Bibliografie tematiche / Khalq Party

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Khalq Party"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Khalq Party"

1

Herman, Hershan @. Ray, Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan e Ku Mohd Amir Aizat Ku Yusof. "Navigating Party Loyalty and Party Hopping in Malaysia Through Nordin Salleh and Khaliq Mehtab’s Cases". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 8, n. 10 (31 ottobre 2023): e002572. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i10.2572.

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This article delves into the intricate dynamics of party loyalty and its implications for political stability in Malaysia, with a specific focus on party hopping. This study applies a doctrinal approach by examining statutory provisions, courts’ judgments and secondary sources. Through a detailed analysis of two landmark cases – Nordin Salleh and Khaliq Mehtab – this study uncovers the underlying challenges within Malaysia's political landscape. The analysis illuminates the judicial position in Nordin Salleh and the departure in Khaliq Mehtab’s cases; to which contrasting judicial positions were taken by the then Supreme Court in the former and the Federal Court in the latter. In light of these findings, the study underscores the critical need for robust and adaptable political institutions capable of withstanding such disruptions, thereby fostering a stable and resilient democracy. Furthermore, this study draws attention to the 2022 constitutional amendment addressing party hopping, acknowledging it as a positive step towards enhancing stability. However, it also highlights the existing gaps in the reforms, particularly in light of the pending application in court. In conclusion, this study posits that the constitutional amendment represents a commendable effort to advance political stability, but its efficacy remains to be seen.
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Naeem, Hafiza Akifa, Aqeela Ashraf, Uzma Rafi e Naseem Zahra. "Determination and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Cattle Feed Samples Collected from Local Areas of Lahore, Pakistan". BioScientific Review 5, n. 3 (18 luglio 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.01.

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Aflatoxins are naturally occurring toxic metabolites produced by fungi in various food crops. The current study aims to determine the level of aflatoxins by using thin-layer chromatography in cattle feed samples and evaluates different methods including physical, chemical, and biological methods used for detoxification. A total of 80 samples including 40 fresh feed samples (20 wanda and 20 makai) and 40 dry feed samples (10 samples of dana, 10 samples of chokhar, 10 samples of toori, 3 samples of Khal, and 7 samples of makai dana) were collected from 22 areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Physical methods used for detoxification included washing and boiling, while chemical methods included detoxification with 10% citric acid, 10% acetic acid, 2% sodium hydroxide, and 2% hydrochloric acid. Finally, biological methods included detoxification with 0.15% mustard oil and 0.15% black seed oil. Among the samples, 9 wanda, 7 makai, 3 khal, 2 dana, and 2 chokhar samples were found to be contaminated. Only 6.25% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of 20 parts per billion (ppb) set by the USFDA. A chemical method applied to khal samples achieved the highest reduction percentage at 63.64%. Meanwhile, physical and biological methods resulted in reduction percentages of 23.91% and 35.72%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of various approaches, particularly highlighting the significant reduction achieved with the chemical method in khal samples. Moreover, these findings contribute to the understanding of effective strategies for mitigating aflatoxin contamination in cattle feed.
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Maçaneiro, Marcial. "Allah al-Khaliq: Deus criador no islã – noções fundamentais a partir do Alcorão". Caminhos de Diálogo 7, n. 11 (15 febbraio 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cd.a7n11p226-234.

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Deus é professado como criador pelas três religiões abraâmicas: judaísmo, cristianismo e islã. Contudo, ainda que as conexões entre Antigo e Novo Testamento sejam largamente tratadas pela catequese e teologia das igrejas, a compreensão islâmica de Deus como criador é pouco conhecida entre os cristãos. Para incrementar este conhecimento, com vistas ao diálogo islâmico-cristão na sociedade de hoje, apresenta-se neste artigo a visão teológica do criador na perspectiva do islã. A abordagem parte do Alcorão e se dispõe em sete tópicos: atributos, mediações, propósito, ação, revelação, perfeição e invocação do criador. Esses tópicos têm caráter didático, permitindo aproximações à vários aspectos da ontologia, cosmologia e escatologia muçulmanas. Deste modo, apresentam-se os elementos fundamentais da noção islâmica de Deus como criador – em árabe al-Khaliq.
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Mandaville, James P. "Plant life in the Rub' al-Khali (the Empty Quarter), south-central Arabia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008988.

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SynopsisThe hyperarid climate of the Rub' al-Khali strongly conditions plant life in this subtropical hot desert. There is fossil evidence of a more humid climate here in late Tertiary and Pleistocene times and of a lakeforming phase as recent as 9000–6000 BP. Today rain may not occur for years in some parts, with annual means less than 25 mm, yet the extensive sands provide more scope for plant growth than do some rock and gravel tracts in less arid northern Arabia. The sand vegetation is characterised by very diffuse shrub communities led respectively by an endemic subspecies of Calligonum crinitum, the endemic saltbush Cornulaca arabica and, locally, by Haloxylon persicum. Cyperus conglomeratus, Dipterygium glaucum, Limeum arabicum, and Zygophyllum mandavillei are widespread associates. Sand-free gravel floors or salt flats, relatively small in extent, are nearly or entirely sterile. Tree forms are absent except for rare individuals on some borderlands. Floristic diversity is very restricted; only about 37 species (listed), of which hardly 10 are important in the vegetation, are recorded from an area of 500,000 km2. Annual plants are virtually absent, a situation contrasting sharply with that in Arabia to the N where more than half the desert species are therophytes.
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Ibrahim bin Ali Al Qaid Asiri, Ibrahim bin Ali Al Qaid Asiri. "Arabic Prepositions used as Nouns, Verbs or Both". المجلة العربية للعلوم و نشر الأبحاث 4, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2018): 25–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.e170918.

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Al harf (particle) is an important element in Arabic as it carries a lot of meanings. So, a good number of researches have been done on these particles either as part of a book such as Sibawayh in the al Kitab and Ibn Siraj in al Osool or in separate whole books such as Huruf al- Ma'ani for Zajjaji and al Jana al- Dani fi Huruf al- Ma’ani for Muradi. The grammarians have divided particles into three categories among which Huruf al Ma’ani which are used for nouns and verbs. This important category, including conjunctions, Negation particles, prepositions, etc., received a lot of attention by grammarians and researchers. This study investigates the ways in which Arabic prepositions are used as nouns, verbs or both. The research consists of, apart from abstract and introduction, three parts: prepositions used as nouns or verbs such as ala and hasha; prepositions used as verbs such as ada and khala ; prepositions used as nouns such as al kaf, an, munthu, muth, ma’a and mata. The study concludes by summarizing the main findings of the study.
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Bussi, Gianbattista, Shammi Shawal, Mohammed Abed Hossain, Paul G. Whitehead e Li Jin. "Multibranch Modelling of Flow and Water Quality in the Dhaka River System, Bangladesh: Impacts of Future Development Plans and Climate Change". Water 15, n. 17 (23 agosto 2023): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173027.

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Long-term development and pollution clean-up plans are a continuing feature of megacities such as Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh needs to deal with a legacy of past pollution and manage current pollution from a rapidly expanding economy. Surveys in the rivers around Dhaka show extremely high pollution and very low dissolved oxygen levels, with subsequent ecological impacts. Millions of people are not on public treatment of effluents and thousands of factories discharge into the rivers. The Bangladesh Government is planning to install over 12 large Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) over the next 20 years. To assess the efficacy of these, a water quality model has been applied to the Dhaka River System. Results show that the proposed plan has beneficial effects in the short term for the most densely populated areas of Dhaka, along the Turag and Buriganga Rivers, and in the medium term in other parts of the city (Tongi Khal). However, in several reaches dissolved oxygen levels will remain low or very low due to the lack of STP capacity, remaining misconnections of untreated sewage and large effluent loads. The proposed STPs, while certainly beneficial, will need to be upgraded in the future if the predicted rates of population growth are confirmed and industrial pollution is not significantly reduced alongside. Climate change is expected to have an impact on the Dhaka River System water quality, with increased monsoon flows and lower summer flows, but these changes will not greatly affect the extremes of water quality to any great extent due to the overwhelming impact of pollutant discharges into the system.
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Al-Baydhani, Dr Abd-Gawaad Abd Al-Hassan Ali. "The Letter (Thuma) between Neglect and Realization (An Analytical Study of its Occurrence in the Glorious Qur’an)". International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, n. 1 (17 marzo 2022): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221086.

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(Thuma) appeared in (330) places in the Noble Qur’an, and its function varied between the conjunction of a sentence upon a sentence, as well as the conjunction of the accusative and predicate verb, prepositional phrase, but it did not fall in the Qur’anic text singular noun conjunction on a singular noun. Therefore, the grammarians’ opinions varied in its pronunciation and in its function, as some of them believe that its pronunciation is (Fum) (Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Makram, 1300 AH), this is due to the convergence of the two articulators of the two letters (thaa and faa) in pronunciation, so the sound of the letter (thaa) is the sound of my teeth, and the sound of the letter (faa) is oral to my teeth (Manaf Mahdi al-Mousawi, 1993), this pronunciation is steady in analogy, and odd in use, and it seems to the researcher that this is a dialect of one of the tribes in southern Arabia and northern Yemen, As for the places where it appears in the Noble Qur’an, most of its uses are devoted to the conjunction of the Phrase (Dr. Muhammad Abdul Khaliq Udayma, 2009), and the consensus of grammarians is achieved that it is a non-functional letter, so it does not have an effect on it in syntax, and some of the earlier grammarians and modernists claimed that it is a factor that makes the present tense verb, and there is a point of view (Dr. Aid Karim Alwan, 1966), according to the majority of grammarians and commentators, it is presented in two parts: the first: temporal, which indicates inaction at the time of the act, and the other: non-temporal, which indicates the disparity in ranks and not in times.
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Zhabon, Yumzhana Zh. "Manuscript of the gYu thog snying thig’s sadhana by Khalkha Damtsik Dorje from the Tibetan Fond of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: The 19th Century". Herald of an archivist, n. 1 (2023): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-22-33.

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The study of the written heritage of prominent Buddhist figures in Mongolia and Buryatia is an important area of research for Russian centers in the field of Tibetology and Mongolian studies, as it provides correct understanding and objective evaluation of all aspects of spiritual life of the Mongolian-speaking peoples and interaction of Mongolian-Tibetan cultural traditions. The present study is relevant because, in the Russian oriental studies, works considering texts from the cycle of medical teachings gYu thog snying thig, compiled by Mongolian authors, are almost non-existent. The main purpose of this article is source analysis of the work called bDud rtsi'i snying po (gYu thog snying thig rigs bsdus kyi sgrub thabs bdud rtsi'i snying po), the authorship of which is attributed to the Mongolian Buddhist figure Khalkha Damtsik Dorje (Khal kha dam tshig rdo rje, 1781–1855). In Western and Russian Tibetology, this work has not yet been specially studied. The study has used the handwritten version of this work, stored in the medical collection of the Tibetan fond of the Centre of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan studies at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (COMX IMBT RAS). The article shows the particularity of texts created by Tibetan masters over the centuries and included in the gYu thog snying thig’s rich anthology, which we tentatively divide into three parts: Buddhist, medical, and ritual texts. According to our classification, the considered work bDud rtsi'i snying po belongs to the first group of texts, more specifically, to the practice of the “three roots” (rtsa ba gsum) of the generation stage (skyed rim): Outer, Inner, and Secret Guru Yoga practice. The composition is written in the s?dhana genre for the cycle of medical teachings gYu thog snying thig and has a structure corresponding to it: the preliminary part (taking refuge, the development of bodhichitta), the main part (visualization of the buddhas and ??ki??s, repeating the mantra), and the final part (dedication of merit to all living beings). The article shows that bDud rtsi'i snying po is an abridged version of the dPag bsam ljon ?bras s?dhana (gYu thog snying thig gi sgrub thabs rgyun ?khyer dpag bsam ljon ?bras), included by Khalkha Damtsik Dorje in the 10th volume of the collected works (gsung ‘bum). It has been established that these two versions differ only in text length and certain features in the description of some parts of the practice. A comparative analysis of key elements in the content of extensive and abbreviated s?dhana versions is provided. The study of these two s?dhanas proves that the author of the bDud rtsi'i snying po was Khalkha Damtsik Dorje. The introduction into scientific use of this previously unknown work of Khalkha Damtsik Dorje, found in the Tibetan fund of the COMX IMBT RAS, enriches the source base of modern research in the field of traditional spiritual practices and history of the development of Buddhism and Tibetan medicine in Mongolia and Tibet in the 19th century.
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Queiroz, Victor Sciré. "FAZER A GUERRA EM TERRITÓRIO INIMIGO". Revista de História da UFBA 10, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/rhufba.v10i2.52427.

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Publicada em 1994, The Punisher: Empty Quarter pode ser um ótimo referencial para os pesquisadores de Histórias em Quadrinhos. Nessa aventura o anti-herói Punisher, conhecido no Brasil como Justiceiro vai até a Península Arábica, no deserto Rub’ al-Khali (Empty Quarter no inglês) para enfrentar grupos apontados como terroristas. Ciente das construções e invenções que o Ocidente fez/faz acerca do Oriente, o presente artigo tem como objetivo criticar e compreender as representações dos povos apresentados na história. Porém, não se trata simplesmente de afirmar que roteiristas e ilustradores fizeram deturpações de culturas muitas vezes desconhecidas pelos leitores. Além disso, pode-se questionar quais eram essas representações e como foram criadas. Assim, conseguimos lançar luz não só no imaginário que parte dos americanos tinham sobre o Oriente Médio, mas também, no modo que um personagem dos quadrinhos teve sua identidade produzida a partir do outro.
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Libri sul tema "Khalq Party"

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Afghānistān, Ḥizb-i. Dimūkrātīk-i. Khalq-i. Documents of the Watan Party congress. A cura di Jahesh M. Arif. Kabul: Alberuni Pub. House, 1990.

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Yunas, S. Fida. Afghanistan: Organization of the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan/Watan Party, governments and biographical sketches 1982-1998. [S.l: s.n. , 1998], 1998.

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3

Farhūd, Muḥammad Shāh. Jināyāt-i ḥizbī: S̲awr 1357 - S̲awr 1371 = The Party crimes. 8a ed. Kābul: Maṭbaʻah-ʼi ʻImrān, 2010.

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Vadān, Faqīr Muḥammad. Siyāsat-i muṣālaḥah-i millī va jabhahʹgīrīʹhā dar Ḥizb-i Vaṭan (sābiq Ḥizb-i Dimukrātīk-i Khalq-i Afghānistān): Ḥaqāyiq, pandārʹhā va kirdārʹhā = Policy of national reconciliations in the "Watanʹparty" (the former Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan) : realities, thoughts and deeds. [Afghanistan]: Ittiḥādīyah-i Kumakʹhā, Tafāhum va Hambastagī-i Afghānhā, 2002.

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Tashmetov, A. Ȯzbek SSR-īn ūlttyq, ăleumettīk-ėkonomikalyq zhăne rukhani damytudyn︠g︡ ăl-auqatyn arttyrudyn︠g︡ negīzgī baghyttary: Ȯzbek SSR khalyq deputattary men zhergīlīktī sovetter deputattarynyn︠g︡ saĭlauyna baĭlanysty Ȯzbekstan kompartii︠a︡synyn︠g︡ īs-qimyl platformasy. Tashkent: "Ȯzbekstan", 1989.

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20th anniversary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan: Materials of the jubilee meeting of the PDPA Central Committee, the DRA Revolutionary Council, and the Council of Ministers, January 10, 1985. Kabul: The Committee, 1985.

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7

Haciibrahimoğlu, Hümeyra Sevgülü, e Abdullah Demir. Esmâ-i Hüsnâya Dayanan Kelâm Anlayışı: Ebû İshak es-Saffâr Örneği. Oku Okut Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55709/okuokutyayinlari.1.

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This book discusses the theological views of Abū Isḥāq al-Ṣaffār d. 534/1139), within the framework of his comments on the meanings of Allah’s names, provided in his work titled Talkhīṣ al-adilla. Abū Isḥāq al-Ṣaffār is one of the Ḥanafite-Māturīdite scholars in the 6th/12th century. In his work titled Talkhīṣ al-adilla li-qawāʿid al-tawḥīd on kalām, he spared extensive space for al-asmāʾ al-husnā. Approximately one third of this work, published in two volumes, is devoted to al-asmāʾ al-husnā. An examination of the related section reveals that al-Ṣaffār explains many issues, particularly those related to the existence, unity, and attributes of Allah, based on 175 al-asmāʾ al-husnā. He mentions some of the names that he does not include in the al-asmāʾ al-husnā section under separate headings. For example, the name al-Mutakallim is addressed within the context of the attribute of kalām and in relation to subjects, such as the khalq al-Qurʾān and i‘jaz al-Qurʾān. Upon the addition of these names to the list, the number names reaches 178. This means that half of the work deals with the subject of al-asmāʾ al-husnā. al-Ṣaffār lists the divine names in alphabetical order and explains them semantically in the chapter of al-asmāʾ al-husnā. Then he goes on to clarify each divine name through a theological lens with a specific reference to the subject of kalām. In the pre-Saffar Ḥanafite-Māturīdite theological literature, there is no other work that addresses al-asmāʾ al-husnā in such an extensive way. This book consists of three main sections. The first section titled “Methodological Framework”, elaborates on the focus, significance, purpose and method of the study, along with the sources used. The first part describes the political, social, and religious status of Transoxiana (Mā-warāʾ al-Nahr) region and the cities of Bukhara and Marw, the sociocultural environment in which Saffar lived. The second chapter addresses various concepts, which promote the understanding of al-asmāʾ al-husnā, such as name, tasmiya, musammā, attribute and qualification in addition to the theological debates such as the number and iḥṣāʾ of al-asmāʾ al-husnā. Then, it provides information about the al-asmāʾ al-husnā literature produced in the pre- Ṣaffār period. The end of each chapter comes with a detailed table with the 178 divine names mentioned by al-Ṣaffār. In the third chapter, the author initially discusses the theological principles that al-Ṣaffār considered while explaining the essence of al-asmāʾ al-husnā. This section also determines and systematically categorizes the theological views and evaluations put forward by al-Ṣaffār while explaining the divine names in Talkhīṣ al-adilla. The tables with the divine names and the related discussions can be seen at the end of the discussion for each subject. The last section presents the conclusions reached, regarding the kalām method based on al-Ṣaffār’s understanding of the essence of al-asmāʾ al-husnā. The present study revealed that he made theological interpretations in 75% of the al-asmāʾ al-husnā and interpreted all theological issues ranging from the subjects of knowledge and existence to the Afterlife in connection with the al-asmāʾ al-husnā. These results indicate that al-Ṣaffār's understanding of kalām is based on the interpretation of the divine names.
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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Khalq Party"

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Klimentov, Vassily. "Khalq’s Islam and the Decision to Intervene". In A Slow Reckoning, 28–52. Cornell University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501773808.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the Islam of Khalq, which is part of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), and its decision to intervene. The PDPA was split between Khalq and Parcham while competing for influence among its constituency. The chapter cites that Khalq failed to appreciate that Islam in Afghanistan was an all-encompassing way of life. The PDPA's factionalism and unreliability appalled Moscow, especially since Afghan communists attempted to involve the Soviet embassy in their quarrels. Moreover, the Soviets intervened in Afghanistan because they feared for their security if the United States were to establish military bases and because ideology told them that the world was going their way.
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Creswell, Robyn. "The Genealogy of Arabic Modernism". In City of Beginnings, 52–93. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182186.003.0003.

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This chapter attempts to re-create the “internal dialogue” about their pasts as militants that the Shi'r poets chose not to make public. This narrative is centered on the career of Yusuf al-Khal, who as editor in chief played a leading role in determining the principles of the Shi'r movement. But the real protagonists of the story are institutions: the political party, the university, the Cénacle, and the little magazine. These settings constitute the backstory to al-Khal's engagement with the institutions of late modernism itself—the global network of actors and discourses examined in Chapter 1. This focus on institutional history is intended, in part, as a corrective to the Shi'r poets' insistence that modernist literature is the work of heroic, deracinated individuals.
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Malovany, Pesach, Amatzia Baram, Kevin M. Woods e Ronna Englesberg. "The Liberation Operations in the Central and Northern Sectors (July 1988)". In Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169439.003.0025.

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This chapter deals with the last Iraqi liberation operations, “Tawakalna” operations and others, in all the sectors, along the whole frontline, in which a great part of the Iraqi ground forces took part, and even reoccupied territories on Iranian soil, that had been taken by them at the beginning of the war. The chapter describes the battlefield, the Iranian forces and their deployment, the planning and preparations by the Iraqis, and the course of the operations themselves. It deals also with operations carried out by the Mujahidin Khalk, and the Iraqi operations against the Kurdish opposition in the north. The chapter summarizes all the liberation operations, including the role of the Iraqi Air Force in them, that brought finally to the end of this long war.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Khalq Party"

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Nederlof, Peter, e Andrew Bell and Walter Voggenreiter. "Charge evaluation of the South Rub’ Al-Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia (Part II; see Bell et al. for Part I)". In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.269.

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Bell, Andrew, e Peter Nederlof and Walter Voggenreiter. "Charge evaluation of the South Rub’ Al-Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia (Part I, for Part II see Nederlof et al.)". In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.86.

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Pike, Geoff, Craig Harvey, Michael Hulver, Ashraf Khalil e Pieter van Mastrigt. "Where Is My Sand Wedge? Part 1: Exploring for Stratigraphic Trapping Potential in the Unayzah Group, South Rub' Al Khali Basin". In GEO 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.248.032.

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Pike, Geoff, Craig Harvey, Michael Hulver, Ashraf Khalil e Pieter van Mastrigt. "Where Is My Sand Wedge? Part 2: Lessons from Srak’S First Stratigraphic Trap Test in the South Rub' Al Khali Basin". In GEO 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.248.033.

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Madi, Jamal A., e Elhadi M. Belhadj. "Unconventional Shale Play in Oman: Preliminary Assessment of the Shale Oil / Shale Gas Potential of the Silurian Hot Shale of the Southern Rub al-Khali Basin". In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172966-ms.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Oman's petroleum systems are related to four known source rocks: the Precambrian-Lower Cambrian Huqf, the Lower Silurian Sahmah, the Late Jurassic Shuaiba-Tuwaiq and the Cretaceous Natih. The Huqf and the Natih have sourced almost all the discovered fields in the country. This study examines the shale-gas and shale-oil potential of the Lower Silurian Sahmah in the Omani side of the Rub al Khali basin along the Saudi border. The prospective area exceeds 12,000 square miles (31,300 km2). The Silurian hot shale at the base of the Sahmah shale is equivalent to the known world-class source rock, widespread throughout North Africa (Tannezouft) and the Arabian Peninsula (Sahmah/Qusaiba). Both thickness and thermal maturities increase northward toward Saudi Arabia, with an apparent depocentre extending southward into Oman Block 36 where the hot shale is up to 55 m thick and reached 1.4% vitrinite reflectance (in Burkanah-1 and ATA-1 wells). The present-day measured TOC and estimated from log signatures range from 0.8 to 9%. 1D thermal modeling and burial history of the Sahmah source rock in some wells indicate that, depending on the used kinetics, hydrocarbon generation/expulsion began from the Early Jurassic (ca 160 M.a.b.p) to Cretaceous. Shale oil/gas resource density estimates, particularly in countries and plays outside North America remain highly uncertain, due to the lack of geochemical data, the lack of history of shale oil/gas production, and the valuation method undertaken. Based on available geological and geochemical data, we applied both Jarvie (2007) and Talukdar (2010) methods for the resource estimation of: (1) the amount of hydrocarbon generated and expelled into conventional reservoirs and (2) the amount of hydrocarbon retained within the Silurian hot shale. Preliminary results show that the hydrocarbon potential is distributed equally between wet natural gas and oil within an area of 11,000 square mile. The Silurian Sahmah shale has generated and expelled (and/or partly lost) about 116.8 billion of oil and 275.6 TCF of gas. Likewise, our estimates indicate that 56 billion of oil and 273.4 TCF of gas are potentially retained within the Sahmah source rock, making this interval a future unconventional resource play. The average calculated retained oil and gas yields are estimated to be 6 MMbbl/mi2 (or 117 bbl oil/ac-ft) and 25.3 bcf/mi2 (or 403 mcf gas/ac-ft) respectively. To better compare our estimates with Advanced Resources International (EIA/ARI) studies on several Silurian shale plays, we also carried out estimates based on the volumetric method. The total oil in-place is 50.2 billion barrels, while the total gas in-place is 107.6 TCF. The average oil and gas yield is respectively 7 MMbbl/mi2 and 15.5 bcf/mi2. Our findings, in term of oil and gas concentration, are in line or often smaller than all the shale oil/gas plays assessed by EIA/ARI and others.
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