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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Lakes – Circulation – Mathematical models"

1

Larson, T. K., e R. A. Dimenna. "Preservation of Natural Circulation Similarity Criteria in Mathematical Models". Nuclear Science and Engineering 100, n. 1 (settembre 1988): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse88-a29011.

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Murthy, C. R., e W. M. Schertzer. "Physical Limnology and Water Quality Modelling of North American Great Lakes". Water Quality Research Journal 29, n. 2-3 (1 maggio 1994): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1994.012.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Incorporation of physical limnological processes within the water quality/contaminant modelling framework of large lake systems is fundamental for accurate simulation of transport, distribution and pathways of pollutants. Specific examples of water quality/contaminant model applications to the North American Great Lakes are presented with emphasis on models which incorporate physical processes to solve eutrophic and toxic contaminant problems. Examples of circulation and transport model application to lakes and coastal areas as well as thermocline models are briefly described. Water quality models which incorporate such physical limnological processes include eutrophication models, contaminant transport models (river plume, lake and coastal cases). Specific examples are provided primarily from applications in the lower Great Lakes.
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Guseynov, Sharif E., e Jekaterina V. Aleksejeva. "Mathematical Modelling of Aquatic Ecosystem". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (16 giugno 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol3.192.

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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">In present paper we consider the complete statements of initial-boundary problems for the modelling of various aspects of aqueous systems in Latvia. All the proposed models are the evolutionary models: all they are nonstationary and continuous qualitative models having the dynamic parameters and aimed at analysis, evaluation and forecast of aqueous systems (reservoirs, lakes and seas). In constructing these mathematical models as research tools classic apparatus of differential equations (both ODE and PDE) as well as apparatus of mathematical physics were used</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
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Leon, L. F., D. Lam, W. Schertzer e D. Swayne. "Lake and climate models linkage: a 3-D hydrodynamic contribution". Advances in Geosciences 4 (9 agosto 2005): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-4-57-2005.

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Abstract. Under a Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) project, targeted to study the feasibility to link regional climate models with lake models, one of the tasks was to consider such a coupling in large lakes. The objective is to provide detailed information on temperature and circulation distributions of the lake to take into account the spatial variability for temperature and the heat exchange through the water's surface. The major contribution of this work is focused on realistic representation of the heat fluxes and temperature distributions to and from lakes especially during the thermally stratified ice-free periods. This paper presents the detailed 3-D ELCOM model applied in Lake Erie in order to produce, at the surface layer of the lake, the spatial distribution of temperature and heat exchanges that eventually can be coupled with a regional climate model (CRCM). Preliminary results will be presented on how this lake model may improve the regional climate models, which currently do not consider such large lake circulation effects.
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Leshchinskii, L. A., I. G. Rusyak, S. B. Ponomarev e A. G. Petrov. "Algorithm for construction of mathematical models of coronary circulation disorders". Biomedical Engineering 33, n. 4 (luglio 1999): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02385333.

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Cai, Xiao, Boyun Guo, Qingfeng Guo e Hongwei Jiang. "Mathematical Simulation of Lost Circulation in Fracture and Its Control". Geofluids 2021 (12 marzo 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6691385.

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Abstract (sommario):
Lost circulation has been one of the major problems that impede efficient and cost-saving drilling operations. The nature of lost circulation and its control is not yet fully understood. A method to characterize the mud loss in fracture and the plugging process of lost circulation materials is highly desired to obtain a thorough understanding of mud losses in fracture and provide reference for lost circulation control. This paper presents an easy-to-use method to identify types of lost circulation in fracture and the corresponding control. Three analytical models are presented based on three loss mechanisms, namely, seepage/filtration in a fracture, pipe flow in a fracture, and gravity displacement in a fracture. A numerical model is developed to simulate the deposition of lost circulation materials in fractures and predict the time and the volume of drilling fluid needed for lost circulation control. Case studies with these analytical models provide a deeper insight of this subject. Sensitivity analyses with the numerical model identify the major factors responsible for lost circulation control. High viscosity of drilling fluid may prevent lost circulation, while low viscosity is desired for a fast control of lost circulation. Lowering the density of drilling fluid is another way to prevent the lost circulation and facilitate the deposition of lost circulation materials. Lost circulation materials with high density could deposit faster close to the wellbore and therefore accelerating the control process. High concentration of lost circulation materials is likely to shorten the plugging time, which should be determined referring to the severity of loss. This work provides drilling engineers a practical method for simulating the lost circulation and selecting lost circulation material.
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Victorov, Alexey S., e Olga N. Trapeznikova. "Stochastic Models Of Dynamic Balance State For The Morphological Patterns Of Cryolithozone Landscapes". GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12, n. 3 (3 ottobre 2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-68.

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The paper deals with mathematical modeling of a morphological pattern for a broad spectrum of cryolithozone landscapes in a state of a dynamic balance. The state of the dynamic balance means that all the elements of this morphological pattern are in continuous changing while its general parameters as a whole are stable. Two contradirectional processes at the same territory is a precondition for a state of dynamic balance.We developed a morphological pattern model for lacustrine thermokarst plains with fluvial erosion on the base of the mathematical morphology of landscape using the random process theory. The contra-directional processes here include thermokarst lakes appearing and increasing in size from one side and drainage of the lakes by fluvial erosion, from the other. Thus, the regularities of the structure and dynamics of each landscape morphological pattern are theoretically substantiated. The results of the mathematical modeling were empirically verified at some key sites.
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John, V. Chandy, M. G. Satish e D. H. Waller. "Development and evaluation of numerical hydrodynamic models for small lakes and reservoirs". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, n. 2 (1 aprile 1995): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-036.

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The response of a small lake or reservoir system to wind and streamflow forcing is examined in this paper using a numerical model based on Navier–Stokes equation and a numerical hydraulic model using the segment-node approach. The main mass transport in the lake has been found to be due to wind; the circulation caused by stream inflow and outflow of the lake contributes a relatively small fraction of the total transport. The above-mentioned models have been applied to different wind regimes and constant or variable inflow–outflow conditions of Long Lake (Nova Scotia). Comparisons are made between observed data and model results by both models. The model response has also been studied for generation of seiches and wind setup in the lake; and the response of the lake to these forcing functions has been presented. The comparison of model results with in situ field data establishes model's suitability to make predictions. Drogue and water level measurements were made at a number of locations in the Long Lake to validate the numerical models. The results from the numerical simulation using the two models compare favourably with the observed data. As may be expected, the segment-node modelling scheme was found to be computationally more efficient and relatively easy to run on a personal computer. Key words: numerical model, hydrodynamics, circulation, Long Lake, temperature, dissolved oxygen, stratification, Nova Scotia.
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Ziemińska-Stolarska, Aleksandra, e Jerzy Skrzypski. "Review of Mathematical Models of Water Quality". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2012): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0015-x.

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Review of Mathematical Models of Water Quality Water is one of the main elements of the environment which determine the existence of life on the Earth, affect the climate and limit the development of civilization. Water resources management requires constant monitoring in terms of its qualitative-quantitative values. Proper assessment of the degree of water pollution is the basis for conservation and rational utilization of water resources. Water quality in lakes and dams is undergoing continuous degradation caused by natural processes resulting from eutrophication and due to anthropogenic reasons. One of the tools that are used to solve problems of surface water pollution is modelling of changes which take place in lake waters and associated water quality changes. In the last thirty years a rapid development of mathematical modelling of water resources quality has been observed. A number of computer models have been designed which are successfully applied in practice in many countries, including Poland. This paper presents an overview of mathematical models for assessment of water quality in dam reservoirs. Description of the WASP program which will be used for modelling water quality in the Sulejow Reservoir was the focal point.
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Sudakov, I. A., e S. A. Vakulenko. "Mathematical modelling of positive carbon-climate feedback: permafrost lake methane emission case". Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, n. 1 (4 aprile 2012): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-235-2012.

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Abstract. The permafrost methane emission problem is in the focus of attention of different climate models. We present new approach to the permafrost methane emission modeling. The tundra permafrost lakes is potential source of methane emission. Typically, tundra landscape contains a number of small lakes and warming leads to lake extension. We are making use of this process by the nonlinear theory of phase transitions. We find that climate catastrophe possibility depends on a feedback coefficient connecting the methane concentration in atmosphere and temperature, and on the tundra permafrost methane pool.
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Tesi sul tema "Lakes – Circulation – Mathematical models"

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Arnold, Robert John. "Mathematical modelling of wind effects on closed lakes /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha758.pdf.

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Ropp, David L. "Numerical study of shallow water models with variable topography". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2000_165_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Jung, Kyung Tae. "On three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical modelling of wind induced flows in stably stratified waters : a Galerkin-finite difference approach". Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj95.pdf.

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Yeates, Peter Stafford. "Deep mixing in stratified lakes and reservoirs". University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0046.

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The onset of summer stratification in temperate lakes and reservoirs forces a decoupling of the hypolimnion from the epilimnion that is sustained by strong density gradients in the metalimnion. These strong gradients act as a barrier to the vertical transport of mass and scalars leading to bottom anoxia and subsequent nutrient release from the sediments. The stratification is intermittently overcome by turbulent mixing events that redistribute mass, heat, dissolved parameters and particulates in the vertical. The redistribution of ecological parameters then exerts some control over the ecological response of the lake. This dissertation is focused on the physics of deep vertical mixing that occurs beneath the well-mixed surface layer in stratified lakes and reservoirs. The overall aim is to improve the ability of numerical models to reproduce deep vertical mixing, thus providing better tools for water quality prediction and management. In the first part of this research the framework of a one-dimensional mixed-layer hydrodynamic model was used to construct a pseudo two-dimensional model that computes vertical fluxes generated by deep mixing processes. The parameterisations developed for the model were based on the relationship found between lake-wide vertical buoyancy flux and the first-order internal wave response of the lake to surface wind forcing. The ability of the model to reproduce the observed thermal structure in a range of lakes and reservoirs was greatly improved by incorporating an explicit turbulent benthic boundary layer routine. Although laterally-integrated models reproduce the net effect of turbulent mixing in a vertical sense, they fail to resolve the transient distribution of turbulent mixing events triggered by local flow properties defined at far smaller scales. Importantly, the distribution of events may promote tertiary motions and ecological niches. In the second part of the study a large body of microstructure data collected in Lake Kinneret, Israel, was used to show that the nature of turbulent mixing events varied considerably between the epilimnion, metalimnion, hypolimnion and benthic boundary layer, yet the turbulent scales of the events and the buoyancy flux they produced collapsed into functions of the local gradient Richardson number. It was found that the most intense events in the metalimnion were triggered by high-frequency waves generated near the surface that grew and imparted a strain on the metalimnion density field, which led to secondary instabilities with low gradient Richardson numbers. The microstructure observations suggest that the local gradient Richardson number could be used to parameterise vertical mixing in coarse-grid numerical models of lakes and reservoirs. However, any effort to incorporate such parameterisations becomes meaningless without measures to reduce numerical diffusion, which often dominates over parameterised physical mixing. As a third part of the research, an explicit filtering tool was developed to negate numerical diffusion in a threedimensional hydrodynamic model. The adaptive filter ensured that temperature gradients in the metalimnion remained within bounds of the measured values and so the computation preserved the spectrum of internal wave motions that trigger diapycnal mixing events in the deeper reaches of a lake. The results showed that the ratio of physical to numerical diffusion is dictated by the character of the dominant internal wave motions.
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Shimizu, Kenji. "Application of modal analysis to strongly stratified lakes". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0079.

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Modal analysis for strongly stratified lakes was extended to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the basin-scale motions. By viewing the basin-scale motions as a superposition of modes, that have distinct periods and three-dimensional structures, the method provides a conceptual understanding for the excitation, evolution, and damping of the basin-scale motions. Once the motion has been decomposed into modes, their evolution and energetics may be extracted from hydrodynamic simulation results and field data. The method was applied to Lake Biwa, Japan, and Lake Kinneret, Israel, and used for a theoretical study. The real lake applications showed that winds excited basin-scale motions that had a surface layer velocity structure similar to the wind stress pattern. Three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of Lake Biwa indicated that most of the energy input from winds was partitioned into the internal waves that decayed within a few days. The gyres, on the other hand, received much less energy but dominated the dynamics during calm periods due to their slow damping. Analyses of field data from Lake Kinneret suggested that the internal waves, excited by the strong winds every afternoon, were damped over a few days primarily due to bottom friction. Theoretical investigations of damping mechanisms of internal waves revealed that bottom friction induced a velocity anomaly at the top of the boundary layer that drained energy from the nearly inviscid interior by a combination of internal wave cancelling and spin-down. These results indicate that gyres induce long-term horizontal transport near the surface and internal waves transfer energy from winds to near-bottom mixing. Modal structure of dominant basin-scale internal waves can induce large heterogeneity of nearbottom mass transfer processes. The method presented here provides a tool to determine how basin-scale motions impact on biogeochemical processes in stratified lakes.
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Marti, Clelia Luisa. "Exchange processes between littoral and pelagic waters in a stratified lake". University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0005.

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[Truncated abstract] The lake boundaries are an important source of sediment, nutrients and chemicals. For life inside the lake, the exchange between the lake boundaries (littoral) and lake interior (pelagic) is of central importance to Limnology as the net flux of nutrients into the water column is both the driving force and limiting factor for most algae blooms found during the stratification period. Consequently, the understanding of the relevant processes defining such an exchange is a further step toward a sound basis for future decisions by lake managers in order to ensure high water quality. The objective of this research was to investigate the physical processes responsible for the exchange of water and particles between the lake boundaries and the lake interior. An integrated approach using field experiments and 3D modelling as applied to Lake Kinneret (Israel) is presented. The field data revealed large-scale metalimnion oscillations with amplitudes up to 10 m in response to westerly diurnal winds, the existence of a well-defined suspended particle intrusion into the metalimnion of the lake, characterized by high concentrations of organic matter, and a well-mixed benthic boundary layer (BBL). The changes in the thermal structure explained the observed vertical and horizontal movements of the suspended particle intrusion. The horizontal advective transport via the metalimnion, associated with the velocities induced by the basin-scale mode-two Poincare wave, controlled the exchange between the lake boundaries and lake interior on daily time scales. The observed BBL over the lake slope varied markedly with time and space. Detailed comparison of simulation results with field data revealed that the model captured the lake hydrodynamics for time scales from hours to days. The model could then be used to extract the residual motions in the various regions of the lake. The residual motions below the surface layer were predominantly forced by the basin-scale internal wave motions, but the residual motion in the surface layer was found to be very sensitive to the curl of the wind field. The residual circulation was responsible for redistributing mass throughout the lake basin on time scales from days to weeks. A clear connection of dynamics of the BBL with the large-scale features of the flow was addressed. The time history of the mixing in the BBL and the resulting cross-shore flux was shown to vary with the phase of the basin-scale internal waves.
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Meeuwig, Jessica Jane. "All water is wet : predicting eutrophication in lakes and estuaries". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35918.

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Coastal eutrophication, defined as an increase in algal biomass (as chlorophyll (Chl)) is of increasing international concern. Although coastal eutrophication will likely increase as coastal populations grow, few models exist to support its management. Lake eutrophication has also long been recognized as an important environmental concern. However, effective lake eutrophication management exists, supported by regression and mass-balance models. Traditionally, these "Vollenweider" models link land-use to Chl via total phosphorus (TP), the nutrient considered to be limiting Chl. However, based on a data set of 63 lakes, Chl was more accurately predicted by models based on land-use than by those based on TP. This result provided the rationale to build Chl:land-use models for estuaries where the Chl:nutrient relations are unclear. Chl:land-use models were developed for 15 estuaries in PEI, 19 estuaries in Finland and 26 US estuaries. Land-use models predicted Chl more accurately than TP in the US estuaries and in some of the Finnish estuaries. In the Finnish estuaries, Chl was best predicted by a land-use model in estuaries dominated by nonpoint source loading whereas Chl was most accurately predicted by the Vollenweider approach in estuaries dominated by point-source loading. In the PEI estuaries, the accuracy of the land-use model was comparable to the accuracy of the TP model. The PEI estuaries had much lower yields of Chl per unit nutrient than lakes suggesting differences among systems. This Chl deficit (expected-observed Chl) was accounted for by herbivory and turbidity, neither of which factors are exclusive to estuaries. The comparison of Chl response to nutrients and land-use across lakes and estuaries demonstrated no systematic differences as a function of tidal energy, openness or salinity. The regression models based on the combined data accurately predicted Chl as a function of TP and percentage of the catchment forested and mean depth. These results sug
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Bermejo-Bermejo, Rodolfo. "A finite element model of ocean circulation". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26166.

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Preliminary results of a two-layer quasi-geostrophic box model of a wind-driven ocean are presented. The new aspects of this work in relation with conventional eddy models are a finite element formulation of the quasi-geostrophic equations and the use of no-slip boundary condition on the horizontal solid boundaries. In contrast to eddy resolving models that utilize free-slip boundary conditions our results suggest that the obtention of ocean eddies with the no-slip constraints requires a more restricted range of parameters, in particular much lower horizontal eddy viscosity eddy coefficients AH and higher Froude numbers F₁ and F₂. We show explicitly that a given range of parameters, which is eddy generating when the free-slip boundary condition is used, leads to a quasi-laminar flow in both, upper and lower, layers. An analytical model to interpret the numerical results is put forth. It is an extension of an earlier model of Ierley and Young (1983) in that the relative vorticity terms are of primary importance for the dynamics. Thus, it is shown that the boundary layer dynamics is active in the interior of the second layer, and it can be concluded from our method that for given F₁ and F₂ such that the lower layer geostrophic contours are closed, to the existence of the western boundary layer will prevent the homogenization of the potential vorticity so long as AH is large enough to stabilize the northwestern undulations of the flow.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Kiss, Andrew Elek. "Dynamics of laboratory models of the wind-driven ocean circulation". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011018.115707/index.html.

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De, Neeve Eileen O'Brien. "Bernard Lonergan's "Circulation analysis" and macrodynamics". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74336.

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Abstract (sommario):
Bernard Lonergan's economic writings have not been fully evaluated by economists although two recent papers by Burley (1989a, 1989b) show that work has begun. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, is to situate Lonergan's (1944) economics essay, Circulation Analysis, in the history of economic thought of the period as well as to present a Lonerganian cycle model.
Circulation Analysis examines fundamental macrodynamic processes to explain fluctuations. It was written in the early 1940s following a period of controversy and debate that led to the current paradigms of economic dynamics. The two sides of the debate are exemplified by Harrod (1936) and Hayek (1933 (1928), 1939), in particular. The controversy ended with World War II and the emerging hegemony of the Anglo-American approach, which separated macrodynamics into growth theory (long-run supply problems), and stabilization theory (short-run demand problems).
This dissertation argues that this dichotomy is unsatisfactory and proposes Lonergan's pure cycle as an alternative paradigm. Lonergan's pure cycle restores the importance of supply-side dynamics in the short-run, without denying the primacy of demand issues in the analysis of deviations. A Lonerganian approach views demand shocks as essentially monetary, but also contends that the distribution of nominal income can cause shocks, if it is not synchronized with changes in real variables.
In this thesis a Lonerganian model is presented that uses a Kydland-Prescott (1982) type of "time-to-build" technology. The model is subjected to permanent productivity shocks to investment, which explain, with a lag, equilibrium output. The monetary and distributional shocks to demand, which are temporary, can then explain the deviation of actual output from its equilibrium value. The model uses a Beveridge and Nelson (1981) approach, which specifies changes in growth rates of variables as a function of permanent and temporary shocks. The shocks are identified because the model is recursive: first, the productivity shock determines investment and equilibrium output; then, the monetary shock determines prices and sales of consumer goods. Simulation results are presented.
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Libri sul tema "Lakes – Circulation – Mathematical models"

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Astrakhant︠s︡ev, G. P. Modelirovanie ėkosistem bolʹshikh stratifit︠s︡irovannykh ozer. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2003.

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1936-, Zilitinkevich S. S., e Fedorovich E. E, a cura di. Modeling air-lake interaction: Physical background. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Bührer, H. Dynamische Simulation des Bodensee-Obersees und tolerierbare Phosphor-Fracht. [Reichenau]: Internationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee, 1993.

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Marchuk, G. I. Mathematical modelling of the ocean circulation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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A, Beckmann, a cura di. Numerical ocean circulation modeling. London: Imperial College Press, 1999.

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Oberhuber, Josef M. Simulation of the Atlantic circulation with a coupled sea ice-mixed layer-isopycnal general circulation model. Hamburg, Germany: Max-Planck-Institut fuer Meteorologie, 1990.

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Stanev, Emil V. Numerical study on the Black Sea circulation. Hamburg: Eigenverlag des Instituts für Meereskunde der Universität Hamburg, 1988.

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Enting, I. G. A strategy for calibrating atmospheric transport models. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia, 1985.

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Robbins, John A. Great Lakes regional fallout source functions. Ann Arbor, Mich: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.

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Karakawa, Masanori. A mathematical approach to cardiovascular disease: Mechanics of blood circulation. Tokyo: Kokuseido Pub. Co., 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Lakes – Circulation – Mathematical models"

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Marchuk, G. I., e A. S. Sarkisyan. "Formulation of the Problem, Transformation of Equations and Elaboration of Ocean Circulation Models". In Mathematical Modelling of Ocean Circulation, 1–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61376-0_1.

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Saint-Raymond, Laure. "The Role of Boundary Layers in the Large-scale Ocean Circulation". In Mathematical Models and Methods for Planet Earth, 11–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02657-2_2.

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Gross, Joseph F., e Aleksander S. Popel. "Mathematical Models of Transport Phenomena in Normal and Neoplastic Tissue". In Tumor Blood Circulation: Angiogenesis, Vascular Morphology and Blood Flow of Experimental and Human Tumors, 169–83. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429283024-10.

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Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge X. "Modelling Epidemics: a Perspective on Mathematical Models and Their Use". In Moving From COVID-19 Mathematical Models to Vaccine Design: Theory, Practice and Experiences, 207–37. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051902122010010.

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In this text, we look at several mathematical models that have been constructed during the present pandemic to address different issues of importance to public health policies about epidemic scenarios and their causes. We start by briefly reviewing the most basic properties of the classic Kermack-McKendrick model and then proceed to look at some generalizations and their applications to contact structures, co-circulation of viral infections, growth patterns of epidemic curves, characterization of probability distributions and passage times necessary to parametrize the compartments that are added to the basic Kermack-McKendrick model. All of these examples revolve around the idea that a system of differential equations is constructed from a specific epidemiological problem, has as a central and main theoretical and conceptual support the epidemiological, medical, and biological context that motivates its construction and analysis. <br>
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Williams, C. F. "Hydrothermal Circulation and Intraplate Deformation: Constraints and Predictions from In-Situ Measurements and Mathematical Models". In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Ocean Drilling Program, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.116.139.1990.

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6

Lenhard, Johannes. "Experiment and Artificiality". In Calculated Surprises, 17–45. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873288.003.0002.

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This chapter works out in what way or ways experimentation is fitted into the process of simulation modeling: how much do numerical experiments contribute to making simulation modeling a special type of mathematical modeling? The main point of the chapter is that the discreteness of the computer makes it necessary to perform repeated experimental adjustments throughout the modeling process. Experimentation and modeling, it is argued, build an explorative cooperation. Experimental practice (in the ordinary sense) is bound up with adjustments such as calibrating instruments. With simulation, they become essential to mathematical modeling, as well. Atmospheric circulation models are discussed as an illustrating case.
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Şen, Zekâi. "Medicine and Engineering “Engineering is Supportive to Medical Instruments and Software”". In Scientific Philosophy and Principles in Medicine, 260–96. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050806122010012.

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The main theme of this chapter is to supplement medical examinations with biomedical means, which is only possible with mutual collaboration between doctors and engineers. The principles of science and technology-based tools are explained by engineering design concepts and software possibilities, which are supportive aids for medical diagnosis. Various sections of this chapter provide a linguistic explanation of the engineering related medical issues followed by a logical explanation of mathematical expression derivations through various models based on a set of assumptions. In the explanations, bivalent and fuzzy logic principles are used according to the problem at hand. Population growth, food sharing, injection, diabetics, dialysis, epidemics, sensitive hearing intake, blood circulation, etc. problems are modeled using a set of convenient mathematical methodologies. Human engineering concepts are discussed from the medical point of view. Finally, a set of recommendations are given for possible future directions to arrive at better innovation.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Lakes – Circulation – Mathematical models"

1

Vilela, Plínio, Mônica Cachoni, Anderson Vieira e Luciano Christofoletti. "Train Circulation Planning: Quantitative Approaches". In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2223.

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The railway traffic system is an important player in passenger and freight transportation. This paper aims to present a survey of optimization models for the most commonly studied rail transportation problems related to train scheduling. We propose a classification of models and describe their characteristics by focusing on model structure and algorithmic aspects. Most reviewed papers have been proposed during the last decades. Apart from a few exceptions, the survey concentrates on published and easily accessible material. We have also elected to limit ourselves to contributions dealing specifically with rail transportation planning in single and double tracks. Each model has different goals, such as, to minimize service delays, to reduce the unscheduled train stops or to minimize the total time a train has to remain motionless, specially to allow crossings. For each group of problems, we propose a classification of models and describe their important characteristics by focusing on model structure and algorithmic aspects. The literature review involve papers published since the 1970s, but recent publications suggest that the problem is still heavily investigated. The main approaches considered are those that focus on Mathematical Optimization and Simulation. The review also considers the approach used to generate the solution, the type of railroad (real or hypothetical), and the infrastructure characteristics used to represent the railroad model. Our analysis focuses on showing an overview of those planning models.
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Slepchuk, Kira, Kira Slepchuk, Tatyana Khmara e Tatyana Khmara. "AVAILABILITY OF NUMERICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO SOLVE THE APPLIED PROBLEMS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SHELF ECOSYSTEMS". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93b74031e6.93146133.

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The problems appeared during development and calibration of one-dimensional (vertical resolution) biogeochemical block of water quality model, are discussed. It is extremely useful in the initial stage of shelf ecosystems research because of its simplicity in as implementation as result interpretation. To describe the environmental parameters dynamics we used the Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment, which consists of hydrodynamic model; model of conservative impurity transport; chemical and biological model. The seasonal of biogenic elements and phytoplankton variability in the Sevastopol Bay is studied as an example.
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Slepchuk, Kira, Kira Slepchuk, Tatyana Khmara e Tatyana Khmara. "AVAILABILITY OF NUMERICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO SOLVE THE APPLIED PROBLEMS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SHELF ECOSYSTEMS". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43172900b2.

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Abstract (sommario):
The problems appeared during development and calibration of one-dimensional (vertical resolution) biogeochemical block of water quality model, are discussed. It is extremely useful in the initial stage of shelf ecosystems research because of its simplicity in as implementation as result interpretation. To describe the environmental parameters dynamics we used the Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment, which consists of hydrodynamic model; model of conservative impurity transport; chemical and biological model. The seasonal of biogenic elements and phytoplankton variability in the Sevastopol Bay is studied as an example.
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4

Zhang, Ming, Tao Zhou, Ping Liu, Ke Ran, Cheng Sheng, Tao Fu e Zejun Xiao. "Study on the Predicting Model of Onset of Nucleate Boiling in Natural Circulation Based on Unascertained Mathematics". In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29419.

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Subcooled boiling in natural circulation has great influences on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the medium in primary circuit loop of pressurized water reactor. Onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) is a key point in boiling heat transfer. According to analyze the existing models of ONB, the main factors that affect ONB are found out. The effects of main factors and the location of ONB are analyzed based on Yang Ruichang model in natural circulation, and found a model to calculate the location of ONB in natural circulation. A mathematical model is created using unascertained mathematics and compared with other models. The conclusion illustrates that the predicting model can describe the physical phenomena of subcooled boiling efficiently, and depicts the relation of certainty and uncertainty of influencing factors preferably by unascertained mathematics, which has particular methods to handle incomplete information, unsteady and inaccuracy numerical value, and variation quantity. The model reveals the real circumstance more accurately and plays an important role in security evaluation in nuclear power plant.
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5

Ward, John, Sara A. C. Correia e João L. V. A. Sousa. "The Application of Multi-Zone Thermal Radiation Models to Investigate the Energy Efficiency of a Metal Reheating Furnace Under Start Up Conditions". In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0874.

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Abstract The zone method of radiation analysis has been widely used in mathematical models of a range of industrial heating processes. This paper is thus concerned with the use of a two-dimensional, multi-zone model to predict fuel consumptions, heating rates and load temperatures following the “cold start up” of a gas-fired furnace heating steel bars to a nominal discharge temperature of 1250°C. The model takes into account variations in the flows of the combustion products and in particular examines the influence of the re-circulation of these hot gases within the furnace chamber. The predictions of this complex two-dimensional model are compared with those of a one-dimensional so-called “long furnace model” to illustrate the differences resulting from the use of a more sophisticated multi-zone model.
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6

Abokersh, Mohamed Hany, Hatem Elayat, Mohamed Osman e Mohamed El-Morsi. "Application of Response Surface Model for Sizing Solar Thermal Energy System at Residential Scale During the Early Design Stages". In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1670.

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Abstract In the present study, the design of experiments (DOE) methodology is employed to statistically model and optimize the thermal performance of a forced circulation solar water heating system (FSWHS) with various budget constraints using a small number of simulation trails. The simulation trails are implemented using a model developed in TRNSYS 17 software, and climate conditions of Cairo, Egypt. A sequential approach is used to obtain the optimum system configuration with respect to the budget constraint. The definitive screening design is first utilized to eliminate the insignificant factors and investigate the effect of the quadratic terms. Then, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used for developing mathematical models based on multiple regression analysis. Finally, the optimization problem is formulated and solved using the desirability function. The developed mathematical models for the thermal performance responses showed a good agreement with the results obtained in TRNSYS for various budget constraints. This agreement proved the ability of the mathematical models to predict the performance of FSWHS precisely. Furthermore, the optimization methodology can be applied for various types of solar water heating systems, and different renewable energy applications.
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Akyuzlu, K. M., Y. Pavri e A. Antoniou. "A Numerical Study of Unsteady Natural Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure: The Effect of Compressibility". In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60294.

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A two-dimensional, mathematical model is adopted to investigate the development of buoyancy driven circulation patterns and temperature contours inside a rectangular enclosure filled with a compressible fluid (Pr=1.0). One of the vertical walls of the enclosure is kept at a higher temperature then the opposing vertical wall. The top and the bottom of the enclosure are assumed insulated. The physics based mathematical model for this problem consists of conservation of mass, momentum (two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations) and energy equations for the enclosed fluid subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. The working fluid is assumed to be compressible through a simple ideal gas relation. The governing equations are discretized using second order accurate central differencing for spatial derivatives and first order forward finite differencing for time derivatives where the computation domain is represented by a uniform orthogonal mesh. The resulting nonlinear equations are then linearized using Newton’s linearization method. The set of algebraic equations that result from this process are then put into a matrix form and solved using a Coupled Modified Strongly Implicit Procedure (CMSIP) for the unknowns (primitive variables) of the problem. A numerical experiment is carried out for a benchmark case (driven cavity flow) to verify the accuracy of the proposed solution procedure. Numerical experiments are then carried out using the proposed compressible flow model to simulate the development of the buoyancy driven circulation patterns for Rayleigh numbers between 103 and 105. Finally, an attempt is made to determine the effect of compressibility of the working fluid by comparing the results of the proposed model to that of models that use incompressible flow assumptions together with Boussinesq approximation.
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8

Pellet, Mathieu, Pierre Melchior, Youssef Abdelmoumen e Alain Oustaloup. "Fractional Thermal Model of the Lungs Using Havriliak-Negami Function". In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48095.

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This paper is about fractional system identification of a thermal model of the lungs. Usually, during open-heart surgery, an extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is carried out on the patient. In order to plug the artificial heart/lung machine on the blood stream, the lungs are disconnected from the circulatory system. This may results in postoperative respiratory complications. A method to protect the lungs has been developed by surgeon and anesthetist. It is called: bronchial hypothermia. The aim is to cool the organ in order to slow down its deterioration. Unfortunately the thermal properties of the lungs are not well-known yet. Mathematical models are useful and needed in order to improve the knowledge of these organs. As proved by several previous works, fractional models are especially appropriate to model thermal systems (model compacity, accuracy) and the dynamic of fractal systems. Thus, fractional models of the lungs have been determined using time domain system identification with the Havriliak-Negami function. A comparison with integer order models was also carried out. The aim of this paper is to present the results of this study.
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9

Vankevich, Roman, Roman Vankevich, Ekaterina Sofina, Ekaterina Sofina, Tatjana Eremina, Tatjana Eremina, Mikhail Molchanov et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NEMO BASED OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE GULF OF FINLAND AND THE KALININGRAD SHELF". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93cbe18747.49034561.

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This study is aimed at developing of an operational oceanographic system for the Russian sector in the Gulf of Finland and South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea for operational forecast of hydrodynamic and ecosystem parameters on the basis of high and ultra-high spatial resolution models. The system is presented as a complex of regional and local models; for which a coupled modeling integration at boundary conditions exchange is fulfilled. The models share common mathematical formulation of general motion equations and a unified realization on the basis of programme code modeling modules designed for the ocean modeling – NEMO. The regional model of the Baltic Sea circulation is complemented by a module for the inert matter transport simulation. The latter is set up on the basis of a matter turbulent diffusion model with the use of two consistent equation systems: deterministic and stochastic. The designed operational system consists of two subsystems: operational oceanographic system of the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and an expert-analytical system of operational monitoring of the aquatic environment and effective response to accidents at sea.
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10

Vankevich, Roman, Roman Vankevich, Mikhail Molchanov, Mikhail Molchanov, Ekaterina Sofina, Ekaterina Sofina, Vladimir Ryabchenko et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NEMO BASED OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE GULF OF FINLAND AND THE KALININGRAD SHELF". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93f0b46083.45377437.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
This study is aimed at developing of an operational oceanographic system for the Russian sector in the Gulf of Finland and South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea for operational forecast of hydrodynamic and ecosystem parameters on the basis of high and ultra-high spatial resolution models. The system is presented as a complex of regional and local models; for which a coupled modeling integration at boundary conditions exchange is fulfilled. The models share common mathematical formulation of general motion equations and a unified realization on the basis of programme code modeling modules designed for the ocean modeling – NEMO. The regional model of the Baltic Sea circulation is complemented by a module for the inert matter transport simulation. The latter is set up on the basis of a matter turbulent diffusion model with the use of two consistent equation systems: deterministic and stochastic. The designed operational system consists of two subsystems: operational oceanographic system of the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and an expert-analytical system of operational monitoring of the aquatic environment and effective response to accidents at sea.
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