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1
Waite, Louise. "Embodied working lives : manual labouring in Maharashta, India." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273415.
Testo completo
2
Senti, Nomphiwe Priscilla. "Experiences of labouring women of unexpected neonatal resuscitation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18486.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experiences of women regarding unexpected neonatal resuscitation were studied in this research. The objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of labouring women whose babies required unexpected resuscitation at birth. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. Labour and birth do not always go as well as expected as deviations could happen at any of the four stages of labour. Midwives tend to focus on the neonate when resuscitation is needed and leave the mother unattended and wondering what is happening as they rush away with the neonate. The situation motivated the researcher to conduct the study. The focus was on the experience of during the time of resuscitation. The study is qualitative, and exploratory, descriptive, contextual and narrative research approaches were used to reach the objective. The research population included women who delivered in the identified site from six hours to six weeks post delivery period. Inclusion criteria were the following: Women must have attended antenatal care at least four times. Their pregnancies were categorized as low risk. The ages of the women were 18-35 years. Gestational age was 38-41 weeks. The neonate should have been resuscitated successfully and admitted for observation in the nursery. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used. Data was collected by conducting semi-structured one-on-one interviews using a tape recorder. The site for the study was a public hospital, and the managers and operational midwives were used as gatekeepers. Fifteen participants gave permission to participate in the study willingly and were interviewed individually and anonymously. The interviews were transcribed, and Creswell’s data analysis spiral image was used. The period for data collection was seven months in one academic year. An independent coder’s services were utilized to increase the trustworthiness of the findings. The trustworthiness of the study was also ensured by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Strategies used to ensure trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The researcher maintained the ethical standards for conducting research by adhering to ethical principles, such as human rights, beneficence and justice. Confidentiality was maintained by using numbers instead of names, and only the researcher knows the participants’ names. Only the researcher, supervisor and the independent coder have access to the information. The data is kept in a locked cabinet and will be kept for the next five years following the publication of results. Two main themes emerged from the data analysis with each having two sub-themes Mothers verbalized varying emotions regarding their neonates’ inability to breathe properly. Mothers verbalized the importance of receiving support and information from midwives. To optimise the discussion of research findings, direct quotes were used from the raw data of interviews to support the description of experiences. Recommendations for midwives were to prepare the pregnant women during antenatal care for unexpected emergencies during labour and to reinforce this information on admission when labour commences. Managers are to update the guidelines on maternity care and the health education checklist. Nursing schools should train student midwives in debriefing and counselling skills. Both study objectives were successfully met.
3
Callaghan, Helen M. "Birth dirt: relations of power in childbirth." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents the findings of a doctoral study which analysed video tapes of labouring Australian women at the end of the 20th century, historical data from midwifery and medical textbooks, consumer material, and personal experience as a midwifery student in 1970- 1971. The data analysis was achieved using discourse analysis, but was influenced by Michel Foucault together with anthropological and sociological approaches, particularly as these can be applied to visual material. ‘Dirt’ is a commonly accepted term, but it becomes difficult to define as it is so dependant on the context. Since the discovery of the germ theory in the 19th century, however, it is difficult for western health professionals to conceive of dirt as being anything but unaesthetic, unhygienic and pathogenic. When analysing the data from this study, it became evident that birth and dirt have a close association. The changes that have occurred in childbirth have revolved around who and what is perceived as clean, and who and what is perceived as dirty. This thesis argues that ‘birth dirt’ exists, but, its form will vary depending on the time, the place, and the culture, although it is always centred around the physical reality of birth. Video tapes of the birthing process indicate that midwives, in their ritualised behaviours of containing, controlling and cleaning up the ‘dirt’ associated with birth, create a barrier between themselves and the women. ‘Dirt’ in this instance is the ‘contaminating’ body fluids and substances derived from the woman and her baby. The dirt relationship is a power relationship and the midwife is an essential part of its structure. The midwife is the dirty worker who maintains the cleanliness of the environment and controls the ‘dirt’ during birth. There is considerable rhetoric about midwives as being ‘with woman’, but the reality is that the midwives are more often ‘with dirt’.
4
Reid, Bryonie. "Labouring towards the space to belong : imagining place in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421896.
Testo completo
5
Deans, Alexander Eden Atkinson. "Labouring bodies, feeling minds : intellectual improvement and Scottish writing, 1759-1828." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6170/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis traces the dynamic between labour and learning as it was figured by Scottish writers in the period 1759-1828. Vocational specialization and engagement with a literary field that traversed professional and disciplinary boundaries were the twin imperatives of the Scottish Enlightenment’s modernising credo. But the division of labour was also associated with a narrowing of intellectual and moral capacity thought to be incompatible with the exhortations of politeness and civility. Leisured cultivation offered readers and writers a middle ground in which to negotiate between these contradictory demands. This study explores the way in which this culture of intellectual improvement was claimed by authors and readers involved in manual labour as a counterinfluence to the rigours of work, and as a civilizing prerogative that extended to all social levels. But others registered significant anxiety towards the destabilising effects of excessive delicacy or refinement, and feared that these might be exacerbated by contact with the necessity of bodily labour. I argue that this contributed to a redressing of the content and purpose of popular education that sought to match it to the role of the lower classes within the economic and political order. Particular attention is paid in the following study to authors who either claimed or were ascribed a labouring identity such as Robert Burns and James Hogg, but I also deal with lesser-known writers, and frame their engagement with intellectual improvement through broader eighteenth-century discourses on the division of labour and the theory of mind. In doing so, I discuss a variety of genres and forms, including philosophical and economic treatises, poetry, memoir, biography, the novel, and the literary periodical.
6
White, Jonathan. "Luxury and labour : ideas of labouring-class consumption in eighteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36401/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines changing ideas of labouring-class consumption in eighteenthcentury England. Recent social and economic history has rewritten eighteenthcentury England in terms of the formation of a commercial society. Against this backdrop, intellectual and cultural historians have uncovered the formation of concepts and practices appropriate for a civilised commercial society. Yet, in spite of the growing evidence that they were increasingly participating in the developing world of goods, little work has focused on the public discussion of the labouring classes' consumer desires. The study is based on the close analysis of pamphlet literature discussing the labouring classes. It tracks the ideas through which the propertied classes viewed labouring-class consumption and attempted to determine the exact status and function of their desires in a commercial society. From within an early eighteenth-century position which viewed the appetites of the poor as being a species of luxury, the thesis tracks the emergence of categories and concepts that made it possible to recognise the labouring classes' consumer desires as part of commercial society's progressive development. In the later years of the century, this optimism faded as the interests of capital accumulation and the demands of labourers were increasingly recognised to be contradictory. Ultimately, the thesis argues that we cannot understand the ideological representation of the needs and desires of the poor without also tracing the changing conceptualisation of their labour, in the same way that we cannot understand the formation of a commercial society without reference to proletarianisation and the attack on customary culture. The coalescing practices of a commercial society, and their ideological expression, rested upon the ever greater alienation of the labouring classes, from their human needs and powers.
7
Baldacchino, Godfrey. "Labouring in Lilliput : labour relations and images of smallness in developing microstates." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4042/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This project opens up insights into the social processes colouring labour relations in developing microstates. It purports to explore how worker behaviour in very small, often island, developing countries unfolds in circumstances prone also to influences resulting from the condition of smallness. The thesis' main intended contribution is therefore an alertness to the plausibility and heuristic usefulness of a smallness perspective towards a better understanding of microstate labour dynamics in particular. The research design adopted is reflexively critical. It confronts the theories and epithets surrounding the developing microstate, constructing a home grown, conceptual framework and methodological regime. This sensitises research to the often unacknowledged, behavioural dynamics which 'infect' labour formation and labour-management relations in these territories. The method of investigation comprises a resort to multiple data sourcing. A literature audit is complemented by 4 case studies. These involve: Transnationally comparable employment and labour relations settings emergent from semi-structured interview scripts; encounters with fellow microstate academics; and an autobiographical ethnography. The material is organised a follows: The research question is first set up and the applied methodology problematised (Chapter 1) . Next is a review of development theory, with the proposal of an alternative explanation of microstate 'development' strategies, subsequently applied to the experiences of Malta (my country) and Barbados (Chapter 2). The construction of a microstate labour syndrome follows, with the explanatory and organising potential of a typology revolving around the conditions of intimacy, totality and monopoly (Chapter 3). These leitmotifs are then tested out: First, in the context of labour relations in two microstate hotels (Chapter 4); secondly, with respect to the behaviour and perceptions of microstate campus academic staff; lastly, in relation to the self as microstate academic (Chapter 5). The conclusion serves as a synthesis as well as an opportunity to appraise the implications of the results (Chapter 6).
8
Shaw-Taylor, Leigh Matthew William. "Proletarianisation, parliamentary enclosure and the household economy of the labouring poor 1750-1850." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624419.
Testo completo
9
Wilcox, Alastair James Howard. "The Anglican Church in Victorian Liverpool and its work with the labouring poor." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2004. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/22531/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis will describe the nature of Anglican parochial work in Victorian Liverpool, with particular reference to the church's relationship with the poor during the period 1851-1902. The nineteenth century witnessed large scale urbanisation of which Liverpool was a conspicuous and distinctive example. How well adjusted were the institutions of the Anglican Church to meet these challenges? What structures, mechanisms and devices did clerics on the national stage recommend should be employed in both establishing and then running an efficient parish? How were these expectations met in practice? Many major studies already conducted locally have tended to centre on London. The availability of national and metropolitan sources (in particular those generated by Charles Booth) have been in some part responsible for this. Regional study however is key to understanding nineteenth century churches. What might the experiences within the 'second city of the Empire', have been? How far were recommended practices for efficient parochial management applicable in Liverpool? But the relationship between the priest and his parish is two sided. This thesis examines the use the poorer working classes made of the Anglican Church in Liverpool, not only in terms of worship but also rites of passage, (using the sacrament of baptism as an example) the agencies of relief and visitation. Liverpool is an excellent choice for such a study on account of the source material generated by religious effort, religious rivalry and ecclesiastical self-analysis. Although interesting statistical material exists for Liverpool, and should not be ignored, the primary emphasis of this thesis will be the use of regional qualitative data. This thesis will also be able to use material not hitherto in the public domain. This thesis must ignore (for reasons of length) the educational efforts made by the Anglicans. Date limitations curtail the use of much of the oral evidence gathered although reference will be made to this material where appropriate. This thesis will contend that there existed working class churches, used by the working class for worship, in membership or use of parochial organisations and for neighbourhood purposes (in the celebration of baptisms). Although success in one of these fields did not automatically entail success in the others, such churches, created the sentiment expressed by Victorians of 'our church.' The Anglican Church in late Victorian Liverpool was able to adapt to a certain degree, secular trends into the church by virtue of its strong parochial systems.
10
Ramoglou, Efstratios. "A realist analysis of the entrepreneurial worldview : under-labouring for a scientific study of entrepreneurship." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595584.
Testo completo
11
Johnson, Wayne J. "#In Triumph of Faith' : Primitive Methodism and the labouring people in the north Midlands, 1812-62." Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276172.
Testo completo
12
Smith, Marquin E. "Social justice vulnerabilities and marginalised communities: A case study of day labourers in Mbekweni." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7686.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)<br>Poverty remains one of the greatest challenges that Southern African countries face. The state
of poverty in a region is reflected in low levels of income, as well as high levels of
unemployment and human deprivation. Day labouring has become evidence of the high
unemployment rate in South Africa. In South Africa, the day labour market serves as a
catchment area for the fallout from a formal economy, unable to provide employment to those
who need it. Often, day labourers are socially excluded from the benefits of modern society,
such as, access to appropriate social services, work opportunities, and a decent income. This
could be perceived as social justice vulnerabilities.
13
Eckert, Kerena Ann. "Immersion in water in the first stage of labour : a new form of care for labouring women." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpme1919.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"March 2002." Bibliography: leaves 97-103. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of warm water bathing for women in labour in reducing the need for pharmacological relief. It also examines psychosocial outcomes such as women's expectations and views of labour and birth, satisfaction with care, and postnatal distress. The outcome from this research shows no clear benefits for women in labour who choose immersion in warm water and may, in fact, contribute to adverse effects in the neonate which lead to increased requirements for neonatal resuscitation.
14
Milne, Anne. "'Lactilla tends her fav'rite cow' : domesticated animals and women in eighteenth-century British labouring-class women's poetry /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/NQ66225.pdf.
Testo completo
15
Mussell, Susan Marie. "A comparison of the intramuscular and intravenous routes for administration of meperidine to nulliparous and multiparous labouring women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51774.pdf.
Testo completo
16
Snelgrove-Clarke, Erna E. "The effects of action learning on nurses' use of a fetal health surveillance guideline with low-risk labouring women." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94906.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Strategies for implementing evidence in clinical practice are often applied with an aim to change provider behaviour and improve patient outcomes. In Canada, many health professionals in birthing units use continuous electronic fetal monitoring rather than intermittent auscultation, despite the fact that continuous electronic fetal monitoring is associated with increased caesarean section and obstetrical intervention rates without benefit to the fetus. Based on a synthesis of credible research, there are national and international guidelines recommending intermittent auscultation for low-risk labouring women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two interventions, interactive education and Action Learning, that aimed to increase nurses' use of intermittent auscultation in low-risk labouring women as per the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada Fetal Health Surveillance Clinical Practice Guideline (Liston & Crane, 2002). Guided by Roger's (2003) theory of diffusion of innovation and the promoting action on research implementation in health services (PARiHS) framework (Kitson et al., 2008), I conducted a two-phase study. In the first phase, I used a pre-post design with staff nurses (N = 93) to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention. In the second phase, I used a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Action Learning strategy with staff nurses (N = 62) and randomized the nurses to either Action Learning or Usual Care. During labour, 270 consecutively admitted women who met the low-risk inclusion criteria received their care from either an Action Learning or a Usual Care nurse. Neither the interactive education intervention nor the Action Learning intervention had a significant effect on the nurses' use of guideline appropriate care, during episodes of care for low-risk labouring women. Various types of data were explored to determine their influence on the nurses' guideline adherence<br>Les stratégies de mise en uvre des données probantes dans la pratique clinique sont souvent appliquées dans le but de modifier le comportement des fournisseurs de soins et d'améliorer les résultats des patients. Au Canada, de nombreux professionnels de la santé travaillant dans des unités d'accouchement surveillent constamment le rythme cardiaque du ftus plutôt que de manière intermittente. Des directives nationales et internationales, recommandent l'auscultation intermittente pour les femmes en travail à faible risque. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer deux types d'intervention : la formation interactive et l'apprentissage actif, destinées à augmenter l'usage de l'auscultation intermittente par le personnel infirmier pour les femmes en travail à faible risque, conformément à la directive de pratique clinique pour la surveillance de la santé du ftus, directive fournie par la SOGC (Liston & Crane, 2002). En m'appuyant sur la théorie de la diffusion des innovations de Rogers (2003) et sur le modèle PARiHS promoting action on research implementation in health services (Kitson et al., 2008), j'ai mené une étude en deux phases. Dans la première phase, j'ai utilisé un modèle avant-après avec des infirmières soignantes (N = 93) pour évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention éducative. Dans la seconde phase, j'ai utilisé une méthodologie d'essai comparatif aléatoire pour évaluer l'efficacité de la stratégie d'apprentissage actif et j'ai assigné de manière aléatoire les infirmières (N = 62) au groupe bénéficiant de l'apprentissage actif ou au groupe dispensant les soins habituels. Durant le travail, 270 femmes admises consécutivement et répondant au critère de faible risque, ont reçu les soins d'une infirmière ayant suivi un apprentissage actif ou d'une infirmière dispensant les soins habituels. Ni l'intervention éducative interactive ni la stratégie d'apprentissage actif n'ont eu d'effet significatif su
17
Rattray, Janene, and res cand@acu edu au. "A Grounded Theory Study of Midwives’ Decision-Making: use of continuous electronic foetal monitoring on low risk labouring women." Australian Catholic University. School of Nursing & Midwifery, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp141.17052007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many midwives continue to use Continuous Electronic Foetal Monitoring (CEFM) on low risk women in labour, despite overwhelming clinical evidence that it is unnecessary. The use of CEFM on low risk labouring women has been linked to rising rates of medical intervention during labour and birth with no improvement in long term neonatal outcomes. This study examined the decision-making processes of midwives who used CEFM on low risk labouring women. Whilst a number of previous studies have examined various aspects of CEFM, none specific to midwives’ decision-making and CEFM on low risk labouring women. This study contributes to the literature in this specific area. The theoretical origins of Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory (GT) methods underpin this study. SI, a sociological theory that emphasises meaning in human interactions and behaviours is used in this study to focus on the behaviours and interactions of five midwives’when deciding to use CEFM on low risk labouring women. Primary data were collected by conducting unstructured interviews and systematic analysis was undertaken using GT methods to generate a substantive theory of: Midwives’ CEFM decision-making despite evidence based guidelines. The midwives made the decision that led to CEFM at two key points in the woman’s labour care. Firstly, during the initial assessment of the woman and foetus, some midwives decided to use a baseline CTG rather than intermittent auscultation (IA). Secondly, following initial assessment, the midwives made an individualised assessment and decided whether to use CEFM as the method to monitor the foetus during labour. Trust was identified as the core variable, having a profound effect on the midwives’ decision-making at these two points. Another significant factor that impacted on decision-making was staff workload. Recommendations relating to these findings promote that labouring women be central and intimately involved in decisions about foetal monitoring. Workplace reforms, such as the introduction of midwifery led models of care for women within a community setting are recommended to address professional trust and workload issues. Through the implementation of these recommendations it is expected that midwives will embrace the notion of woman centred care and that the unnecessary use of CEFM on low risk labouring women will be reduced.
18
Mather, Kim. "Labouring to lecture : a study of the changes in the labour management and labour process of further education lecturers." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis gives an account of the changing labour process of lecturers in the English Further Education (FE) sector, based on a detailed case study analysis of three colleges in the West Midlands. The evidence generated from this study shows that they are working harder, for longer, delivering to more students within what appears to be an increasingly oppressive mangerialist regime. They are also inspected, observed and appraised both inside and outside of the classroom, as college managers have sought to gain control over the total sphere of their work activity. These changes are argued here to have been triggered by reforms introduced to the sector under the 1992 Further and Higher Education Act. This was framed by a broader public policy imperative to reconstruct welfare provision in accordance with neoliberalist ideals. For the lecturers in these case study colleges, this neoliberalist logic has translated down into a range of complex issues that have directly affected the ways in which the job is performed, the circumstances under which it is performed and how it is rewarded. Labour process theory offers a powerful analytical lens through which to examine these changes
19
Davin, Anna. "Work and school for the children of London's labouring poor in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth-century." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286129.
Testo completo
20
Gray, Louise Marsha. "The self-experience of chronic incapacity among the labouring poor : pauper narratives and territorial hospitals in early modern rural Germany." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382397/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the experiences of the labouring poor who were suffering from chronic physical illnesses in the early modern period. Despite the popularity of institutional history among medical historians, the experiences of the sick poor themselves have hitherto been sorely neglected. Research into the motivation of the sick poor to petition for a place in a hospital to date has stemmed from a reliance upon administrative or statistical sources, such as patient lists. An over-reliance upon such documentation omits an awareness of the 'voice of the poor', and of their experiences of the realities of living with a chronic ailment. Research focusing upon the early modern period has been largely silent with regards to the specific ways in which a prospective patient viewed a hospital, and to the point in a sick person's life in which they would apply for admission into such an institution. This thesis hopes to rectif,r such a bias. Research for this thesis has centred on surviving pauper petitions, written by and on behalf of the rural labouring poor who sought admission into two territorial hospitals in Hesse, Germany. This study will examine the establishment of these hospitals at the onset of the Reformation, and will chart their history throughout the early modern period. Bureaucratic and administrative documentation will be contrasted to the pauper petitions to gain a wider and more nuanced view of the place of these hospitals within society. Chapters on family care, old age, and work will evaluate the poor's experience of illness prior to hospitalisation. The overarching theme of this thesis focuses upon the misconception of the poor as passive recipients of relief. Issues such as the way in which the poor coped with their physical infirmities prior to hospitalisation will play a large role in this study.
21
Witkin, Annsofie Victoria. "The health of the labouring poor, surgical and post-mortem procedures at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, 1757-1854 : a biohistorical approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556757.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Bristol Royal Infirmary burial ground was in use between 1757 and 1854 and the skeletal assemblage comprised 106 articulated skeletons and disarticulated remains from 544 individuals. The biohistorical approach tied together documentary evidence with that seen on the human skeletal remains. The first theme explored the demography, mortality, geographical location and origins, occupation, ethnicity and health through the human remains, the inpatient logbooks and the history of Bristol. The second theme combined the evidence of surgery and post-mortem methods present on the human remains with surgical and dissection manuals and the inpatient logbook records. The demographic profile from the osteological data reflected the inpatient logbook records. The catchment area of the Infirmary diminished over time and Bristol became increasingly depopulated in the centre with an increase primarily to the north-east. Individuals of African descent were discovered with a link between members of the Society of Merchant Venturers. Oral health was poor, but no worse than other social classes. Nutritional deficiencies were comparatively high as indicated by the prevalence of rickets, scurvy and the non- specific stress indicator enamel hypoplasia. The high prevalence of maxillary sinusitis may be an indication of the poor air quality as well as being associated with the high prevalence of respiratory disease. Fractures were more prevalent amongst males, consistent with comparative data. The high frequency of cribra orbitalia reflects the role of the Infirmary and the frequency of infectious disease. The amputations present found evidence of both methods used, the levels elected concurred with the written sources. One trephination was preset on a cranium with no associated pathology. Craniotomies were carried out according to the written contemporary evidence and a link between lesions and the procedure were established. The method for the thoracotomy did not reflect that described. This thesis achieved the aims of providing an integrated study through a holistic approach that provided new evidence on not only the inpatients at the BR! but also on various aspects related to the labouring poor in Bristol.
22
Uusiku, Laura Ingashipwa. "Perceptions and current practices of Namibian midwives regarding the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour monitoring tool for labouring women." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21318.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Labour is a vital period for the labouring mothers, as it should bring with it the fulfilment of an expectation of having the baby that has been awaited. The health of the foetus which is to be born and that of the labouring mother are inextricably linked with each other which is why the labouring mother needs to be assessed and monitored carefully. The cardio-tocograph, which is a globally accepted method of diagnosis and assessment of the foetal status during labour is preferred to be used in monitoring labouring mothers, especially high- risk patients. Despite the evidence and information regarding the effectiveness of the use of the cardio-tocograph, midwives are still found not to be using it correctly, the reasons given that the women not always co-operate; do not keep the electrode and belt in place or cite the discomfort they experience from contraction. The objectives of this study were to: explore and describe the perceptions and current practice of Namibian midwives regarding the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour- monitoring tool. Explore and describe how midwives working in labour wards in Namibia perceive informing laboring women of the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour- monitoring tool and based on the results, develop an instruction guide for midwives working in the labour ward in intermediate hospital in Namibia that would serve as a guide on how to teach labouring women about the use of the cardio-tocograph as a labour- monitoring tool and enhance positive labor and delivery outcomes The study was conducted between May and June 2016, using a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design, following the necessary university approval and approval from other relevant authorities. The research population was midwives who work in labour wards at a public hospital in Namibia. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from purposively sampled participants using set criteria. A voice recorder was used to capture the interview with the permission of the participants. Seventeen midwives were interviewed of whom two were used for the pilot study. Data saturation determined the sufficient sample size. The collected data was analyzed using Tesch’s spiral method of data analysis with the assistance of an independent coder From the research findings, it emerged that midwives had varying perceptions regarding the use of the CTG machine. Midwives still perceive CTG interpretation as a challenge as a labour -monitoring tool and expressed a need for updates. Furthermore, midwives expressed the fact that they had limited communication with labouring women regarding the use of CTG. Based on the research findings and guided by Health Belief Model principles, three main guidelines were developed for midwives working in the labour ward in a public hospital in Namibia. These guidelines will serve as a tool to assist midwives in their teaching of labouring women about the use of the cardio-tocograph as a labour- monitoring tool, and the role to be played by labouring women during that monitoring period. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research were developed. The researcher used literature control to ensure validation and integrity of the study. Trustworthiness, which was used to ensure rigour of the study, was guided by the principles of truth-value, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical considerations were guided by the Belmont report adopting the principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice and non-maleficence.
23
Muthige, Noluthando. "Role of midwives in facilitating the choice of delivery mode for labouring women in public sector birthing units in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and Sarah Baartman District." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19375.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that of all the live births per year no more than 10-15% of these should be delivered by caesarean section. Despite this recommendation there has been a global increase in the percentage of caesarean section deliveries over the past few decades. In South Africa the percentage is as high as 70% in certain health care institutions which is of concern to midwives. Caesarean section deliveries are needed when the life of the baby, mother or both are at stake. However, this method of delivery bears more disadvantages than advantages to the baby and mother. Despite these disadvantages, some women request a caesarean section in their birth plans while others are influenced by health professionals to request a caesarean section. Therefore, there is a need for labouring women to be guided where possible to have vaginal birth because of its many advantages. This study sought to explore and describe the perceptions of the midwives regarding their role in facilitating the choice of delivery mode for labouring women in public hospitals and midwifery obstetric units (MOUs) of the Nelson Mandela Bay and Sarah Baartman districts. Based on the results of the study, guidelines for midwives in this role were developed. Maputle’sWoman-Centred Childbirth Model (2010) was used as the theoretical lens through which this study was viewed. The researcher selected a quantitative survey design using an explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach. The population consisted of midwives who were working in labour wards at public hospitals and midwife-led MOUs. A non-probability convenience sample was used to collect data using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were ensured by using various means including a pre-test and an expert panel. Altogether, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 288 were returned. This number excluded the pilot study. Data was collected over a period of three months using the assistance of two fieldworkers. Data was captured and analysed under the supervision of the statistician and supervisors. Analysis was done by means of descriptive analyses that involved the production of frequencies and presented using charts, figures and tables. The major findings of the study are: -The midwives perceived themselves as the main facilitators of a suitable decision by the labouring woman for a safe delivery method - The midwives emphasised the importance of the delivery position preferred by the labouring woman -The midwives indicated that a collaboration between doctors, senior midwives, midwives and midwives in management positions could assist with a decision for a suitable delivery mode option. -The midwives agreed that the culture of the labouring woman should be considered when deciding on a delivery mode and therefore midwifery curriculum should include lessons about cultural diversity. Three principal guidelines were developed, namely: 1. Create an environment that promotes acceptance of a woman’s choice of a delivery mode. 2. Create an environment promoting a collaborative health care relationship 3. Create an environment that is sensitive to cultural needs in the maternity unit Ethical considerations in this study were upheld by maintaining the principles of beneficence, maleficence, autonomy and justice.
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Johnsson, Theresa. "Vårt fredliga samhälle : ”Lösdriveri” och försvarslöshet i Sverige under 1830-talet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280292.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Between 1664 and 1885 labour in Sweden was regulated by compulsory-service statutes. Able-bodied but idle persons could be compelled to submit to employment as a servant. Compulsory service was part of a larger system of laws and regulations that regulated mobility, settlement, begging, and poor relief, all of which aimed at restricting the labouring poor’s freedom and agency. Some parts of this system had medieval roots, such as vagrancy laws. From the perspective of the propertied classes, this system of interacting regulations served several purposes, such as fighting idleness, labour shortage, high wages, begging, demands for poor relief, unwanted settlement in the parishes, and geographical movement. The obligation to serve was abolished in 1885. Failure to comply with these service statutes was punishable by being treated as a ‘vagrant’, which could mean being jailed in a house of correction, or simply being ordered to find employment within a specific time. In short, it was illegal to be without work or other means of supporting oneself, such as property. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the social practices of the compulsory-service statutes and related issues such as mobility and settlement. The thesis has dealt with four areas of inquiry: the judicial framework, the policing of ‘vagrancy’, in what situations people were exempt from having to comply with the compulsory service statues, and the identity of the ‘vagrant’. The system for dealing with ‘vagrancy’ has left a large number of sources, and different sources give different images of the poor. This applies most clearly in the case of the Swedish Romani population, the Resande. The thesis deals with the county (län) of Västmanland during the 1830s. It highlights how the compulsory-service statutes and related vagrancy laws shaped the lives of people and points to how these institutions restricted poor people’s agency and formed their experiences.
25
Cluett, Elizabeth Ruth. "A randomised controlled trial to compare the effects of labouring in water with the standard management of augmentation on epidural analgesia and operative delivery in nullipararae with dystocia in the first stage of labour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50622/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dystocia refers to slow progress in the first stage of labour. The incidence in nulliparae is 20% and if untreated can lead to maternal and neonatal morbidity. Augmentation of labour to prevent and treat dystocia includes amniotomy and intravenous syntocinon. However, the optimal timing of such intervention is controversial, and leaves little scope for maternal choice, which underpins current maternity care. The literature on the physiology of labour indicates that it is a complex process, which is not fully understood. The onset and progress of labour is defined in terms of precise cervical dilations, however it is likely that there is a range of dilations consistent with 'normal' labour. The current definition of dystocia may be too restrictive and a management option, which delays obstetric intervention, might facilitate greater opportunity for normal progress. The hormonal pathways that regulate labour have some commonality with those of the stress response. This thesis presents a study designed to examine whether labouring in water, a management option that may alleviate some of the stress of labour, in particular that due to pain, might also facilitate labour progress, and affect the key labour outcomes of epidural analgesia and operative delivery. The limited literature on labouring in water suggests it is an appropriate care option for nulliparae who are at low risk of complications. Labouring in water has been associated with a reduction in pharmacological analgesia, however there were no studies involving women with dystocia. Prior to initiating a full randomised controlled trial to test the effect of labouring in water on labour outcomes for women with dystocia, a two part feasibility study was undertaken. A pilot randomised controlled trial indicated that it was feasible to conduct the planned study in the clinical area but with two trial arms (water and augmentation), instead of the proposed three arms, (water, conservative, and augmentation). A case audit formed the second part of the feasibility study. Data were used to estimate the incidence of dystocia, likely accrual rates, the potential magnitude of any change in epidural analgesia and operative delivery rates, and the required sample size for the main study. The main RCT was conducted during 1999 and 2000. A case audit over the same timeframe provided comparative data and monitored concurrent changes in practice. The epidural analgesia rate was 47% in women allocated to labour in water compared to 66% in women in the augmentation arm (OR 0.46, 95%CI 0.20 to 1.03. P=0.56). There was no difference in the operative delivery rates for women allocated to labour in water compared to those who were not. There was a significant reduction in obstetric interventions (OR 0.10 , 95% CI 0.22 to 0.49, P=0.000). The main limitation of the trial was a lower than expected recruitment rate, with 99 women being randomised compared to the intended 220. This was partially due to changes in practice during the second year of the trial. Despite the small sample, the implications for practice include the need for further consideration of more flexible definitions for labour onset and progress, and the use of labour in water for women as a supportive management option where a delay in obstetric intervention is advocated.
26
Allender, Paul. "What is Labourism? : a critical survey." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298096.
Testo completo
27
Mecham, Michael G. "William Walker : social activism and Belfast labourism." Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2018. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/2393/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the social and political activism of the Belfast labour movement though one of its leaders, William Walker (1870 - 1918). It reassesses his place in Irish historiography which often dismissed him despite his acknowledged prominence in early twentieth century Ireland. The thesis argues that Walker has been narrowly defined as a political activist and makes the case for broadening the understanding of him through his social activism. [...]. The thesis conclused by arguing that Walker deserves greater recogniition for his courage, sense of dury and commitment to improving working-class conditions.
28
Diamanti, Filio. "Communist and Labourist paths to 'new times'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19683.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is about the changing idea of socialism in post-war Britain with emphasis on the period leading up to, and following from the emergence of Thatcherism as a successful political force. Its focus is upon the interrelation between theory and policy statements in regard to the Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain. As necessarily bound up with the interrelation, the New Left's theoretical understanding of Marxist categories of analysis, are discussed in the light of political theory and practice. The main focus is on how Marxism is gradually transformed, especially in the analysis of 'New Times', from an ideology of rupture into one of adaptation in the 1980s, an era where belief in collectivism was rejected in favour of the discursive, individual subject which has only a plural identity. A discussion of the importance of Marxist categories of analysis is also attempted in connection with the Left's analysis of the changing political environment. Party programmes and other statements are used as a basis for examining the theoretical understanding of socialism; the writings of the most influential of the British and Continental theorists are also discussed. The theoretical debates of the 1950s to the 1970s are surveyed as the starting point for an understanding of the political and theoretical approaches adopted in the 1980s. Finally, an assessment of the use of Marxist categories of analysis such as exploitation is undertaken in order to show how the re-thinking of these categories in relation to the idea of socialism has influenced the left's theory and practice in the epoch of 'New Times'.
29
Humphries, David. "Labourism and the commodification of work and social life." Department of Sociology - Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis explores concepts of alienation and commodification in relation to public and private themes of identity, in contemporary Australia. It is argued that as labour conditions have intensified and the social safety net has eroded the emphasis on private themes of identity have increased. These themes emphasise sexuality and gender, and down-grade the issue of work and labour. The Australian Labor Party helped create the conditions for postmodernist identity politics weakening their commitment to working class improvement in favour of emphasising hypercapitalism and hyperliberal gender discourses. This approach favours the inclusion of marginal groups that have been traditionally outside of labourist concerns (women, homosexuals, Aborigines) at the expense of civilising capitalism, labour alienation and commodification as the central concern for workers. In short, the abandonment of Marxism, labourism and Social democracy: and their replacement by identity issues. The backlash to a post-welfare state social democracy designed to ameliorate conditions for marginal groups, become a key feature in the election of the Howard government in 1996, with Howards battlers consisting of former Labor voters disenfranchised by political correctness. This produced an attack on welfare cheats, high taxation, and trendy concerns such as Aboriginality � and reinforced Hansonism. In this context, the Australian and American relationship and the frontier tradition is stressed as a pivotal factor in determining the role of identity in the neo-liberal political economy, with the pressures created by neo-liberalism and globalisation. Australian mythology based on Anzac symbolism and personality creates a vacuous phenomenon for genuine themes of Australian national identity to survive the homogenous nature of hyper-capitalism. The drift towards the power of American capitalism and political cosmologies can then been seen as a natural evolution of Australian political mythology. It is here that the thesis argues that hyper capitalist themes can have an implicit relationship to concepts of hyper-liberalism found in gender discourses and moreover, ironically evocative of the individualism Weber argued existed in American Protestant religious sects. Subsequently the de-construction of masculinity that has been characteristic of feminist and gay theory, that reflects a social psychological perspective rather than one based in Marxs historical materialism that places man within social history. Social theory therefore unfairly constructs the heterosexual masculine personality in relation to working class elite occupations such as coalmining or as a reflection of a corporate dominance, to create polemic avenues for marginal groups. The focus upon heterosexuality within the thesis links its relationship to the characteristics demanded by industrial capitalism such as the Fordist mode of production, and in Marxist terms, the complete enslavement and alienation that existed between social man and the capitalist mode of production. This approach emphasises the experience of wage labour, culminating with the high levels of unemployment that has risen concomitantly with de-industrialisation, globalisation and neo-liberalism. The disciplining of the unemployed in the post-welfare state exists alongside hyper-liberal themes of sexual and social identity, indicating a general shift to a social fascism, or two- tiered form of democracy that resides alongside, and is often in competition with conservative advocates for the nuclear family and heterosexuality. The development of Howards battlers reflects a conservative appropriation of the original Australian legend that was based on labourism and mateship and now exists in a nationalist paradigm evocative of frontiersmen and Anzacs rather than one based on class. A framing issue for the thesis subsequently is what role does gender and sexuality have in the function of the industrial capitalist society?
30
Leach, Michael. "Discourses of identity in Australian socialism and labourism 1887-1901 /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16511.pdf.
Testo completo
31
Oliveira, Marylu Alves de. "Da terra ao cÃu: Culturas PolÃticas e disputas entre o trabalhismo oficial e o trabalhismo cristÃo no Piauà (1945-1964)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
FundaÃÃo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do PiauÃ<br>Este estudo tem como objetivo central analisar as tentativas de implantaÃÃo de projetos trabalhistas no PiauÃ, em meio Ãs especificidades da cultura polÃtica partidÃria e popularlocal, entre as dÃcadas de 1940 e 1960. Utilizaram-se para alcanÃar tal intento os jornais de circulaÃÃo local de forma geral ligados aos partidos polÃticos, tambÃm livros de memÃria, InquÃritos Policiais Militares (IPMs) instaurados durante o golpe civil-militar de 1964 e obras literÃrias. Esse emaranhado de fontes foi necessÃrio, uma vez que se precisava investigar densamente, seguindo a perspectiva da Antropologia HistÃrica, o Contexto Cultural no qual emergiram aqueles projetos trabalhistas e como se constituÃam aquelas culturas polÃticas. Ao se debruÃar sobre esse arcabouÃo, uma problemÃtica surgiu: como esses trabalhismos ganharam visibilidade em Ãmbito local? ApÃs um acidente, durante a campanha eleitoral de 1958, em que um dos candidatos ao governo do Estado faleceu, as sensibilidades populares
compensaram eleitoralmente o candidato substituto, o petebista Francisco das Chagas Caldas Rodrigues. Surgido das hostes do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), aquele polÃtico tentou implantar um projeto trabalhista oficial, atuando conforme plano nacional do partido,
fomentando o desenvolvimento social, o assistencialismo, e apoiando a Reforma AgrÃria. A outra proposta surgiu do seio de uma das instituiÃÃes mais respeitadas em solo piauiense, a Igreja CatÃlica, em razÃo da chegada ao Estado do arcebispo Dom Avelar BrandÃo Vilela. A esse projeto, por sua vez, denominamos de trabalhismo cristÃo. Tais propostas, que visavam produzir melhorias nas condiÃÃes de vida dos trabalhadores pobres, sofreram resistÃncias da cultura polÃtica partidÃria local, em especial no que se refere à Reforma AgrÃria. Apenas uma delas, o trabalhismo cristÃo, conseguiu estabelecer um pacto com os trabalhadores locais por um breve perÃodo, em virtude da forÃa da religiÃo enquanto importante componente cultural daquela sociedade, ou melhor, como elemento da cultura polÃtica popular. Portanto, Compreender o fracasso das tentativas de implantaÃÃo de um trabalhismo oficial e cristÃo acabou se tornando uma forma de compreender tambÃm como funcionavam as culturas polÃticas partidÃria e popular no estado do PiauÃ.
32
Kennedy, Peter. "The decline of capitalism and rise of Labourism in Britain : a theoretical exposition." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3732/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central aim of this thesis is to provide an exposition of the decay of the categories of political economy first made famous by classical political economy, but subjected to rigorous critique by Marx. An explanation of the following form the theoretical core of the thesis: the decay of the categories - abstract labour, value and capital (in its fixed, circulating and variable forms); how the decay of these categories led to the collective formation of the working class; and how, combined, they provide the key to understanding the full ramifications of the weakening of commodity fetishism and decline of capitalism. More specifically, the thesis is concerned with establishing an alternative Marxist theory of the decline of capitalist social relations of production in Britain. The thesis moves through three distinct phases to complete the task comprehensively. Firstly, a critique of the existing literature concerning decline is undertaken, with specific reference to Britain. Secondly, an alternative Marxist theory of decline is put forward. Thirdly, the full implications of the theory is then expounded by way of a case study of British capitalism. Of course capitalist social relations of production are universal, in the sense that they are global relations of exchange and exploitation, as well as being specific to individual nations. Therefore, inevitably, the exposition of the concept of capitalist decline will extend, on occasions, beyond my chosen case study - Britain. Nevertheless, the main concern is with British capitalism and its specific path to decline.
33
Vasconcellos, Laura Vianna. "Alberto Pasqualini e o trabalhismo no Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabalho é uma análise do pensamento político de Alberto Pasqualini e de seu papel na elaboração e feitura do trabalhismo no Brasil. Além de suas principais ideias, foram analisadas também o papel de Pasqualini no PTB, as relações políticas com Getúlio Vargas e com o getulismo. É um estudo sobre Alberto Pasqualini e sua inserção no trabalhismo, compreendido aqui como fenômeno complexo e de longa duração.<br>The basic intent of this work was to analyse the political concept of Alberto Pasqualini and his role in the foundation and development of laborism in Brazil, his fundamental concepts, his importance as member Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro PTB) and his political connections with getulism. This analysis includes also a research on Alberto Pasqualini and his insertion in labourism as a complex and long lasting phenomenon.
34
Cruz, João Batista Carvalho da. "Da formação ao desafio das urnas: o PTB e seus adversários nas eleições estaduais de 1947 no Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1879.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 28<br>Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos<br>A criação do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) marcou profundamente a política no Rio Grande do Sul no período 1945-64. Com uma tradição de bipolaridade, a política gaúcha daquele contexto se caracterizou pela oposição entre um campo mais progressista, representado pelo PTB, e outro conservador, liderado pelo Partido Social Democrático (PSD). Neste estudo buscamos analisar a atuação do PTB nas eleições estaduais de 1947, recorrendo para isso a elementos da teoria do campo político desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu. Procuramos compreender a trajetória inicial e o tipo de capital político que o partido então acumulou. As fontes utilizadas são os periódicos da época, artigos, entrevistas e depoimentos de lideranças partidárias, bem como um conjunto de cartas trocadas entre as mesmas. Uma possível contribuição do presente trabalho será evidenciar a importância que aquela disputa eleitoral assumiu no processo de formação do PTB gaúcho, especialmente por se tratar de um momento privilegiado para a criação de símb<br>The foundation of the Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) – “Brazilian Labor Party” – deeply marked the politics in Rio Grande do Sul from 1945 to 1964. With bipolarity tradition the gaucha politics of those decades was defined by the conflict between a more progressive posture, represented by the PTB, and a more conservative one, leaded by the Partido Social Democrático (PSD) – “Social Democratic Party”. The present study intends to analyze the role PTB played at the gubernatorial elections of 1947, based on aspects from Pierre Bourdieu’s political field theory. This study also seeks understanding the initial trajectory and the political capital the party accumulated at that time. The sources were periodic newspapers, articles, interviews and declarations of leading parties and a set of letters traded between them as well. A possible contribution of this study might be proving the importance of that particular political dispute had in the foundation process of the “gaucho” PTB mainly for being such a propi
35
Ludlam, Stephen Gregory Price. "Labourism and the disintegration of the postwar consensus : disunited trade union economic policy responses to public expenditure cuts, 1974-1979." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421051.
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Lund, Arwid. "Frihetens rike : Wikipedianer om sin praktik, sitt produktionssätt och kapitalismen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251575.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is about voluntary productive activities in digital networks and on digital platforms that often are described as pleasurable. The aim of the study is to relate the peer producers’ perceptions of their activities on a micro level in terms of play, game, work and labour, to their views on Wikipedia’s relation to capitalism on a macro level, to compare the identified ideological formations on both levels and how they relate to each other, and finally compare the identified ideological formations with contemporary Marxist theory on cognitive capitalism. The intention is to perform a critical evaluation of the economic role of peer production in society.Qualitative and semi-structured interviews with eight Wikipedians active within the Swedish language version of Wikipedia constitute the empirical base of the study together with one public lecture by a Wikipedian on the encyclopaedia and a selection of pages in the encyclopaedia that are text analysed. The transcribed interviews have been analysed using a version of ideological analysis as it has been developed by the Gothenburg School. The views on the peer producing activities on the micro level has been analysed in a dialectical way but is also grounded in a specific field model.Six ideological formations are identified in the empirical material. On the micro level: the peripheral, bottom-up- and top-down-formation, on the macro level: the Californian alikeness ideology, communism of capital and capitalism of communism. Communism of capital has two sides to it: one stresses the synergies and the other the conflicts between the two phenomena. The formations on the macro level conform broadly to contemporary Marxist theory, but there are important differences as well. The study results in a hypothesis that the critical side of communism of capital and the peripheral and bottom-up-formation could help to further a more sustainable capitalism of communism, and counteract a deeper integration of the top-down-formation with Californian alikeness ideology. The latter is the main risk of capitalist co-optation of the peer production that is underway as the manifestly dominant formations on the macro level are Californian alikeness ideology and communism of capital.<br><p>©<strong> </strong>2015 Arwid Lund, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</p><p></p>
37
MOREIRA, João Paulo Aprígio. "Um trabalhista na Nova República: pensamento político e atividade parlamentar do senador Darcy Ribeiro (1991-1997)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-17<br>This dissertation examines the actualization of some themes of labourist political culture during the process of the consolidation of democracy in Brazil. Considering the relation between memory and history, i studied Darcy Ribeiro‟s political career and the role it played in the change of ownership and principles of labourism, allowing a new political synthesis, active in the 1990s. Accordingly, in the assessment of his politic experiences, since the 60's, i found that such experiences have become shareholders of this renewed political culture. His parliamentary activity, during the 90s, brought into the political debate the issues dear to the design of basic reforms of the 1960s, namely: national development, a republican project, and proposals on education and land reform. Thus, the political experiences of the years 1960 and 1990 were compared, in the light of the concept of political culture, aiming to demonstrate how to change ownership in conformity to a political project for Brazil.<br>Esta dissertação analisa a atualização de alguns temas da cultura política trabalhista, durante o processo de consolidação da democracia no Brasil. A partir das relações entre memória e história, investigou-se a trajetória política de Darcy Ribeiro e o papel que esta desempenhou na apropriação e mudança de princípios do trabalhismo, possibilitando uma nova síntese política, atuante na década de 1990. Nesse sentido, a avaliação das experiências políticas de Darcy Ribeiro, desde os anos 60, revelou que tais experiências tornaram-se patrimônio desta cultura política renovada. Sua atividade parlamentar, durante os anos 90, trouxe ao debate político os temas caros ao projeto de reformas de base dos anos de 1960, quais sejam: o nacional-desenvolvimentismo, um projeto republicano, as propostas na área da educação e a reforma agrária. Desse modo, as experiências políticas dos anos de 1960 e 1990 foram comparadas, sob a luz do conceito de cultura política, objetivando demonstrar a apropriação e a mudança como conformadoras de um projeto político para o Brasil.
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Oliveira, Marylu Alves de. "Da terra ao céu: culturas políticas e disputas entre o trabalhismo oficial e o trabalhismo cristão no Piauí (1945-1964)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21862.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
OLIVEIRA, Marylu Alves de. Da terra ao céu: culturas políticas e disputas entre o trabalhismo oficial e o trabalhismo cristão no Piauí (1945-1964). 2016. 534f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.<br>Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-27T14:24:22Z
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Previous issue date: 2016<br>Este estudo tem como objetivo central analisar as tentativas de implantação de projetos trabalhistas no Piauí, em meio às especificidades da cultura política partidária e popularlocal, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960. Utilizaram-se para alcançar tal intento os jornais de circulação local de forma geral ligados aos partidos políticos, também livros de memória, Inquéritos Policiais Militares (IPMs) instaurados durante o golpe civil-militar de 1964 e obras literárias. Esse emaranhado de fontes foi necessário, uma vez que se precisava investigar densamente, seguindo a perspectiva da Antropologia Histórica, o Contexto Cultural no qual emergiram aqueles projetos trabalhistas e como se constituíam aquelas culturas políticas. Ao se debruçar sobre esse arcabouço, uma problemática surgiu: como esses trabalhismos ganharam visibilidade em âmbito local? Após um acidente, durante a campanha eleitoral de 1958, em que um dos candidatos ao governo do Estado faleceu, as sensibilidades populares compensaram eleitoralmente o candidato substituto, o petebista Francisco das Chagas Caldas Rodrigues. Surgido das hostes do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), aquele político tentou implantar um projeto trabalhista oficial, atuando conforme plano nacional do partido, fomentando o desenvolvimento social, o assistencialismo, e apoiando a Reforma Agrária. A outra proposta surgiu do seio de uma das instituições mais respeitadas em solo piauiense, a Igreja Católica, em razão da chegada ao Estado do arcebispo Dom Avelar Brandão Vilela. A esse projeto, por sua vez, denominamos de trabalhismo cristão. Tais propostas, que visavam produzir melhorias nas condições de vida dos trabalhadores pobres, sofreram resistências da cultura política partidária local, em especial no que se refere à Reforma Agrária. Apenas uma delas, o trabalhismo cristão, conseguiu estabelecer um pacto com os trabalhadores locais por um breve período, em virtude da força da religião enquanto importante componente cultural daquela sociedade, ou melhor, como elemento da cultura política popular. Portanto, Compreender o fracasso das tentativas de implantação de um trabalhismo oficial e cristão acabou se tornando uma forma de compreender também como funcionavam as culturas políticas partidária e popular no estado do Piauí.
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Schiavi, Mauro. "Nova leitura dos princípios do direito processual do trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5779.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Mauro Schiavi.pdf: 776407 bytes, checksum: 62ff6b0d0c0d339f5ab74fe5ca4293fd (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-03-02<br>The present thesis approaches the principles of the labourite prosecution, initiating,
firstly, from the analysis of the law proceedings constitutional principles, and its impacts on
the origin of the labourite prosecution, as well as its primordial institutes.
The text starts with the analysis of the concept of principles, from the general theory of
law, such as the modern trends of the doctrine. Later, the law proceedings constitutional
principles and its impacts on several aspects of the labourite prosecution are studied.
Thereafter, the questions about the autonomy of the labourite prosecution will be
studied, just as the problematic of its principles, supporting the scientific autonomy of the
labourite procedural law.
Finally, the specific principles of the labourite prosecution are studied, supporting a
new reading from the law proceedings constitutional principles and from the modern methods
of constitutional interpretation, emphasizing the need of accomplishment, justice on the
proceeding and its reasonable duration.
The thesis supports the autonomy of the labourite procedural law, but with a very
intense approximation of the law proceedings constitutional principles and of the civil
procedural law<br>A presente tese aborda os princípios do processo do trabalho, partindo, primeiramente,
da análise dos princípios constitucionais do processo, e seus impactos na principiologia do
processo do trabalho e também de seus institutos fundamentais.
O texto parte da análise do conceito de princípios, a partir da teoria geral do direito e
também das modernas tendências da doutrina. Posteriormente, são estudados os princípios
constitucionais do processo e seus impactos em diversos aspectos do processo do trabalho.
Após, são estudadas as questões da autonomia do processo do trabalho, bem como a
problemática de seus princípios, defendendo-se a autonomia científica do direito processual
do trabalho.
Por fim, são estudados os princípios específicos do processo do trabalho, defendendose
uma nova leitura a partir dos princípios constitucionais do processo e dos modernos
métodos de interpretação constitucional, destacando-se a necessidade de efetividade, justiça
do procedimento e duração razoável do processo.
A tese defende a autonomia do direito processual do trabalho, mas com aproximação
muito intensa com os princípios constitucionais do processo e com o direito processual civil
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Oliveira, Sergio Luiz Santos de. "Caminhando com os próprios pés: a formação política e teórica da ORM-POLOP (1956-1967)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-16012018-124833/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O objetivo da presente tese de doutorado é analisar a formação política e teórica da Organização Revolucionária Marxista Política Operária (ORM-POLOP), a partir das três organizações que lhe serviram de base. Os três grupos a formar a sigla em estudo foram: A Liga Socialista Independente, articulada em São Paulo, sob a liderança de Hermínio Sacchetta, militante veterano oriundo do campo trotskista. Outra agremiação a servir de base a ORM-POLOP foi a Juventude Socialista da PSB, organizada no Rio de Janeiro, mas com ramificações em outros estados. Por fim, a terceira força a formar o grupo em estudo foi Mocidade Trabalhista do PTB, nosso foco se dará sobre a seção mineira desta agremiação, visto ter saído de Belo Horizonte o núcleo que aderiu a ORM-POLOP. Temos por meta apresentar e discutir cada uma das três linhas de força supracitadas, entender seus pressupostos teóricos, até que ponto foi possível se conciliar as distintas posições políticas, e como tais diferenciações contribuíram para a cisão da sigla. Nosso recorte histórico abrangerá o período que vai de 1956, ano em que se iniciam as atividades da LSI, até 1967, ano em que a ORM-POLOP se cinde em diversos grupos.<br>My objective in this doctoral thesis is to analyze the political and theoretical formation of the Organização Revolucionária Marxista Política Operária(The Revolutionary Marxist Organization Workers Politics, ORM-POLOP) based on the three organizations which composed the base of the group. The three groups that formed the orghanization were: the Liga Socialista Independente (Independent Socialist League, LSI) based in São Paulo under the leadership of Hermínio Sacchetta, a veteran Trotskyist activist. Another group in the base of ORM-POLOP was the Juventude Socialista da PSB (Socialist Youth of the Brazilian Socialist Party, PSB), organized in Rio de Janeiro, but with influence in other states. The third force that formed the groups base was the Mocidade Trabalhista do PTB (Labour Youth of the Brazilian Labour Party, PTB). My focus on this last group will be on its section in the state of Minas Gerais since the group that adhered to ORM-POLOP came from Belo Horizonte, the capital city of the state. My aim is to present and discuss each of these three groups, understand their theoretical presuppositions, the possibilities for the conciliation of these distinct political positions and, finally, how such differences contributed to the split in the organization. The study covers the period from 1957 when the LSI initiated its activities until 1967 the year in which ORM-POLOP split into diverse groups.
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Jobim, André Vinícius Mossate. "Os ferroviários e o trabalhismo : as greves dos anos cinquenta em Santa Maria." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esta dissertação aborda a história de três greves ferroviárias ocorridas nos anos de 1951,1952 e 1954, na cidade de Santa Maria, e as suas relações com os governos trabalhistas. Seu objetivo precípuo é investigar as formas pelas quais se estabeleceram ligações entre os ferroviários e os políticos vinculados ao trabalhismo ao longo das manifestações grevistas que ocorreram dentro do período em que o estado foi governado por representantes do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB). Para explicar as greves e o papel nelas exercido pelo trabalhismo, são discutidas questões como as tradições de solidariedade e negociação dos ferroviários gaúchos; a gênese, as características e o desenvolvimento dos movimentos reivindicatórios; os atos de violência perpetrados pelos governos durante as paredes e, finalmente, o modo como essa história foi pensada e reelaborada no presente por dois ferroviários aposentados que vivenciaram, de algum modo, os processos abordados na presente dissertação.<br>This essay adresses the history of three railway strikes in 1951, 1952 and 1954, in Santa Maria, and its relationship with the political doctrine known as Labourism. Its main goal is to investigate the ways the affiliations that have been established between the railroad workers and the politicians related to the labourism along the strike manifestations that happened during the time the state was governed by Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) To explain both the strikes and the manifestation of these influences, some questions are discussed, such as the solidarity and negotiation traditions of the gaucho railroad workers, its genesis, the characteristics and the development of the reclaim movements; the violence acts of the governments, responsible for the demands resolution and the way this history was thought and translated by the narrative of two retired railroad workers that lived, in some way, the aspects addressed in this dissertation.
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Rolim, César Daniel de Assis. "Leonel Brizola e os setores subalternos das Forças Armadas Brasileiras : 1961-1964." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26909.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabalho analisa as relações de Leonel Brizola com o movimento político dos setores subalternos nacionalistas das Forças Armadas Brasileiras durante o período em que esteve no governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (1959-1962) até o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Procura-se identificar as estratégias utilizadas por Brizola visando obter o apoio dos setores subalternos castrenses, em especial do círculo dos sargentos, para suas ações políticas. Essas estratégias, com o objetivo de conquistar apoio para o projeto político reformista-nacionalista desse político sul-rio-grandense e articular uma resistência a um possível golpe de Estado, acirraram uma divisão latente dentro das Forças Armadas Brasileiras entre os grupos nacionalistas e os anti-nacionalistas ou entreguistas. A análise da estruturação do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, que apoiou a luta política dos subalternos militares, e a discussão acerca de conceitos importantes, tais como, populismo e nacionalismo, são realizadas pelo trabalho, no sentido de apontar as influências exercidas por essa organização partidária no ideário brizolista e na luta dos subalternos militares. Para além da indicação das estratégias brizolistas utilizadas no sentido de aproximar-se dos militares nacionalistas, pretende-se indicar as disputas internas ocorridas nas Forças Armadas Brasileiras nas décadas de 1950 e 1960 e suas articulações com a sociedade civil.<br>This research aims to analyse the relationships of Leonel Brizola with the subordinate nationalist sectors of the Brazilian Armed Forces, particularly the circle of sergeants, during the period in which government was in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (1959-1962), until the coup civil-military from 1964. Seeking to identify the strategies used by Brizola to get the support of the subordinate castrenses sectors, especially the circle of sergeants, for its political actions. These strategies, aimed at obtaining political support for the project reformist-nationalist politician that south riograndense, caused a division within the Armed Forces Brasileiras. The analysis of the structure of the Brazilian Labour Party and discussion about important concepts such as nationalism and populism, are carried out by work, in order to sharpen the ideological influence exercised by that party organization in brizolista ideology. In addition to the indication of the strategies used to brizolistas closer to the subordinate military nationalists, it is intended to indicate the internal disputes which occurred in the Brazilian Armed Forces in the decades of 1950 and 1960 and its joints with civilians and with the policy.
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Mulrooney, Margaret Anne. "Femininity and the Factory: Women’s Labouring Bodies in the Moir’s Candy Plant, 1949-1970." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In post-war Canada, married women’s labour force participation rose dramatically. Labour historians have studied this trend with a primary focus on married women’s disadvantaged position in the labour market. This thesis examines female factory workers as manual labourers and asks how their bodies affected and were affected by their jobs, and how specifically female embodiment shaped their experience of work. Using the framework of job-related, cultural, and reproductive body work developed by sociologist Chris Shilling, this case study examines the experiences of eleven women who worked at the Moir’s candy plant in Halifax between 1949 and 1970. Semi-structured interviews are the main source of research data for this study. This case study explores working conditions at Moir’s, such as work on conveyor belts, the gendered division of labour, piece-work, and breaks, and determines the ways the women responded to and also shaped these conditions. The women’s testimonies reveal that their embodied experience as labourers was based both in workplace conditions (such as company regulations) and in family responsibilities. There are three main findings. First, I argue that in the context of the Moir’s factory, women’s acts of sabotage (in the form of breaking the conveyor belts), use of make-work, and development of other coping strategies were intended to create needed leisure time in the workplace. Second, I challenge the common assumption in labour sociology that factory work does not require that employees carry out true emotional labour. I argue that feelings of pride and shame had a strong influence over the women’s workplace dress and behaviour; managing these feelings were an important part of the women’s occupation. Finally, I argue that in the post-war era, women’s reproductive body work was directly connected to their paid labour because of the lack of public childcare and other reproductive labour resources available to wives and working mothers.
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Lightfoot, Dana Wessell. "Negotiating agency: Labouring-status wives and their dowries in early fifteenth-century Valencia." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=742173&T=F.
Testo completo
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Sheik, Nafisa Essop. "Labouring under the law : gender and the legal administration of Indian immigrants under indenture in colonial Natal, 1860-1907." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2892.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is a gendered historical analysis of the legal administration of Indian Immigrants in British Colonial Natal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By focusing primarily on the attempts of the Natal Government to intervene in the personal law of especially indentured and ex-indentured Indians, this thesis presents an analysis of the role that gender played in the conceptualization and promulgation of the indentured labour scheme in Natal, and in the subsequent regulation of the lives of Indian immigrants in the Colony. It traces the developments in the administration of Indian women, especially, from the beginning of the indenture system in colonial Natal until the passage of the Indian Marriages Bill of 1907 and attempts to contextualize arguments around these themes within broader colonial discourses and debates, as well as to examine the particularity of such administrative attempts in the Natal context. This study observes the changing nature of 'custom' amongst Indian immigrants and the often simultaneous and contradictory attempts of the Natal colonial administration to at first support, and later, to intervene in what constituted the realm of the customary. Through an analysis of legal administration at different levels of government, this analysis considers the interactions of gender and utilitarian legal discourse under colonialism and, in particular, the complex role of Indian personal law and the ordinary civil laws of the Colony of Natal in both restricting and facilitating the mobility of Indian women brought to Natal under the auspices of the indentured labour system.<br>Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.
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Rattray, Janene. "A grounded theory study of midwives' decision-making use of continuous electronic foetal monitoring on low risk labouring women /." 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp141.17052007/index.html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Midwifery) -- Australian Catholic University, 2006.<br>Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Midwifery. Bibliography: p. 206-214. Also available in an electronic format via the internet.
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Sambureni, Nelson Tozivaripi. "The apartheid city and its labouring class : African workers and the independent trade union movement in Durban 1959-1985." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the emergence and development of the
African working class in Durban between 1959 and 1985. It
begins with an analysis of Durban's economy, which
significantly changed .the lives of Africans. It shows how,
during an era of economic boom, of intensive state repres•ion
and unparalleled social engineering, the state intervened in
the shaping of the African community and created the
oppressive setting of the African working class, which was to
pose the greatest challenge to the established order.
The forced removals of the underclasses to the newly
established apartheid townships during the late 1950s and
early 1960s had a profound influence on the social and
political history of this working class. Once African trade
unions had been crippled and formal oppositional politics
crushed, South African industrial relations enjoyed relative
"peace" which was disturbed by the covert forms of worker
resistance.
In the 1970s the economic position of Durban's African
working class was rather tenuous, as earnings had remained
static since the 1960s despite the booming economy. Because of
this, urban workers felt social and economic pressures from
both apartheid and capitalism and responded in a way that
shocked both employers and the government.
In January 1973 Durban was rocked by strikes, which broke
the silence of the 1960s when the South African Congress of
Trade Unions declined and the African National Congress and
Pan-African Congress were banned. The outbreak of the 1973
Durban strikes marked a new beginning in the labour history
and industrial relations of Durban and South Africa in
general.
A new blend of African independent trade unions emerged
with their distinctive style of organisation. They focused on
factory-based issues which reaped benefits for the workers in
the long-run and managed to sustain pressure from both the
state and employers. During this period, however, the African
working class paid a high price, enduring miserable
conditions, earning wages below the poverty line, experiencing
a breakdown in family structure, and living with crime and
violence, police repression and the criminalisation of much
social and economic life. By 1985, these unions had
established themselves so firmly that the state regarded them
as a serious challenge. Indeed, the making of Durban's African
working class was no easy task and its history shows
suffering, change, mobility and accomplishment.<br>History<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (History)
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Ulrich, Nicole. "Counter power and colonial rule in the eighteenth-century Cape of Good Hope: belongings and protest of the labouring poor." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ph.D. Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011<br>Framed by an anarchist-syndicalist reading of Peter Linebaugh and Marcus
Rediker’s The Many Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History
of the Revolutionary Atlantic (2000), this study examines the dynamic nature of colonial
and class rule in the eighteenth-century Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa, and the
forms of belonging and traditions of political protest developed by the labouring poor.
This study draws on archival material from national and international repositories,
focusing on government records, criminal court trials, and travellers’ accounts. Colonial
rule, the under-class, and resistance in the Cape are located in a global context, with
special attention being paid to changes associated with the ‘Age of Revolution and War’
and rise of the modern world. Breaking with the tendency to treat different sections of the
motley (many-hued) labouring poor in the Cape as discreet, often racially defined, and
nationally bounded population groups, segmented also by legal status, this study provides
a comprehensive study of labour in the Cape that includes an examination of slaves,
servants, sailI contest the established approaches to under-class resistance. In place of a
socially fragmented labouring poor, solely engaged in ‘informal’, individualized, and
uncoordinated resistance, this study reveals the spatially stretched and inclusive
connections created by the labouring poor across gender, nation, race and status, which
underpinned modes of protest that were confrontational, and often collective, in nature,
including desertion, insurrection, mutiny, strikes, and arson. In spite of the harsh regime
of class and colonial control developed under VOC rule, the labouring poor forged
notable class solidarities.
The Cape Colony was influenced by two interrelated political processes unleashed
by the Age of Revolution and War, including the global spread of radical political ideas,
and the modernisation and strengthening of the European imperial states. The labouring
poor in the Cape was also infected by and contributed to a radical consciousness of
freedom and rights, leading to the 1797 naval mutinies, the (1799-1803) Servant
Rebellion, and the 1808 Revolt. New political strategies and identities emerged, and
under-class struggles contributed both to the decline of the VOC, and to the adoption of
reforms and a new ethos of governance that altered relations between masters, the
labouring poor, and the state.
This study is critical of ‘new cultural history’, which entrenches an economistic
understanding of class, and detaches the study of identities from larger social structures
and processes. To deepen our understanding of class, this study draws on left critiques of
Marxism, especially anarchist ideas, which highlight the links between class and statemaking,
citizenship, and the law. This helps contest the often false distinctions drawn
between the ‘economic’ and ‘cultural’ elements of class and inequalityors, and soldiers recruited, or imported from, Asia, Europe, and other parts
of Africa. I contest the established approaches to under-class resistance. In place of a
socially fragmented labouring poor, solely engaged in ‘informal’, individualized, and
uncoordinated resistance, this study reveals the spatially stretched and inclusive
connections created by the labouring poor across gender, nation, race and status, which
underpinned modes of protest that were confrontational, and often collective, in nature,
including desertion, insurrection, mutiny, strikes, and arson. In spite of the harsh regime
of class and colonial control developed under VOC rule, the labouring poor forged
notable class solidarities.
The Cape Colony was influenced by two interrelated political processes unleashed
by the Age of Revolution and War, including the global spread of radical political ideas,
and the modernisation and strengthening of the European imperial states. The labouring
poor in the Cape was also infected by and contributed to a radical consciousness of
freedom and rights, leading to the 1797 naval mutinies, the (1799-1803) Servant
Rebellion, and the 1808 Revolt. New political strategies and identities emerged, and
under-class struggles contributed both to the decline of the VOC, and to the adoption of
reforms and a new ethos of governance that altered relations between masters, the
labouring poor, and the state.
This study is critical of ‘new cultural history’, which entrenches an economistic
understanding of class, and detaches the study of identities from larger social structures
and processes. To deepen our understanding of class, this study draws on left critiques of
Marxism, especially anarchist ideas, which highlight the links between class and statemaking,
citizenship, and the law. This helps contest the often false distinctions drawn
between the ‘economic’ and ‘cultural’ elements of class and inequality.
49
"Building the ‘Bridge of Hope’: The Discourse and Practice of Assisted Emigration of the Labouring Poor from East London to Canada, 1857-1913." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-07-1600.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Between 1857 and 1913 approximately 120,000 of the labouring poor from the East End of London were assisted to emigrate to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and sometimes South Africa in order to transplant surplus urban labour to emerging colonial markets and to provide the poor with a means of personal and financial improvement. These charities described the work they did as building “The Bridge of Hope for East London.” By the end of the nineteenth century, Eastenders had long been plagued by poverty, dependency on the Poor Law, and periods of unemployment. Typecast as morally, socially, economically, and racially degenerate in an emerging slum discourse, Eastenders were rarely considered ideal colonial emigrants. For Canada, these emigrants made poor prospects for the westward-expanding nation intent on recruiting agricultural immigrants. At times over the course of these six decades, the Canadian government grew so concerned about their migrations that it took legal measures to bar their entry. By 1910, Canada effectively banned charitably assisted emigration from East London in an attempt to control its borders and dictate the kinds of immigrants it desired even when they were English. Despite these shortcomings and obstacles, assisted emigrants from East London made new lives for themselves and their families in Canada most often in cities. We know something about their experiences from letters some of them wrote to the emigration charities that sponsored them. As a migrant group, they present a unique type of English settler in Canada. Forever failing, despite their many successes and their integration, to meet the ideal imperial British standard, Eastenders were considered undesirable on both sides of the Atlantic – a blight on British prosperity at home and unsuitable representatives abroad. Eastenders occupied an uneasy “third space” struggling to fit in somewhere between home and empire. This dissertation, employing analytical models and methodologies inspired by the ‘New Imperial History,’ the ‘British World’ model, post-colonial theory, and transnationalism seeks to understand why and under what circumstances Canada restricted charitable emigration from East London by 1910. It examines how British charities, politicians, commentators, and, above all, emigrants developed and experienced an imperial discourse and practice of assisted emigration over the course of six decades under ever-changing economic circumstances at home. Overall, it argues that British emigration charities, under the mounting pressures of poverty at home and spurred on by liberal and imperial reformist attitudes, rarely heeded Canadian warnings about the sending out of poor urban emigrants from East London even though they were English. Instead, these emigrationists developed a system of assisted emigration that largely suited their own objectives of poverty management. East End emigrants experienced this system with varying degrees of success, failure, benefit, and harm. The dissertation explores their experiences in two case studies in addition to three chapters on the evolution of assisted emigration discourses and practices in the East End. In placing assisted emigration of the urban poor from East London at the centre of a discussion of late nineteenth and early twentieth century intra-imperial responses to poverty, the dissertation reveals a complex interplay between social welfare, liberalism, and migration in two disparate but connected parts of the ‘British World,’ home and abroad. In doing so it fosters a deeper understanding of the evolution of colonial immigration policy and complicates the limits of race and class for studies of English emigration.
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Dewalt, Bryan. "Arthur W. Puttee : labourism and working-class politics in Winnipeg, 1894-1918." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29832.
Testo completo