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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

1

Chirico, Francesco. "Knowledge Accumulation in Family Firms". International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 26, n. 4 (agosto 2008): 433–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242608091173.

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Van Long, Ngo, Antoine Soubeyran e Raphael Soubeyran. "KNOWLEDGE ACCUMULATION WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION". International Economic Review 55, n. 4 (28 ottobre 2014): 1089–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12084.

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Padoan, Pier Carlo. "Trade, knowledge accumulation and diffusion". Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 9, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0954-349x(98)00038-1.

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Abbott, Andrew. "Reconceptualizing knowledge accumulation in sociology". American Sociologist 37, n. 2 (giugno 2006): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-006-1005-9.

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Cooray, Noreen. "Knowledge accumulation and technological advance". Research Policy 14, n. 2 (aprile 1985): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(85)90016-2.

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Reining, Stefan, Frederik Ahlemann, Benjamin Mueller e Rahul Thakurta. "Knowledge Accumulation in Design Science Research". ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 53, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2022): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514097.3514100.

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Design science research (DSR) is increasingly prominent in the information systems discipline. However, despite a lively discourse, and methodical and conceptual advances notwithstanding, DSR contributions are rarely cumulative and mostly remain isolated. This lack of cumulative research impedes scientific progress and practical impact. Our goal in this paper is to help establish a cumulative tradition in DSR by proposing (1) a general, consensus-oriented, evolutionary process model of scientific progress based on a synthesis of different streams in the philosophy of science, (2) quality criteria for DSR contributions corresponding to the individual steps in the process model, (3) actions that the IS community as a whole can take to facilitate adherence to these quality criteria. We expect that our work can pave the way towards developing a more cumulative research tradition in DSR and thereby foster genuine scientific progress in the field.

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Sugiyama, Shigeki, e Junji Suzuki. "Accumulation and Integration in Seamless Knowledge". International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 3, n. 2 (aprile 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2012040101.

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Society is in the era of globalization. Communication methods include transfers among commodities, facilities, information, systems, thought, knowledge, etc., causing many interactions among society. As a result of these situations, an individual’s world can be altered, causing multi dipoles. Currently, an individual is able to get as much information as he or she desires. But on the other hand, individuals are also losing information, goods, foods, etc., without recognizing how much is lost. The authors believe under these situations almost everything in the world may be interfering with one another in a multitude of ways. This phenomenon will aggressively continue. This paper studies the problems caused by these situations and proposes a method to resolve some of the problems caused by these situations: Accumulation and Integration in Seamless Knowledge.

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Schweickert, Richard. "Time and the Accumulation of Knowledge". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, n. 6 (giugno 1988): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025794.

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Kuo, Chia-I., Chia-hung Wu e Bou-Wen Lin. "Gaining from Scientific Knowledge: The Role of Knowledge Accumulation and Knowledge Combination". Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, n. 1 (agosto 2017): 15029. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.15029abstract.

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Kuo, Chia-I., Chia-Hung Wu e Bou-Wen Lin. "Gaining from scientific knowledge: the role of knowledge accumulation and knowledge combination". R&D Management 49, n. 2 (25 aprile 2018): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/radm.12322.

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Tesi sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

1

Bielous, Gabriela Dutrenit. "From knowledge accumulation to strategic capabilities : knowledge management in a Mexican glass firm". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263150.

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Waters, John Frederick, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business e School of Management. "Knowledge and commitment in innovation processes". THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Waters_J.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/530.

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This study was aimed at achieving an understanding of the role of knowledge and commitment in the process of innovation. To do that, the study confronted several intractable problems of innovation research that have created barriers to knowledge accumulation. Theoretical models were developed based on organizational knowledge and commitments and aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional research models. Theoretical models of organizational change were investigated through multiple case studies of innovation projects that compared organizations of different types and size, and change processes of both technological and administrative character. A conclusion from this research is that innovation research should learn to live with the dialectic that innovation is unrelated to knowledge or outcomes. This would help to focus research attention on the means by which knowledge is transformed into action, the central problem of the management of innovation.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Yaqub, Ohid. "Knowledge accumulation and vaccine innovation : lessons from polio and HIV/AIDS". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2382/.

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This thesis contrasts vaccine innovation efforts in the cases of poliomyelitis and HIV/AIDS. It addresses the question of why some fields of human endeavour can be seen to yield positive change more quickly than others. The thesis develops a perspective that views innovation as a cumulative learning process. It employs the notion of a ‘testing regime' to draw attention to the role of testing in driving this carefully managed learning process during the development of vaccines. Repeated testing, under conditions that are varied using instruments and skill, generates knowledge that is reliable and robust for technological purposes. Governance is needed to co-ordinate this process of testing to ensure the resulting knowledge growth is shared and cumulative. This lens is used to explore the creation of intermediate conditions, the development of instrumentalities, and the role of governance in vaccine innovation processes. The thesis uses the notion of ‘social visions' to explore how attention directed to poliomyelitis contrasted with neglect and apathy afforded to AIDS in its early manifestations. Shared, rather than competing, visions are found to play a significant role in setting the vaccine innovation process in motion. However, the thesis finds that key pathogenic features of the virus and certain ethical and safety stances make learning and the accumulation of technological knowledge inherently difficult. Importantly, the thesis finds policy measures can mitigate or exacerbate these learning challenges considerably. Whilst greater market support and increased research funding tend to be positive contributions to vaccine development, this research shows they are only part of what is needed to take ideas through to innovation. The empirical evidence gathered in this thesis, when viewed through the testing regime lens, suggests that science and innovation are distinct activities but their inter-relationships can be enhanced with the development of an infrastructure focussed on nurturing skills, fostering the use of new techniques, encouraging the development of new instruments, and implementing governance measures to co-ordinate testing efforts and resources.

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Stiller, Johannes [Verfasser], e Gabriel [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee. "On The Spatial Economics of Knowledge Accumulation / Johannes Stiller ; Betreuer: Gabriel Lee". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165869047/34.

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Stiller, Johannes [Verfasser], e Gabriel S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee. "On The Spatial Economics of Knowledge Accumulation / Johannes Stiller ; Betreuer: Gabriel Lee". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165869047/34.

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Serobe, Matlale Kolojane. "Career capital accumulation through the Master of Business Administration degree". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22830.

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There have been several debates about the value of an MBA. Proponents of the MBA believe that the MBA contributes greatly to the development of general managers, while critics argue that the MBA course is disconnected from reality and does not equip graduates with the skills required to navigate managerial roles. Against this backdrop, the research aimed to establish which career capital components are accumulated through the MBA and what aspect of the MBA contribute to the accumulation of career capital.The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase of the research was qualitative and comprised ten semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders. The first phase aimed to establish the career capital components that are accumulated through the MBA and the aspects of the MBA that contribute to the accumulation of career capital. The constructs identified in phase one, together with those identified in the literature, were then used as inputs in the design of a self-administered questionnaire distributed in phase two. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 1 129 MBA graduates out of whom 205 completed the questionnaire.The career capital components that are developed through the MBA were identified, as well as the aspects of the MBA that contribute the most to accumulating career capital. The top career capital component identified was the ability to work under pressure. The aspect of the MBA that contributes the most to career capital accumulation was the case study method. Furthermore, the career capital components for which there were significant differences between males and females, as well as between those who completed their studies recently and those who completed them some time ago were also identified. The study found that there were no significant differences in perceived career capital between those who had different types of roles prior to embarking on the MBA. A model that encapsulates the key findings was also developed.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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CAI, Dapeng. "The Effects of Knowledge Accumulation on Intergenerational Allocation of an Exhaustible Resource with Amenity Value". 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10702.

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de, Figueiredo Paulo C. Negreiros. "Technological capability-accumulation paths and the underlying learning processes in the latecomer context : a comparative analysis of two large steel companies in Brazil". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367544.

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Hedberg, Elisabeth. "A study of factors relevant for the generation of new technology in OECD countries : A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between stock of knowledge, research effort, competition and knowledge accumulation". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25267.

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This thesis investigates, at the country level, the relationship between innovation output or generation of new technology and input factors such as stock of knowledge, research effort and institutional factors such as competition and intellectual property rights. It is shown that variations in generation of new technology reflect differences in knowledge stock, research effort, product market competition and other institutional factors of OECD countries. The available stock of knowledge and the research effort was shown to have a linear and positive effect on technology generation. It was also shown that the degree of product market competition has a nonlinear effect on technology growth, thereby confirming on a country-level an inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation. Generation of new knowledge was examined using a knowledge production function with annual and accumulated knowledge measured with a patent indicator based on a worldwide count of patent priority filings. A cross-sectional linear regression model was used with secondary data. Independent variables included were the main variables accumulated stock of patent priority filings, the number of FTE researchers in R&D and the Product Market Regulation Index. Institutional bias was accounted for by including the independent variables Index of Patent Rights, administrative patenting fees and a Global Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness index was found to have positive effect on patent productivity and the administrative patenting fees relationship was found to be negative. The results are consistent with theories and empirical findings. The results also highlight the importance of innovation policies that keep costs of patenting low and of adjusting the competition policy of a country to the type of economy in question.

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Pasquinelli, Matteo. "The asymetrical condition : new forms of value accumulation and conflict between knowledge economy and network society". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542025.

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Libri sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

1

Mazzucato, Mariana, e Giovanni Dosi, a cura di. Knowledge Accumulation and Industry Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511493232.

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Dan, Ben-David. Knowledge dissemination, capital accumulation, trade and endogenous growth. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Padoan, Pier Carlo. Trade and the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge. Washington, DC: World Bank, International Economics Department, International Trade Division, 1996.

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1968-, Mazzucato Mariana, e Dosi Giovanni 1953-, a cura di. Knowledge accumulation and industry evolution: The case of pharma-biotech. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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1959-, Kim Yun-jo, e Chin Chae-gyo, a cura di. 19-segi kyŏnmun chisik ŭi ch'ukchŏk kwa chisik ŭi t'ansaeng: Chisu yŏmp'il = Accumulation of audio-visual information and birth of knowledge in the 19th century : Jisuyeompil. Sŏul-si: Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, 2013.

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Kamp, David. The food snob's dictionary: An essential lexicon of gastronomical knowledge : food snob n: reference term for the sort of food obsessive for whom the actual joy of eating and cooking is but a side dish to the accumulation of arcane knowledge about these subjects. New York: Broadway Books, 2007.

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Kamp, David. The food snob's dictionary: An essential lexicon of gastronomical knowledge : food snob n: reference term for the sort of food obsessive for whom the actual joy of eating and cooking is but a side dish to the accumulation of arcane knowledge about these subjects. New York: Broadway Books, 2007.

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Pikovskiy, Yuriy. Mineral oil: the development of ideas about the inorganic origin of oil and gas deposits. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1206680.

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The widely accepted theory of the organic origin of oil and gas accumulations is practically not used to select promising areas and places for exploratory drilling. This makes us pay close attention to the alternative mineral concept of the genesis of these minerals. The purpose of the book is to show how ideas about the deep inorganic origin of accumulations of oil and hydrocarbon gas developed from antiquity to modern times, before the creation of modern mineral theory. The importance of mineral theory for forecasting large oil and gas fields, as well as for optimizing oil and gas geoecology is shown. For a wide range of readers interested in the origin of oil and gas fields, as well as the history of the development of this field of knowledge.

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Padoan, Carlo Pier. Trade and the Accumulation and Diffusion of Knowledge. The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1679.

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Dutrénit, G. Learning and Knowledge Management in the Firm: From Knowledge Accumulation to Strategic Capabilities. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2000.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

1

Valli, Vittorio. "Capital Accumulation, Technological Progress, and Knowledge". In The American Economy from Roosevelt to Trump, 45–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96953-4_5.

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Barquet, Ana Paula, Lauri Wessel e Hannes Rothe. "Knowledge Accumulation in Design-Oriented Research". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 398–413. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59144-5_24.

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Hirschauer, Norbert, Sven Grüner e Oliver Mußhoff. "Knowledge Accumulation Through Meta-analysis and Replications". In Fundamentals of Statistical Inference, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99091-6_5.

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Katz, Gal, Doron Peled e Sven Schewe. "Synthesis of Distributed Control through Knowledge Accumulation". In Computer Aided Verification, 510–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_41.

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Kang, Sung-Kwan, Jong-Hun Kim, Kyung-Yong Chung, Joong-Kyung Ryu, Kee-Wook Rim e Jung-Hyun Lee. "Evolutionary Bio-Interaction Knowledge Accumulation for Smart Healthcare". In IT Convergence and Security 2012, 425–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_52.

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Klarl, Torben, e Matthias Menter. "A Simple Behavioral Model of Stochastic Knowledge Accumulation". In From Industrial Organization to Entrepreneurship, 447–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25237-3_45.

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Lončarević, Zvezdan, e Andrej Gams. "Accelerating Robot Reinforcement Learning with Accumulation of Knowledge". In Advances in Service and Industrial Robotics, 119–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75259-0_13.

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Garcea, Elena A. A. "The Last Hunter-Gatherers and Their Technical Knowledge Accumulation". In SpringerBriefs in Archaeology, 67–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47185-9_4.

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Farmer, Karl, e Matthias Schelnast. "“New“ Growth Theory and Knowledge Externalities in Capital Accumulation". In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 111–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33669-0_5.

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Farmer, Karl, e Matthias Schelnast. "“New” Growth Theory and Knowledge Externalities in Capital Accumulation". In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 113–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62943-7_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

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Chandra, Praveena, e Andy Dong. "Knowledge accumulation and value of inventions". In 2015 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2015.7273056.

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Yueliang Zhou. "Developing platform of Teaching Practical Knowledge Accumulation". In 2010 2nd International Conference on Networking and Digital Society (ICNDS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnds.2010.5479273.

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"Evidence Accumulation Clustering using Pairwise Constraints". In International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004171902930299.

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Feng, Shushu, e Ersi Liu. "The Industrial Structure Upgradingm A Knowledge-Accumulation Approach". In 3rd International Symposium on Asian B&R Conference on International Business Cooperation (ISBCD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isbcd-18.2018.16.

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He Fei e Yang JianJun. "The study of knowledge accumulation oriented design platform". In 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccet.2010.5486005.

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Pu, Nan, Wei Chen, Yu Liu, Erwin M. Bakker e Michael S. Lew. "Lifelong Person Re-Identification via Adaptive Knowledge Accumulation". In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00781.

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Ding, Yang, Jing Yu, Bang Liu, Yue Hu, Mingxin Cui e Qi Wu. "MuKEA: Multimodal Knowledge Extraction and Accumulation for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering". In 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00503.

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Wang, Ming-Chao, e Shih-Chieh Fang. "Accumulation of knowledge capabilities: The perspective of knowledge-based view and network theory". In 2011 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ITMC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmc.2011.5995970.

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Xiaoqing, Zhao, e Xu Qingrui. "The External Knowledge Sources for Firms' Technology Capabilities Accumulation". In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2006.262397.

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Lai, Wen-Hsiang. "A competence of firm-level knowledge accumulation in enterprises". In Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2009.5262026.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Knowledge accumulation"

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Agrawal, Ajay, Avi Goldfarb e Florenta Teodoridis. Does Knowledge Accumulation Increase the Returns to Collaboration? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dicembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19694.

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Lichtenberg, Frank. The Impact of Biomedical Knowledge Accumulation on Mortality: A Bibliometric Analysis of Cancer Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19593.

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Zhao, Y., X. Shen e C. Liao. OpenK: An Open Infrastructure for the Accumulation, Sharing and Reuse of High Performance Computing Knowledge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617288.

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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, e Siobhan M. Brady. Mechanisms underlying root system architecture adaptation to low phosphate environment. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600024.bard.

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In order to advance our understanding towards potential biotechnology improvement of plant performance, we studied root responses to limited P in two different plants, Arabidopsis and tomato. Arabidopsis is among the most studied model plants that allows rapid application of molecular and developmental experiments while tomato is an important crop, with application in agriculture. Using Arabidopsis we found that steroid hormones modulate the extent of root elongation in response to limited P, by controlling the accumulation of iron in the root. We also found that the availability of P and iron control the activity of the steroid hormone in the root. Finally, we revealed the genes involved in this nutrient-hormone interaction. Hence, the ferroxidase LPR1 that promotes iron accumulation in response to low P is repressed by the transcription factor BES1/BZR1. Low P inhibits the steroid hormone pathway by enhancing the accumulation of BKI1. High levels of BKI1 inhibit the activity of the steroid hormone receptor at the cell surface and iron accumulation increases inside the root, resulting in a slow growth. Together, the extent of root elongation depends on interactions between an internal cue (steroid hormone) and cues derived from the availability of P and iron in the environment. Using tomato, we found that the response of two cultivated tomato varieties (M82 and New Yorker) to limited P is distinct from that of the wild species, Solanumpennellii. This is implicated at both the levels of root development and whole plant physiology. Specifically, while the root system architecture of cultivated tomato is modulated by limited P availability, that of the wild type species remained unaffected. The wild species appears to be always behaving as if it is always in phosphate deprived conditions, despite sufficient levels of phosphate. Hyper-accumulation of metals appears to mediate this response. Together, this knowledge will be used to isolate new genes controlling plant adaptation to limited P environment.

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Ștefănescu, Ruxandra, Eszter Laczkó-Zöld, Bianca-Eugenia Ősz e Camil-Eugen Vari. An updated systematic review of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves: phytochemistry and pharmacology. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0029.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile as well as the therapeutic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. Background: The leaves are used in traditional medicine of different countries for the management of diabetes. Until date there are no relevant information, only assumptions regarding the compounds that are responsible for this effect Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Well documented in the literature, the influence of pedo-climatic conditions is an important factor that is responsible for the noticeable differences among the chemical composition of herbal drugs, and also the accumulation of different metals, having significant effects on the quality of plant products.

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Rizzo, Tesalia. Shaping political trust through participatory governance in Lat in America. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003601.

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This paper critically assesses research that examines the link between participatory institutions and political trust in the context of developing countries, with a focus on Latin America. A significant limitation in the systematic accumulation of knowledge in this field is inattention to identifying a clear causal chain through which citizen participation shapes political, economic, and attitudinal outcomes such as political trust. This is particularly important in the Latin American case where constitutionally stated objectives of participatory governance include the improvement of citizen welfare as well as strengthening of political trust in public institutions. Future work should concentrate in providing clear and testable models of the complex relationship between participatory mechanisms, policy, governance, and trust, with particular attention to what mediates and moderates this relationship. Additionally, empirical work done of the Latin America case should move away from a predominantly case-study based and macro-level perspective in the study of participatory institutions to micro-level studies from the citizens point of view. A new frontier for the study of participatory governance in Latin America lies in understanding how citizens experiences with and expectations of participatory institutions as well as the policy outcomes delivered by these institutions shape political trust.

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Hirschberg, Joseph, e Gloria A. Moore. Molecular Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Characterizing the Genes Psy, Pds and CrtL-e. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568744.bard.

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In this research we have studied the molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. The investigations focused on the genes Pds and Psy, encoding desaturase and phytoene synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of lycopene and b-carotene. In addition, we have investigated the genes for lycopene cyclase. We have cloned from tomato and characterized the cDNA of CrtL-e, which encodes the lycopene e-cyclase, and analyzed its expression during fruit development. The results establish a paradigm for the regulation of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis during the ripening process of fruits. It is concluded that transcriptional regulation of genes that encode carotenoid-biosynthesis enzymes is the major mechanism that governs specific pigment accumulation. During the ripening of tomato fruits transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase is up-regulated, while the transcription of the genes for both lycopene cyclases decreases and thus the conversion of lycopene to subsequent carotenoids is inhibited. These findings support the working hypothesis of the molecular approach to manipulating carotenogenesis by altering gene expression in transgenic plants, and offer obvious strategies to future application in agriculture. The molecular and physiological knowledge on carotenogenesis gained in this project, suggest a concept for manipulating gene expression that will alter carotenoid composition in fruits and flowers.

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Shaw, John, Arieh Rosner, Thomas Pirone, Benjamin Raccah e Yehezkiel Antignus. The Role of Specific Viral Genes and Gene Products in Potyviral Pathogenicity, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561070.bard.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

In this research we have studied the molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. The investigations focused on the genes Pds and Psy, encoding desaturase and phytoene synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of lycopene and b-carotene. In addition, we have investigated the genes for lycopene cyclase. We have cloned from tomato and characterized the cDNA of CrtL-e, which encodes the lycopene e-cyclase, and analyzed its expression during fruit development. The results establish a paradigm for the regulation of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis during the ripening process of fruits. It is concluded that transcriptional regulation of genes that encode carotenoid-biosynthesis enzymes is the major mechanism that governs specific pigment accumulation. During the ripening of tomato fruits transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase is up-regulated, while the transcription of the genes for both lycopene cyclases decreases and thus the conversion of lycopene to subsequent carotenoids is inhibited. These findings support the working hypothesis of the molecular approach to manipulating carotenogenesis by altering gene expression in transgenic plants, and offer obvious strategies to future application in agriculture. The molecular and physiological knowledge on carotenogenesis gained in this project, suggest a concept for manipulating gene expression that will alter carotenoid composition in fruits and flowers.

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9

Yao, Z. S., Y. Z. Li e J. E. Mungall. Transport and deposition of sulphide liquid - vectors to ore accumulations. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328979.

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This project aims to model the kinetic controls on sulphide composition due to the extraction of chalcophile elements from silicate magmas, and use the numerical models to deepen our knowledge of the physical constraints that govern sulphide dynamic processes (e.g., breakup, coalescence, transport and deposition) in magmatic system. Based on the new understanding obtained from these forward models, we then take the textural and compositional features of sulphide globules from the field investigation at Raglan komatiite-associated deposits for instance, to better understand the control on entrainment, transport and deposition of sulphide liquids within the ore-forming processes.

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Paran, Ilan, e Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.

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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.

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