Articoli di riviste sul tema "Karl Gustav von"

In the article of Oleh Shepetyak «Dramatic Theology of K. Barth, H.U. von Balthasar and R. Schwager» the analysis of one of the theological concepts of XX - the beginning of XXI century was performed which was developed by Karl Barth, Gustav Aulén, Gans Urs von Balthasar and got the name «dramatic theology». This way of theological reflection appeared as antithesis to liberal theology developed in the dialogue with the Enlightment philosophy. The contribution of main creators of dramatic theology into the development of this study, its role and meaning in Theological discussions of the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council are highlighted in the investigation

The reopening of the University of Tartu (1802) fell into the period when the society’s needs for science and educated people were increasing rapidly. Universities became the most important research institutions, and their lecturers were not merely teachers but professional scientists. German higher education fostered ties with the most significant research centres of that time’s world. The current article views the pioneering embryological research done at the Old Anatomical Theatre, which has made the names of these scientists known in the whole world and brought honour and fame to the University of Tartu. The article describes the embryological studies by Karl Friedrich Burdach, Martin Heinrich Rathke, Carl Bogislaus Reichert, Ernst Reissner, Emil Woldermar Rosenberg, Carl Wilhelm von Kupffer, Arthur Boettcher (Böttcher), Karl Dietrich Barfurth, Maximilian Gustav Christian Carl Braun, August Antonius Rauber and Nikolai Czermak.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Anlässlich seines 170. Geburtstages soll Carl Wernicke als Hauptvertreter einer neurobiologischen Psychiatrie im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert gewürdigt werden. Anliegen der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, mögliche Beziehungen Wernickes und der „Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard (WKL) Schule“ zur „Erlanger Schule“ der Psychiatrie näher zu beleuchten. Methoden: Primär- und Sekundärliteratur wurden unter dem Aspekt der Hypothesenprüfung ausgewertet. Quellenarbeit erfolgte. Ergebnisse: Wernickes Bemühen um die klinische Umsetzung seines nosologischen Systems wurde von seinem jüngsten Hallenser Schüler Karl Kleist (1879–1960) fortgesetzt. Nach Wernickes frühem Unfalltod wurde Kleist zum Schüler Gustav Spechts (1860–1940) in Erlangen. Geprägt von der „Erlanger Schule“ Spechts entwickelte der spätere Kleist-Schüler Karl Leonhard (1904–1988) auf der Grundlage der Forschungen Wernickes und Kleists eine sehr differenzierte Aufteilung endogener Psychosen. Diskussion: Die von Specht begründete klassische „Erlanger Schule“ der Psychiatrie stellt möglicherweise ein Bindeglied in der Entwicklung der „Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard Schule“ dar. Wernickes Beschreibung der „Angstpsychose“ veranlasste Specht zu einer Abhandlung über den Angstaffekt im „manisch-depressiven Irresein“. Diese wiederum regte Karl Leonhard zu seiner späteren Konzeption der „Angst-Glücks-Psychose“ an. Generell hatte Leonhard unter Spechts Leitung ein Gespür für Bipolaritäten als entscheidenden Aspekt seines späteren Konzeptes der zykloiden Psychosen entwickelt. Spechts Darstellung zum „pathologischen Affekt“ in der Paranoia beeinflusste das Leonhardsche Konzept der „affektvollen Paraphrenie“. Schluss: Moderne Verfahren der funktionellen Bildgebung eröffnen dem Lokalisationsgedanken Wernickes neue Perspektiven. Die naturwissenschaftlich-philosophische „Doppelausrichtung“ der WKL-Schule kann zu einer erneut vermehrten Integration von philosophischen Elementen (Ethik, Religiosität, Spiritualität) im psychiatrisch-psychosomatischen und psychotherapeutischen Berufsfeld anregen.

This essay serves as the introduction to the authors’ translation of Karl Knies’ essay “Die nationaloekonomische Lehre vom Werth” (1855). Knies is one of the acknowledged founders of the Older German Historical School, and yet in recent years several writers have described his 1855 essay as seminal in the evolution of marginal utility analysis. The authors examine how Knies develops his nascent theory of marginal reasoning in his essay, arguing that rather than cling to his earlier historicist programmatic, Knies attempts to discover general laws; however, not by strict causal analysis but by a typical ‘German art’ of taxonomy and classification that resembles juridical argumentations. This results in an ambiguous text, which influenced several marginalist pioneers who studied under Knies at Heidelberg (including Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, and John Bates Clark), as well as several members of the Younger German Historical School (including Gustav von Schmoller).

The era of the French Revolution and the Napoleon Wars left a deep mark not only on political, social, and cultural life in German-speaking Europe, but also on German academic historiography as it emerged over the course of the nineteenth century. Both before and after the formation of theKaiserreich, professional historians like Leopold von Ranke, Johann Gustav Droysen, Heinrich von Sybel, and Heinrich von Treitschke sought in their scholarship to justify Prussia's leadership role in Germany, and the French revolutionary and Napoleonic years figured centrally in this effort. For Friedrich Meinecke, writing in the Wilhelmine years, a remembrance of this era was crucial if Germany was to retain its intellectual and moral bearings: “One thing is clear: the survival and continuity of German intellectual life is somehow related to the events between 1807 and 1815—the liberation of Germany from foreign rule, and the transformation of Prussia, her most powerful state, into a freer, more national political entity.” InDas Zeitalter der deutschen Erhebung(1906), Meinecke related the process by which the formerly apolitical, individualistic musings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and Johann Gottlieb Fichte were given practical, political implementation in the reforms of Karl vom Stein, Karl von Hardenberg, and Gerhard von Scharnhorst, and then in the Wars of Liberation: “By descending to the state, the spirit not only preserved its own endangered existence as well as that of the state, it secured a reservoir of moral and psychological wealth, a wellspring of creative power for later generations.”

Anhand möglicher und erwiesener personeller Verbindungen, aufgrund von quellenkritischen Überlegungen ebenso wie mittels musikalischer Analysen wird erörtert, inwiefern die Kenntnis von Werken Palestrinas Bachs eigene Kompositionen beeinflusste. Daran anknüpfend wird besprochen, inwieweit das Vorbild von Palestrinas stile antico für mitteldeutsche Komponisten der Bach-Generation überhaupt bedeutend war. Besonders findet Johann G. Walther Erwähnung. Ausgehend von neu aufgefundenen Palestrina-Manuskripten aus Bachs Notenbibliothek, die nachweislich mit Walther in Verbindung stehen, wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwiefern der Austausch des Weimarer mit dem Weißenfelser Hof mit seiner belegbaren Palestrina-Pflege Anstoß für die Auseinandersetzung beider Komponisten mit dem Italiener war. Erwähnte Artikel: Karl Gustav Fellerer: J. S. Bachs Bearbeitung der Missa sine nomine von Palestrina. BJ 1927, S. 123-132 Barbara Wiermann: Bach und Palestrina. Neue Quellen aus Johann Sebastian Bachs Notenbibliothek. BJ 2002, S. 9-28 Daniel R. Melamed: Bach und Palestrina - Einige praktische Probleme I. BJ 2003, S. 221-224 Barbara Wiermann: Bach und Palestrina - Einige praktische Probleme II. BJ 2003, S. 225-228

Il nato romanista svizzero, prof. Gustav Ineichen ha festeggiato i suoi 60 anni e per l'occasione ha avuto come donum natalicium assieme agli auguri un'ampia eric­ ca rac.colta di lavori linguistici. Benché con ritardo, vorrebbe inserirsi alia Tabula gratulatoria che introduce il volume anche Linguistica, Ia quale ebbe onore, nel suo 26. o volume, di ospitare uno studio del Festeggiato sulla caratterizzazione tipologi­ca del francese.

Karl Amadeus Hartmann, während des Dritten Reichs in der inneren Emigration und nach eigener Aussage Verweigerer jeglicher Öffentlichkeit in Hitlerdeutschland, schrieb die Schauspielmusik zu William Shakespeares "Macbeth" für eine Produktion des Bayerischen Staatsschauspiels im März 1942. In der gesamten Münchner Presse wurde Hartmanns Musik mit hoher Anerkennung aufgenommen; man sprach von einer Veroperung der Inszenierung. Hartmanns musikalische Dramaturgie, die sich inhaltlich auf die "Macbeth"-Interpretation Gustav Landauers stützt, konstituiert sich in einer Vielzahl flexibler musikalischer Motive und kleiner Nummern, für die er eine Instrumentalbesetzung symphonischen Ausmaßes vorsah, fallweise erweitert durch solistische und chorische vokale Elemente. Mit diesem Netzwerk stand Hartmann ein Instrumentarium zur Verfügung, das ihm auf der musikalischen Ebene, über die Vorgaben der Textebene hinaus, ein entschiedenes Eingreifen in den szenischen Text und damit eine eigenständige Interpretation jenseits der Lesart des Regisseurs ermöglichte, um in einer zweiten Schicht über der ersten eine deutlich auf das aktuelle nationalsozialistische Zeitgeschehen bezogene politische Stellungnahme zu etablieren. Durch Zitate verknüpfte Hartmann die "Macbeth"-Musik mit seinen ab 1933 entstandenen Werken und den in ihnen eingekapselten Kodierungen, die seine Art des Widerstands gegen das NS-Regime reflektieren. Gleichwohl musste er den Vorwurf riskanter Subversion nicht fürchten: einerseits, weil die wenigen Uraufführungen seiner Werke dieser Zeit im europäischen Ausland stattfanden, demnach nicht an die deutsche Öffentlichkeit gelangt waren, andererseits, weil er in einer geschickten Doppeldramaturgie seine eigentliche, chiffrierte Botschaft hinter einem äußeren Konzept verbarg, das den Normen der NS-Ästhetik nicht zuwiderlief.

<p class="Standard"><span lang="EN-GB">The academic character of the article is connected with the attempt to answer the question asked in the title: Utopia without the law – is it possible? The theoretical arguments provided by the author lead to an affirmative answer to this question and allow for formulating the following thesis: there is no utopia without the law. The law is not only present in utopias, both positive and negative ones (anti-utopias and dystopias) but also, to a great extent, determines their existence and functioning. As a result, it links utopian thinking to reality. Any answer to this question is possible and justifiable in the academic discourse. According to the author of this article not only the law is present in the utopia but the law in the utopia must exist. The essence of the law in utopias is justice, but there is not justice in utopias without wisdom. The Bible, Roman law and philosophical and legal reflection were the sources of an approach to law for the creators of utopia. Referring to the views of such thinkers as: Plato, Immanuel Kant, Rudolf von Ihering, Gustav Radbruch, Karl R. Popper, Bronisław Baczko, the author states that the law is an integral part of both worlds: the utopian world and real world. So, there is not utopia without the law as an idea of jusctice, implemented into the social life of the people who are intelligent beings.</span></p>

OD SPORU DO KSIĘGOZBIORU, CZYLI O POSEKULARYZACYJNEJ GENEZIE I ROZWOJU IDEI GROMADZENIA LITERATURY FACHOWEJ W DAWNYM ARCHIWUM PAŃSTWOWYM WE WROCŁAWIU STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU DO 1945 ROKUTrudności w utworzeniu biblioteki archiwalnej w pierwszych latach istnienia Archiwum na skutek sporów między archiwistą J.G.G. Büschingiem a dyrektorem Centralnej Biblioteki Śląskiej J.G. Schneiderem. Pierwsze nabytki biblioteczne. Działalność Wilhelma Wattenbacha. Nabytki, organizacja i pomieszczenia biblioteki archiwalnej do 1945 roku.FROM A DISPUTE TO A BOOK COLLECTION, I.E. ON THE POST-SECULARISATION ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF COLLECTING THE SPECIALIST LITERATURE IN THE FORMER STATE ARCHIVES IN WROCŁAW STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU UNTIL 1945Specialist literature collected from the first few decades of the existence of the State Archives in Wrocław was a form of specialist aid, with time becoming a collection complementing archive materials. The idea to compile the first independent collection emerged from a conflict between the first archivist, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching and the director, from 1812, of the Central Silesian Library, located in the same building on the Sand Island, Johann Gottlob Schneider, an advocate of abolishing the existing privilege of free access of archivists to the library. The process of amassing archive literature was developed on a broader scale after Schneider’s death in 1822. Among the first publications acquired by the director of the then Royal Silesian Provincial Archives later State Archives, Gustav Adolf Harald Stenzel, were Johann Sinapius’ Schlesische Curiositäten and Friedrich Vater’s Repertorium der preussischen schlesischen Verfassung. Another source for obtaining specialist literature was regular donations from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Considerablesupport for the creation of a typical archive library came from the director, from 1852, of thePrussian State Archives, Karl Wilhelm von Lancizolle, author of the first guidelines on collecting archive specialist literature. Soon another director of the Wrocław institution, Wilhelm Wattenbach, compiled a separate catalogue of acquisitions for the library collection. Eventually, the book collection of the former Staatsarchiv Breslau grew to about 30,000 volumes and contained all the most significant Silesian-themed works from the past. This made the Wrocław archive library ranked sixth among the forty libraries functioning in German state archives. However, the collection was lost when the Archives building in Tiergartenstrasse 13 was destroyed in 1945. Efforts to organise again specialist, Polish State Archives in Wrocław from scratch were undertaken already in the first few years after the second world war and have continued to this day.

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (1774), a piece of life writing constitutes one of the founding documents of modern German literature. The tragic story of the young bohemian Werther and his beloved Charlotte is partly based on the life and suicide of Goethe's friend Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem, but is also infused with passages from Goethe's own letters and inspired by his unrequited love for Charlotte Buff. Validating Paul De Man's assertion that autobiography is not necessarily a genre or a type of writing, but rather a way of approaching and interpreting literature, Goethe's Werther can equally be read as biography, autobiography or as a work of fiction. Despite the fact that the novel sets the scene for the intricate interplay of life and literature that became a distinguishing mark of European Romanticism, the particular significance of life writing for German literature and thought is obvious if one considers the role of biography for German Historism in the tradition of Leopold Ranke and Gustav Droysen, of autobiographical writing from Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit (1811-1833) to Ruth Klüger's Weiter leben (1992), or of auto/biographical tropes in fictional genres like the Bildungsroman. This makes it all the more surprising that no comprehensive study has yet been devoted to the role of life writing within the German context. Even the term ‘life writing,’ bridging the gap between different genres and media, has only recently and somewhat reluctantly been adopted in German-language scholarship. A recent collection of essays, edited by Katja Herges and Elisabeth Krimmer, entitled Contested Selves: Life Writing and German Culture has set itself to remedy this shortcoming.

Hellmut Flashar: Hippokrates. Meister der Heilkunst (Michaela Rücker) Manfred Clauss: Athanasius der Große. Der unbeugsame Heilige (Peter Antes) Johannes Willms: Mirabeau oder die Morgenröte der Revolution. Eine Biografie (Hans-Christof Kraus) Stephanie Velten: Johann Julius Wilhelm Ritter von Planck. Leben und Werk (Dirk Blasius) Katharina Abermeth: Heinrich Schnee. Karriereweg und Erfahrungswelten eines deutschen Kolonialbeamten (Ulrich van der Heyden) Marianna Butenschön: Die Hessin auf dem Zarenthron. Maria. Kaiserin von Russland (Martin Malek) Henrik Meinander: Gustaf Mannerheim. Aristokrat i vadmal. [Gustaf Mannerheim. Aristokrat in Loden] (Michael Peters) Hubert Kiesewetter: Karl Marx und der Untergang des Kapitalismus (Ludger Heid) Jürgen Neffe: Marx. Der Unvollendete (Ludger Heid) Alexander Sperk, Daniel Bohse: Legende, Opportunist, Selbstdarsteller. Felix Graf Luckner und seine Zeit in Halle/Saale (1919-1945) (Wolfgang Kaufmann) Frederick Bacher: Friedrich Naumann und sein Kreis (Hans-Christof Kraus) Werner Plumpe: Carl Duisberg (1861-1935). Anatomie eines Industriellen (Werner Bührer) Olaf Jessen: Die Moltkes. Biografie einer Familie (Heinrich Walle) Wilhelm Hartmut Pantenius: Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. Stratege zwischen Befreiungskriegen und Stahlgewittern (Hans-Christof Kraus) Ingrid Wölk: Leo Baer. 100 Jahre deutsch jüdische Geschichte. Mit „Erinnerungssplittern eines deutschen Juden an zwei Weltkriege“ (Ludger Heid) Meike Hoffmann, Nicola Kühn: Hitlers Kunsthändler. Hildebrand Gurlitt (1895-1956). Die Biografie (Wolfgang Kaufmann) Victor Klemperer: Warum soll man nicht auf bessere Zeiten hoffen. Ein Leben in Briefen (Ludger Heid) Magnus Brechtken: Albert Speer. Eine deutsche Karriere (Ludger Tewes) Bernd Bonwetsch: Mit und ohne Russland. Eine familiengeschichtliche Spurensuche (Karl-Heinz Schlarp) Christoph Marx: Mugabe. Ein afrikanischer Tyrann (Ulrich van der Heyden)

Reviews of: Ravens and Humans in Iceland Sigurður Ægisson: Hrafninn: þjóðin, sagan, þjóðtrúin. Bókaútgáfan Hólar, Reykjavík 2022. 424 pp. Ill. Belief in an Animated World Folktro. En besjälad värld. Kurt Almqvist & Lotta Gröning (eds.). Bokförlaget Stolpe. Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse för allmännyttiga ändamål, Stockholm 2021. 230 pp. Ill. Heritage and Religion in Christiansfeld Crossroads of Heritage and Religion. Legacy and Sustainability of World Heritage Site Moravian Christiansfeld. Tine Damsholt, Marie Riegels Melchior, Christina Petterson & Tine Reeh (eds.). Berghahn, New York & Oxford 2022. 237 pp. Ill. Stories about Crises and Catastrophes, Past, Present and Future Katastrophen, Fluten, Weltenbrände. Erzählungen von Krisen und Chancen vom Mittelalter bis heute. Susanne Dinkl, Michaela Fenske, Joachim Hamm & Felix Linzner (eds.). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2023. 284 pp. Ill. The History of Death as an Idea Dödens idéhistoria. Karin Dirke, Andreas Hellerstedt & Martin Wiklund (eds.). Appell Förlag, Stockholm 2022. 334 pp. Ill. Magic Users in Ostrobothnia Karolina Kouvola: Cunning Folk As Other. Vernacular Beliefs about Magic Users in Premodern Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnian Rural Community. University of Helsinki, Helsinki 2023. 102 pp. Ill. Diss. Landscapes of Pilgrimage in Norway Hannah Kristine Bjørke Lunde: Pilgrimage Matters. Administrative and Semiotic Landscapes of Contemporary Pilgrimage Realisations in Norway. Uni- versity of Oslo 2022. 380 pp. Ill. Diss. Female Legend Tellers Júlíana Þóra Magnúsdottir: In Their Own Voices. A Reconstruction of the Legend Traditions of Icelandic Women in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. School of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 2023. 301 pp. Ill. Diss. Saint Brigit as a Celtic Goddess Séamas Ó Catháin: The Festival of Brigit. Celtic Goddess and Holy Woman. Phaeton Publishing, Dublin 2023. 274 pp. Ill. A New Edition of the Poetic Edda Edward Pettit: The Poetic Edda. A Dual- Language Edition. Open Book Publishers, Cambridge 2023. xvi + 878 pp. Recordings of Folk Music in Sweden Märta Ramsten: Framför mikrofonen och bakom. En personlig återblick på Svenskt visarkivs verksamhet med inspelningar av folkliga musiktraditioner. Skrifter utgivna av Svenskt visarkiv 52. Gidlunds förlag, Möklinta 2022. Ill. 238 pp. A New Edition of Tirén’s Sámi Music Karl Tirén: Den samiska folkmusiken. Utgiven av Gunnar Ternhag. Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien, Kungl. Skytteanska Samfundet, Svenskt Visarkiv/ Musikverket 2023. 336 pp. Ill. Challenged Authorities Vernacular Knowledge. Contesting Authority, Expressing Beliefs. Ülo Valk & Marion Bowman (eds.). Equinox, Sheffield & Bristol 2022. 423 pp. Ice from Different Angles Is – på olika vis. Nils Erik Villstrand & Kasper Westerlund (eds.). Meddelanden från Sjöhistoriska institutet vid Åbo Akademi 37. Forum navales skriftserie 84. Åbo 2022. 172 pp. Ill. Swedish Belief Tradition in a Nutshell Tora Wall: Folktrons väsen. Encyklopedi. Bokförlaget Stolpe, Stockholm 2021. 255 pp. Ill.

The overall aim of the article is to investigate the structure and dynamics of the Swedish cultural memory in the nineteenth century. According to the micrological methodology, recommended by leading theorists of cultural memory, the article focuses on five representative texts: three Romantic poems written to the 1818 centenary of Charles XII’s death (Bernhard von Beskow’s “Carl den Tolfte,” Erik Gustaf Geijer’s “Ord till Karl XII:s marsch vid Narva,” and Esaias Tegnér’s “Carl XII”), and two short stories, written in the last decade of the nineteenth century, both depicting the events immediately after the death of Charles XII and thus thematising the cultural memory of the king as communicative memory (Verner von Heidenstam’s “En hjältes likfärd” and August Strindberg’s “Vid Likvakan i Tistedalen”). Analysing the three poems, the article makes an attempt to reconstruct the degree zero structure of the Swedish cultural memory in the nineteenth century. It is argued that the poems’ cultural memory has an eclectic character and requires a kind of archaeological approach. In the first step, the article identifies a tissue of elements, belonging to the pre-industrial cultural memory: cult of the death, burial scenery, relic, fame, ritualization, militarization. The poems subordinate this archaic memory system to the structures which are the products of the nineteenth century and originate from one single social process: industrialization. In the second step, the main part of the article, these industrial components of the poems’ cultural memory are analysed: subjectification, temporalization, historicization, productivization, nationalization, and finally mythicization – the final component is investigated using both Barthesian and Jungian conceptual apparatus. In the third and last step, the article studies the development of this degree zero memory structure during the nineteenth century. Two main evolutionary trends, rooted in two different modifications of the Kantian notion of the Self, are distinguished. The first trend, exemplified by the short story of Heidenstam, implies an existential psychologization of the industrial cultural memory. The second trend, represented by the short story of Strindberg, is based on a naturalistic correction of the Kantian Self and executes a subversive demythicization of the Romantic Charles XII-myth.

Naturalism, as a movement and genre, was heavily influenced by the work of Émile Zola, particularly by his essay, Le roman expérimental (1880). However, despite Zola’s strong influence, Naturalism was also significantly influenced by the ideas of others that go beyond and even predate those of Zola. As a result, Naturalism is generally accepted as having originated in France in the late 19th century, and having extended into the early 20th century, however it soon became an international as well as an interdisciplinary movement and genre. More specific examples of this international and interdisciplinary network of Naturalism can be seen in the writing of Zola, Joris-Karl Husymans, and Oscar Wilde, as well as the painting of Cécile Douard, Vincent van Gogh, Gustave Caillebotte, and Claude Monet. Furthermore, these examples reveal that Naturalism evolved into a more interior branch, as well as a more exterior branch, and they also reveal some strong evolutionary links between not only Naturalism and Impressionism, but also between Naturalism and Decadence/Aestheticism. These latter links have seen little discussion in relation to Naturalism, particularly on the basis of the roles that interiority and exteriority play in the international and interdisciplinary expressions of Naturalism.

The article reconstructs lives of several Russian-language interpreters acting in Sweden during the reign of Gustav I Vasa (1523–1560) on the basis of Swedish and Russian archival sources. The socio-professional group of Russian-language interpreters (ryssetolkar) has been well known in Sweden since late 16th century, and its best times (mainly in the 17th century) are thoroughly studied by the Finnish historian Kari Tarkiainen. The authors suggest that the origins of this group should be sought in late 1530s — early 1540s, and that the Hanseatic environment might have played a part in this process at its earliest stage because the first interpreters known to us by names, Albrecht Tolck and Larens van Värnen, seem to have been of German origin, although we know very little of them. Three other ryssetolkar — Michel Andersson, Hans Larsson Skalm, and especially Bertil Jöransson (Jörensson, Göransson) — ar somewhat better known. The authors conclude that close connections to Finland, especially to the castle of Viborg (Fin. Viipuri, Rus. Vyborg), were typical of the members of this socio-professional group at the very initial phase already. In addition, the sources of the period in question show that prospective interpreters could go to Russia to study Russian and that they sometimes were bound by family ties. The two latter features were not so prominent in the first half of the 16th century, but they would become very typical of the ryssetolkar community later on.

With the proliferation of European Union soft law instruments (Oana Andreea Ştefan, European Union Soft Law: New Developments Concerning the Divide Between Legally Binding Force and Legal Effects, 75(5) Modern L. Rev., 879, 879 (2012).) since the nineties, the legal bindingness of these measures has been the subject of several studies, (Most prominently, Gustaaf M. Borchardt & Karel C. Wellens, Soft Law in European Community Law 14(5) Eur. L. Rev. (1989); Linda Senden, Soft Law in European Community Law (Hart 2004); Linda Senden, Soft Law and Its Implications for Institutional Balance in the EC, 1(2) Utrecht L. Rev.(2005); Jürgen Schwarze, Soft Law im Recht der Europäischen Union,1 EuR (2011); Anne Peters, Soft Law as a New Mode of Governance, in The Dynamics of Change in EU Governance, 21–51 (Udo Diedrichs, Wulf Reiners & Wolfgang Wessels eds, Edward Elgar 2011); Oana Andreea Ştefan, Soft Law and the Enforcement of EU Law, in The Enforcement of EU Law and Values: Ensuring Member States’ Compliance (András Jakab & Dimitry Kochenov eds, Oxford University Press 2016).) indeed, various approaches (rationalist, constructivist, hybridity) (David M. Trubek, Patrick Cottrell & Mark Nance, ‘Soft Law’,‘Hard Law’, and European Integration: Toward a Theory of Hybridity, 02(05) Jean Monnet Working Paper (2005); Oana Andreea Ştefan, Hybridity Before the Court: A Hard Look at Soft Law in the EU Competition and State Aid Case Law, 37(1) Eur. L. Rev. 49–69 (2012).) have been deployed to define and delimit soft law from hard law, even arriving at a sophisticated taxonomy of soft and hard measures. (Fabien Terpan, Soft Law in the European Union – The Changing Nature of EU Law. Working Paper Nr. 7 Sciences Po Grenoble (Nov. 2013); Anne Peters, Typology, utility and Legitimacy of European Soft Law, in Die Herausforderung von Grenzen. Festschrift für Roland Bieber, 405–428 (Astrid Epiney, Marcel Haag & Andreas Heinemann eds., Nomos 2007); Peter Christian Müller Graf, Das Soft Law der Europäischen Organisationen: Einführung, in Das soft law der europäischen Organisationen, 146–154 (Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas & Jean-Francois Flauss eds., Nomos 2012).) While these inquiries are of fundamental importance to formulate an ontology of European soft law, national courts and authorities implementing and applying soft law are faced with the more practical problem of the bindingness of these measures in a given case. Member States are often at a loss for which measures they are expected to apply and may ʻunexpectedlyʼ find themselves bound by certain soft law measures. Since the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union sheds some light on the legal obligations ensuing from the different types of European soft law, the present article is an attempt to categorize and determine the bindingness of such measures for national courts and authorities based on the relevant case-law of the Court.

BackgroundThe existing EULAR Recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) were published in 2013. A considerable number of new studies on various non-pharmacological treatment modalities have been published since then. Hence, it is time to update the Recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee OA.ObjectivesThe objective of this project was to perform an updated systematic literature review and to update the 2013 EULAR Recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, accordingly.MethodsThe standardised operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed Recommendations[1]were used as a framework for this project. A multi-disciplinary Task Force (TF) including 9 physiotherapists, 6 rheumatologists, 2 orthopaedic surgeons, 2 psychologists, 2 patient research partners, 1 occupational therapist, 1 nurse, 1 general practitioner and 1 nutrition expert from 13 European countries was established. Based on the original search strategy underpinning the original 11 recommendations, 11 updated PICOs (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome) were agreed upon by the TF members in the first digital meeting in January 2022. Systematic literature searches were conducted from 1stJanuary, 2012 until 27thMay, 2022 aiming to identify new evidence related to non-pharmacological core treatment interventions for hip and knee OA. Evidence was primarily collected from published systematic reviews (SRs) and secondarily, from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) if no relevant, updated SR was available. The retrieved evidence was discussed in 5 digital subgroup meetings and subsequently presented to all TF members in the second plenary digital meeting in November 2022. Here, the recommendations were revised based on the new evidence and discussions and TF members voted on each newly proposed recommendation to reach consensus (more than 75 % in favour). After the meeting TF members completed a web-based survey to ascertain the Level of Agreement (LoA) (0-10, 10=totally agree) with each recommendation and prioritize the order of the recommendations for implementation activities.ResultsBased on evidence from 67 SRs and 31 RCTs, the TF agreed to rephrase and change two of the 11 existing recommendations into two overarching principles; one concerning the initial assessment with a biopsychosocial approach and one on the use of shared decision-making in treatment. The remaining 9 original recommendations were revised into 8 updated recommendations, as the recommendations on footwear and on walking aids and other assistive devices were combined. The 8 updated recommendations concern the application of: 1) an individualised, multicomponent management plan; 2) delivery of information, education and self-management strategies; 3) delivery of exercise with adequate dosage and progression; 4) the mode of delivery of exercise; 5) education on maintaining a healthy weight and support with weight loss when indicated; 6) advice on walking aids and assistive devices; 7) work-related advice; and 8) application of behaviour-change techniques to improve lifestyle. The lowest mean LOA for the 8 revised recommendations was 9.2 and the highest 9.8. Recommendation 2) was ranked by the TF as having the highest priority for implementation.ConclusionThe updated overarching principles and recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee OA are based on previous evidence and on new evidence from relevant SRs and RCTs published during the last 10 years and on discussions by a multi-disciplinary TF. A plan for dissemination and implementation will be developed, with emphasis on the recommendation on patient education, with the ultimate aim to improve the quality of care for people with hip and knee OA.Reference[1]van der Heijde D, Aletaha D, Carmona L, et al. 2014 Update of the EULAR standardised operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed recommendations.Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(1):8.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsTuva Moseng: None declared, T.P.M. Vliet Vlieland: None declared, Simone Battista: None declared, David Beckwée: None declared, Vladimira Boyadzhieva: None declared, Philip G Conaghan Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Novartis, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biosplice, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Genascence, GSK, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Stryker, and UCB, Daniela Costa: None declared, Michael Doherty: None declared, Andrew Finney: None declared, Tsvetoslav Georgiev: None declared, Milena Gobbo Montoya Speakers bureau: STADA, Paid instructor for: Pfizer, Lilly, Consultant of: Angellini Farma; MSD, Norelee Kennedy: None declared, Ingvild Kjeken: None declared, Féline Kroon: None declared, Stefan Lohmander Consultant of: Scientific consultant Arthro Therapeutics AB, member clinical trial DSMB Astra Zeneca, Hans Lund: None declared, Christian Mallen Grant/research support from: Keele University have received funding from BMS for a nonpharmacological AF screening trial, Karel Pavelka Consultant of: AbbVie, UCB, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Celltrion, MSD, Novartis, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, UCB, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Celltrion, MSD, Novartis, IRENE Pitsillidou: None declared, Margaret Rayman: None declared, Anne Therese Tveter: None declared, Johanna E. Vriezekolk: None declared, Dieter Wiek: None declared, Gustavo Zanoli: None declared, Nina Osteras: None declared.

Dear Readers, As we begin a new year full of potential and opportunity, we wish each of you much joy and success. As we embark on this journey, we al-so celebrate a significant milestone – the fifteenth anniversary of the European Journal of Geography. Over the past decade and a half, our journal has become a beacon of excellence in the field of geography and the social sciences. This journey has been characterised by unwavering commitment and tireless dedication, a collective endeavour led by the dedicated members of our editorial team and the European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO). Their diligence and passion have been instrumental in making our journal the respected publication it is today. Looking back on our shared history, we are proud to have published over 310 articles dealing with key topics in geography, planning and development. These scholarly contributions have not only explored and analysed important topics, but have also introduced new ideas (Kout-sopoulos, 2022; Manetos et al., 2022), methods (Cramer-Greenbaum, 2023; Krevs et al., 2023; Morawski & Wolff-Seidel, 2023) and data (Hojati & Mokarram, 2016) that will inspire future generations of geographers to transcend conventional disciplinary boundaries. The richness of our content encompasses numerous facets and includes the fields of geography education (Fraile-Jurado & Periáñez-Cuevas, 2023; Humble, 2023; Martínez-Hernández et al., 2023; Mašterová, 2023; Puertas-Aguilar et al., 2023), physical geography (Sánchez-Martínez & Cabrera, 2015), sustainability (Leininger-Frézal et al., 2023; Mally, 2021), tourism (Bandt et al., 2022; Jovanovic et al., 2022), geoin-formatics (Batsaris et al., 2023; Vestena et al., 2023), spatial analysis (Agourogiannis et al., 2021; Bartzokas-Tsiompras & Photis, 2020b; Wieland, 2022), remote sensing (Younes et al., 2023), maps (Nedkov et al., 2018; Papaioannou et al., 2020), geoinformation (Bartha & Kocsis, 2011; Bart-zokas-Tsiompras, 2022), economic (Doukissas et al., 2020; Mikhaylova, 2018), social (Mei & Liempt, 2022; Roșu et al., 2015), political (Kevicky, 2023; Tsitsaraki & Petracou, 2023) and cultural (Gusman & Otero-Varela, 2023) geography, geopolitics (Morgado, 2023) as well as environmental (Burić et al., 2023; Prodanova & Varadzhakova, 2022), urban (Chondrogianni & Stephanedes, 2021; Lagarias et al., 2022) and transport (Garrido, 2013; Kellerman, 2023; Koktavá & Horák, 2023) geography/planning (González, 2017). Each article, a testament to the diversity and depth of knowledge within our community, has played a crucial role in energising discourse in our academic environment. Several EJG articles addressed current global crises and challenges such as climate change, COVID-19, wars and economic recession. They show how important geography is when it comes to finding solutions and new insights to the many problems that threaten our world. This interconnected approach underlines the journal's commitment to engaging with both the specialised academic discourse and the broader global challenges of our time. Authors, editors, board members, reviewers and readers are the lifeblood of this academic platform, and we recognise and appreciate your invaluable role in the success of the European Journal of Geography. Your commitment has fuelled our growth and you are an essential part of our legacy. We take our fifteenth anniversary as an opportunity to invite and encourage you to contribute to the continued success of the journal by submitting new and original geographical research articles. Here's to another year of scholarly work, meaningful collaborations and the continued advancement of geographical knowledge. We would also like to take a moment to recognise the incredible efforts of 95 professors and researchers who served as reviewers for the European Journal of Geography in 2023. Their expertise and dedication have been invaluable in maintaining the quality of our publications. In addition, the journal features 18 distinguished editorial board members from 12 countries, including renowned experts (60% men, 40% women) from various geographical research fields (This year we welcome 10 esteemed new members to our Editorial Board). In particular, we would like to express our sincere thanks to the following editorial board members for their help and support: 1. Alvanides Seraphim, Northumbria University, UK 2. ‪Bednarz W. Sarah, Texas A&M University, USA‬‬ 3. Capello Roberta, Politecnico di Milano, Italy 4. Cretan Remus, West University of Timisoara, Romania 5. De Miguel Gonzalez Rafael, University of Zaragoza, Spain 6. Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola, University of Oulu, Finland 7. Jerry T. Mitchell, University of South Carolina, USA 8. Kavroudakis Dimitris, University of the Aegean, Greece 9. Kiss Éva, CSFK Geographical Institute, Hungary 10. Knecht Petr, Masaryk University, Czech Republic 11. Kounadi Ourania, University of Vienna, Austria 12. Kolvoord Bob, James Madison University, USA 13. Leininger-Frezal Caroline, Université de Paris, France 14. Margaritis Efstathios, University of Southampton, UK 15. Specht Doug, University of Westminster, UK 16. Strobl Josef, University of Salzburg, Austria 17. Theobald Rebecca, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, USA 18. Yilmaz Ari, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey In 2023, we received a total of 116 submissions. Of these, 24 outstanding papers were published online (acceptance rate 21% - 2023), while 92, although commendable, did not make it to publication. Remarkably, these submissions included the contributions of 63 authors from 20 countries. The average review speed of the articles is about 7-9 weeks for the first round and about 4-6 weeks for the second round. The reviewers came from 31 countries, which shows a global co-operation: UK, USA, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Japan, Hungary, Iceland, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Romania and others. Thank you for your continued support and your contributions to this journal. Look forward to an exciting journey of discovery and innova-tion in the pages of the European Journal of Geography. Join us as we continue to shape the ever-evolving canvas of geographical exploration and knowledge. List of Reviewers 2023: 1. Alessandro Del Ponte, University of Alabama, USA 2. Ali Enes Dingil, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Repuplic 3. Alvanides Seraphim, Northumbria University, UK 4. András J. Molnár, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Germany 5. Anja du Plessis, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa 6. Anqi Huang, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China 7. Apostolia Galani, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 8. Ari Yilmaz, Bandirma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, Turkey 9. Audur Palsdottir , University of Iceland, Iceland 10. Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland 11. Beth Schlemper, The University of Toledo, USA 12. Blaž Repe, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 13. Bob Kolvoord, James Madison University, USA 14. Carina Peter, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany 15. Carlos Lopez Escolano, University of Zaragoza, Spain 16. Caroline Leininger, Université de Paris, France 17. Charalampos Tsavdaroglou, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 18. Christian Weismayer, Modul University Vienna GmbH, Austria 19. Darra Athanasia, National Technical University of Athens, Greece 20. Denise Blanchard, Texas State University, USA 21. Dimitris Kavroudakis, University of the Aegea, Greece 22. Don MacKeen, City of Glasgow College, UK 23. Doug Specht, University of Westminster, UK 24. Dragan Burić, University of Montenegro, Montenegro 25. Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola , University of Oulu, Finland 26. Efstathios Margaritis, University of Southampton, UK 27. Emmanuel Eze, University of Nigeria, Nigeria 28. Eva Psatha, University of Thessaly, Greece 29. Evangelos Rasvanis, University of Thessaly, Greece 30. Femke van Esch, Utrecht University, The Netherlands 31. František Petrovič, Constantine the Philosopher University, Slovakia 32. George Revill, The Open University, UK 33. Géza Tóth, University of Miskolc, Hungary 34. Grayson R. Morgan, University of South Carolina, USA 35. Hristina Prodanova, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria 36. Huda Jamal Jumaah, Northern Technical University, Iraq 37. İlkay Südas, Ege University, Turkey 38. Ilse van liempt, Utrecht University, The Netherlands 39. Isabel María Gómez-Trigueros, University of Alicante, Spain 40. Italo Sousa de Sena, University College Dublin, Ireland 41. Iva Miranda Pires, NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal 42. Iwona Anna Jażdżewska, University of Lodz, Poland 43. Jaime Diaz Pacheco, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain 44. Jan Christoph Schubert, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany 45. Jens Dangschat , TU Wien, Austria 46. Jernej Zupančič, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 47. Jerry T. Mitchell, University of South Carolina, USA 48. Joan Rossello, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain 49. Joseph J. Kerski, ESRI, USA 50. Karina Standal, CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway 51. Karl Donert, EUROGEO, Belgium 52. Koshiro Suzuki , University of Toyama, Japan 53. Kristine Juul, University of Roskilde , Denmark 54. Lauren Hammond, University College London, UK 55. Mahmood Shoorcheh, University of Isfahan, Iran 56. Maria Angeles Rodriguez-Domenech, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Spain 57. María Lois , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 58. María-Luisa de Lázaro-Torres , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain 59. Marko Krevs, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 60. Marta Gallardo, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain 61. Md Galal Uddin, University of Galway, Ireland 62. Md. Kausar Alam, Brac University, Bangladesh 63. Michaela Spurná, Masaryk University, Czech Repuplic 64. Miha Pavšek, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia 65. Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai , Kandahar University, Afghanistan 66. Neli Heidari, University of Hamburg, Germany 67. Nicholas Wise, Arizona State University, USA 68. Nikola Šimunić, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia 69. Nikolaos Karachalis , University of the Aegean, Greece 70. Nuno Morgado, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary 71. Pablo Fraile-Jurado, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain 72. Panagiotis G. Tzouras, National Technical University of Athens, Greece 73. Peter T. Dunn, University of Washington, USA 74. Petr Knecht, Masaryk University, Czech Repuplic 75. Polyxeni Kechagia, University of Thessaly, Greece 76. Qi Zhou, China University of Geosciences, China 77. Rafael de Miguel González, University of Zaragoza, Spain 78. Rebecca Theobald, University of Colorado, USA 79. Remus Cretan, West University of Timisoara, Romania 80. Roberto Falanga, University of Lisbon, Institute of Social Sciences, Portugal 81. Saheed Adekunle Raji, University of Lagos, Nigeria 82. Sandra Sprenger, University of Hamburg, Germany 83. Sarah Bednarz, Texas A&M University, USA 84. Sebastien Bourdin, EM Normandie Bussiness School, France 85. Serafin Pazos-Vidal , European Association for Innovation in Local Development, Belgium 86. Susannah Cramer-Greenbaum, University of Warwick, UK, UK 87. Teemu Makkonen, University of Eastern Finland, Finland 88. Teresa Sadoń-Osowiecka, University of Gdansk, Poland 89. Theano S. Terkenli , University of the Aegean, Greece 90. Theodore Metaxas , University of Thessaly, Greece 91. Uwe Krause, Fontys School of the Arts, The Netherlands 92. Valériane Mistiaen , Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 93. Vesna Skrbinjek, International School for Social and Business Studies, Slovenia 94. Vincent Nzabarinda, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 95. Zsolt Tibor Kosztyán, University of Pannonia, Hungary

Zusammenfassung 1871-1918 Der Deutsch-Französische Krieg 1870/71. Vorgeschichte – Verlauf – Folgen. Hrsg. von Jan Ganschow, Olaf Haselhorst und Maik Ohnezeit (Thorsten Loch) Stewart Lone, Provincial Life and the Military in Imperial Japan. The Phantom Samurai (Gerhard Krebs) Durchhalten! Krieg und Gesellschaft im Vergleich 1914-1918. Hrsg. von Arnd Bauerkämper und Elise Julien (Martin Moll) In Papiergewittern 1914-1918. Die Kriegssammlungen der Bibliotheken (Gabriele Bosch) Kriegsgefangene im Europa des Ersten Weltkriegs. Hrsg. von Jochen Oltmer (Rüdiger Overmans) Rainer Pöppinghege, Im Lager unbesiegt. Deutsche, englische und französische Kriegsgefangenen-Zeitungen im Ersten Weltkrieg (Rüdiger Overmans) War Planning 1914. Ed. by Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herwig (Christian Th. Müller) Trevor Pidgeon, Tanks on the Somme. From Morval to Beaumont Hamel (Markus Pöhlmann) Karl Freiherr von Bothmer, Moskauer Tagebuch 1918. Hrsg. von Gernot Böhme, bearb. von Winfried Baumgart (Armin Wagner) Gustav Mayer, Als deutsch-jüdischer Historiker in Krieg und Revolution 1914-1920. Tagebücher, Aufzeichnungen, Briefe. Hrsg. und eingel. von Gottfried Niedhart (Michael Epkenhans) Oksana S. Nagornaja, Drugoj voennyj opyt: Rossijskie voennoplennye Pervoj mirovoj vojny v Germanii (1914-1922) [Eine andere Kriegserfahrung: Russische Kriegsgefangene des Ersten Weltkriegs in Deutschland (1914-1922)] (Georg Wurzer) Aleksandr Čaščin, Sretensk. Stranicy prošlogo. Kazačestvo. Kupečestcvo. Voennoplennye. Denenyežnaki [Sretensk. Seiten der Vergangenheit. Kosakentum. Kaufmannschaft. Kriegsgefangene. Geldzeichen] (Georg Wurzer)

ZusammenfassungUm die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts war Johannes Müller der unbestritten vielseitigste und genialste Physiologe seines Zeitalters. Müller wurde im Jahre 1801 als ältestes von 5 Kindern in Koblenz geboren. Er erhielt eine hervorragende Ausbildung in Mathematik und den alten Sprachen und konnte so die Schriften von Aristoteles im Original mühelos lesen.Nach dem Abitur 1818 diente er ein Jahr bei den Pionieren, 1819 immatrikulierte er sich an der Universität in Bonn. 1821 erhielt er, noch als Student, den Universitätspreis für seine wissenschaftliche Arbeit über die Atmung des Fötus. Müller wurde 1822 in Bonn promoviert und ging anschließend nach Berlin, wo er Vorlesungen des Anatomen Karl Asmund Rudolphi gehört hat.1824 habilitierte er sich in Bonn für Physiologie und vergleichende Anatomie. Nach seinen Bonner Jahren folgte er 1833 dem Ruf an die Berliner Universität auf den Lehrstuhl von Rudolphi. In Berlin erschien sein berühmtes „Handbuch der Physiologie“ (1833–1840). Müllers Arbeitsgebiet betraf die Physiologie, die Humananatomie sowie die vergleichende zoologische Anatomie und pathologische Anatomie.Müller hat eine Vielzahl an Publikationen und Schriften hinterlassen. Er und seine zahlreichen Schüler (Emil du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Haeckel, Hermann von Helmholtz, Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Carl Ludwig, Theodor Schwann und Rudolf Virchow etc.) begründeten den Weltruhm des Berliner Physiologischen Instituts. Die Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts vorherrschende naturphilosophisch ausgerichtete Denkweise der Medizin wurde durch Müller mehr und mehr durch eine naturwissenschaftlich orientierte ersetzt.

Rexroth, Frank / Teresa Schröder-Stapper (Hrsg.), Experten, Wissen, Symbole. Performanz und Medialität vormoderner Wissenskulturen (Historische Zeitschrift. Beihefte (Neue Folge), 71), Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 336 S. / Abb., € 89,95. (Lisa Dannenberg-Markel, Aachen) Enenkel, Karl A. E. / Christine Göttler (Hrsg.), Solitudo. Spaces, Places, and Times of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures (Intersections, 56), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XXXIV u. 568 S. / Abb., € 165,00. (Mirko Breitenstein, Dresden / Leipzig) Tracy, Larissa (Hg.), Medieval and Early Modern Murder. Legal, Literary and Historical Contexts, Woodbridge 2018, Boydell Press, 486 S., £ 60,00. (Benjamin Seebröker, Dresden) Müller, Mario, Verletzende Worte. Beleidigung und Verleumdung in Rechtstexten aus dem Mittelalter und aus dem 16. Jahrhundert (Hildesheimer Universitätsschriften, 33), Hildesheim / Zürich / New York 2017, Olms, 410 S. / Abb., € 78,00. (Gerd Schwerhoff, Dresden) Heebøll-Holm, Thomas / Philipp Höhn / Gregor Rohmann (Hrsg.), Merchants, Pirates, and Smugglers. Criminalization, Economics, and the Transformation of the Maritime World (1200 – 1600) (Discourses of Weakness and Resource Regimes, 6), Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2019, Campus, 431 S., € 43,00. (Sebastian Kolditz, Heidelberg) Fox, Yaniv / Yosi Yisraeli (Hrsg.), Contesting Inter-Religious Conversion in the Medieval World, London / New York 2017, Routledge, VI u. 276 S. / Abb., £ 110,00. (Benjamin Scheller, Essen) Gruber, Elisabeth / Christina Lutter / Oliver J. Schmitt (Hrsg.), Kulturgeschichte der Überlieferung im Mittelalter. Quellen und Methoden zur Geschichte Mittel- und Südosteuropas (UTB, 4554), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2017, Böhlau, 510 S. / Abb., € 29,99. (Grischa Vercamer, Passau) Heiles, Marco, Das Losbuch. Manuskriptologie einer Textsorte des 14. bis 16. Jahrhunderts (Beihefte zum Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, 13), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 574 S. / Abb., € 70,00. (Klaus Oschema, Bochum) Dartmann, Christoph, Die Benediktiner. Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des Mittelalters (Urban-Taschenbücher; Geschichte der christlichen Orden), Stuttgart 2018, Kohlhammer, 301 S. / Abb., € 26,00. (Kai Hering, Dresden) Linde, Cornelia (Hrsg.), Making and Breaking the Rules. Discussion, Implementation, and Consequences of Dominican Legislation (Studies of the German Historical Institute London), Oxford / New York 2018, Oxford University Press, XII u. 438 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Jens Röhrkasten, Birmingham) Bünz, Enno, Die mittelalterliche Pfarrei. Ausgewählte Studien zum 13.–16. Jahrhundert (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation, 96), Tübingen 2017, Mohr Siebeck, IX u. 862 S., € 109,00. (Michele C. Ferrari, Erlangen) Beuckers, Klaus G. / Thomas Schilp (Hrsg.), Fragen, Perspektiven und Aspekte der Erforschung mittelalterlicher Frauenstifte. Beiträge der Abschlusstagung des Essener Arbeitskreises für die Erforschung des Frauenstifts (Essener Forschungen zum Frauenstift, 15), Essen 2018, Klartext, 364 S. / Abb., € 32,00. (Helmut Flachenecker, Würzburg) Schöller, Bettina, Zeiten der Erinnerung. Muri und die Habsburger im Mittelalter (Murenser Monografien, 2), Zürich 2018, Chronos, 191 S. / Abb., € 38,00. (Bruno Meier, Baden (CH)) Mandry, Julia, Armenfürsorge, Hospitäler und Bettel in Thüringen in Spätmittelalter und Reformation (1300 – 1600) (Quellen und Forschungen zu Thüringen im Zeitalter der Reformation, 10), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 1052 S. / Abb., € 125,00. (Stefan Michel, Leipzig) Roth, Stefan, Geldgeschichte und Münzpolitik im Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg im Spätmittelalter, 2 Bde., Teil 1: Die Rechnungsbücher der Braunschweiger Münzstätte; Teil 2: Geldgeschichte und Münzkatalog (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen, 293 bzw. 294), Göttingen 2018, Wallstein, 292 S. / Abb., € 19,90 bzw. 717 S. / Abb., € 49,00. (Manfred Mehl, Hamburg) Föller, Carola, Königskinder. Erziehung am Hof Ludwigs IX. des Heiligen von Frankreich (Beihefte zum Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, 88), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 252 S., € 50,00. (Benjamin Müsegades, Heidelberg) Das Urbar des Hochstifts Augsburg von 1316, bearb. v. Thaddäus Steiner (Veröffentlichungen der Schwäbischen Forschungsstelle Augsburg der Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Schwäbischen Forschungsgemeinschaft. Reihe 5a: Urbare, 4), Augsburg 2019, Wißner, VIII u. 168 S., € 19,80. (Wolfgang Wüst, Erlangen) Just, Thomas / Kathrin Kininger / Andrea Sommerlechner / Herwig Weigl (Hrsg.), Privilegium maius. Autopsie, Kontext und Karriere der Fälschungen Rudolfs IV. von Österreich (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 69; Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, Sonderband 15), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 388 S. / Abb., € 70,00. (Patrick Fiska, Wien) Wolfinger, Lukas, Die Herrschaftsinszenierung Rudolfs IV. von Österreich. Strategien – Publikum – Rezeption (Symbolische Kommunikation in der Vormoderne), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 924 S. / Abb., € 110,00. (Benjamin Müsegades, Heidelberg) Brachthäuser, Urs, Der Kreuzzug gegen Mahdiya 1390. Konstruktionen eines Ereignisses im spätmittelterlichen Mediterraneum (Mittelmeerstudien, 14), Paderborn 2017, Fink / Schöningh, 822 S., € 99,00. (Georg Jostkleigrewe, Halle) Pilat, Liviu / Ovidiu Cristea, The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the 15th Century (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450 – 1450, 48), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, VIII u. 337 S. / Abb., € 174,00. (Thomas Woelki, Berlin) Dümling, Sebastian, Träume der Einfachheit. Gesellschaftsbeobachtungen in den Reformschriften des 15. Jahrhunderts (Historische Studien, 511), Husum 2017, Matthiesen, 250 S., € 39,00. (Birgit Studt, Freiburg i. Br.) Buondelmonti, Christoforo, Description of the Aegean and Other Islands. Copied, with Supplemental Material, by Henricus Martellus Germanus. A Facsimile of the Manuscript at the James Ford Bell Library, University of Minnesota, hrsg. u. übers. v. Evelyn Edson, New York 2018, Italica Press, X u. 190 S. / Abb., $ 100,00. (Ingrid Baumgärtner, Kassel) Schneider, Joachim, Eberhard Windeck und sein „Buch von Kaiser Sigmund“. Studien zu Entstehung, Funktion und Verbreitung einer Königschronik im 15. Jahrhundert (Geschichtliche Landeskunde, 73), Stuttgart 2018, Steiner, 369 S. / Abb., € 62,00. (Gerhard Fouquet, Kiel) The London Customs Accounts. 24 Henry VI (1445/46), hrsg. v. Stuart Jenks (Quellen und Darstellungen zur Hansischen Geschichte. Neue Folge, 74), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2018, Böhlau, LXIII u. 407 S., € 60,00. (Harm von Seggern, Kiel) Pietro Montes „Collectanea“. The Arms, Armour and Fighting Techniques of a Fifteenth-Century Soldier, hrsg. u. übers. v. Jeffrey L. Forgeng, Woodbridge 2018, The Boydell Press, VII u. 313 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Patrick Leiske, Heidelberg) Sander-Faes, Stephan, Europas habsburgisches Jahrhundert. 1450 – 1550 (Geschichte kompakt), Darmstadt 2018, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 160 S. / Abb., € 19,95. (Thomas Winkelbauer, Wien) Helmrath, Johannes / Ursula Kocher / Andrea Sieber (Hrsg.), Maximilians Welt. Kaiser Maximilian im Spannungsfeld zwischen Innovation und Tradition (Berliner Mittelalter- und Frühneuzeitforschung, 22), Göttingen 2018, V&amp;R unipress, 300 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Nadja Krajicek, Innsbruck) Krajicek, Nadja, Frauen in Notlagen. Suppliken an Maximilian I. als Selbstzeugnisse (Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 17), Wien 2018, Böhlau, 198 S. / Abb., € 39,00. (Manfred Hollegger, Graz) Sebastiani, Valentina, Johann Froben, Printer of Basel. A Biographical Profile and Catalogue of His Editions (Library of the Written Word, 65; The Handpress World, 50), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XII u. 830 S. / Abb., € 215,00. (Charlotte Kempf, Stuttgart) Sharman, Jason C., Empires of the Weak. The Real Story of European Expansion and the Creation of the New World Order, Princeton / Oxford 2019, Princeton University Press, XII u. 196 S., £ 22,00. (Wolfgang Reinhard, Freiburg i. Br.) MacDougall, Philip, Islamic Seapower during the Age of Fighting Sail, Woodbridge 2017, The Boydell Press, XVII u. 241 S. / Abb., £ 65,00. (Stefan Hanß, Manchester) Head, Randolph C., Making Archives in Early Modern Europe. Proof, Information, and Political Record-Keeping, 1400 – 1700, Cambridge [u. a.] 2019, Cambridge University Press, XVII u. 348 S. / Abb., £ 90,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Keller, Vera / Anna M. Roos / Elizabeth Yale (Hrsg.), Archival Afterlives. Life, Death, and Knowledge-Making in Early Modern British Scientific and Medical Archives (Scientific and Learned Cultures and Their Institutions, 23), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XI u. 276 S. / Abb., € 105,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Jaumann, Herbert / Gideon Stiening (Hrsg.), Neue Diskurse der Gelehrtenkultur in der Frühen Neuzeit. Ein Handbuch, Berlin / Boston 2016, de Gruyter, XXIII u. 877 S., € 219,00. (Marian Füssel, Göttingen) Reinalter, Helmut, Freimaurerei, Politik und Gesellschaft. Die Wirkungsgeschichte des diskreten Bundes, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 255 S., € 20,00. (Joachim Bauer, Jena) Jarzebowski, Claudia, Kindheit und Emotion. Kinder und ihre Lebenswelten in der europäischen Frühen Neuzeit, Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, VIII u. 343 S. / Abb., € 89,95. (Christina Antenhofer, Salzburg) Bepler, Jill / Svante Norrhem (Hrsg.), Telling Objects. Contextualizing the Role of the Consort in Early Modern Europe (Wolfenbütteler Forschungen, 153), Wiesbaden 2018, Harrassowitz in Kommission, 269 S. / Abb., € 68,00. (Melanie Greinert, Kiel) Gantet, Claire / Christine Lebeau, Le Saint-Empire. 1500 – 1800 (Collection U: Histoire), Malakoff 2018, Armand Colin, 270 S. / graph. Darst., € 27,00. (Guido Braun, Mülhausen / Mulhouse) Willasch, Friederike, Verhandlungen, Gespräche, Briefe. Savoyisch-französische Fürstenheiraten in der Frühen Neuzeit (Beihefte der Francia, 85), Ostfildern 2018, Thorbecke, 344 S., € 45,00. (Matthias Schnettger, Mainz) Del Soldato, Eva / Andrea Rizzi (Hrsg.), City, Court, Academy. Language Choice in Early Modern Italy, London / New York, Routledge 2018, IX u. 228 S., £ 105,00. (Bettina Pfotenhauer, München) Lobenwein, Elisabeth / Martin Scheutz / Alfred St. Weiß (Hrsg.), Bruderschaften als multifunktionale Dienstleister der Frühen Neuzeit in Zentraleuropa (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 70), Wien 2018, Böhlau, 548 S. / Abb., € 90,00. (Patrick Schmidt, Rostock) Bergerfurth, Yvonne, Die Bruderschaften der Kölner Jesuiten 1576 bis 1773 (Studien zur Kölner Kirchengeschichte, 45), Siegburg 2018, Schmitt, 438 S., € 34,90. (Hans-Wolfgang Bergerhausen, Würzburg) Walter, Philipp, Universität und Landtag (1500 – 1700). Akademische Landstandschaft im Spannungsfeld von reformatorischer Lehre, landesherrlicher Instrumentalisierung und ständischer Solidarität (Quellen und Forschungen zu Thüringen im Zeitalter der Reformation, 8), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2018, Böhlau, 1093 S., € 125,00. (Bernhard Homa, Stade) Kikuchi, Yuta, Hamburgs Ostsee- und Mitteleuropahandel 1600 – 1800. Warenaustausch und Hinterlandnetzwerke (Wirtschafts- und Sozialhistorische Studien, 20), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2018, Böhlau, 426 S. / Abb., € 65,00. (Mark Häberlein, Bamberg) Hoppe, Peter / Daniel Schläppi / Nathalie Büsser / Thomas Meier, Universum Kleinstadt. Die Stadt Zug und ihre Untertanen im Spiegel der Protokolle von Stadtrat und Gemeinde (1471 – 1798) (Beiträge zur Zuger Geschichte, 18), Zürich 2018, Chronos in Kommission, 320 S. / Abb., € 38,00. (Volker Reinhardt, Fribourg) Griffin, Carl J. / Briony McDonagh (Hrsg.), Remembering Protest in Britain since 1500. Memory, Materiality and the Landscape, Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, XIV u. 253 S. / Abb., € 96,29. (Georg Eckert, Wuppertal / Potsdam) Queckbörner, Boris, Englands Exodus. Form und Funktion einer Vorstellung göttlicher Erwählung in Tudor-England, Bielefeld 2017, transcript, 596 S. / Abb., € 49,99. (Andreas Pečar, Halle a. d. S.) Fleming, Gillian B., Juana I. Legitimacy and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Castile (Queenship and Power), Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, XXI 356 S. / Abb., € 103,99. (Pauline Puppel, Berlin) Heidenreich, Benjamin, Ein Ereignis ohne Namen? Zu den Vorstellungen des „Bauernkriegs“ von 1525 in den Schriften der „Aufständischen“ und in der zeitgenössischen Geschichtsschreibung (Quellen und Forschungen zur Agrargeschichte, 9), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, IX u. 350 S., € 99,95. (Wiebke Voigt, Dresden) Lehmann, Sarah, Jrdische Pilgrimschafft und Himmlische Burgerschafft. Leid und Trost in frühneuzeitlichen Leichenpredigten (The Early Modern World, 1), Göttingen 2019, V&amp;R unipress, 374 S. / Abb., € 50,00. (Volker Leppin, Tübingen) Hanß, Stefan, Lepanto als Ereignis. Dezentrierende Geschichte‍(n) der Seeschlacht von Lepanto (1571) (Berliner Mittelalter- und Frühneuzeit-Forschung, 21), Göttingen 2017, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 710 S. / Abb., € 85,00. (Cornel Zwierlein, Berlin) Hanß, Stefan, Die materielle Kultur der Seeschlacht von Lepanto (1571). Materialität, Medialität und die historische Produktion eines Ereignisses, 2 Teilbde. (Istanbuler Texte und Studien, 38.1 u. 38.2), Würzburg 2017, Ergon in Kommission, 1006 S. / Abb., € 148,00. (Cornel Zwierlein, Berlin) Nagel, Ulrich, Zwischen Dynastie und Staatsräson. Die habsburgischen Botschafter in Wien und Madrid am Beginn des Dreißigjährigen Krieges (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz. Abteilung für Universalgeschichte, 247), Göttingen 2018, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 464 S., € 80,00. (Hillard von Thiessen, Rostock) Mitchell, Silvia Z., Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman. Mariana of Austria and the Gouvernment of Spain, University Park Pennsylvania 2019, The Pennsylvania State University Press, XII u. 293 S. / Abb., $ 84,95. (Katrin Keller, Wien) Krause, Oliver, Die Variabilität frühneuzeitlicher Staatlichkeit. Die niederländische „Staats“-Formierung der Statthalterlosen Epoche (1650 – 1672) als interkontinentales Regiment (Beiträge zur Europäischen Überseegeschichte, 105), Stuttgart 2018, Steiner, 529 S., € 76,00. (Johannes Arndt, Münster) Stevens, Ralph, Protestant Pluralism. The Reception of the Toleration Act, 1689 – 1720 (Studies in Modern British Religious History, 37), Woodbridge / Rochester 2018, The Boydell Press, XIV u. 201 S., £ 65,00. (Frouke Veenstra-Vis, Groningen) Mitchell, A. Wess, The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire, Princeton / Oxford 2018, Princeton University Press, XIV u. 403 S. / Abb., $ 27,00. (Simon Karstens, Trier) Pohlig, Matthias / Michael Schaich (Hrsg.), The War of the Spanish Succession. New Perspectives (Studies of the German Historical Institute London), Oxford 2018, Oxford University Press, IX u. 509 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Anuschka Tischer, Würzburg) Vollhardt, Friedrich, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Epoche und Werk, Göttingen 2018, Wallstein, 490 S. / Abb., € 29,90. (Michael Maurer, Jena) Walliss, John, The Bloody Code in England and Wales, 1760 – 1830 (World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence), Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, XXIII u. 176 S. / graph. Darst., € 85,59. (Benjamin Seebröker, Dresden) „Die Schlesier im Ganzen taugen wahrlich nichts!“ Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büschings Briefe an seine Braut. An der Wiege der Breslauer Germanistik, hrsg., komm. u. mit einem Vorwort versehen v. Krzysztof Żarski / Natalia Żarska (Schlesische Grenzgänger, 10), Leipzig 2018, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 575 S., € 49,00. (Michael Maurer, Jena)