Bibliografie tematiche / Lamb production

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Lamb production"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Lamb production"

1

Hall, DG, AR Gilmour e NM Fogarty. "Variation in reproduction and production of Poll Dorset ewes". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, n. 2 (1994): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9940415.

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Abstract (sommario):
Poll Dorset ewes were joined to Booroola Merino (n = 22) or Trangie Fertility Merino (n = 26) rams in single sire joinings during late summer/autumn of 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1981. Rams were changed each year and there were 1678 individual ewe joinings. A maximum of 527 ewes were used in any one year, and they represented 14 studs and varied in age, reproductive history and liveweight. The traits, litter size, maternal lamb survival, lambs weaned per ewe lambing and weight of lamb weaned per ewe lambing (kg at 100 days) were analysed for the effect of year, stud, age, lambs born and ewe liveweight. Litter size averaged 1-37, maternal lamb survival 0.70, and number of lambs weaned per ewe was 0.94. There were large variations in the reproductive traits due to year and stud and lesser effects due to age. Each extra kilogram of ewe liveweight at joining increased litter size by 0.012 and weight of lamb weaned by 0.39 kg, but had no significant effect on maternal lamb survival or number of lambs weaned. Multiple-bearing ewes weaned 0.72 more lambs and 16 - 2 kg more lamb weight than single-bearing ewes. Lamb survival was similar for singleand multiple-bearing ewes. Greasy fleece weight averaged 2.2 kg ewe-' and single bearing ewes produced 0.19 kg/ewe more than multiple-bearing ewes. Dystocia caused 53% and starvation/mismothering/exposure caused 23% of lamb deaths; the proportion of deaths due to starvation/mismothering/exposure increased with increasing ewe joining liveweight. The large variation between studs in reproductive performance partly reflected genetic differences between Poll Dorset flocks which could be exploited. Estimates of heritabilities ranged from 0.06 to 0.14 � 0.10 for the reproductive traits and were 0.10 � 0.12 for ewe liveweight and 0.16 � 0.20 for greasy fleece weight. However much of the between stud variation may also have arisen from early environmental effects. Estimates of repeatability ranged from 0.06 to 0.l5 � 0 05 for reproduction traits and were 0.44 � 0.06 for ewe liveweight at joining and 0.56 � 0.08 for greasy fleece weight.
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2

Pattinson, S., D. A. R. Davies e A. Winter. "Colostrum and lamb production of prolific ewes". BSAP Occasional Publication 15 (1992): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00004195.

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Abstract (sommario):
The prolific ewe can be regarded as a valuable asset only if she produces viable lambs and, at the same time, sufficient colostrum to meet their needs for energy (MJ) and immunoglobulin (Ig) in the first days of life.The energy requirements of the lamb will depend on its weight and the climatic conditions of its surroundings. Mellor and Murray (1986) recommend 180 ml colostrum per kg body weight during the first 18 h of life for lambs born indoors and 210 ml/kg body weight for lambs born in field conditions. The Ig requirement of the lamb will depend on its size and the disease challenge of the environment into which it is born.Although lower immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels have been recorded in dead lambs compared with live lambs (Halliday, 1968 and 1978; Khalaf, Doxey, Baxter, Black, FitzSimons and Ferguson, 1979), it has been shown that many lambs having low serum IgG levels do survive (Halliday, 1974) and some with high levels die (Halliday, 1978).The minimum intake of colostrum required for passive immunity is not known, but it is probably considerably less than that needed to meet the energy requirements (Mellor and Murray, 1986). Spedding, Treacher and Penning (1970) showed that as little as 8 g colostrum per kg lamb birth weight can provide protection from disease. Under poor conditions of hygiene this would probably not be sufficient. It thus seems likely that provided that the energy requirement of the lamb is met by feeding it colostrum, the Ig requirement will also be met.
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3

Lambe, N. R., M. J. Young, G. Simm, J. Conington e S. Brotherstone. "Seasonal tissue changes in Scottish Blackface ewes over multiple production cycles". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011637.

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A previous study using X-ray computed tomography (CT) of Scottish Blackface hill ewes found that carcass fat, internal fat and muscle are depleted during pregnancy and early lactation and deposited during late lactation and the dry period. Relationships were also found between fat and muscle levels and lamb production traits (Lambe et al., 2002a). Changes in tissue levels over multiple production cycles of the hill ewe, and how these changes relate to lamb production are also of interest. The aims of this study were to model changes in carcass fat, internal fat and muscle through three production cycles and to compare patterns of tissue change in ewes producing different numbers of lambs.
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4

Adeleye, I. O. A. "SEASONAL EFFECTS ON LAMB PRODUCTION UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 11, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v11i2.2548.

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Observations were made over a period of three years on a total of 336 West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes that were mated to four rams in rotation. Out of a total of 753 lambs obtained, 459 (61%) were produced in the wet season as compared to 294 (39%) produced in the dry season. More lambs were produced as a result of multiple birth (twins and triplets) in the wet than in the dry season. Consequently, the average birth weight of the wet season lambs (1.58kg) was lower than the average birth weight (1.66 kg) of the dry season lambs. Despite this initial disadvantage, the wet season lambs had a higher average weaning weight (9.11 kg) than the dry season lambs (7.83 kg). The effects of season on pre weaning lamb mortality was minimal while the effects of type of birth were quite apparent. Lowest pre-weaning lamb mortality values were recorded for single lambs, followed by twins and triplets, in ascending order. The data also showed that a slightly higher proportion of the male lambs reached weaning age than female lambs. This observation could be associated with reported inverse relationship between lamb birth weight and mortality found in literature.
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5

Freer, M., JR Donnelly, A. Axelsen, H. Dove e DG Fowler. "Prime lamb production in relation to time of mating". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, n. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940001.

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Over 3 years, we examined the possible benefits of moving the joining date from mid March to early February for the productivity of a prime lamb system based on Border Leicester x Merino ewes on the southern tablelands of New South Wales. The proportion of ewes with >1 lamb (fertility) was affected more by year and by age of ewe than by joining date. The mean proportion of fertile ewes with >1 lamb (fecundity) was reduced from 0.28 to 0.15 at the earlier date, while immunisation against androstenedione increased fecundity at both mating times to 0.42 but significantly reduced fertility in the earlier group. Over the 3 years, the earlier joining produced 12 fewer lambs per 100 ewes mated and immunisation increased lamb number by 17, but flushing (for 3 weeks with sunflower meal) had no significant effect. Immunisation did not have a consistently greater effect at the earlier joining. Groups of these ewes, balanced for fetus number, grazed at 6.5, 10, or 13 per ha on pastures based on phalaris and subterranean clover. Ewe liveweight after lambing, lamb birth weight, and perinatal mortality were not affected by joining date, but mean daily weight gain by later born lambs over the first 90 days of life was 44 g greater than for earlier born lambs. However, earlier joining enabled 17 more lambs per 100 ewes to reach a marketable weight of 31 kg within the pasture season. Twins grew more slowly and relatively few reached sale weight. With a mean 1.4 lambs per ewe, the optimum stocking rate on these pastures appeared to be 6.5-10 ewes/ha. Superphosphate application to half of the experimental area, after 17 years without treatment, increased pasture weight, lamb growth rate, and numbers sold. The increase was such that a treated pasture could have carried an extra 3 ewes/ha without depression in individual productivity, relative to an untreated pasture. Supplementation of ewes in late pregnancy and early lactation benefited only twin lambs at the higher stocking rates. The results suggest that a prime lamb system in this environment is more likely to succeed with the earlier joining date. The lower lambing percentage, resulting from a decrease in fecundity, is likely to be of benefit, rather than detriment, to the efficiency of a system in which single- and twin-bearing ewes and their lambs are given equivalent treatment.
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6

Giro, Tatiana, Andrey Kulikovsky, Svetlana Andreeva, Ivan Gorlov e Anna Giro. "Production of enriched lamb in biodegradable packaging". Foods and Raw Materials 8, n. 2 (30 settembre 2020): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-312-320.

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Abstract (sommario):
The paper describes an environmentally safe technology for biofortifying lamb with target components in required concentrations packed in biodegradable film. To address the problem of micronutrient deficiency, we developed a biologically safe method of enriching lamb with organic iodine and selenium supplements. Introducing selenium and iodine feed supplements to the animals’ diet increased the average daily growth of their live mass in experimental groups by 3.43, 6.72, and 14.92% in groups I (iodine), II (selenium), and III (iodine and selenium), respectively, compared to the control group (feed only). The analysis of immunephysiological status showed an increase in phagocytic number in experimental groups: by 5.1% (P > 0.95), 9.4%, and 14.5% in groups I, II, III, respectively. In addition, the highest phagocytic activity and phagocytic intensity were observed in animals of group II and group III, indicating their higher resistance to adverse environmental factors, compared to the control. There was an increase in iodine, selenium and zinc content in the lamb meat from the experimental groups grown on enriched diets. We recorded a higher concentration of the micronutrients in the lambs receiving “Yoddar-Zn” and “DAFS-25” supplements together (Zn – 980 μg/100 g; Se – 53.9 μg/100 g; I – 77.6 μg/100 g). We found that the contents of zinc, selenium, and iodine in 100 g of m. Longissimus dorsi were 8.2%, 77.0%, and 51.7%, respectively, of the required content in the daily diet. Thus, we can use this raw material to produce functional meat products. Packaging lamb in sodium alginate-based biodegradable film helped reduce moisture loss during storage.
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7

Hall, DG, LR Piper, AR Egan e BM Bindon. "Lamb and milk production from Booroola ewes supplemented in late pregnancy". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, n. 5 (1992): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920587.

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Booroola ewes in moderate body condition on pasture, were either not supplemented, or supplemented prior to parturition with lupin grain for 9 days in a preliminary experiment, or with lupin or oat grain for 17 days in the main experiment. Measurements included lamb birth weight and survival and, in the main experiment only, ewe milk production and lamb immunoglobulin concentrations. With 9 days of lupin grain supplementation, lamb survival to weaning increased by about 12% (P<0.05), size of litter weaned increased from 1.26 to 1.52 (P<0.01) and lamb birth weight increased by about 0.2 kg (P<0.01). In the main experiment, supplementation with lupins resulted in 95% survival to day 9 of twin-born lambs, compared with 68% for lambs from control and oat-fed ewes (P<0.05). Extra lamb losses, due to starvation in the unsupplemented group, were matched by losses due to dystocia in the fed groups. Lamb birth weights, and ewe milk production and composition, were similar across treatments. During the feeding treatment period, only the lupin supplemented ewes maintained their fat score while the other ewes lost 0.5 of a fat score (P<0.01). Fewer (P<0.1) multiple-born lambs from lupin supplemented ewes had low serum immunoglobulin scores, indicating that the lupin supplement may have affected production or intake of colostrum.
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8

Haslin, Emmanuelle, Rene A. Corner-Thomas, Paul R. Kenyon, Emma J. Pettigrew, Rebecca E. Hickson, Steve T. Morris e Hugh T. Blair. "Effect of Breeding Heavier Romney Ewe Lambs at Seven Months of Age on Lamb Production and Efficiency over Their First Three Breeding Seasons". Animals 11, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2021): 3486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123486.

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Abstract (sommario):
This experiment examined the effect of breeding heavier ewe lambs on lamb production and their efficiency over their first three breeding seasons. Two groups of ewe lambs were bred at seven months of age at an average pre-breeding live weight of either 47.9 ± 0.36 kg (heavy; n = 135) or 44.9 ± 0.49 kg (control; n = 135). Ewe live weight, number of lambs born and weaned, and lamb live weight were recorded until 39 months of age, and efficiency was calculated for each ewe. Although the number and lamb weaning weight did not differ between treatments over three years, when data were pooled, heavier ewe lambs at breeding weaned a greater number of lambs over the three-year period. The total lamb weaning weight over the three-year period increased by 2% for each additional kilogram at ewe lamb breeding. Breeding heavier ewe lambs had no effect on efficiency. These results suggest that although breeding heavier ewe lambs had a positive effect on lamb production over the three-year period, it had no effect on efficiency. Before final recommendations can be made, lifetime performance and longevity to five years of age of heavier ewe lambs at breeding are required.
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9

Fogarty, N. M., e J. G. Mulholland. "Growth and carcass characteristics of crossbred lambs in various production systems". Animal Production Science 52, n. 5 (2012): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11336.

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Abstract (sommario):
Lamb growth, carcass and pelt measurements are reported from 5775 lambs born to Border Leicester × Merino (BLM) and Hyfer (Dorset × Merino composite) ewes joined to Dorset, Suffolk and Hyfer rams in three lamb-production systems at Cowra and Wagga Wagga over 5 years. The production systems involved lambings at different seasons of the year and increasing levels of intensification from autumn annual joining, spring joining with a backup mating for non-pregnant ewes, to an accelerated 8-monthly lambing system. Lambs from BLM ewes were 0.7 kg heavier at birth and grew 3% faster and reached slaughter, at 18 kg carcass weight, 1–2 weeks earlier than did lambs from Hyfer ewes (P < 0.01). The advantage in growth rate of lambs from BLM compared with Hyfer ewes was greater for lambs born in November. These lambs had poorer growing conditions over the summer months, with 22% lower growth rate and taking 5 weeks longer to reach slaughter than did lambs born in March or August. There was no difference between Dorset and Suffolk sire breeds for any lamb growth traits, with lambs from Hyfer sires growing 7% slower. Ram and cryptorchid lambs reached slaughter 1 week earlier than did wethers, with ewes a further 9 days later (P < 0.01). Sex differences were maximised when lamb growth was greatest. There were no differences in carcass fat measurements between ram and cryptorchid lambs, although both were considerably leaner than wethers (2.2–3.0 mm fat at the GR site), which were 1.3–2.1 mm leaner than ewes at 18-kg carcass weight. The range in average growth rate of progeny of the BLM ewes from the 12 different source flocks at Cowra and Wagga Wagga was 10–14% of the mean which was twice the difference in average growth rate of progeny from the BLM and Hyfer dams. There was also significant variation among the BLM source flocks for carcass fat measurements. Lamb progeny from the different sire- and dam-breed combinations had varying levels of heterozygosity. There appears to be little loss of heterosis or hybrid vigour for lamb growth, although the sire breed × dam breed interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for age at slaughter at Wagga Wagga, in which the ranking of the lamb types was consistent with the levels of heterozygosity. The estimates of between-lambing repeatability for the ewes were highest for birthweight (0.35 Cowra and 0.27 Wagga Wagga) and declined at later ages (0.26–0.17), with lower estimates for carcass traits.
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Keogh, T. P., S. R. McGrath, V. H. Oddy, M. Hernandez-Jover, H. Dickson e M. B. Allworth. "Are there opportunities to improve lamb feedlot production efficiency? A cross-sectional survey". Animal Production Science 62, n. 4 (14 dicembre 2021): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21309.

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Abstract (sommario):
Context Feedlotting lambs has the potential to considerably increase the efficiency of lamb production in Australia. Many producers have turned to grain-finishing lambs to capitalise on high lamb prices and, due to the perceived profitability of this practice, further research to improve production has not been prioritised. Lambs are, however, difficult to adapt to a predominantly grain-based diet, often resulting in highly variable feed intake and growth rates. Aims The aim of this survey was to investigate the apparent growth rates and feed conversion ratios of lambs in current feedlotting enterprises. A secondary aim was to identify research priorities that could improve feedlot production efficiency. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and May 2020 among Australian lamb producers, with the target population being lamb producers using feedlots to finish lambs. Producer responses from 59 current lamb feedlotters were collated and analysed. Key results The most frequently reported growth rates were between 300 and 350 g/day, and most respondents reported a feed conversion ratio of 5:1. The incidence of shy feeders was a median of 3.5% and mortality was a median of 1%, with acidosis reported as the major contributor to mortality. Conclusions The results of the current survey indicate that for the majority of responding producers, lamb growth rates and feed conversion ratios are consistent with those predicted by the nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants (CSIRO 2007), and improvements in production are unlikely without significantly increasing nutrient intake. Shy feeders, acidosis and the intake of lowly digestible feeds are the clear limitations to production efficiency. Implications Research to improve productivity of lambs in feedlots needs to prioritise the implementation of feeding strategies that minimise social and nutritional issues, and promote maximum intake of nutrients.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Lamb production"

1

Johnston, Steven Dale. "The effects of genotype production and nutrition on lamb production". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295395.

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2

Anderson, Jennifer M. L. "An evaluation of entire males for lamb production". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481467.

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3

Turnbull, Elwin Donald, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University e Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Developing the Australian lamb industry using action research". THESIS_FARD_XXX_Turnball_E.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/84.

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Abstract (sommario):
This document reports on the rationale for and results of using action research in order to facilitate development of the Australian lamb industry. The contexts of this research were: a lamb industry that had declining consumption; producers were slow to change to the production of new style of lamb which more closely aligned with consumer trends towards lower fat and convenience foods; and major changes in research funding criteria, towards projects with measurable impacts upon industries. The perspective taken in this research was that the production and marketing of lamb is essentially a human activity. Action research was effective in providing a methodology for working with extension and research officers using focus group meetings with lamb producers in South Eastern Australia. The key activity was the creation of an environment for a rich social discourse between industry people, focussing on establishing suitable processes and relationships within the industry. Valuable resources consisting of current industry skills, knowledge and institutions were utilised through this project for the benefit of the industry. This project illustrated a role for action research as an effective way of facilitating learning and communication in the lamb industry. The impact of the project was limited because the activities were confined to the production end of the marketing channel. The research helped the author to develop a deeper understanding of participatory action research and the close linkage between learning and self image. The experience of conducting the research validated the importance of the group dynamic in action research and the difficulty that individuals and groups have in matching actions with espoused theory
Master of Science (Hons)
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4

Ruto, Christopher Kiptanui. "Lamb and wool production in an organic farming system". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3839.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 51 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-51).
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5

Gudex, B. W. "Sireline variation in neonatal lamb cold tolerance". Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1055.

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Abstract (sommario):
The cost of lamb mortality caused by cold exposure has been estimated at approximately 40 million dollars per year. This value is probably conservative as it does not include the cost due to the reduction in productivity in hypothermic lambs that manage to survive or the cost of reduced selection potential incurred by fewer lambs surviving until selection. The objectives of this research was to investigate whether sire-line variation exists in neonatal lamb cold tolerance and whether polymorphism in the β₃ adrenergic receptor gene can be used as a genetic marker for lamb cold tolerance and lean muscle growth. The influence of the climate, birthweight, age of dam at lambing, gender and birth rank on neonatal lamb cold tolerance was also analysed. Neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure was analysed in four field trials that used neonatal lamb morality from cold exposure as a predictor of neonatal lamb cold tolerance. Sire-line variation in neonatal lamb morality was observed in all trials, though it appeared that this effect was largely mediated through sire-line variation in lamb birth weight. Variation in lamb birth weight between birth rank classed was also found to be responsible for the influence of birth rank on neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure. The age of dam at lambing and the lamb gender was not observed to influence neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure. The sires from the cold tolerance study and the progeny of the lean muscle growth study were genotyped for the β₃ adrenergic receptor locus. Other studies have found evidence that a major gene exists in the catecholamine stimulation of brown adipose thermogenesis and evidence that the β₃-AR gene is a likely candidate. However, this hypothesis and the hypothesis that polymorphism in the β₃-AR gene is also linked to lean muscle growth in lambs was not confirmed in this study. So while it appears that the results were confounded by experimental design, there is evidence that influence of polymorphism in the ovine β₃ AR gene on neonatal lamb mortality and/or lean muscle growth is not sufficient to be considered a major gene effect. The implications of this experiment on the sheep industry and sheep farmers in general are huge. While completely eliminating lamb deaths due to inadequate cold tolerance is impossible, this study shows that large gains in lamb survival could be possible through selective breeding.
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6

Jensen, Rebekah Paige. "Plane of Energy Nutrition on Blood Metabolites, Milk Production and Lamb Growth in Friesian Sheep". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6857.

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Abstract (sommario):
Small ruminant species are utilized for their diverse products including meat, dairy products, and wool. Effective and humane management are essential to maintain high production rates and comfortable animals. To attain this objective, managers needs to have an extensive knowledge of husbandry techniques, understanding of physiological processes, and familiarity with nutritional requirements. We examined the effects of varying feed components on two different ruminal species. In Chapter 1, we conducted a study to evaluate"¯the effects"¯of a low metabolizable energy (LME) and high metabolizable energy (HME) diet on twenty-two Friesian/Lacuane"¯cross ewes and lamb nutritional status."¯Effects on milk production during early lactation stages"¯and the growth of the neonatal lambs were also investigated. We anticipate energy levels will have an effect on milk production and lamb growth. Our results indicate that ewes on the LME diet produced more milk with higher concentrations of fat though this group maintained lower body condition. We concluded that neither the HME nor the LME diet met the needs of the sheep due to the shift in nutrient partitioning towards milk production rather than allocating nutrients to maintaining both body condition and milk production. Limited energy requirements are further evidenced by the decline in back fat (BF) for both the HME and LME groups for the duration of the study. We determined the degradation parameters of grass hay supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) and the effects of SBM on compartment 1 (C1) ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in alpacas. Our findings show that the degradation rate was not different for dry matter (DM), but it was for crude protein (CP) (P<0.05). With this data it can be concluded that SBM can be a CP supplement when the diet is insufficient to improve microbial yield. It should be noted that care should be taken to avoid causing a protein-energy imbalance. The results of these two studies indicate shifts in nutrients availability and changes in feeding strategies can affect both the health of the animal and their subsequent offspring.
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7

Yaqoob, Muhammad. "Comparison of three terminal sire breeds for lamb production under upland grassland conditions in the North East of England". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313239.

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8

Edwards, David Stanley. "Role of farm factors in the development of longitudinally integrated food safety assurance systems for beef and lamb production". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395038.

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9

Campbell, Braden Joseph. "Alternative management practices to improve the growth and mitigate the health and economic losses associated with parasitic infection in pasture-raised lambs in the eastern United States of America". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619020179009712.

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10

Claasen, Claasen. "The effect of agricultural production system on the meat quality of Dorper lambs". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19896.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of South African production system (feedlot {FL-} or free-range {FR-}) and gender (ewes, rams or castrates) on growth and carcass characteristics of Dorper sheep. Male lambs (castrates and rams) grew twice as fast as ewes (P<0.05) under FL-conditions while much smaller differences were observed between gender groups in FR-lambs. FL-lambs produced heavier carcasses (P=0.0003) with higher dressing percentages (P<0.05) and greater carcass fatness levels (P<0.052) than FR- lambs. No differences attributable to production system were found on meat tenderness (as indicated by Warner Bratzler shear force strength) and on the intramuscular lipid concentration. In contrast, sensory evaluation results suggested that meat from FL-lambs was juicier and more tender than meat from FR-lambs. The sensory panel could not distinguish between FL and FR meat as far as the attributes of aroma and flavour were concerned. Cholesterol results indicated that for intermuscular fat, higher cholesterol levels were observed for FL-lambs than for FR-lambs. The level of palmitic acid (C16:0) was significantly higher (P=0.0375) in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of FL-lambs. For intramuscular fat from the Biceps femoris (BF) muscle, g-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) was higher (P<0.0001) in FL- lambs. Results for intramuscular BF further indicated that ram lambs had the highest (P=0.0019) palmitic acid (C16:0) and sum of TUFA (P=0.0014), castrates had the highest (P=0.0260) α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and g-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6), while ewe lambs had the highest (P=0.0014) SFA concentrations. Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) was significantly higher (P=0.0067) in the subcutaneous fat of FL-lambs while FR-lambs had more linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). For the kidney fat, FR-feeding increased (P < 0.05) stearic (C18:0), linolelaidic (C18:2n-6t), α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) and homo-g-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) percentages. Conversely, linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) was increased (P=0.0372) by FL-feeding. For the intermuscular fat, FR-lambs had higher linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and SFA (P=0.0113 and P=0.0341) compared to FL-lambs. On the other hand, the sum of TUFA for the intermuscular fat was higher (P=0.0341) in FL-lambs compared to FR-lambs. Results from the study imply that the consumer may not necessarily be able to discern between meat from FR- or FL-lambs, although they may possibly discriminate against the increase in visible fatness of FL-lambs. No clear advantage of production system in terms of human health could be demonstrated as far as the proximate chemical composition and the fatty acid composition of the meat was concerned. The faster growth and the associated shorter production cycle of FL-lambs could be an advantage under certain production systems. However, it needs to be weighed against the cost of concentrate feeding and the preference consumers are likely to develop for lamb produced in natural environments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om Suid Afrikaanse produksiestelsel (voerkraal {VK-} of veld {VD}) en geslag (ooie, hamels of ramme) op die groeivermoë en karkaseienskappe van die Dorperskape te bepaal. Manlike lammers (ramme and hamels) het twee keer vinniger (P<0.05) as ooilammers onder VK-toestande gegroei, terwyl kleiner verskille tussen geslagsgroepe by VD-diere waargeneem is. VK-lammers het swaarder karkasse (P=0.0003), hoër uitslagpersentasies (P<0.05) en meer karkas vet (P<0.052) as VD -lammers vertoon. Geen verskille as gevolg van produksiestelsel is op die sagtheid van vleis (soos aangedui deur Warner-Bratzler skeurkragwaardes) en die binnespierse vetinhoud gevind nie. Daarenteen het sensoriese analises aangedui dat vleis van VK-lammers sappiger en sagter as vleis van VD- lammers was. Die sensoriese paneel kon nie verskille aangaande die aroma en geur van vleis tussen VK- en VD-vleis onderskei nie. Cholesterolvlakke was hoër vir VK-lammers as by VD-lammers. Die vlak van palmitiese suur (C16:0) was hoër (P=0.0375) in die Longissimus dorsi (LD) spier van VK-lammers. Vir binnespierse vet van die Biceps femoris (BF) spier was g-linoleniese suur (C18:3n-6) hoër (P<0.0001) in VK-lammers. Resultate vir binnespierse vet van die BF spier het verder bewys dat ramlammers die hoogste (P=0.0019) palmitiese suur (C16:0) and totale onversadigde vetsure (P = 0.0014) getoon het, hamels die hoogste (P=0.0260) α-linoleniese suur (C18:3n-3) en g-linolenese suur (C18:3n-6) getoon het terwyl ooilammers die hoogste (P=0.0014) versadigde vetsuurvlakke getoon het. Linoliese suur (C18:2n-6c) was hoër (P=0.0067) in die onderhuidse vet van VK-lammers terwyl VD-lammers meer linoliese suur (C18:3n-3) gehad het. Resultate vir niervet het getoon dat VD-voeding die persentasies van steariese (C18:0), linoleladiese (C18:2n-6t), α-linoleniese (C18:3n-3) and homo-g-linoleniese suur (C20:3n-6) verhoog (P<0.05) het relatief tot VK-voeding. Linoliese suur (C18:2n-6c) is deur VK-voeding verhoog (P=0.0372). Vir intermuskulêre vet het VD-lammers hoër linoleniese suur (C18:3n-3) en versadigde vetsure (P=0.0113 en P=0.0341) as VK-lammers gehad. Die totale onversadigde vetsure vir tussenspiere vet was hoër (P=0.0341) in VK-lammers in vergelyking met VD-lammers. Resultate van hierdie studie dui daarop dat verbruikers nie noodwendig tussen vleis van VD- en VK-lammers sal onderskei nie, alhoewel hulle dalk teen die sigbaar vetter vleis van VK-lammers kan diskrimineer. Geen definitiewe voordeel in terme van menslike gesondheid kon op grond van die chemiese samestelling van die vleis bevestig word nie. Vinniger groei van VK-lammers, en die korter produksiesiklus wat daarmee verband hou, mag onder sekere produksie stelsels ʼn voordeel wees. Die voordeel moet teen die hoër koste van VK-voeding en die voorkeur van verbruikers vir lam produksie in natuurlike omgewing opgeweeg word.
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Libri sul tema "Lamb production"

1

Flanagan, Sean. Studies on early lamb production. [Dublin]: Teagasc, 1998.

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2

O'Hara, Mark E. Studies related to the nutrition and production systems of January born lambs. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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3

Malone, Peter John. A comparison of production systems for early lamb. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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4

Day, Joseph Plunkett. An evaluation of production strategies for early season lamb. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1999.

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Carty, John. Some nutritional and disease prevention measures affecting lamb production. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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6

Fogerty, Mark. Lowland sheep 1999: The economics and management of lamb production. Exeter: Agricultural Economics Unit, University of Exexter, 2001.

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7

Canada. Dept. of Agriculture. Research Branch. Research and technology for increasing the efficiency and output of lamb production systems. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Byrne, William. An evaluation of nutritional strategies and sire breed for mid-season lamb production. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1999.

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Flanagan, Sean. Maximising grazed grass in the diet of the ewe for mid season lamb production. [Dublin]: Sheep Research Centre, Teagasc, 2001.

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Helyer, Rebecca. Production and processing of beef and lamb in New Zealand and the United States of America. Uckfield, Sussex: Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Lamb production"

1

Ames, Richard. "Roy Lamb". In Live Music Production, 245–70. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351242974-20.

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Panea, B., G. Ripoll, S. Carrasco e M. Joy. "Effect of different production systems on lamb sensory quality". In New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production, 193–97. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-726-4_31.

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Benjamin, R. W. "Sheep husbandry for lamb production in a semi-arid mediterranean environment". In System Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Development, 83–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2830-8_4.

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Araba, A., P. Morand-Fehr, A. El Aïch, M. Bouarour, P. Schmidely e V. Berthelot. "Outlook for producing Timahdite lamb with improved dietetic quality reared on rangelands in the Central Middle Atlas (Morocco)". In New trends for innovation in the Mediterranean animal production, 186–92. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-726-4_30.

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Bianconi, Fabio, e Marco Filippucci. "Landscape and Production: Food Strategy in Amelia Territory". In Landscape Lab, 219–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94150-9_8.

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Gelsomino, Luca Mattia, Terrence Bos e Michiel Steeman. "Digital Supply Chain and Blockchain: A Living Lab Perspective". In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 385–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18641-7_37.

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Coorevits, Lynn, Constantijn Seys e Dimitri Schuurman. "Living Lab Methodology as an Assessment Tool for Mass Customization". In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 311–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04271-8_27.

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Damgrave, Roy, Eric Lutters e Fred J. A. M. van Houten. "The Virtual Reality Lab as a Synthetic Environment: From Strategic Approach to Practical Implement". In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 787–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30817-8_77.

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Klinkert, A., e M. Gerken. "Changes in suckling behaviour during lactation in llamas (Lama glama)". In Fibre production in South American camelids and other fibre animals, 231. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_30.

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Holick, E. A., Z. Lu, M. T. Holick, T. C. Chen, J. Sheperd e M. F. Holick. "Production of Previtamin D3 by a Mercury Arc Lamp and a Hybrid Incandescent/Mercury Arc Lamp". In Biologic Effects of Light 2001, 205–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0937-0_20.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Lamb production"

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Andrew, Alyssa C., Chad W. Higgins, Massimo Bionaz, Mary A. Smallman e Serkan Ates. "Pasture production and lamb growth in agrivoltaic system". In AGRIVOLTAICS2020 CONFERENCE: Launching Agrivoltaics World-wide. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0055889.

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Petrovic, Milun, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boškovic, Simeon Rakonjac, Radojica Đokovic, Miloš Ži Petrovic, Vladimir Doskovic e Biljana Veljkovic. "SISTEMI GAJENJA I PROIZVODNJE U ORGANSKOM OVČARSTVU I KOZARSTVU". In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.205p.

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Abstract (sommario):
Lamb production dominates in organic sheep production, while milk production is much less present and very rare. There are usually two basic systems of breeding in lamb production: fattening of lambs on pasture and combined fattening of lambs. In organic goat breeding, the most common is the organic production of milk and dairy products, primarily quality goat cheeses. The cultivation system is usually a combination of grazing (summer half of the year) and stable cultivation (winter half of the year). Such agriculture provides amortization of the negative effects of social development on the ecosphere and the human population as a whole.
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Guy, S. Z. Y., S. I. Mortimer, L. Pannier, P. McGilchrist, D. J. Brown, D. Pethick e A. A. Swan Pethick. "728. Genetic selection for sensory eating quality of lamb using consumer assessments". In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_728.

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Larroque, H., E. Dugas, F. Woloszyn, F. Plisson-Petit, J. Gayraud, J. C. Duchêne, J. Frayssignes et al. "709. Genetic determinism of quality of lamb leather in Lacaune dairy sheep breed". In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_709.

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Jakobsen, J. H., T. Blichfeldt, L. B. Linneflaatten, M. O. Gløersen, L. E. Wallin e J. C. McEwan. "34. Methane emission has low genetic correlations to lamb growth traits in Norwegian White sheep". In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_34.

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Sarvinda, Diahanvika Tri, Sigit Bintara, I. Gede Suparta Budisatria, Kustantinah Kustantinah e Endang Baliarti. "The Effect of Litter Size on Ewe and Their Lamb Performances under Intensive Management System". In 9th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220207.033.

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Andrian, Randika N., T. A. Nugroho, S. Dartosukarno e A. Purnomoadi. "Determination of Weaning Time of Dombos Lamb Based on Suckling and Eating Behavior and Body Weight Gain". In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.261-264.

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Zharikov, Ya A. "USING CROSSBREEDING TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF LAMB IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FAR NORTH". In TOPICAL ISSUES OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. Komi Republican Academy of Public Service and Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/93206-022-35.

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ŠENFELDE, Līga, e Daina KAIRIŠA. "AUTOMATIC CONCENTRATE DISTRIBUTION FOR FATTENING OF ROMANOV × DORPER LAMBS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.062.

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Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this research was to study the possibility of using automatic concentrate feeding stations in fattening of lambs. Ten Romanov × Dorper weaned male lambs (initial live weight 21.0 ± 0.86 kg) for fattening were used. Lambs were kept indoors in separate pen and research was carried out in production conditions. Concentrate was distributed for animals individually in automatic feeding station. Adaption period were not applied, eight lambs had the concentrate intake in the automatic feeding station from first research day, one started eat concentrate from third research day and one – from eleventh day of research. The frequency of visits to automatic feeding station and daily concentrate intake was recorded and analyzed. Lamb’s were weighted before research and every fourteen days, live weight changes were analyzed. During all the research average number of daily visits to automatic feeding station of one lamb were 13 visits, average daily concentrate intake per animal was: 84 % of the average ration (1642 g) in all research period. Results shows, that average daily live weight gain was 246 ± 26.3 g, during last quarter daily live weight gain (89 ± 27.7 g) was significantly (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) lover than in other quarters. For 1 kg lamb live weight gain 5.39 kg concentrate was used.
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Petrović, Milun, Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković, Radojica Đoković, Simeon Rakonjac, Miloš Petrović e Halid Žigić. "UTICAJ NEGENETSKIH FAKTORA NA MASU JAGNJADI PRI ROĐENJU, SA 30 I 90 DANA STAROSTI KOD SJENIČKE PRAMENKE". In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.277p.

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Abstract (sommario):
Overall sheep production is influenced by certain factors, genetic and paragenetic. Fertility traits of sheep are more influenced by non-genetic systematic factors, whether they are discontinuous in nature (year of birth, season of birth and lambing, partus in order, type of birth, sex of lambs) or continuous (age at first insemination, etc.). The research included 180 sheep of the Pramenka breed, Sjenica pramenka in the breeding areas of three municipalities: Priboj, Prijepolje and Nova Varos. Data on the growth of lambs in the lactation period were analyzed, as follows: weight at birth, weight at the age of 30 and 90 days of age. The influence of fixed paragenetic factors such as: breeding area, year of birth of ewes, lambing in order, type of lambing, sex on the manifestation and variability of the observed characteristics of lamb growth in the lactation period was observed. The breeding area and type of birth had a significant effect (P <0.01) on the weight of lambs from all three age categories. The year of birth of lambs and the interaction of the breeding area and type of birth had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on the mass of lambs at birth and at the age of 90 days, and significantly (P <0.05) on the mass of lambs at 30 days of age. Lambs in a row and a half of lambs did not significantly affect any trait of lamb growth in the lactation period. The coefficients of determination for the observed traits were high and very significant and ranged from 0.775 (77.5%) in the mass of lambs at birth to 0.397 (39.7%) in the mass at 30 days.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Lamb production"

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Spencer, Thomas E., Elisha Gootwine, Arieh Gertler e Fuller W. Bazer. Placental lactogen enhances production efficiency in sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586543.bard.

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The key objectives of this BARD project were to: (1) study long-term effects of immunization of prepubertal ewes against recombinant ovine placental lactogen (roPL) on subsequent birth weights of their lambs and their milk production; (2) optimize the anti-roPL immunization protocol using adjuvant preparations acceptable to producers and regulatory agencies; and (3) determine the physiological mechanism(s) whereby immunization against oPL increases fetal growth and development and mammogenesis. These objectives were based on key findings from a previous BARD project that: (a) immunization of ewes against roPL increased lamb birth weight and ewe milk production during lactation; (b) roPL and recombinant ovine growth hormone (roGH) increased the proliferation and differentiated function of endometrial glands that, in turn, would enhance uterine secretions necessary for fetal and placental growth; and (c) exogenous roPL and roGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk production during lactation. The BARD projects address central problems in sheep production, including reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality, low birth weight of lambs especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which affect neonatal survival. The sheep placenta secretes both lactogenic (oPL) and somatogenic (oGH) hormones. The receptors for those hormones are present in the fetus and placenta as well as maternal uterus, and mammary gland. Our research has focused on determining the biological role of these placental hormones in development and differentiation of the uterus during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Studies conducted in the current BARD project indicated that the effects of anti-roPL immunization were variable in ewes and that commercially available and widely acceptable adjuvant preparations were not effective to produce high anti-roPL titers in pre-pubertal ewes. In the non-prolific Rambouillet ewe in Texas and in the Awassi and the Assaf in Israel, anti-roPL immunization increased lamb birth weight; however, the magnitude of this effect and the inherent variability precluded our ability to determine the physiological mechanism of how the immunization increases fetal growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that anti-roPL immunization is not currently feasible as an easy and efficacious tool for the producer to increase flock reproductive and production efficiency. The variability in response of individual ewes to anti-roPL immunization likely includes modifying the recombinant hormone and the type of adjuvant used for the immunization. In particular, the oPL may need to be modified to ensure maximum antigenicity in a broad range of breed types. Nonetheless, the investigators continue to collaborate on identifying fundamental mechanisms that can be improved by genetics or management to enhance the efficiency of uteroplacental function and, in turn, fetal growth and development. High prolificacy is a desirable trait in intensive sheep production systems. One of the main limitations of using prolific breeds of sheep is that increased litter size is associated with low birth weights and increased mortality of lambs. Further, low birth weight is associated with an increased propensity for adult diseases and decreased production efficiency. Indeed, our recent studies find that the birth weights of lambs born in large litters can be improved by both genetics and management. Future cooperative research will continue to focus on reproductive efficiency of sheep that have broader implications for improving production efficiency in all types of ruminant livestock.
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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor e P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, maggio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):
The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.
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Duffey, J. Lab Scale Production of NpO2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890151.

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Basnet, Samip. Deep Exclusive Pseudoscalar Meson Production at Jefferson Lab Hall C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408895.

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Zweit, Jamal. Isotope Production at the Jefferson Lab LERF Facility (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1826314.

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Boisclair, Yves R., e Arieh Gertler. Development and Use of Leptin Receptor Antagonists to Increase Appetite and Adaptive Metabolism in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697120.bard.

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Objectives The original project had 2 major objectives: (1) To determine the effects of centrally administered leptin antagonist on appetite and adaptive metabolism in the sheep; (2) To develop and prepare second-generation leptin antagonists combining high binding affinity and prolonged in vivo half-life. Background Periods of suboptimal nutrition or exaggerated metabolic activity demands lead to a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Ruminants remain productive for a surprisingly long period of time under these circumstances by evoking adaptations sparing available energy and nutrients. The mechanism driving these adaptations in ruminant remains unknown, but could involve a reduction in plasma leptin, a hormone acting predominantly in the brain. In laboratory animals, reduced leptin signaling promotes survival during nutritional insufficiency by triggering energy sparing adaptations such as reduced thyroid hormone production and insulin resistance. Our overall hypothesis is that similar adaptations are triggered by reduced leptin signaling in the brain of ruminants. Testing of this hypothesis in ruminants has not been possible due to inability to block the actions of endogenous leptin and access to ruminant models where leptin antagonistic therapy is feasible and effective. Major achievements and conclusions The Israeli team had previously mutated 3 residues in ovine leptin, with no effect on receptor binding. This mutant was renamed ovine leptin antagonist (OLA) because it cannot activate signaling and therefore antagonizes the ability of wild type leptin to activate its receptor. To transform OLA into an effective in vivo antagonist, the Israeli made 2 important technical advances. First, it incorporated an additional mutation into OLA, increasing its binding affinity and thus transforming it into a super ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA). Second, the Israeli team developed a method whereby polyethylene glycol is covalently attached to SOLA (PEG-SOLA) with the goal of extending its half-life in vivo. The US team used OLA and PEG-SOLA in 2 separate animal models. First, OLA was chronically administered directly into the brain of mature sheep via a cannula implanted into the 3rdcerebroventricule. Unexpectedly, OLA had no effect of voluntary feed intake or various indicators of peripheral insulin action but reduced the plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Second, the US team tested the effect of peripheral PEG-SOLA administration in an energy sensitive, rapidly growing lamb model. PEG-SOLA was administered for 14 consecutive days after birth or for 5 consecutive days before sacrifice on day 40 of life. Plasma PEG-SOLA had a half-life of over 16 h and circulated in 225- to 288-fold excess over endogenous leptin. PEG-SOLA administration reduced plasma thyroid hormones and resulted in a higher fat content in the carcass at slaughter, but had no effects on feed intake, body weight, plasma glucose or insulin. These results show that the team succeeded in developing a leptin antagonist with a long in vivo half-life. Moreover, in vivo results show that reduced leptin signaling promotes energy sparing in ruminants by repressing thyroid hormone production. Scientific and agricultural implications The physiological role of leptin in ruminants has been difficult to resolve because peripheral administration of wild type leptin causes little effects. Our work with leptin antagonists show for the first time in ruminants that reduced leptin signaling induces energy sparing mechanisms involving thyroid hormone production with little effect on peripheral insulin action. Additional work is needed to develop even more potent leptin antagonists, to establish optimal administration protocols and to narrow down phases of the ruminant life cycle when their use will improve productivity.
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Beatriz Santos Carvalho, Beatriz Santos Carvalho. Reducing scientific research waste production: Can we recycle lab plastics for 3D printing? Experiment, maggio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/11301.

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Bazer, Fuller W., Arieh Gertler e Elisha Gootwine. Role of Placental Lactogen in Sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574339.bard.

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Central problems in sheep and dairy cattle production are reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality and low birth weights, especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which adversely affect neonatal survival and economy of production. The sheep placenta expresses lactogenic (ovine placental lactogen, oPL) and somatogenic (ovine placental growth hormone, oGH) hormones. Our research has focused on the biological roles of oPL and oGH in function of the uterine endometrium during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Major conclusions were that: ( 1 ) immunization of prepubertal ewes against oPL resulted in increased birth weights of their lambs and their milk production during lactation; (2) neither oPL nor oGH had an antiluteolytic effect on uterine endometrium to affect lifespan of the corpus luteum; (3) only sequential exposure of the progesterone stimulated uterus to oIFNt and oPL or oGH increased endometrial gland proliferation and secretory protein gene expression; (4) oPL signals through a homodimer of ovine prolactin receptor (PRL-R) and heterodimer of oPRL-R and growth hormone receptor (GH-R); (5) exogenous recombinant oPL and oGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk yield during lactation; and (6) mutation of oPL and oGH was used to define specific biological effects and a rational basis for design of a specific receptor agonists or antagonists. This project was very productive in elucidating basic biological effects of oPL and oGH on intracellular signal transduction pathways, uterine development and secretory function, as well as mammogenesis and lactogenesis. We determined that immunization of prepubertal ewes against roPL increased birth weights of their lambs, especially those born as twins and triplets, as well as enhanced lactational performance. These studies significantly extended our knowledge of uterine and fetal-placental physiology and provided a foundation for new strategies to enhance reproductive and lactation efficiency. Based on these results, the major achievements were: 1) creation of a practical and cost effective management tool for producers to increase reproductive performance, neonatal survival, and milk yield of ewes in commercial flocks; and 2) define, for the first time, biological effects of oPL on endometrial functions and gene expression by uterine gland epithelium.
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Hannah Chang, Hannah Chang. How low cost agriculture waste material can be used to support lab-grown meat production? Experiment, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/25299.

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Haarsager, Ulrike, Fernando Barbosa, Stefania De Santis, Melanie Putic, Frank Hoekman e Roland Michelitsch. Evaluation of IDB Lab: Evaluation of Operations and Summary of Findings. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003968.

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El presente informe recoge los hallazgos de la segunda fase y las conclusiones y recomendaciones generales de una evaluación de BID Lab a cargo de la Oficina de Evaluación y Supervisión (OVE) del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). OVE realizó la evaluación en dos fases superpuestas. La primera de ellas (de abril de 2020 a mayo de 2021) evaluó la pertinencia del mandato, el enfoque estratégico y la estructura institucional de BID Lab (documento MIF/RE-5-6), mientras que en la segunda, realizada de febrero a octubre de 2021, evaluó las operaciones y los productos de conocimiento de BID Lab.
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