Tesi sul tema "Label of origin"

Country of origin (COO) effect is a well-researched topic in the international marketing literature. It is well recognized that consumers are biased against imports, due to consumer ethnocentrism or patriotism tendency. However, the research on COO effects also suggests that consumers form certain image of origin countries (COO image) and favorable image, be it associated with the countries, their people, or general product quality, improves the evaluation and acceptance of foreign imports. The publications related to COO effects which focus on consumer durables are abundant. However, the contrasting COO effects on food products are much less investigated. This study surveys British consumers’ preference for domestic versus imported beef. Like previous studies, a strong preference for domestic beef was found. Furthermore, individual characteristics which potentially influence such preference were examined. Using scores on consumer patriotism and COO image perception as interacting individual characteristics in the choice models, it was found that stronger preference against imports was linked to higher level of the respondents perceived patriotic sentiment toward their home country, while better COO image improved the likelihood of the foreign country’s beef being selected. Marketing and policy implications are discussed.

Les étudiants ne peuvent « essayer » les diplômes ou les établissements pour choisir le meilleur d’entre eux. Le choix ne peut reposer sur la multiplication des expériences, sur leur répétition et leur comparaison. Les agences d’accréditation seraient là pour "aider" les consommateurs en les dotant d’équipements distinctifs, les labels, qui auraient pour fonction de lever l’incertitude sur la qualité des services échangés. Notre recherche questionne la "fonction de certification" des agences d’accréditation en les considérant non pas comme de simples courroies de transmission, mais comme des organisations dynamiques qui définissent et modifient en partie ce qu’est la "bonne mesure" de la qualité des diplômes et des établissements. Comment les agences d’accréditation AACSB, AMBA et EQUIS ont-elles pu devenir robustes aussi rapidement dans l’espace circonscrit des business schools ? Par "robuste", nous désignons la qualité du processus par lequel ces trois organisations ont réussi en huit ans (1997-2005) à stabiliser un quasi-monopole de l’accréditation. Pour ce faire, nous distinguons la question de la genèse des agences, des questions de leur persistance et de leur efficacité. Nous explorons la naissance des trois agences, puis nous étudions la mise en œuvre des trois processus d’accréditation associés à l’intérieur de six Business Schools, trois françaises, trois anglaises. Cela nous amènera à questionner la notion de confiance. Nous considérons enfin les "labels" comme des catégories de pensées collectives, ce qui implique de questionner la notion de croyance pour résoudre le problème de la genèse et de l’efficacité des agences d’accréditation
Students cannot “try” or “experiment” degree curricula in order to choose the best of them. Henceforth their choice cannot rest on experience, repetition and comparison. The accreditation agencies aim at helping them equipping them with distinctive “labels”, thus helping them make their choice. The “labels” would then help reduce the uncertainty on the quality of the services that are exchanged within the market. The subject of the PhD deals with the creation and the increasing role played by the three main accreditation agencies within Europe : AACSB (the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), EQUIS (the European Quality Improvement System) and AMBA (the Association for MBAs). The main problem may be formulated as follows : how could these agencies gain legitimacy so swiftly ? The research distinguishes two main questions : -The one that deals with the genesis of the accreditation agencies, - And the one that deals with their persistence and their efficiency. First we highlight and compare the so-called diversity of the expansion of the three agencies. Then we focus on the the impact of the three accreditation processes within three French “Grandes Écoles” and three English Business Schools. This will lead us to explore the notion of trust (within the accreditation agencies, the accreditation process and the accreditation themselves). Finally, the “labels” will be considered as a collective form of classification that will enable us to deal with the problems of genesis and efficiency

As consumers walk through the grocery store they encounter a vast range of products. In this setting information printed on food packages play a role in consumer decision making. One way of influencing consumer behaviour is by using package panels where detailed communication claims can be placed. This study investigates the effect of package communication claims on propensity to switch brand through quantitative research design. Variations among consumer of private label brands versus consumers of name brands are also investigated. Results show that package communication claims have an effect on consumer propensity to switch brand, however there are differences depending on type of claims. Environmental packaging claims have a negative effect on propensity to switch while nutritional claims do not have a significant effect. Production process claims and product origin claims both have a positive effect on consumer propensity to switch and is thus more favourable for brands to use. Furthermore, package communication claims have a larger positive effect on propensity to switch among consumers of private label brands than among consumers of name brands. Since there is a lack of research in the area of package communication this thesis contribute by proving that packages have an effect on consumer behaviour and argues for further research in this area.

Geographical indications (GIs) are one form of protective labelling used to indicate the origin of food and alcohol products. The role of protected geographical indicators as a promising sustainable rural development tool is the basis for this research. The protection of geographical indications is a rather controversial subject and much research is still required for both sides of the debate. The research method employed for this study is qualitative critical social science. Two Case studies are used to investigate the benefits brought to rural areas through the protection of GIs. The case studies include the GIs Jersey Royal and Welsh Lamb both from the United Kingdom a member of the European Union (the EU is in favour of extended protection of GIs for all agro-food products under the 1994 WTO/TRIPS agreement on geographical indications). Twenty-five indepth interviews were conducted for this study the duration of the interviews was approximately one hour. The study identifies predominantly indirect links between GIs and sustainable rural development, through economic and social benefits bought to rural areas by the GIs investigated - less of a connection was found to ecological elements. No considerable cost for GI protection was discovered. This finding suggests that GIs are worthwhile for implementation in New Zealand as a rural development tool.

L’étude de la genèse parlementaire de la législation vinicole française sous la Troisième République est une approche fondamentale afin de comprendre les tenants et les aboutissants de l’ensemble du droit positif vinicole. C’est, en effet, entre les années 1880 et 1930 que l’ensemble du droit que nous connaissons aujourd’hui se met en place. L’analyse de la démarche entreprise par le législateur met alors en avant la volonté de mettre en place une politique d’envergure permettant de protéger une production souffrant, de manière récurrente durant cette période, d’une crise de mévente liée à un marché structurellement déséquilibré. La fraude, tant sur la composition du vin, que sur son origine, macule les relations commerciales entretenues, durant les dernières années du XIXe siècle et les premières du XXe, sur un marché dévoyé par la concurrence déloyale et la perte de repères du consommateur. La surproduction endémique de la viticulture française durant la première moitié du XXe siècle, la concurrence des vins étrangers, ainsi que la restriction des débouchés tant nationaux, qu’internationaux, poussent dès lors le législateur à protéger la viticulture nationale par un ensemble de mesures propres à redéfinir les comportements du commerce et de la production, le tout dans un esprit de promotion de la qualité vinicole et de régulation du marché. Protectionnisme et agrarisme triomphent alors au sein du Parlement et des gouvernements afin de protéger le produit phare de l’économie française de la Troisième République
The study of the genesis of French law surrounding the wine trade under the Third French Republic is essential to understand the ins and outs of French present wine law. Actually, almost the whole present wine law appears between the eighties of the nineteenth century and the thirties of the twentieth century. The analysis of the French legislator’s approach displays the determination to set up a large-scale policy in order to protect a production enduring, during this period, a structural slump crisis. The fraud on the composition of the wine and on its origin, during the last years of the nineteenth century, characterizes the market of the wine. This one is led astray by unfair competition and the loss of consumer’s landmark. Endemic overproduction of French viticulture during the first part of the twentieth century, competition of foreign wines, and restriction of French and international outlets, push legislator into protecting national viticulture by several measures for redefining behavior of the trade and the production. French legislator tries, at the same time, to push for quality and controlling market. Protectionist and agrarian policy triumph in the French Parliament and government to protect this flagship of the French agricultural production in the Third French Republic

Labelling is a contentious issue within the fields of psychology and education and is influenced by the predominant medical and social models of disability labelling. Previous research has explored the views of children and parents in relation to the labels used to describe literacy difficulties. However, such research has neglected the views of children's mainstream teachers within the UK educational context. Drawing on an ecological perspective, this exploratory study investigated the views of four children aged 8 to 11 who had a dual placement at a centre for children with specific learning differences, their parents and their mainstream teachers. A qualitative methodology which utilised semi-structured interviews as a means of data collection investigated participants' views regarding the labels used to describe literacy difficulties, their perceived purpose and the meanings ascribed to them. Data was analysed using a hybrid approach of thematic analysis. Themes from the three data sets were collapsed allowing comparisons to be made. Findings indicated that there was variation in the labels used to describe the children's literacy difficulties although their meaning remained relatively constant. Labels were found to be transferable in nature, with adults not necessarily using those written in reports, where most of the labels originated. Adults perceived a need for collaboration in order to 'diagnose' dyslexia, with the role of the educational psychologist (EP) being central to this. Contrasting views regarding the purpose of a label, especially in relation to the support it could bring were found and although participants recognised that labels could provide an explanation, the visual signs of such difficulties were perceived as being important for the children interviewed. The findings are especially relevant to the role of the EP particularly since new recommendations have been proposed to the government regarding the identification of dyslexia (Rose, 2009). EPs are ideally placed to work with children, their parents and teachers and can draw on their skills in consultation and mediation with the aim of developing a shared understanding of the child's difficulties whichever label is used.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
A rotulagem é a principal ferramenta de comunicação entre a indústria e os consumidores e presta informação importante para ambos. A par da restante legislação alimentar, também a relativa à rotulagem deve ser atualizada, acompanhando a evolução e exigências da sociedade. Neste sentido, foi recentemente publicado o Regulamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011 relativo à informação aos consumidores sobre géneros alimentícios. Constitui um marco importante na lei da rotulagem geral e nutricional, mas implica novas obrigações para as empresas, que a curto prazo têm que proceder à reformulação dos rótulos. Foi neste contexto que se desenvolveu este trabalho, com dois objetivos principais: especificar as alterações de rotulagem impostas pelo referido Regulamento e avaliar o seu impacto nas empresas que rotulam produtos pré-embalados de origem animal. As alterações foram identificadas após realização de uma análise comparativa do Regulamento face à legislação pela qual os operadores se regem atualmente, e concluiu-se que muitas estão em consonância com o exigido pelos consumidores, e que apesar de mais simples e moderna a legislação mantém os princípios base. Para avaliar o impacto do Regulamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011 analisou-se o grau de conformidade dos rótulos em relação às alterações identificadas, tendo para tal sido elaborada uma check-list, que foi aplicada aos rótulos de 259 produtos de diferentes sectores: carne, produtos da pesca, ovos, leite e derivados. Os resultados definiram quantitativa e qualitativamente as mudanças necessárias, e demonstraram que 99,8% dos rótulos carecem de alterações, havendo conformidade total apenas num rótulo do sector dos ovos e num de carne fresca refrigerada. O tamanho mínimo de letra e a declaração nutricional foram os critérios com maior prevalência de não conformidades. Como conclusão destaca-se uma grande quantidade de alterações necessárias, que será traduzida num pesado aumento da carga administrativa e de custos empresariais.
ABSTRACT - New Regulation concerning labelling of food: changes in labelling laws and evaluation of the impact on labels of prepacked products of animal origin. - Labelling is the primary communication tool between industry and final consumers and provides important information for both. Along with other food laws, labelling laws must also be updated, following the evolution and demands of society. This way, was recently published the Regulation (EU) no. 1169/2011 concerning information about food to the consumers. It represents an important milestone on the general and nutritional labelling laws, but implies new obligations for companies: in the short term they have to prepare for labels reformulation. This was the motivation to develop this work, with two chief objectives: to specify the labelling changes imposed by the regulation and assess the impact on the companies that label prepacked food of animal origin. The changes were identified after carrying out a comparative analysis of the regulation under the laws by which operators are ruled today, finding that many are in line with the consumers demand, and that despite being simpler and more modern, the legislation maintains the basic principles. To assess the impact of the Regulation (UE) no. 1169/2011, it was analyzed the conformity degree of the labels on the identified changes, having prepared a check-list, which applied to the labels of 259 products from distinct sectors: meat, fishery products, eggs, milk and dairy products. The results defined quantitatively and qualitatively the necessary changes, demonstrating that 99,8% of the labels lack changes, and only one product of the eggs sector and one product of fresh chilled meat shown full compliance. The minimum font size and the nutrition declaration were the criteria with the highest prevalence of non-conformities. It was concluded that a lot of necessary changes are needed, implying a heavy increase in administrative tasks and company business costs.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T20:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria_Auxiliadora Andrade - 2005.pdf: 1009311 bytes, checksum: fc89542ce0a0fb7c6a73727f348fc5a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T20:41:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria_Auxiliadora Andrade - 2005.pdf: 1009311 bytes, checksum: fc89542ce0a0fb7c6a73727f348fc5a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-03T20:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Maria_Auxiliadora Andrade - 2005.pdf: 1009311 bytes, checksum: fc89542ce0a0fb7c6a73727f348fc5a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-16
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of quaternary ammonia on Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in eggshell and its penetration capacities, verify the ability to infect the egg inoculated in eggshell, determine embryo mortality, infect hatched chicks and affect incubation parameters of two broiler lines. A total of 302 and 290 fertile eggs of Ross and ISA Label, respectively, were distributed in six treatments: eggs sanitized with placebo (Treatment 1- PC) quaternary ammonia inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 2-PI); eggs non-sanitized and inoculated placebo (Treatment 3- NPC) with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 4- NPI); eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity with placebo (Treatment 5-CAC) or Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 6- CAI). Immediately after inoculation, the eggs were hatched and embryo mortality was evaluated after 96, 432 and 528 hours. The qualitative results were analyzed by non-parametric tests of chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis. The incubation parameters were not affected when the pathogen was inoculated in eggshell. It was observed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in allantoidal cavity determined late embryo mortality in fast 17,02% and slow growing 13,04% lines, and eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity originated chicks with high frequency of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis of 76,67% and 26,67% Ross and ISA Label, respective.
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar os efeitos de quaternários de amônia sobre Salmonella Enteritidis inoculados na casca e a capacidade de penetração deste patógeno na casca e para verificar sua habilidade em infectar os ovos inoculados pela casca e cavidade alantóide, determinar mortalidade embrionária, infectar os pintos eclodidos e afetar os parâmetros de incubação em duas linhagens de frango de corte. Utilizaram-se, respectivamente, 302 e 290 ovos férteis das linhagens Ross e ISA Label, distribuídos em seis tratamentos: ovos sanitizados e inoculados com o placebo (tratamento 1- PC) ou com quaternários de amônio inoculados na casca com Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 4 (tratamento 2-PI); ovos não sanitizados e inoculados na casca com placebo (tratamento 3-NPC) ou com Salmonella Enteritidis (tratamento 4-NPI); ovos inoculados na cavidade alantóide com placebo (tratamento 5-CAC) ou com Salmonella Enteritidis (tratamento 6-CAI). Imediatamente após a inoculação, os ovos foram incubados e a mortalidade embrionária avaliada após 96, 432 e 528 horas. As respostas qualitativas foram analisadas pelos testes não paramétricos de qui-quadrado e de Kruskal-Wallis. Constatou-se que a sanitização dos ovos não eliminou a Salmonella Enteritidis inoculada na casca sendo que o agente manteve-se viável na casca durante todo o período de incubação e migrou para o interior dos ovos em três das 20 amostras analisadas. Os parâmetros de incubação não foram afetados quando o patógeno foi inoculado na casca. Constatou-se também que a Salmonella Enteritidis inoculada na cavidade alantóide determinou mortalidade embrionária tardia nas linhagens Ross de 17,02% e ISA Label de 13,04%, assim como os ovos inoculados nesta cavidade originaram pintos com maior freqüência de colonização intestinal pela Salmonella Enteritidis de 76,67% e 26,67% para Ross e ISA Label, respectivamente.

Geographical Indications are signs used for goods that have a specific geographical origin and hold quality, reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that origin. Geographical Indications and Trademarks are distinctive signs that allow producers to protect their established reputation against imitation or fraud. The use of Geographical Indication by regions that provide services has different goals of Geographical Indications by producing regions of tangible goods. Geographical Indication does not ensure legal exclusivity to the services offered by a technology park, or, more generally, by a Local Productive Arrangement. Thus, there is no clarity whether the derivatives strategic attributes of Geographical Indication - especially reputation - can generate competitive advantage. This study aims to check that the Geographical Indication gives competitive advantage and positive reputation to the local productive arrangement Porto Digital. Descriptive crosssectional study was conducted with 10 customers and 25 managers of companies belonging to the technological park Port Digital. A questionnaire was applied based on the customer-based brand equity model addressing the characterization of the companies and the values assigned by managers and customers to adherence, quality, superiority, consideration and credibility of Porto Digital Brand. Data and scores obtained were subjected to correlation analysis. Values above the mean score for Brand Judgment were obtained both by customers and by managers, and values above the mean score for Brand Adherence where obtained by managers. There was no significant correlation between billing, number of employees or age of companies and their assigned scores for Judgment and Adherence. Judgment and Adherence are correlated. Porto Digital brand gives positive brand judgment to the services offered by the technological park.
As Indicações Geográficas (IG) são sinais utilizados para bens que têm uma origem geográfica específica e possuem qualidade, reputação ou características essencialmente atribuíveis àquela origem. As IG, como marcas registradas, são sinais distintivos que permitem aos produtores proteger sua reputação estabelecida contra imitação ou fraude. A IG para o setor de serviços possui objetivos diferentes das de regiões produtoras de bens tangíveis, pois não confere exclusividade legal aos serviços oferecidos por um parque tecnológico, ou, mais geralmente, por um Arranjo Produtivo Local. Desta forma, não há clareza se os atributos estratégicos derivados da IG - sobretudo a reputação podem gerar vantagem competitiva. Assim, com este trabalho objetivou-se verificar se a IG confere vantagem competitiva e reputação positiva ao arranjo produtivo local Porto Digital. Para isto, foi realizado estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo com 10 clientes e 25 gestores de empresas pertencentes ao parque tecnológico Porto Digital. Foi aplicado questionário baseado no modelo customer-based brand equity abordando a caracterização das empresas quanto a seu faturamento, número de funcionários e tempo de alocação no parque tecnológico; e os valores atribuídos pelos gestores e clientes para Adesão, Qualidade, Superioridade, Consideração e Credibilidade da Marca Porto Digital. Os dados e escores obtidos foram comparados e submetidos a análise de correlação.Foram obtidos valores acima do escore médio (e=3,27) para o Julgamento de Marca, tanto por clientes quanto por gestores, e valores acima do escore médio (e=3,45) para a Adesão à Marca pelos gestores. Foi verificada baixa correlação entre faturamento e Julgamento (r=0,18) e faturamento e Adesão (r=0,29). Não foram verificadas correlações significativas entre número de funcionários ou tempo de embarque das empresas e seus escores atribuídos para Julgamento e Adesão (r<0,1). Foi verificada correlação significativa (r=0,72) entre Julgamento de Marca e Adesão à Marca. Concluiu-se que a Marca Porto Digital confere Julgamento de Marca positivo aos serviços oferecidos pelo parque tecnológico.

Dès les premières dynasties, le pictogramme fut dans l’écriture le prolongement des représentations figuratives naturalistes, logogrammes dans les palettes funéraires décorées protodynastiques. Ce constat nous porte à les mettre en correspondance avec l’art pariétal du néolithique nubien, le prédynastique égyptien, et celui des aires culturelles périphériques. La reconsidération des pétroglyphes en tant que symboles et idéogrammes, c’est-à-dire des mythogrammes autant que des logogrammes-phonogrammes polysémiques permet de dégager un système structurel de représentations symboliques universel dans la vallée du Nil. Essentiellement funéraire, il est organisé autour d’une nouvelle lecture en relation aux mythes fondateurs de l’Œil d’Horus/solaire, s’exprime dans des rites primitifs de revivification, de renaissance, néolithiques et prédynastiques, explicités ensuite durant les premières dynasties sur des tablettes, des sceaux-cylindres votifs, et l’onction du mort avec les sept huiles canoniques et, enfin, dans les Textes des Pyramides. Contrairement à l’idée commune d’opposition des notions de Nature-Culture, il est question de les conjuguer, de réconcilier la dualité non binaire et de voir, par exemple, les fonctions héliotrope et/ou héliophore des animaux du bestiaire soudanien, avec Sokar le faucon funéraire, les garants bienveillants des métamorphoses et de renaissance du soleil/des défunts, par ailleurs, félidés, canidés, antilopes…, investis du numineux des divinités tutélaires. À la lueur d’une nouvelle lecture du mythe “osirien” primitif de métamorphose, nous reconsidérons les conceptions sur le sacrifice animal sur des bases d’anthropologie religieuse. Loin d’une maîtrise et soumission de la nature, et d’un diffusionnisme, l’interculturalité de la pensée mythique archaïque première dans la vallée nubiano-égyptienne et des régions périphériques multiethniques implique, vis-à-vis du monde naturel et des forces spirituelles numineuses, la transculturalité des conceptions solaires et le partage pluriculturel, transhistorique des croyances résurrectionnelles polycycliques. Ainsi, les pétroglyphes d’animaux, les scènes de chasse animale, les représentations de barques, de sandales, etc., sont de nature funéraire votive, apotropaïque
Since the beginning of the first dynasties, the pictogram in writing was the extension of naturalistic figurative representations, logograms in the decorated funerary protodynastic palettes. This statement carry us to link them with the parietal art of Neolithic Nubia, the egyptian Predynastic, and peripheral cultural areas. We have reconsidered the petroglyphs as polysemic symbols and ideograms, i.e. mythograms as well polysemic logograms-phonograms, allowing us to draw up a structural system of symbolic representations, universal in the Nile valley. Basically funerary, the system is organised around a new reading in connection with the founding of the ‘Eye of Horus’/solar myths, and express itself in primitive Neolithic and Predynastic rites of revivification, rebirth, more explicit afterwards during the first dynasties on labels, votive cylinder-seals, and anointing the deads with the seven holy canonical oils, finally in the Pyramid Texts. Contrary to the common idea which opposite the Nature-Culture notions, there is some question to combine them, to reconcile the non-binary duality and to see, for example, the heliotrope functions and/or heliophore animals of the sub-Saharan bestiary, with Sokar the funerary hawk, the benevolent guarantors for the rebirth and metamorphosis of the sun/deads; otherwise felids, canids, antelopes…, invested by the numinous of the protecting divinities. In consequence of a new reading of the primitive ‘osirian’ myth of metamorphosis, we have reconsidered the conceptions about animal sacrifice on the basis of religious anthropology. Far from bringing under control and submission of nature, and diffusionnism, the intercultural (cross-cultural) of the first archaic mythic thought in the multi-ethnic nubian-egyptian valley and associated neighbouring areas involves, towards the natural world and the numinous spiritual strengths, the cross-cultural of solar conceptions and multicultural, trans-historic sharing of the polycyclic resurrectional believes. Thus, the animal petroglyphs, cynegetic scenes, boats and sandals representations, etc., are of funerary votive, apotropaic nature

碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
101
In early February, 2012, Lativ, an online clothing brand having boasted of its MIT goods, removed the country of origin markon its shopping website. This change aroused heated controversy among consumers and the media. Both blamed Lativ for breaking it brand commitment. Many have claimedthat they refuseto purchase from Lativ. However, more attention should be paid to the fact behind the controversy: Taiwan’s garment and apparel industry has been declining for decades. Based on Lativ’s case, this report attempts to explore the possibility to reserve OEM in Taiwan, and the definition of the role of MIT in the industry,aiming to draw a possible future for Taiwan’s garment and apparel industry. This report first reconstructs Lativ’s case in 2012 and depicts the development of the garment and apparel industry in Taiwan. The reporter asserts that this industry should not insist on mass production anymore. Both OEM background and the shortage of talents in Taiwan have already hindered the upgrading of the industry. Instead, a transformation from traditional mass production to small quantity production and trail production is needed. Through these two measures, fashion designers can not only polish design techniques but also improve their innovation ability. Since 2011, Taiwan Textile Federation has established “Fashion Institute of Taipei,”“Design Atelier/ Apparel,” and “Apparel Pilot Workshop” for fashion designers and future upgrading; however, there are still rooms for improvement. The future of Taiwan’s garment and apparel industry relies on the cooperation of all related industries, governmentalbureaus, and academic researchers.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
經營管理系碩士班
100
In recent years, the rise in the retail industry in Taiwan, according to statistics by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the turnover growth of 40% over the past decade. Revolution in retail channels changed the original manufacture, wholesale and retailer tripartite structure of relations. High concentration of retail channels and price competition, so the retailers have begun to invested in the establishment of its own brand and product development. In the global apparel retail industry environment, "Fast Fashion" will be the consumption trends for the next 10 years. The central idea "cheap and fast", has a direct impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers and the managers’ operation way. With this industry trend, the rise of private label clothing brands like ZARA(Spain), UNIQLO(Japan), H&M(Sweden) and so on. In Taiwan also felt the impact of changes in both “private label clothing brand” and “Fast Fashion” significantly. In Taiwan market, foreign brands have to open retail stores and the private label clothing brand in Taiwan have been established, makes consumers more and more choices for apparel brands. Therefore, this study observed these phenomenon as a research background. Through the integration of past academic books and related research, to develop a brand of country-of-origin, brand judgment, brand resonance and brand equity of the theoretical framework. The data collected from the consumers in Taipei area by the questionnaire investigation method. Using structural equation modeling and AMOS as the main analysis tools. Explore the correlation between brand country-of-origin, brand judgments, brand resonance and brand equity in the industry. The most significant findings are: 1.There is a significant, positive correlation between Brand of Country-of-Origin and Brand Judgment. 2.There is a significant, positive correlation between Brand Judgment and Brand Resonance. 3.There is not a significant, positive correlation between Brand Judgment and Brand Equity. 4.There is a significant, positive correlation between Brand Resonance and Brand Equity. 5.There is a significant, positive correlation between Brand of Country-of-Origin and Brand Equity. In this survey, an empirical study takes private label of the clothing retail industry to discover the relationships in different variables. Contributions of the findings are to provide business marketing strategy.

Činoherní studio in Ústí nad Labem is a theatre founded in the 1970s; ever since its foundation, it has displayed specific dramatics features. Czech playwright and director Jiří Pokorný became its artistic director in 1993 and it was his aim to perform contemporary, unique and most importantly Czech plays; all the dramaturgic plan for the 1990s was therefore adjusted to this aim. Moreover, he decided to perform his own plays; these plays were considered to be the very first Czech coolness drama texts and as such contributed greatly to the penetration of this specific poetics on Czech theatre stages. This thesis both characterises and interprets the plays performed by the end of the 1990s and therefore reflects the distinctive dramaturgic course which had not had parallel in the Czech Republic up to this period.