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1
Brown, Mathew Ben. "Biomechanical analysis of flatwater sprint kayaking." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2009. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/819/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Flatwater sprint kayaking performance can be assessed through the analyses of average boat velocity a paddler can produce, which has been shown to be directly linked to the levels of force production. Furthermore kayaking has been the subject of substantial level of investigation, within which research has identified that the evolution of equipment and resultantly technique has a direct effect on performance. The focus of the previous research has revolved around the upper limbs, with the trunk and lower limbs viewed as an inconsequential base around which the upper limbs move. Therefore the current thesis attempts to identify the application of the entire body during kayak paddling and clarify the importance of trunk and leg contributions to performance. A notational analysis of technique was conducted comparing novice, national and international level paddlers. International paddlers displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower race and stroke times, as a result of significantly higher stroke rates. In addition aspects of technique were ranked from zero to five from which international paddlers displayed significantly (P < 0.05) greater trunk rotation, leg motion, stroke width, and forward reach. These findings were supplemented by the international paddlers entering the paddle significantly closer to the centre line of the kayak, while holding a fixed forward lean position of the trunk. These findings provide important factors within technique that can be identified visually; however further investigation was required to identify their importance in the development of force and kayak velocity. Consequently the development of an on-water analysis system was required to ensure a comprehensive analysis of technique. This was conducted through the combination of kinetic, 3-demensional kinematic, electromyographic and electrogoniometric analysis methods, using subjects (n = 8) with international experience. Subjects were prepared with passive surface electrodes and joint markers, and completed the testing protocol following completion of informed consent and a medical questionnaire. Statistical analysis identified that a moderate positive significant predictive relationship (R1= 0.529, P<0.05) existed between peak force and mean velocity during the left paddle stroke. Separating the trunk into thoracic and lumbar regions revealed a significant negative predictive relationship (P < 0.05) between velocity and range of lumbar spine rotation. Further significant (P < 0.05) findings were identified between activation levels of the rectus abdominus, external obliques and the production of force and velocity. The combination of these findings indicated that the lower trunk acted as a strong stable base against which force was produced increasing average kayak velocity. The activation of the left rectus femoris displayed significant relationships (P < 0.05) with force and velocity during both left and right strokes; indicating that the legs act as braces against which the force is transferred to the kayak. These findings reinforced those identified during the notational analysis, indicating that the legs and trunk play a fundamental role within the development of kayak velocity and therefore performance. It is therefore important that paddlers ensure that the musculature of the trunk and legs are used during performance and that the vital axial rotations occurring in the spine are produced in the thoracic region.
2
Tao, Yu-Guo. "Kayaking and wagging of rigid rod-like colloids in shear flow." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/55984.
Testo completo
3
Fisher, Julia Marguerite. "Revealing complexities within flat-water kayaking: injury prevention and biomechanical analysis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references<br>Elite kayakers are required to perform repetitive movements that create strength and flexibility asymmetries in their bodies, making them susceptible to injury. The first portion of this thesis is dedicated to investigating whether a supervised, corrective pre-habilitation programme of the kinetic chain, conducted twice a week for 10 weeks, would reduce these predisposing factors. A group of 19 marathon paddlers were assessed before and after the intervention, with nine of them receiving the intervention. The 10-week intervention programme was found to significantly improve scapular position and kinesis, thoracic spine extension and single arm pulling ability, thus suggesting improved shoulder function and reduced risk of injury. The second portion of the thesis involved novel biomechanical analysis of kayaking on the water and on a kayaking-ergometer. It is the first objective description of the three dimensional movements of the kayak in the literature. Sprint and marathon paddlers performed a 180 metre time trial using an instrumented paddle with an accelerometer and gyroscope attached to the boat for analysis of boat movement characteristics and paddler-generated forces. Similar patterns for paddle torque, boat acceleration and pitch were observed between male sprint paddlers and male marathon paddlers. However, the direction and timing of the roll and the yaw of the boat during the water phase of the kayak stroke differed between these groups of paddlers. In addition, substantial individual variation existed within the group of male marathon paddlers. On the kayaking ergometer, activation patterns of the trunk and pelvic muscles were measured using electromyography during a maximal 200 metre time trial. Gluteus medius, lower trapezius and erector spinae were measured for the first time in maximal kayaking. The latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and external oblique muscles were more active during the contralateral phase than has previously been reported. When these paddlers performed a single arm pull test on the same day, the muscle activation patterns changed, and muscle groups were active according to their anatomical function and what has previously been described. First, variation of movement, flexibility and segmental training of the kinetic chain may be advantageous when incorporated with kayaking training to prevent shoulder injury risk factors in paddlers. Second, individual evaluation of three-dimensional boat kinematics and muscle recruitment timing provides objective insight into an individual's kayak technique, with potential benefits for improving technical performance and mechanical efficiency.
4
Bonetti, Darrell L. "Effect of brief-intermittent hypoxic exposure on high-intensity kayaking and cycling performance a thesis submitted to AUT University in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, February 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/330.
Testo completo
5
Dasril, Benderi. "The design, construction and assessment of a sprint kayaking balance training aid." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14854.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main purpose of this study was to develop and assess an on-land training aid for learning balance in sprint kayaking. The literature has shown the importance of biomechanical analysis and how training aids can provide a beneficial part in the learning process of new skills. An on-water experimental analysis was conducted on experienced paddlers to establish the kinematic characteristics and the centre of rotation position of the kayak-paddler system. From this analysis it was found that the kayak rolling motion is dependent on the paddler's ability and the centre of rotation of the kayak paddler system relative to the seat of the kayak was found to be between 10 cm - 13 cm above the seat. Findings from this analysis were interpreted into technical requirements and integrated into the design of the training aid. Once built the training aid prototype was evaluated by a series of testing and modification to enhance its ability to replicate the on-water kayak. The evaluation data showed that the stationary sprint kayak on-water medial-lateral rolling motion is affected by weight variations and further evaluation demonstrated that the training aid has the ability to replicate the motion for different weights. An experimental assessment on a group of beginners was carried out and the results showed that the training aid was able to facilitate the learning of balance in sprint kayaking. The experimental subjects who used the balance training aid had the same total number of sessions as the control subjects who learned to balance in the actual sprint kayak (experimental, 9 + 1 sessions; control, 9 + 1 sessions). However, the experimental subjects only spent half of the total number of sessions learning on-water (4 + 1 sessions) and the other half on the training aid (5 + 1 sessions).
6
Libell, Joel. "Naturturism i Höga kusten : Förutsättningar för naturturism i form av kajakpaddling i Höga kusten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-89604.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nature tourism in the High Coast of Sweden The conditions for nature tourism in the form of kayaking in the High Coast of Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate the conditions for nature tourism in the form of kayaking in the High Coast of Sweden. The work focused on examining: the impact of protected areas, logistics and security for the kayak activity, visible evidences from the last glacial period (Weichsel), isostatic uplift and coastal processes, and also time- and site specific environmental effects of kayaking. Three destinations were selected as the main investigation sites. In a protected area there are regulations that limits activities that may be carried out. Protected areas also promote outdoor recreation as a main goal. Logistics and security risks were documented for possible starting locations and routes. The results showed that evidences of glacial processes, isostatic uplift and coastal processes were visible at all three destinations. Trysunda showed the greatest presence of traces/kilometer. However, Trysunda was surveyed by hiking which may have affected the results. Trysunda showed the largest number of evidences of coastal processes, which may depend on the high exposure of this island to wave energy. At all three destinations environmental effects were found as abrasion on the vegetation as well as the disturbance of birds. The conclusion is that all three destinations represent good sites for the experience of distinct educational traces of glacial and postglacial processes. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that the kayaker should have some experience of previous kayaking. The kayaker can benefit from the free facilities established in the protected areas.
7
Pickett, Craig. "Factors determining 200-m kayak performance: Muscle strength, aerobic capacity, stroke kinematics and training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
200-m sprint kayaking requires repeated cyclic force production, and athletes typically incorporate resistance training programs aimed at improving muscular strength and power and the ability to produce high forces over the course of the race (i.e. 31-40 s). Whilst upper body strength and whole-body maximal oxygen uptake have been associated with faster race times in sub-elite athletes, it is not known whether strength and aerobic capacity, or changes in them, influence performances in high-level kayak athletes.
In Study 1 of the present thesis, relationships between isoinertial strength (i.e., bench press, bench row, chin-up and deadlift), VO2max, and 200-m race times were quantified in 22 national- and elite-level kayak athletes, including three Olympic finalists. Strong relationships were found between race time and both upper body strength (r = -0.81 to -0.73) and VO2max (r = -0.70), but not deadlift strength. However, isometric force testing might be of greater diagnostic value as it allows for the quantification of time-specific force production (i.e. matching the time available for force production within the stroke) at joint angles similar to those of the limbs during the kayak stroke.
Therefore, Study 2 examined relationships between lower-body isometric force and 200- m race times. Relationships between the mid-thigh pull force and 200-m race time were found to be poor-to-moderate (r = -0.49 to 0.07), suggesting (along with the results of Study 1) that maximal lower body force production might not be as closely associated with 200-m kayak time as upper body strength.
Whether performances in isometric bench press and bench row tests might be more associated with 200-m race time than isoinertial tests was then examined in Study 3. Despite limited test familiarisation, isometric force produced to time points >0.2 s after force onset were both reliable (ICCs > 0.91 to 0.97 for bench press measured to different time points) and strongly-to-very strongly related (r > -0.51 to -0.80) to both race times and performances in the corresponding isoinertial strength tests. However, relationships with race time for the isometric tests were of a similar magnitude to those of the isoinertial tests, and they thus provided no additional information than those tests.
In Study 4, pacing patterns and stroke kinetics were quantified during 200-m kayak races in 19 high- and elite-level athletes. The athletes executed “fast-start” pacing plans in which the acceleration rate to maximal velocity was a key determinant in race times (r=-0.95 ± 0.04). Further, better-performed athletes used higher stroke rates, although stroke rate did not discriminate between those better athletes. Within the cohort of faster athletes, stroke length (r=-0.48 to -0.85) and the effective work produced within each stroke (r = -0.81 to -0.95) were determining factors in final race times. Athletes who displayed lower fatigue-induced decrements in stroke length and effective work per stroke had faster race times.
In the final study, the effects of altering muscular strength on 200-m race time as well as changes in aerobic capacity and kayak technique were examined through the use of an 8-week eccentric-biased strength training (ECC-b) block as compared to their standard concentric-eccentric (CON-ECC) strength training. ECC-b led to greater improvements than CON-ECC in race time (adjusted mean difference: 1.86 s), stroke length (0.19 to 0.43 m), and effective work per stroke (14.7 to 19.1), total isoinertial strength (the sum of all lifts =15.3 kg), isometric strength (232 to 293 N) and absolute (0.18 Lmin-1) and relative VO2max (3.74 mL kg∙min-1). CON-ECC resulted in a reduced performance in the race time (? s) and some tests, perhaps due to training-induced fatigue.
When viewed collectively, the studies of the current thesis indicate that upper body muscular contractile force capacity and wholebody maximal oxygen uptake are key factors influencing 200-m kayak race time. These factors, as well as 200-m time and stroke effectiveness, were positively influenced by the completion of a block of heavy, eccentric-biased strength training even though the contraction mode and movement pattern of exercises was dissimilar to that of the kayak stroke. Future research might examine the effects of eccentric-biased strength training on performance in other sports such as cycling, swimming and rowing, which require the repeated performance of concentric muscular contractions
8
Kotvan, Michal. "Through The Archipelago." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stockholm archipelago has over the centuries been fairly unknown and anonymous place for many. Unless you were involved in fishing or trade you did not know much about this sea landscape. Besides its commercial value it had also a military significance for a long period. During Gustav Vasa’s reign Vaxholm was decided to consolidate in order to protect the entrance to Stockholm by sea. Up until mid 20th century it was occupied mainly by fishermen and farmers. It was a place where people lived, studied and worked because of its natural riches. In the early 1900s more and more land was bought by rich Stockholmers for recreation purposes. A new typology has appeared on the islands, great summer villas. Even artists and writers were drawn to this place, including August Strindberg, Bruno Liljefors and Gustaf Fröding. After WW II, the population in archipelago rapidly declined. It was mainly due to compulsory education. People were forced to seek places to settle on mainland where higher education facilities were located. It also offered a wider range of jobs. The islands were slowly transformed from agricultural land into recreational resorts for the rich. Nowadays, it is very popular summer holiday destination among Stockholmers and many others which is represented by 50 000 summer cottages that are spread out on many of the islands. It is becoming a luxury holiday destination with popular water sports and fast loud boats disturbing the natural habitat of archipelago. thesis The aim of this project is to better understand complex nature of Stockholm’s Archipelago, its inner working and relation between natural habitat and people. Through series of sensitive micro-interventions I would like to tell a story of archipelago, provide a “path“ to follow and explore this beautiful biotope. However, this should be achieved in meaningful and practical way. These small (temporary) structures range from a bench with a beautiful view of the sea, tree house library, public WC, floating sauna to a small desalination plant for residents as well as tourists. The objective is to provide a sustainable future experience of the Stockholm archipelago as well as education and information regarding preservation and protection of the environment.
9
Crowley, Joseph J. "Enduring Participation: Constraint Negotiation in the Establishment of Serious Leisure in Female Whitewater Kayakers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339610066.
Testo completo
10
Kroff, Jacolene. "The relationship between respiratory muscle fatigue, core stability, kinanthropometric attributes and endurance performance in competitive kayakers." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1079.
Testo completo
11
Шамрай, Б. Г. "Система загальної та спеціальної підготовки юних веслувальників на байдарках". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75963.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Розроблено методику вдосконалення швидкісних, силових та швидкісно-силових якостей, яка ефективно забезпечує розвиток загальної і спеціальної підготовки веслувальників 14–15 років на етапі попередньої базової підготовки. Набули подальшого розвитку відомості про доступні обсяги та інтенсивність тренувальних навантажень для спортсменів 14–15 років, що сприяють підвищенню спортивних результатів в обраному виді спорту.<br>Разработана методика совершенствования скоростных, силовых и скоростно-силовых качеств, которая эффективно обеспечивает развитие общей и специальной подготовки гребцов 14–15 лет на этапе предварительной базовой подготовки. Получили дальнейшее развития сведения о доступных объемах и интенсивность тренировочных нагрузок для спортсменов 14–15 лет, которые способствуют повышению спортивных результатов в избранном виде спорта.<br>The technique of improvement of speed, power and speed-power qualities is developed, which effectively ensures the development of general and special training of rowers of 14–15 years at the stage of preliminary basic training. They have further developed information about the available volumes and intensity of training loads for athletes 14–15 years, which contribute to improving sports performance in the selected sport.
12
Burden, Nicholas Anthony. "Rate of perceived exertion and profile of Mood State (POMS) in elite kayakers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25632.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sprint kayaking is prominent in Europe with training methods devised and adopted from Eastern bloc training systems. There is a lack of published research on sprint kayaking locally and internationally. Consequently, the aims of this research directly address establishing a relationship between kayak specific training and the Profile of Mood States (POMS); monitoring training duration and intensity and establish a link with the POMS and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE); to monitor the general wellness of the kayakers. Seven elite sprint kayakers (two male, five female) with the following characteristics: age 26.5 (1.4) years, training experience 8.4 (3.7) years were part of the South African national sprint kayaking squad selected to participate in this study, based on their preparation for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (one male athlete did not qualify but continued to train). The females trained for the 500m K1, K2 and K4 events and the male for the 1000m K1. Three training camps (TC1, TC2, TC3) were held from 12 November to 09 December 2007, 25 February to 22 March 2008 and 14 July to 04 August 2008. RPE (Borg Scale) was recorded for each session. The 65-item POMS was completed twice a week, after half a days rest (Wednesday) and after a day and half rest (Sunday). Daily training load was calculated from RPE and session time; and an energy index calculated from the POMS vigour and fatigue scores. The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey recorded illness and injury. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Friedman’s rank test for k correlated samples, The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Spearman rank-order correlations were used to analyse the data. Statistical significance was calculated at 5% (p=0.05) and 10% (p=0.1). The results showed higher vigour scores associated with lower RPE and low training load; and high RPE associated with higher anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and total mood disturbance scores. There was a relationship between increasing POMS scores and duration of the training camps. The POMS findings could not completely explain the relationship found between RPE and duration of the training camps. The energy index was higher pre-camp and the extended rest periods during the camps. The findings for the POMS and RPE suggested that a state of overreaching might have occurred during the camps. Monitoring of the kayakers for an extended period after the training camps would have been useful to determine whether any of these individuals became over-trained. In accordance with Kentta et al (2006), regular use of the POMS may help detect under recovery, preventing staleness and unwanted rest for extended periods. Future studies will enable a retrospective view on these results.<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences<br>unrestricted
13
Bohman, Lennart. "Energiförbrukning vid havspaddling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11081.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syfte med denna studie var att undersöka energiförbrukningen vid havspaddling. Energiförbrukningen undersöktes i vila och vid två olika hastigheter (4 och 7 km/h), först med en olastad och sedan med en lastad kajak (20 kg). Dessutom undersöktes hur det passiva motståndet förändrades vid successivt ökad hastigheten. Studien genomfördes i en försöksgrupp med jämn könsfördelning och med varierande ålder och paddlingserfarenhet. I studiens första del uppmättes försökspersonernas hjärtfrekvens i förhållande till syrgasupptag och koldioxidproduktion vid en successivt ökad belastning i en kajakergometer. För varje försöksperson kunde sedan en korrelationskurva beräknas mellan hjärtfrekvens och syrgasupptag. Utifrån den hjärtfrekvens som sedan försökspersonen hade under paddlingen kunde syrgasupptaget beräknas. Vid paddling med en olastad kajak och en hastighet av 4 km/h beräknades syrgasupptaget till 5 ml/kg/min. Vid en hastighet 7 km/h så ökade syrgasupptaget signifikant till 11.5 ml/kg/min (p< 0.05). Vid paddling med en lastad kajak så ökade syrgasupptaget signifikant från 6,5 ml/kg/min vid 4 km/h till 14,5 ml/kg/min (p< 0.05) vid 7 km/h. Om energiförbrukningen beräknas utifrån syrgasupptaget för en person på 75 kg skulle en paddelhastighet på 4 km/h innebära en förbrukning på 458 kJ (107,4 kcal/h) med en olastad kajak och 585 kJ (139.8 kcal/h) med en lastad kajak. Vid 7 km/h var motsvarande värden 1080 kJ (258 kcal/h) (olastad kajak) och 1350 kJ (322 kcal/h) (lastad kajak). Det passiva motståndet ökade exponentiellt med ökad hastighet.<br>The aim of this study was to examine energy consumption when sea kayaking. The energy consumption was examined at rest and at two different speeds (4 and 7 km/h respectively), first with an empty and then with a packed kayak (20 kg). Moreover, the kayaks’ passive drag in the water was measured in order to examine how this was influenced by the speed through the water. The study was implemented in a group of paddlers with even gender distribution but with varying age and experience. In the first part of the experiment, we measured the participants’ heart frequency, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production during gradually increased work load in a kayakergometer. For each test subject correlation curves were constructed from the recorded heart rate and oxygen uptake. Based on the persons heart rate during paddling, oxygen uptake was calculated using the individual regression equation which was calculated in the first part of the experiment. When paddling at 4 km/h with an unpacked kayak, the oxygen uptake was measured to 5 ml/kg/min. At 7 km/h, it increased significantly to 11.5 ml/kg/min (p< 0.05). Paddling with a packed kayak oxygen consumption increased to 6.5 ml/kg/min at 4 km/h and significantly to14.5 ml/kg/min at 7 km/h. If energy consumption is calculated on the basis of oxygen uptake for a person weighing 75 kg, at 4 km/h this corresponds to a consumption of 450 kJ (107.4 kcal/h) when kayaking with an unpacked kayak and 585 kJ (139.8 kcal/h) with a packed ditto. At 7 km/h, energy consumption was calculated to 1080 kJ (258 kcal/h) (empty kayak) and 1350 kJ (322 kcal/h) (packed kayak). The passive drag increased exponentially with increased speed.
14
Puchan, Heike. "Adventure sport, media and social/cultural change." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19359.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The turn of the millennium has heralded an explosion in the popularity of adventure sports often also referred to as alternative lifestyle sports or extreme sports. These are offering both new avenues and potential challenges to the traditional ways of conceptualising and practicing sport. This thesis analyses the development of adventure sports, in particular climbing and kayaking, as a subculture. It delivers a socio-economic history of climbing, analyses the role of the media in its development, its participation and its lived experience. Further it investigates the impact of globalisation, commercialisation and consumerism on adventure sports, and considers to what extent they are being brought into the mainstream as a result. The economic impact of participation in adventure sports is reviewed along with a study of how the make up of its participants has changed as the activities have become more accessible. Particular focus is placed on the analysis of the gender order, specifically looking at the experiences of women in adventure sports. For this purpose the sports culture found in climbing and kayaking is examined and the implications for the reconstruction of gender relations are considered. This study employs an ethnographic approach including both semi-structured and structured interviews with both adventure sports experts and participants, document and media analysis, participant observation and the more recent nethnography approach. One of the significant contributions of this thesis has been to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the social, cultural and media environment of arguably one of the most popular lifestyle sports in the UK. It has also shown the strong interrelationship that exists between the media and adventure sports, and has demonstrated how the increased commercialisation and commodification of the activity has resulted in economic development particularly in some remoter parts of the UK through the packaging and provision of the climbing experience. At the same time some participants see this is ‘selling out’. This research has demonstrated how women’s participation in adventure sports has been subject to marginalisation, sexualisation and trivialisation similar to other mainstream sports. However, this work has also highlighted that there is room for optimism as new discourses of femininity contrary to the traditional male hegemony are emerging. Further research opportunities have been identified concerning issues of ethnicity and participation; the social, cultural and economic relationships between adventure sportspeople and rural communities. Emerging feminist discourses also warrant further investigation.
15
Ginelli, Ludovic. "Jeux de nature, natures en jeu. Des loisirs aux prises avec l'écologisation des sociétés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0050/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aujourd’hui massivement pratiqués, les « sports et loisirs de nature » sont traversés par des tensions majeures à l’œuvre dans nos sociétés. Comment sont-ils remodelés par l’écologisation des sociétés, analysée ici comme un processus à la fois cognitif, normatif et politique ? Cette problématique est traitée à partir d’usages différents par leur histoire, leurs publics et leurs techniques (chasses anciennes, kayak de mer, chasse sous-marine et chasse à l’arc) mais travaillés par des processus analogues (naturalisation des espaces, sportivisation des usages) dans deux « hauts lieux de nature » en partie protégés, le bassin d’Arcachon et les Calanques de Marseille. Pour l’analyse de tels processus socio-environnementaux, nous avons opté pour une démarche pragmatiste, en retenant notamment les concepts-clés d’expérience, de trouble, d’enquête et de prise. La thèse défendue prend à contrepied le consensus écologique apparent : lorsqu’on les observe « en action », les normalisations écologiques actuelles créent davantage de tensions et de clivages au sein des collectifs d’usagers qu’elles ne les fédèrent. En situations de co-présence au quotidien, les usagers inscrits dans d’autres mondes sociaux que ceux de l’écologie et contrariés dans leurs « passions cognitives » se montrent ambivalents envers les normalisations écologiques. Ils sont partagés entre l'impératif social d’adhésion à l’exemplarité écologique et le rejet de ses appuis normatifs, individualisants et experts (« impact », « écocompatibilité » «écoresponsabilité »). Ces appuis normatifs sont particulièrement présents dans les espaces protégés (parc national des Calanques, réserve naturelle sur le bassin d’Arcachon), où l’écologisation est portée par des acteurs mandatés, les normes sont légales ou réglementaires et traduites en dispositifs de gestion. C’est seulement en tant qu’experts que certains usagers et porte-parole peuvent se faire entendre, sans que ne changent véritablement ni le collectif des participants, ni les manières de formuler les enjeux et les réponses à apporter. Au plan théorique, ces résultats interrogent certaines propositions du pragmatisme. D’un point de vue plus politique, ils nous amènent également à discuter les appuis normatifs des écologisations contemporaines<br>More and more practiced, “nature sports and leisure” are affected by strong tensions of our societies. How ecologisation of societies – a cognitive, normative and political process – redefines them? This issue is addressed on the basis of various uses (traditional hunting, sea kayaking, submarine fishing, bowhunting) all affected by similar processes (naturalization of places, sportivisation of activities) in two major “places of nature” partly protected, the Arcachon bay and the creeks of Marseille. To analyse these socio-environmental processes, we have chosen a pragmatist approach, particularly with the key-concepts of experience, trouble, inquiry and “prise”. Our thesis refutes the apparent ecological consensus: when they are observed “in actions”, ecological normalisations create more tensions and splits between users than they federate them. In everyday life situations of co-presence, the users aloofs towards ecology - who belong to others social spheres and annoyed in their “cognitive passions” - are ambivalents towards ecological normalisations. They are torn between the social imperative of being ecologically exemplary and the refusal of the individual and expert machinery (“impact”, “ecocompatibility”, “ecoresponsability”) of this process. These norms are particularly strong in the protected areas (national park of Creeks, nature reserve of the Arcachon bay), where mandated actors support ecologisation and legal norms or rules are included in management devices. So it is only as experts that some users and spokesmen can be heard without real changes in the group of participants, nor the framing of the issues and decision-making. At a theoretical level, these results question some assumptions of pragmatism. From a more political point of view, they lead to discuss the normative machinery of contemporary ecologisations
16
何維華. "Three-dimensional Analysis of Different Level Kayaking Stroke." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44470872732784152033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>運動教練研究所<br>84<br>Canoe is one of the most popular exercise in the world. Recently, more and more, scientific investigation on canoe has been done by many experts. However, three-dimensional analyses of world-class level athlete has not been done. To understand diomechanical behaviors for world-class level of canoe athlete is important because it may provide coath and athlete an objective and clear may to instruct their movement pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare three different levels of canoe athletes were world, national and deginning levels. The kinematics analyses included stroke lengh, trunk rotation angle, shoulder abduction angle and elbow flexion angles.
The results of angular comparisons in this study were shown significant difference (p<0.05). In addition, stroke length in this study was shown in significant difference among three groups of subjects. The results in this study indicated that the world-class athlete akullfully used his entire trunk rotation and arm movement.
Boimechancally, the world-class group of efficiently use Kinematics skull in stroking during canoe forward progression.
17
Sheng-Hsuing, Wang, and 王盛雄. "The Study of Whitewater Kayaking Sport Motivation and Development in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41641844702717427458.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士在職專班<br>98<br>Taiwan is famous for its beautiful scenery. In addition, it is an island and is rich of water resource. Therefore, it has large potential for developing recreation water sports. Whitewater Kayaking Sport in Taiwan has carried out for about 34 years since it was introduced by Professor He of Tunghai University in 1976. At beginning, due to the limitation of regulations, this sport didn’t catch people’s attention. It wasn’t thriving until our government realized the importance of maritime sports. The purpose of this study was to probe for the motivation and development of whitewater kayaking sport in Taiwan and further to make conclusions.
In order to analyze the data collected, the case study adopted Literature Analysis, Historical Research Method, Fieldwork Research and interview. The results were as follows:
1. White water kayaking sports were player-controlled. Taking part in white water kayaking sports could help us enjoy the joy from the nature. This sport needed players to work together. In addition, it could help players train their skills and guts and develop team spirit.
2. White water kayaking sports didn’t start to develop until Professor Ho of Tonghai University came back from America. Many associations of white water kayaking sports have been established since 1988, which was also the foundation of white water kayaking sports in Taiwan.
3. White water kayaking sports in Taiwan were mainly advocated by non-official organizations. The regulations of management in water sports needed revising in order to get more people involved.
4. Discarded dams and excessive development made the qualities of rivers worse. They also influenced the safety of white water kayaking sports and the feelings of white water kayaking players.
5. Safety is the most important as it was mentioned in the interview and the literature review.
According to the conclusions of this study, suggestions were offered as references to whitewater kayaking sport in Taiwan and to further studies.
18
Wu, Li-Wei, and 吳立偉. "The Assessment on Stream Leisure Potential of Whitewater Canoeing and Kayaking." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68593381189140349269.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>中華大學<br>營建管理研究所<br>97<br>Taiwan is an island full of mountains and rivers. The rivers originate in tall mountains, meander through the forest and enter the plain. The rivers themselves and the riverside environment have continued to provide diversified leisure and recreational functions. Nowadays, canoeing and kayaking are gaining in popularity among all of the leisure activities, and are affecting the development and promotion of local economies. This study attempts to analyze and evaluate the potential of developing canoe/kayak activities, based on the evaluation model developed by Huang et al. (2008)[1], which provided an index for evaluating the development of canoeing/kayaking sites on Taiwan rivers. The methods of linear summation and grey relational analysis were used. The aim is to define future operational planning for these activities, and provide a legitimate basis for leisure site development.
Five renowned canoeing/kayaking rivers in Taiwan were used for status investigation, in order to explore their respective leisure value and potential: Wulai-Nanshi Creek, Nantou-Shuili Creek, Kaohsiung- Laonong Creek, Kaohsiung-Zhuokou Creek, and Hualien-Siouguluan River. The results showed that: (1) Of the special site conditions under the four major aspects proposed by Huang et al. (2008)[2], “water quality” and “water temperature” indicated no discriminant validity, and hence were deleted; (2) In terms of the linear summation, overall evaluation indicated that different survey points demonstrated different environmental properties, as well as different potential and values; (3) Based on the analysis, the leisure potential of the five rivers, ranked in descending order, were: Siouguluan River > Zhuokou Creek > Nanshi Creek > Laonong Creek > Shuili Creek.
19
Laia, Francisca Dias. "The effectiveness of cold in post-exercise recovery in sprint kayaking." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82653.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina<br>Study design: Prospective observational cohort study.Background and aims: In kayak sprint competitions the athletes often do several races in a brief period of time with a small period to recover. High performance training also involves daily training sessions with high volume and intensity. Cold is used in sports as a quick and easy recovery method therefore the goal of the current study is to analyze the impact of a cooling vest in the recovery of elite sprint kayakers using blood lactate concentrations, Borg’s RPE scale, subjective measurements and thermography which is a non-radiating and contact-free technology used to monitor skin temperature. Methods: Ten elite sprint kayakers (21.63 ± 2.85 years old; height, 177.9 ± 7.33 cm; body mass, 75.18 ± 7.33 kg; 10.19 ± 4.65 % fat mass) completed, in kayak ergometer, on two days apart the same protocol except for the active rest, in which, randomly, in one of them used a cold vest (Inuteq Siku PAC® & H2O®). Each moment was performed in a room with controlled temperature (20.93°C to 21.22°C) and humidity (66.04% to 68.90%) and consisted in 15 min of acclimatization, warm-up, 5 times 5 min (at 75% maximal average power (MAP) in 4 min test), 15 min of active rest at 40% MAP, 15 min of passive rest and finally a 500 m maximal test. On both moments it was determined the blood lactate concentration, the core temperature assessed by urine temperature, skin temperature above latissimus dorsi muscle using thermography and it was asked the rating of perceived exertion (Borg’s RPE Scale) and recovery (0 to 10 scale with 10 representing completely recovered).Results: There was no significant difference between the performance in 500 m maximal test in the two moments. However, the athlete’s subjective perception of recovery was significantly higher with vest (p<0.01). The blood lactate concentration was significantly lower after the active recovery using the cold vest (p<0.05) as well as skin temperature (p<0.01) and core temperature 15 minutes after the active rest (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the use of a cooling vest during active rest after training or competition can improve recovery. It can be interesting to test it in on-water situation.<br>Desenho do estudo: estudo observacional, tipo coorte prospectivo. introdução e objectivos: Nas competições de canoagem de velocidade, os atletas realizam várias provas com pouco tempo de recuperação. O treino de alta competição inclui, também várias sessões de treino diárias com um grande volume e elevada intensidade. A utilização do frio como um método de recuperação de rápida e fácil utilização é vasta. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as alterações provocadas pelo uso do frio através da termografia de infravermelhos, uma tecnologia que permite, de forma não invasiva, avaliar alterações na temperatura da pele.Materiais e métodos: Dez canoístas de elite (idade, 21,63 ± 2,85 anos; estatura, 177,9 ± 7,33cm; massa corporal, 75,18 ± 7,33kg; % massa gorda, 10,19 ± 4,65%) completaram, em kayak ergómetro, em dois dias separados, o mesmo protocolo com exceção da recuperação ativa, no qual, de forma randomizada, num dos momentos utilizaram um colete de frio (Inuteq Siku PAC® & H2O®). Ambos os momentos de estudo foram realizados numa sala com temperatura (20,93°C a 21,22°C) e humidade (66,04% a 68,90%) controladas. O protocolo consistia em 15 min de aclimatização, aquecimento, 5 séries de 3 min (a 75% da potência máxima média (PMM) num teste de 4 min), 15 min de recuperação ativa a 40% da PMM, 15 min de descanso passivo e, um teste de simulação de prova de 500m. Em ambos os protocolos do estudo, foi avaliada a temperatura no músculo latissimus dorsal, bilateralmente, com termografia de infravermelhos em 5 momentos, foi feita a medição da concentração de lactato sanguíneo, da temperatura central através da temperatura da urina e inquirida, antes da realização da série de simulação de prova, a perceção subjetiva de recuperação (escala de 0 a 10, em que 10 indica recuperação total).Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os testes de simulação nde prova de 500m. Contudo, a perceção subjetiva de recuperação foi significativamente mais alta aquando do uso de colete (p <0,01). A concentração de lactato sanguíneo foi significativamente mais baixa após a recuperação ativa com colete do que sem colete (p<0,05) bem como a temperatura central antes da série de simulação (p<0,05). A temperatura da pele após a recuperação ativa com colete foi significativamente menor aquando do uso do colete (p <0,01). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o uso de um colete de frio durante a recuperação ativa após uma competição ou treino pode acelerar o processo de recuperação. Poderá ser interessante testar a eficácia deste método em condições reais de treino ou provas.
20
Nickel, Robert H. "The development of a filming technique for the Eskimo roll in kayaking." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19305.
Testo completo
21
Chang, Tsu-Te, and 張祖德. "The development and challenge of Sea Kayaking Sport in Pescadores (Penghu Islands）." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57578496485531934096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>國立澎湖科技大學<br>觀光休閒事業管理研究所<br>100<br>Although kayaking and canoeing sports have been proliferating in Taiwan in the past decade, studies were only focusing on the white water rafting and general concepts of kayaking/canoeing sports. Related studies of sea kayaking are somewhat in scarcity. The current study attempted to discuss the potentials and obstacles of promoting sea kayaking in Penghu Islands considering with the correlative references. Sea kayaking has been defined as a marine based, adventured, seriously leisured, and Eco-toured sport. The data were collected by interviewing 10 experienced kayakers from January to March 2012 and the interview records were processed using the “Grounded Theory” of qualitative research. The data were analyzed by open coding, axial coding, and selection coding and inducted into 353 conceptual labels, 48 keywords, 11 categories and 4 central categories. The results indicated that creating an “ocean-friendly atmosphere” for most of domestic residents is essential which also links to four central categories as well. Based on the results, we suggested that realizing the importance of “ocean-friendly atmosphere” is critical for the government when dealing with marine tourism industry. Marine sports and recreation would be favored and marketable as people are well-educated in marine science related knowledge, marine environmental conservation, and capability of handling water. The precious marine recreational resources including 90ish islands and islets, 320 kilometers of coastline, and a verity of bays and harbors can be the stage for sea kayaking and other marine sports and activities.
22
Chieh, Huang Hsin, and 黃昕絜. "Constructing Site Selection Assessment Model for Developing Whitewater Kayaking and Canoeing in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43259541042649792033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>臺北巿立體育學院<br>運動科學研究所<br>96<br>The purpose of this study was constructing site selection assessment model for developing whitewater kayaking and canoeing in Taiwan. According to the Delphi Method (DM) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), researcher combined twice DM and one AHP questionnaire of 16 expert’s to build assess factors, model and weight of factors.
The result of this research: 1.construct evaluation model of three sections-
the first section has 4 attributes: a) nature scenery; b) characteristics of the body water; c) management of condition; d) technical requirements; the second section has 9 attributes like “element of aesthetic felling”; and the third section has 42 factors like “overall impression of the area”.2. the result of indicators weight by AHP: the most important attribute is “nature scenery” in the first section; the second section is “natural ecology” ;and the third section is “wild nature”.
For government, enterprise and research could reference this model to select nature place of whitewater kayaking and canoeing in Taiwan.
23
Cuninghame, Neil Mark. "An investigation to identify changes in power of the kayaking stroke following manipulation of the cervical spine in asymptomatic kayakers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/468.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, submitted to the Faculty of Health at the Durban University of Technology, 2009.<br>Although kayaking is an Olympic sport and said to be one of the top ten
growth sports in America, relatively little literature has been written on it by
sports scientists and there is a paucity of available literature. Previous
research has described the effects of spinal manipulation on muscles at
distant sites to the joint being manipulated, and there have been trends which
have shown a positive increase in strength and in muscle activity at these
sites. There has, however, been a lack of literature to show that these positive
trends would influence sporting performance in any way.
30 volunteer kayakers, who train and compete on a regular basis, were
actively recruited and randomly allocated into one of three groups. Group 1
received manipulation on a fixated cervical segment, group 2 on a non-fixated
cervical spine segment, and group 3 received placebo laser to the posterior
cervical area. Subjects were then required to complete two 200m sprint tests
on a kayak ergometer. Measurements were taken pre and post manipulation
and included maximum watts recorded for the duration of the sprint test and
time taken to complete 200m.
Although no statistically significant results were found between the groups,
trends revealed that in group 1, which received spinal manipulation on a
fixated joint, there was an increase in the mean peak watts post manipulation,
as compared to the placebo and non-fixated groups which showed a
decrease in peak watts post manipulation.
Group 1 also demonstrated a mean decrease in time taken to complete the
second 200m sprint test. Group 2 and 3 again showed an increase in time
taken to complete the second sprint test post manipulation.
iv
It is, therefore, concluded that manipulation of a fixated cervical joint in
asymptomatic kayakers results in an increase in performance, although it
must be noted that these were only trends and that there was no statistical
significance in these results. This research has, furthermore, opened the door
to future studies which may test the performance enhancing benefits of
competitive sports such as kayaking.
24
Cheu, Chan-Wen, and 邱展文. "Investigation of current status for recreative water sports in Taitung County-the samples of surfing, diving and kayaking." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18697210091274546211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>國立臺東大學<br>體育學系碩士班<br>93<br>Investigation of current status for recreative water sports in Taitung County-the samples of surfing, diving and kayaking
National Taitung University Department of Physical Education Chan-Wen Cheu
Date：July/2005 Advisor：Wei- Shan Sui
ABSTRACT
Since government implemented the “2-day weekend” policy, it seemed to open a window for recreative sports to people. Taitung owned unique scenery and various natural resources in water area. It was a good place for people to enjoy leisure and outdoor water sports. The main purposes of this study were to investigate Taitung current situation of water sports such as surfing, diving and kayaking, and tried to understand the difficulties and potentials for future development. The conclusion of this study as follows:
1.The development of surfing was not too long in Taitung but only few people promoted on this activity so far. However, the weather and environment in Taitung was quite suitable to the water sport, especial the north-easter wind from October to next March each year.
2.Diving was an attractive sport and had a long management in Taitung. It was the most popular water sport in Taitung. There were two best diving area at offshores islands, Greed island and Orchid island, were reported by mass media. It brought huge tourists and ecological problems to face and solve.
3.Kayaking was a potential sport in Taitung. People could enjoy after practicing. Number of participators increased in past two year. Taitung University had hold activities made people can joined more.
Taitung have tasty scenery. While Taitung county government is trying to promote sightseeing, water sports can be introduced as specialty and attraction of Taitung. For long term management, government need to think effect sales strategy for people to visit Taitung through multiple channels. Meanwhile, to emphasis the important of ecological and environment protection upon visiting for sustainable development . Basing on the conclusion, the research expected to provide further points of view and suggestions to relative sectors for Taitung to develop water sports and hope those sports can be parts of Taitung’s attraction someday.
Key word: Taitung County, water, recreative sports
25
Lu, Jing-Ping, and 呂靖平. "The Development and Prospect of Kayaking Sport In Eastern Coast of Taiwan— Focus on Yilan Dong-ao Bay." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wm5zky.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>休閒產業經營學系<br>107<br>The objective of this study was to understand the current and future development of kayaking on the east coast of Taiwan, the scope of this study is focused on Dong-ao Bay, Yilan County. By studying the development of kayaking in this area we are able to explore factors that affected the development of the sport in the past and affect it at present. To achieve the aforementioned objective, we used literature analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews, the interview subjects are seven legal kayaking operators from a list provided by the Yilan County Government and one government management personnel.
The study results show as following:
(1) Dong-ao Bay’s kayaking development can be divided into three stages, the budding period, the development period, and the rapid development period. Very few people were involved with the sport during the budding period (1976-2011) and kayaking mainly took the form of individuals or small groups, the scale of kayaking development during the budding period was not large; The development period (2011-2016) showed a larger sport development scale, comprehensive sport procedure and content was developed during this period; The third rapid development stage (2016 to now) shows a large development scale and took on a commercial form, commercialization and competition have intensified, thereby driving growth in the industry.
(2) Factors that affect the development of kayaking on the east coast of Taiwan can be discussed in two parts, the external social power and internal development factors. External social power is composed of three affecting factors, government, economics, and culture; Analysis shows that internal development factors include personnel training, organization management, legality, and industry competition.
(3) Future kayaking development strategy on the east coast of Taiwan requires both external and internal improvement strategies.
We suggest the following recommendations based on the aforementioned study results:
(1) When setting laws and policies, government agencies must consider whether the laws and policies are appropriate, whether these laws and policies are based on long-term development, whether the management agency has professional competence, and whether recommendations from professionals have been considered.
(2) In a competitive market, kayak promotion groups must provide better services, quality, and professional skills, standardized conventions and handling measures must be set up between groups for group members to follow; a certification system for legal operators and coaches must be established to maintain the development of kayaking.
(3) Follow-up research can explore recent overall developments in Taiwan’s kayaking, comparing Taiwan’s kayaking development to that of kayaking in other countries, and the benefits/feasibility of integrating kayaking into local education, studies such as these can further the development of kayaking in Taiwan.
Key Words: Eastern coast of Taiwan, Yilan Dong-ao Bay, Kayaking sport, The development of sport, Ocean sport.
26
Vivier, Thornton. "The immediate effect of thoracic spine manipulation on power output, speed and stroke rate in paddlers." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters’ Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.<br>Background: Kayaking performance can be improved either through reducing drag of the boat or increasing propulsion (Michael et al., 2009). In order to increase propulsion, biomechanical efficiency is required. The trunk muscles have been highlighted as having an important role in the paddler’s stroke. Due to their relationship with the thoracic spine, dysfunction of the movement of the thoracic vertebrae could negatively impact the ability of the trunk muscles to work effectively. Spinal manipulation is used to restore joint range of motion and this has been shown to have a positive effect on the surrounding muscles. Limited studies have investigated the effect of spinal manipulation on performance outcomes, specifically in paddlers.
Objective: To determine the effect of lower thoracic spine manipulation, of T7 - T12 vertebrae, compared to sham laser, on the mean power (watts) of a paddler’s stroke, the time taken (seconds) to paddle a 200m distance and stroke rate (strokes/min).
Method: This study was designed as a pre-test, post-test experiment, involving 30 asymptomatic, male paddlers from Durban. Participants were divided into an intervention group, receiving spinal manipulation to the lower thoracic spine between T7 - T12 or a control group receiving sham laser. Participants performed a 200m sprint on a kayak ergometer followed by a timed five minute break, during which, the interventions were administered. This was followed by a second 200m sprint on the kayak ergometer post-intervention. Outcome measures were average power (watts), time taken to paddle a 200m sprint on a kayak ergometer (seconds) and stroke rate (strokes per minute).
Conclusion: Lower thoracic spine manipulation did not result in a significant change in average power, time taken to paddle 200m on a kayak ergometer or stroke rate. Future studies are necessary to investigate the trends observed.<br>M
27
Gomes, Adrian Neil. "A Comparison of upper and lower limb exercise in canoeists using the heart rate and oxygen consumption relationship." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6389.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The heart rate achieved with maximal upper limb exercise is quoted as being on average thirteen beats per minute lower than when performing maximal leg exercise. Many canoeists use heart rate monitors during training and seek advice on setting their heart rate training zones. Existing guidelines are based on lower limb-derived heart rates, which may not be appropriate. As canoeists use predominantly their upper limbs during canoeing, it was hypothesized that as their upper limbs are trained, they
may achieve heart rates and oxygen consumption similar to those achieved with lower limb exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption when exercising on either a kayak ergometer or treadmill.
Fifteen volunteer canoeists, who compete regularly, were recruited by convenience, purposive sampling and randomly allocated to a V02max test using open circuit spirometry, on either a kayak ergometer or treadmill. They returned within 5 to 7 days for a V02max test on the other apparatus. Their heart rates were also measured during these activities. The heart rate oxygen consumption relationship for upper and lower
limb exercise was then analysed.
Maximum heart rate was on average only 6 beats per minute lower with upper limb exercise, with some subjects achieving the same or very similar HRmax; the median difference in heart rate maximum was only 4 beats per minute. Although the response of heart rate and oxygen consumption to kayaking and running was similar at any given workload, the heart rate on the kayak was about 8 beats per minute higher at any submaximal workload. V02max. on the kayak was lower than on the treadmill. At
any metabolic equivalent, the tidal volume was lower on the kayak and there was a lower respiratory rate on the treadmill. At any tidal volume, the metabolic equivalent was lower on the kayak ergometer. The minute volume on the kayak was higher than on the treadmill, for all but the highest intensities of exercise. Using the leg heart rate max to determine the training zones, a slightly higher (negligible) percentage of arm V0max is achieved at any given percentage heart rate.
Kayakers who train regularly, appear to be able to attain similar maximum heart rates with upper and lower limb exercise, but a lower V02max when exercising with their arms. The heart rate oxygen consumption response is the same for upper and lower body exercise; and a reduced HRmax and increased heart rate at any sub maximal workload do not appear to apply to canoeists.
It is therefore concluded that heart rate training zones based on leg HRmax are suitable for kayak training. This study has helped distinguish the difference between the heart rates of the upper and lower limbs at any given oxygen consumption in canoeists. The benefits of performing this study have also been to provide better advice to canoeists on how to train using heart rate monitors.<br>Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
28
Gerčáková, Daniela. "Komparace vybraných antropometrických parametrů závodníků kvadriatonu a rychlostní kanoistiky." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339627.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Title: Comparison of selected anthropometric parameters of competitive quadrathletes and racing kayakers. Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the somatotype and anthropometric characteristics in elite athletes in marathon kayakers and quadrathletes. Methods: This research included the analysis and comparison of two groups of athletes. Using the Heath-Carter system of measurement, somatotypes were calculated using the computer formula, 'Somatotype - Calculation and Analysis'. Body composition was determined through the use of skinfold calipers SK in conjunction with noninvasive bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Specifically, the Tanita 980 MS and BIA 2000 measurement units. Results: Two research samples were developed (speed kayakers as one, quadrathletes as the other), whose results (set average) were compared. On the basis of anthropometric data and calculations, it was found that both research samples corresponded in their somatotype category, ectomorphic mesomorph. According to this research, the speed kayakers (with a focus on marathon distances), are generally taller and heavier than the quadrathlete sample, yet had relatively less body fat. Keywords: Somatotype, body composition, BIA, skinfold, quadrathlon, flatwater kayaking
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Davídek, Pavel. "Ovlivnění maximálního výkonu na kajakářském trenažéru metodou Dynamické neuromuskulární stabilizace u rychlostních kajakářů." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this thesis is to identify the effect of trunk stabilization training based on Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) on maximum kayak ergometer power output and reported self-disability in the shoulder girdle area. METHOD: Thirty flatwater kayakers of both genders (17 - 25 years old) were randomly divided into two groups. Crossover design was used for this study. Subjects in the experimental group (group A) integrated DNS exercises into standard flatwater training during the first phase. The control group (group B) conducted only common flat water training at the same time. After 6 weeks, the groups were switched. Then group B underwent the same DNS exercise with the same intensity and the same time. The intervention was the same for both phases and took 6 weeks. Group A performed only standard off-season training during the second phase. The maximum power output on kayak ergometer was measured three times (before study, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) were analyzed at the same time. RESULTS: Initially, no significant differences in maximum power output on kayak ergometer and the DASH questionnaire score were identified between the groups. During the first phase the experimental group (group A) improved the maximum...
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Busta, Jan. "Porovnání výsledků aerobní zátěžové diagnostiky při jízdě na slalomovém kajaku s klikovou ergometrií horních končetin." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342896.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Title: Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayak paddling whith crank ergometry of upper limbs. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic execise diagnostics of 6 elite kayakers (white water slalom) when paddling of flat water with crank ergometry of upper limbs. The results obtained when paddling on flat water were also compared with results obtained when paddling in the pool with counter (bachelor thesis). Based on the results we wanted to answer the question about the possible use specific forms of stress diagnosis (spiroergometry) in routine practice of training proces. Methods: We used standardized laboratory spiroergomtry stress test at crank ergometry of upper limbs and spiroergometry stress test when paddling on flat water of the same protocol. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both test we used mobile spiroergometry equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sporttester Polar. Feedback of probands were identified based on suervey with closed questions. Results: Testing kayakers reached when paddling on flat water the average functional values: heart rate (HR) 188,5 (±8,77) beats per minute, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max.) 56 ml.kg.min-1 (±6.31); maximum ventilation (VMAX.) 127.31 l.min-1 (±15.16);...