summarised by four metrics (sediment yield, drainage density, sediment delivery ratio, and a topographic metric), which serve as landscape descriptors. Equations, or “metamodels”, are derived by regression to describe each metric as a function of the GOLEM parameters, and further simulations allow testing and improvement of model fits (R2 of c. 98% for the sediment yield, drainage density and sediment delivery ratio, and c. 92% for the topographic metric). The parameter space is then sampled rapidly and densely (>>106 times), using each metamodel to predict GOLEM’s output at each sample point. Results are compared with a reference value for each metric, to obtain equifinal proportions in a range of permitted tolerance bands around the reference, and using a bootstrap to aid calculation of confidence intervals. The likelihood of obtaining an equifinal result is found to depend on the tolerance band and the metric e.g. the equifinal probabilities for drainage density are estimated to be c. 26% and 58% respectively in the 2% and 5% tolerance bands, compared with c. 68% and 99% for the sediment delivery ratio in the same bands. Where combinations of metrics are used, the polymetric equifinal probability is often lower (and never higher) than it would be for any of the component metrics used singly. Also, the equifinal probability for any metric and tolerance band usually decreases as the number of parameters employed in the model increases. More generally, equifinal probabilities are seen to result from the combinations of parameter main effects and interactions driving each metric, thus allowing equifinality to be explored through the use of metamodel archetypes. Further research using other LEMs is needed, and the response surface methodology is recommended for both its computational efficiency and clarity in this respect.

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Nicholson, Uisdean A. M. "Landscape evolution and sediment routing across a strike-slip plate boundary". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until July 20, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59100.

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Baran, Ramona. "Quantification of landscape evolution on multiple time-scales". Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-148038.

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CARBONO, ALONSO JOAQUIN JUVINAO. "COMPUTER SIMULATION OF LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF DRAINAGE BASINS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21617@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A superfície da terra é formada por processos geológicos que geram as rochas, assim como por processos naturais de degradação e de erosão. A erosão destrói as estruturas que compõem o solo e seu transporte é feito pela ação da água da chuva, do vento, da gravidade e até do gelo. A origem e evolução das bacias sedimentares, dentre outros fenômenos, é estudada pela geologia sedimentar, a qual trata do estudo dos processos físicos, químicos e biológicos atuantes na superfície da terra desde o seu início até os dias atuais. Na atualidade, o uso de modelos que permitem analisar processos de escoamento superficial, desprendimento de partículas e de transporte e deposição de sedimentos em bacias hidrográficas é cada vez mais frequente. O uso e análise desses modelos demonstra que, para escalas relativamente pequenas e áreas não muito extensas, o rebaixamento do perfil dos rios está diretamente ligado aos processos de deformação tectônica. Por outro lado, modelos de previsão de evolução do relevo associados com intemperismo, erosão e deposição de sedimentos, considerando escalas espaciais do tipo regional ou continental e escalas de tempo relativamente grandes (maior que 10(5) anos) devem ser desenvolvidos acoplando tanto efeitos tectônicos como morfológicos. Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo computacional que permite analisar a evolução na mudança do relevo de bacias hidrográficas, em pequena e grande escala, assim como estimar a produção de sedimento resultante do processo erosivo. O algoritmo de análise é escrito na linguagem de programação Cmais mais e considera a simulação de diferentes cenários, que incluem deformação tectônica, processos de encosta (difusão e movimentos de massa) e processos de incisão fluvial, dando-se particular atenção à formação e evolução da rede fluvial de drenagem. Para a análise de resultados, o programa oferece a visualização 3D de diferentes superfícies: distribuição dos sedimentos, evolução da rede fluvial, mudanças topográficas do relevo, etc.
The surface of the earth is formed by geological processes that originate the rocks, as well as for natural processes of degradation and erosion. The erosion destroys the soil structures and the transport of sediments is made by the action of the rain water, wind, gravity and, in some cases, ice. The origin and evolution of sedimentary basins, amongst other phenomena, are studied by the sedimentary geology, which deals with the analysis of physical, chemical and biological processes that act directly on earth surface since its origin until the current days. Nowadays, the use of runoff - erosion models that analyze processes such as detachment of particles and transport and deposition of sediment in drainage basins is every time more frequent. The use of these models demonstrates that, for relatively small scales and not very extensive areas, relief changes are directly related to tectonic processes. On the other hand, landscape evolution models and associated weathering, erosion and deposition with parameterization for regional or continental spatial scales and large time scales (more than 10(5) years), must be developed to adequately couple tectonics and geomorphology. Is presented in this work a computational model to analyze the landscape evolution in hydrographic basins, considering small and large scales, as well as evaluate the production of sediment resultant of the erosive process. The algorithm is written in the programming language C++ and considers the simulation of different scenes, that include tectonics, hillslope processes (diffusion and landslides) and bedrock incision, giving particular attention to the channel network evolution. For the analysis process the program offers the visualization of different 3D surfaces: sediment distribution, drainage network, topographical relieves etc.

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Richardson, Paul William Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Topographic asymmetry and climate controls on landscape evolution". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101346.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-157).
Landscapes are expected to evolve differently under the influence of different climate conditions. However, the relationship between landscape evolution and climate is not well understood. I investigate the relationship between landscape evolution and climate by using natural experiments in which climate varies with slope aspect (geographic orientation) and causes differences in landscape form, such as steeper equator- or pole-facing slopes. In order to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the development of this topographic asymmetry, I adapted a numerical landscape evolution model to include different asymmetry-forming mechanisms such as aspect-induced variations in soil creep intensity, regolith strength, and runoff, and also lateral channel migration. Numerical experiments reveal topographic signatures associated with each of these mechanisms that can be compared with field sites that exhibit asymmetry. I used these numerical model results, along with estimates of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil strength, evidence of stream capture and channel beheadings, and erosion rates determined from cosmogenic radionuclides to determine which asymmetry forming mechanisms are likely responsible for the topographic asymmetry at Gabilan Mesa, a landscape in the central California Coast Ranges. I find that aspect-dependent differences in runoff are most likely responsible for the bulk of the asymmetry at Gabilan Mesa, but lateral channel migration has contributed to the asymmetry in some locations. To further investigate climate's influence on landscape evolution, I compiled new and previously published estimates of slope-dependent soil transport efficiency across a range of climates. I find that soil transport efficiency increases with mean annual precipitation and the aridity index, a measure that describes water availability for plants. I also find that soil transport efficiency varies with lithology and that different measurement techniques can bias estimates of the soil transport coefficient.
by Paul William Richardson.
Ph. D.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Landscape evolution"

1

Carson, Mike T. Archaeological Landscape Evolution. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6.

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2

A, Robinson D., e Williams R. B. G, a cura di. Rock weathering and landform evolution. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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3

1942-, Boardman John, e Quaternary Research Association (Great Britain), a cura di. Soils and quaternary landscape evolution. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1985.

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1960-, Willett Sean D., a cura di. Tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2006.

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Hoorn, C., e F. P. Wesselingh, a cura di. Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444306408.

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Harmon, Russell S., e William W. Doe, a cura di. Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0575-4.

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7

Festival d'histoire de Montbrison (6th 1996). Evolution et représentation du paysage de 1750 à nos jours. Montbrison: Ville de Montbrison, 1997.

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African palaeoenvironments and geomorphic landscape evolution. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press/Balkema, 2010.

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9

Michaux, Bernard. Biogeology: Evolution in a Changing Landscape. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Series: CRC biogeography series: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429053443.

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Schumer, Beryl. Wychwood: The evolution of a wooded landscape. 2^a ed. Charlbury: Wychwood Press, 1999.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Landscape evolution"

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Fowler, Andrew. "Landscape Evolution". In Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, 331–85. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-721-1_6.

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Kelly, Ian. "Landscape Evolution". In Hong Kong, 42–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08784-6_3.

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Shekhar, Shashi, e Hui Xiong. "Evolution, Landscape". In Encyclopedia of GIS, 291. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_386.

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Bryant, Edward. "Coastal Landscape Evolution". In Tsunami, 63–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_4.

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van der Beek, Peter. "Modelling Landscape Evolution". In Environmental Modelling, 309–31. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118351475.ch19.

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Antrop, Marc, e Veerle Van Eetvelde. "Landscape Dynamics and Evolution". In Landscape Series, 141–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1183-6_7.

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Carson, Mike T. "Landscape Evolution as Natural–Cultural History". In Archaeological Landscape Evolution, 3–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6_1.

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Carson, Mike T. "700 B.C.–A.D. 1, Broadened Horizons". In Archaeological Landscape Evolution, 183–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6_10.

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Carson, Mike T. "A.D. 1–500, Temporary Stability". In Archaeological Landscape Evolution, 199–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6_11.

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Carson, Mike T. "A.D. 500–1000, Sustained Use of Coastal and Inland Zones". In Archaeological Landscape Evolution, 211–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31400-6_12.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Landscape evolution"

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Chojnacki, Matthew, e Anna Urso. "AEOLIAN-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION ON MARS". In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282197.

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"Gully development, evolution and erosion using a landscape evolution model". In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.f3.hancock.

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Uludag, Gonul, e A. Sima Uyar. "Fitness landscape analysis of differential evolution algorithms". In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions in System Analysis, Decision and Control. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsccw.2009.5379477.

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Lebrun, M., J. Darbon e J. M. Morel. "A Numerical Implementation of Landscape Evolution Models". In Second Conference on Forward Modelling of Sedimentary Systems. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600381.

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Phillips, Zachary. "LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION MODELING OF GIA-ASSISTED CHANNEL AVULSIONS IN LOW RELIEF RIVERINE LANDSCAPES". In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318623.

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Lavagetto, G., F. D’Antona, L. Burderi, T. Di Salvo, R. Iaria e N. R. Robba. "Binary evolution of PSR J1713+0747". In THE MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS. American Institute of Physics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2774926.

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Covington, Matthew D., Matija Perne, Evan Thaler e Joseph Myre. "MODELING LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION WITHIN LAYERED ROCKS: WHITHER EQUILIBRIUM?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306991.

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Sallam, Karam, Saber Elsayed, Ruhul Sarker e Daryl Essam. "Landscape-Based Differential Evolution for Constrained Optimization Problems". In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477900.

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Neill, James D., M. Sullivan, D. Balam, C. J. Pritchet, D. A. Howell, K. Perrett, P. Astier et al. "The Supernova Type Ia Rate Evolution with SNLS". In THE MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS. American Institute of Physics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2774890.

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Wagner, J. Sage, Catherine A. Rigsby, Cleverson G. Silva e Paul A. Baker. "SEISMOSTRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE OF CENTRAL AMAZONIA: MESO-CENOZOIC LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION". In 65th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016se-273122.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Landscape evolution"

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Walker, D. A., e M. D. Walker. Landscape dynamics in the Arctic foothills: Landscape evolution and vegetation succession on disturbances. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6179258.

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Vreeken, W. J. Geomorphic surfaces and postglacial landscape evolution of the Maple Creek basin, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211124.

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Collins, Daniel B., Gregory E. Tucker, Nicole M. Gasparini e Rafael L. Bras. Application of a Landscape Evolution Model to Gully Management and Reclamation on Military Lands: Fort Carson, CO Case Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378825.

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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore e Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.

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Hart, Lucy. Understanding platform businesses in the food ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.puh821.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is responsible for public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It makes sure that people can trust that the food they buy and eat is safe and is what it says it is. As part of this responsibility, the FSA works to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. As well as any new or magnified risks from which consumers should be protected. One area that has evolved rapidly is that of digital platforms in the food and drink industry. Consumers are increasingly purchasing food via third party intermediaries, known as ‘aggregators’, from a range of vendors. Digital platforms remain a relatively new concept, with many launching in the past decade. As such, there has been a knowledge gap in government about how these platforms work and how they impact the landscape in which they operate.

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Gillespie, Rebecca, e Stephanie Friend. Trends in Twitter conversations about food during 2019-20. Food Standards Agency, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.lbs663.

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As part of our responsibilities, we work to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. To do this, we use science and evidence to tackle the challenges of today, to identify and address emerging risks, and to ensure the UK food safety regulation framework is modern, agile and represents consumer interests. One way we build our understanding of consumer interests and concerns is through social media analysis, which permits real time monitoring of key issues relating to food safety and other consumer concerns.

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Dominic Evangelista, Dominic Evangelista. How do tropical landscapes drive insect evolution? Experiment, agosto 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1139.

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Wolfe, S. A., H. B. O'Neill, C. Duchesne, D. Froese, J M Young e S. V. Kokelj. Ground ice degradation and thermokarst terrain formation in Canada over the past 16 000 years. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329668.

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Thermokarst results from thawing of excess ground ice in permafrost sediments. Thermokarst processes and landforms are controlled by ground ice type, amount and distribution, as well as the patterns of ground ice loss over time. Recent acceleration of varied thermokarst processes across diverse Canadian permafrost terrains make for a challenging task in predicting landscape-scale thaw trajectories. Using existing ground ice models, we examined the modelled amounts and spatial extent of ground ice loss relative to ground ice maxima in the last ca. 16 ka BP for relict, segregated and wedge ice. We relate observed thermokarst features to the nature of ground ice development and loss in different environments (cold continuous permafrost, discontinuous permafrost, and no current permafrost). In cold, continuous permafrost areas where ground ice loss has been limited over the last 16 ka BP, thermokarst processes include active layer detachments and slumps in segregated and relict ice, gullying and ponding in ice wedge troughs, and the cyclical development of shallow thermokarst ponds in segregated ice. With ground ice loss in discontinuous permafrost, thermokarst processes are wide-ranging. Slumps, subsidence, and collapse of lithalsas, palsas and peat plateaus occur from thawing of segregated ice, thermokarst ponds from melting wedge and segregated ice, and involuted terrain from melting and creep of relict or segregated ice. In former permafrost terrain, evidence of thermokarst includes former ice wedge polygons, collapsed lithalsas, and irregular hummocky terrain. The relations between modelled ground ice loss and observed thermokarst landscapes assist in understanding present-day processes and in predicting future thermokarst landform evolution with a changing climate.

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Leckie, D. A., e G. C. Nadon. Evolution of fluvial landscapes in the Western Canada Foreland Basin: Late Jurassic to the modern. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209372.

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Pillay, Hitendra, e Brajesh Pant. Foundational ( K-12) Education System: Navigating 21st Century Challenges. QUT and Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.226350.

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Foundational education system commonly referred to as K-12 school education is fundamental for people to succeed in life as noted in United Nations declaration of human rights. Consequently, decades of investments have helped K-12 sector evolve and respond to new demands but many of the traditional thinking has remained and thus hinder agility and disruptive evolution of the system. In most countries the national school education systems are perhaps the largest single enterprise and subjected to socio-cultural, economic and political influences, which in turn make it reluctant and/or difficult to change the system. However, as the world transitions from industrial revolution to information revolution and now to knowledge economy, the foundational education sector has been confronted with several simultaneous challenges. The monograph reviews and analyses how these challenges may be supported in a system that is reliant on traditional rigid time frames and confronted by complex external pressures that are blurring the boundaries of the school education landscape. It is apparent that doing more of the same may not provide the necessary solutions. There is a need to explore new opportunities for reforming the school education space, including system structures, human resources, curriculum designs, and delivery strategies. This analytical work critiques current practices to encourage K-12 educators recognize the need to evolve and embrace disruptions in a culture that tends to be wary of change. The key considerations identified through this analytical work is presented as a set of recommendations captured under four broad areas commonly used in school improvement literature

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