Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses":
1
Alqudah, Mutasim Ahmad. "Alleviating Jurisdictional Uncertainty: An Arbitration Clause or a Jurisdiction Clause?" Business Law Review 37, Issue 4 (1 agosto 2016): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2016025.
Abstract (sommario):
Disputes arising from commercial contracts involving foreign elements can be subject to litigation in many forums. Jurisdictional uncertainty has a very negative impact on engagement in international commerce. This uncertainty can be mitigated by the incorporation of either an arbitration clause or a jurisdiction clause. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of arbitration and jurisdiction clauses to show that reliance on an arbitration clause will provide parties to an international contract of commerce with a higher level of certainty. As this article clarifies, courts’ discretionary power to refuse the enforcement of arbitration clauses is less than their discretionary power to refuse enforcement of jurisdiction clauses. Courts grant a favourable treatment to arbitration clauses when enforced, whereas jurisdiction clauses are not treated as preferentially as arbitration clauses. This article concludes that if jurisdiction clauses are going to be of an equal function to arbitration clauses in terms of reducing jurisdictional uncertainty, a unified international legal framework for the enforcement of jurisdiction clauses must be in operation.
2
Garant, Patrice. "Réforme des tribunaux administratifs et contrôle judiciaire: les inconsistances et les hésitations du Rapport Ouellette". Les Cahiers de droit 29, n. 3 (12 aprile 2005): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042907ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Are privative clauses useless in contemporaneous Administrative Law ? That is what the Report of Groupe de travail sur les tribunaux administratifs presided by professor Yves Ouellette appears to assume when it recommends their abolishment to Quebec legislators. Privative clauses are statutory protection given to administrative tribunals against any judicial interference, except in the cases of want or excess of juridiction. Since the Alliance case in 1953 it has been held that superior courts cannot be deprived of their supervisory jurisdiction on jurisdictional errors of law or fact ; a full privative clause would even be unconstitutional since Crevier in 1982. More recently, in New Brunswick Liquor Corporation and in Control Data, the Supreme Court specified that jurisdictional control extends to pattently unreasonable intrajurisdictional errors of law or fact. Nevertheless, the Superior Court cannot get involved in the review of any other question of law or fact in the presence of a privative clause. That is the very reason of the enactment of such a clause as the Supreme Court recalls in Control Data. Otherwise the control of the Superior Court extends to all aspects of legality. The Ouellette Report favours on the one hand, the autonomy of Administrative Tribunals; and on the other, it recommends a more extensive control by the Courts... Not easy to reconcile !
3
Han, Changwan. "Application of Taxation Measures in Investment Arbitration". Korea International Law Review 67 (28 febbraio 2024): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2024.67.111.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the intricate relationship between taxation measures and investment agreements, highlighting the jurisdictional issues arising from clauses that exempt taxation measures from these agreements. These exclusion clauses are designed to delineate the jurisdictional boundaries of arbitral tribunals, specifying that disputes arising from taxation measures falling within these exclusions may be beyond their jurisdiction. This becomes particularly relevant when assessing whether taxation measures, excluded from the scope of investment agreements, are bona fide taxes. If they are not, the exclusion may not apply, potentially bringing the dispute within the tribunal’s purview.
Conversely, taxation measures enacted under a state’s sovereign authority, even in the absence of specific exclusion clauses, are generally unlikely to be deemed violations of investor protection obligations, such as against expropriation or breaches of fair and equitable treatment standards. The critical questions is whether the contested taxation measures are genuinely aimed at raising public revenue in a fair and equitable manner, or if they serve to discriminate against or penalize foreign investor unfairly in the guise of taxes.
This distinction is important for two reasons. First, bona fide taxation measures supported by exclusion clauses do not give rise to jurisdictional authority for an arbitral tribunal. Second, the absence of such clauses does not necessarily imply a breach of the host country’s obligations, provided the taxation measures are legitimate exercises of its sovereign power.
The thesis argues that the mere presence of exclusion clauses should not automatically legitimize all taxation actions by the host state, nor should the absence of such clauses deter the state from implementing necessary tax policies aimed at public purposes. In international investment disputes concerning taxation, the core issue is whether the taxation measures were unfairly aimed at discriminating or penalizing foreign investments, rather than achieving a legitimate public purpose or deviating from the measures promised at the time of investment attraction. Overreliance on exclusion clauses to apply clearly unreasonable measures in the guise of taxation measureless could grant jurisdiction to the arbitral tribunal. However, in the absence of such conditions, and regardless of the presence of exclusion clauses in the investment agreement, host countries should confidently implement necessary tax policies for public objectives.
4
Dimetto, Marco. "“To Fall, or Not to Fall, That Is the (Preliminary) Question”: Disputes, Compromissory Clauses and Swinging Jurisdictional Tests at the ICJ". Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 21, n. 1 (15 marzo 2022): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341464.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract More and more frequently, states resort to the ICJ, claiming the violation of international treaties and attempting to ground the jurisdiction of the Court on compromissory clauses contained therein. Despite the growing number of such cases, an analysis of recently rendered judgments on preliminary objections demonstrates that until now the Court has been unable or unwilling to identify and apply a coherent jurisdictional test to assess its jurisdiction ratione materiae. Some suggestions are formulated as for the test that the Court should apply to determine whether the claims presented by the applicant genuinely fall within the provisions of the international treaty containing the compromissory clause vel non.
5
Vylegzhanin, Alexander, e Olga I. Zinchenko. "Cases relating to the law of the sea: Issues of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 14, n. 3 (2023): 686–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.308.
Abstract (sommario):
The law of the sea (LOS) cases regularly appear on the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) docket, allowing it to rule on important substantive aspects of this branch of international law. The article focuses on the way these cases have “carved” the Court’s approaches to jurisdictional issues throughout its history. Combining theoretic and practical considerations, the study explores and assesses each jurisdictional basis set forth in Art. 36 of the Statute of the ICJ through the lens of law of the sea disputes considered by the Court: special agreements, jurisdictional clauses of treaties and “Optional clause” declarations. The study also analyses the modern trends in the settlement of the law of the sea disputes in the ICJ, their root causes, the practical “strengths and weaknesses” of various jurisdictional tools for seizin the ICJ, as well as the consequences of some of its key judgments for the future of dispute resolution in the law of the sea. The article also challenges — from a purely legal standpoint — the relevant terms (jurisdiction, competence, reservations and conditions) used in academic sources, political discourse and even in official documents on the jurisdiction of the Court. Due to a variety of fora that may be chosen by States to refer the LOS disputes, the study offers a helpful recapitulation of how the Court’s general approaches to jurisdiction were applied in the specific context of the LOS cases, which may serve as a basis for further comparative studies of jurisdictional approaches of other bodies competent to deal with the LOS disputes, inter alia providing valuable information for decision-makers on the prospects of lodging a potential application.
6
Risso, Giorgio, e Anna Chiara Amato. "Pleas of illegality and the application of domestic law in investment treaty arbitration". Cambridge International Law Journal 9, n. 1 (25 giugno 2020): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2020.01.05.
Abstract (sommario):
It is generally accepted that State Parties can rely on ‘in accordance with the host State law’ clauses (or legality clauses) with a view to curtailing arbitral tribunals' jurisdiction to disputes arising from lawful investments. Given the increasing attention dedicated to legality in modern investment treaty practice, it is likely that ‘in accordance with the host State law’ clauses will continue playing an important role in arbitration proceedings. In light of the foregoing, this article examines how arbitral tribunals interpret and apply domestic law when dealing with jurisdictional challenges based on pleas of illegality. Drawing upon the limitations to legality clauses elaborated by the case law, the authors demonstrate that tribunals tend to adopt an ‘international’ approach in interpreting and applying domestic law. The authors explain why this international approach is fundamentally flawed and suggest an alternative approach to use in future disputes.
7
Vylegzhanin, A. N., D. V. Ivanov e O. I. Zinchenko. "Claims Concerning Racial Discrimination: Jurisdictional Approaches of the International Court of Justice". Kutafin Law Review 9, n. 2 (5 luglio 2022): 355–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0525.2022.2.20.355-391.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent years have demonstrated an increase in cases that were brought before the ICJ by way of jurisdictional clauses of treaties, and never before has the Court experienced such a considerable influx of human rights-related claims. In particular, cases concerning racial discrimination, which first appeared in the Court’s docket in 2008, take up today a substantial part of its agenda: three out of fourteen cases currently pending before the ICJ concern issues of application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), while the fourth one was resolved just in 2021. The article describes the problems the Court encountered in striking the proper balance between various legal and political considerations when interpreting the jurisdictional clause of Article 22 of CERD and questions whether the ICJ has succeeded in doing so.
8
Jardón, Luis. "The Interpretation of Jurisdictional Clauses in Human Rights Treaties". Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional 13 (2013): 99–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1870-4654(13)71040-7.
9
Reinisch, August. "Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment Law". Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 16, n. 1 (21 giugno 2017): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341340.
Abstract (sommario):
The distinction between jurisdictional and admissibility issues in investment arbitration is becoming more and more relevant. This results from an emerging jurisprudence emphasizing that a tribunal that lacks jurisdiction will have to dismiss a case brought before it, while it has discretion whether to dismiss a claim for reasons of inadmissibility, in particular, because the latter defects may be curable. Conceptually this difference is rooted in the idea that “jurisdiction is an attribute of a tribunal and not of a claim, whereas admissibility is an attribute of a claim but not of a tribunal”,1 with the consequence that “[t]he concept of ‘admissibility’ refers to the varied reasons that a tribunal, although it has jurisdiction, may decline to hear a case or a claim.”2 This overview article will briefly outline a number of issues in regard to which investment tribunals have disagreed whether to qualify them as jurisdictional or admissibility-related. These range from so-called waiting periods, requiring investors to first seek amicable dispute settlement or to litigate before national courts, to express or implied “in accordance with host state law”-clauses. This article argues that the outcomes of many of these cases, which often appear to be inconsistent, may be explained on the basis of different conceptual qualifications as jurisdictional or admissibility-related issues.
10
Soon, Joel. "Jurisdictional Conflict Between the World Trade Organization and Regional Trade Agreements: Res Judicata Revisited". Journal of World Trade 56, Issue 6 (1 dicembre 2022): 899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2022037.
Abstract (sommario):
This article discusses the long-standing issue of jurisdictional conflict in World Trade Organisation (WTO) jurisprudence, which has, in the recent decades, been exacerbated by the proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). An examination of WTO jurisprudence reveals that jurisdictional conflict stems from the lack of choice of forum clauses in WTO-covered agreements, and the lack of a hierarchy of sources in international law. While there exists legal basis for the application of general principles of international law such as res judicata, a careful analysis demonstrates that there is conceptual difficulty applying the doctrine in the context of WTO disputes. To remedy this, the article argues that the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) could be amended to allow for the operation of res judicata. WTO, res judicata, jurisdiction conflict, regional trade agreements, general principles of law, Dispute Settlement Understanding
Tesi sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses":
1
Sanchez, Natalie Isabelle. "An historical and multi-jurisdictional study of jurisdiction clauses in internaional maritime carriage contracts". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12634.
Abstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation aims to engage in an historical and multi-jurisdictional study of forum selection clauses in the context of international maritime carriage contracts by: 1. Describing the historical situation which led to the inclusion of jurisdiction clauses in maritime contracts in the first place, providing background information on their regulation, construction and validity under the law, and touching upon other important preliminary considerations ( Chapter 2 ); 2. Providing a multi-jurisdictional analysis of the national regulation and enforcement of jurisdiction clauses contained in carriage agreements ( Chapter 3 ); 3. Providing an overview of the European regulation and enforcement of jurisdiction clauses contained in carriage agreements ( Chapter 4 ) ; 4. Providing an overview of the regulation and enforcement of jurisdiction clauses under the Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules ( Chapter 5 ); and 5. Offering suggestions for achieving greater harmonization of rules on jurisdiction clauses and concluding remarks ( Chapter 6 ).
2
Sparka, Felix. "Jurisdiction and arbitration clauses in maritime transport documents a comparative analysis". Berlin Heidelberg Springer, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997112905/04.
3
Serageldin, Sami. "Les clauses ayant effet à l'échelle des groupes de contrats". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30052/document.
Abstract (sommario):
L’objet de cette thèse est de dresser une méthode qui permet d’expliquer, au regard du droit commun, le phénomène de l’extension et la transmission de certaines clauses dans les chaînes de contrats et les ensembles contractuels. Cette méthode devrait aussi justifier certaines dérogations au droit commun.La thèse commence par aborder certaines questions préalables relatives aux groupes de contrats, qui ont une portée directe sur l’objet de cette étude. Les membres de l’ensemble contractuel et de la chaîne de contrats sont des tiers dans leurs rapports respectifs. L’action directe, qui constitue l’élément dynamique de la chaîne de contrats, peut s’analyser en un mécanisme de compensation multilatérale. L’ensemble contractuel multipartite ne peut produire ses effets à l’égard de ses membres que si ces derniers connaissaient l’existence des liens qui unissent leur contrat aux autres contrats de l’ensemble. Enfin, dans les ensembles contractuels bipartites, une distinction s’impose entre le véritable ensemble contractuel et entre le contrat complexe, qui n’est qu’un contrat unique divisé en plusieurs intrumentum. Une méthode chronologique est proposée, prenant en compte le nombre d’échanges de consentements ayant eu lieu entre les deux parties.Après avoir répondu à ces questions préalables, la thèse examine certaines hypothèses dans la jurisprudence dans lesquelles l’effet d’une clause a été étendu ou transmis, dans une chaîne de contrats ou un ensemble contractuel. Les clauses de compétence font l’objet du contentieux le plus abondant mais beaucoup d’autres clauses, telles que la clause limitative de responsabilité, la clause de non-concurrence, la clause de non-garantie et la clause de renonciation à recours font également l’objet d’une extension ou d’une transmission dans les groupes de contrats. L’examen de cette jurisprudence a pu écarter certaines décisions qui ont paru mal fondés et de poser des principes généraux qui peuvent gérer la problématique de l’extension et de la transmission dans les groupes de contrats.Ces règles à caractères générales dégagés après l’examen de la jurisprudence, associées aux réponses qui ont été apportées en premier lieu aux questions préalables, ont abouti à la création de la méthode recherchée. La première étape dans cette méthode est de reconnaître le type de groupe de contrats auquel on fait face : s’agit-il d’un ensemble contractuel bipartite, d’un ensemble contractuel multipartite ou d’une chaîne de contrats ?Si c’est un ensemble contractuel bipartite, la première question qu’on devrait se poser serait de savoir s’il s’agit d’un seul contrat divisé en plusieurs instrumentum, ou d’un véritable ensemble contractuel. Si le groupe prend la forme d’une chaîne de contrats ou d’un ensemble multipartite, la problématique de l’effet relatif des contrats paraît alors sur le devant de la scène. Il a été démontré que l’article 1165 ne fait obstacle qu’à l’extension des clauses à contenu obligationnel. Cinq éléments caractéristiques ont été retenus pour caractériser la clause génératrice d’obligation. Si la clause a un contenu obligationnel, elle ne peut en principe être étendue aux autres membres de la chaîne ou de l’ensemble contractuel. Sinon, la clause est potentiellement opposable.Les dérogations à l’effet relatif des contrats ne sont qu’au nombre de deux. Dans les chaînes de contrats, cette dérogation se manifeste par la transmission des droits à l’ayant cause à titre particulier. Dans les ensembles contractuels une autre dérogation au principe de l’effet relatif des contrats apparaît lorsque le respect de la force obligatoire de la clause exige inévitablement de l’étendre à un autre membre de l’ensemble.Dans les chaînes de contrats, les clauses, sans effet obligationnel, qui affectent l’existence ou le montant de la créance sont de plein droit opposables aux autres membres de la chaîneThe objet of this thesis is to create a method that could explain a phenomenon that has been observed by scholars and practitioners of law for decades; which is the extension end the transmission of certain clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Through this method one should be able, on one hand, to justify this phenomenon in regard to general principals of law and, on the other hand, to find an explanation for some necessary derogations to the Law.The first step in this thesis was to find answers for some basic questions about groups of contracts that have a direct impact on our subject. We have demonstrated that the fundament of contractual sets relies in the concept of “economy of contract”. Members of chain agreements and contractual sets should be considered as third parties in their mutual relationships. Direct action, which constitutes the dynamic face of chain agreements, could be analyzed as a multilateral set-off. In multiparty contractual sets, the set could not produce its effects in regard to its members unless it could be proven that the concerned member has knowledge of the existence of the other contracts forming the set and of the links between these contracts and his own one. Finally, in two parties’ contractual sets, it’s mandatory to distinguish between a real contractual set, and complex contract which is merely a contract written in several documents. We have proposed a chronological method to establish this distinction, taking into account the number of times the parties have exchanged their consent. After this preliminary part, we have studied precedents regarding the extension and the transmission of some clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Jurisdiction clauses and arbitration clauses are by far the most represented, but other clauses such as clauses of disclaimer of warranty, clauses of limited liability, clauses of waiver of action and clauses of non-competition are also sometimes extended or transmitted to other contracts and/or to other members in the group. Through an analysis of these decisions, we have shown that some of them didn’t have enough legal ground. Using those decisions that seemed to us well-founded, we have deduced a number of rules that could be applied for other cases of extension and transmission of clauses in groups of contracts.The rules that we have deduces from the study of the case law, together with the answers that we have provided for some preliminary questions in the first part of the thesis, have lead us to find the method we are looking for in this study.The first step in this method is to recognize the type of group of contracts involved: is it a chain agreement, a multiparty contractual set or a two parties’ set ?If it’s a contractual set between two parties, the first question should be to decide whether it’s really a contractual set, or if it’s a complex contract. If the group of contracts involved is a chain agreement or a multiparty contractual set, then one should wonder whether the doctrine of privity of contract could form an obstacle against the extension or the transmission of the clause. We have demonstrated in this thesis that article 1165 of the Civil Code is only applicable to clauses that contain an obligation. In order to qualify recognize clauses having an “obligational” content, we have proposed five fundamental elements. If the clause contains an obligation it could not be extended to the other members of the chain agreement or the contractual set. Otherwise, the clause is potentially opposable.There are only two exceptions to the doctrine of privity of contract. The first one, in chain agreements is the transmission of rights to singular successors. This exception could be justified by article 1122 of the Civil Code and by the concept of accessoire. The second exception could be seen in contractual sets where the binding authority of the clause could not be respected unless it is extended to certain third parties
4
Harris, Callista. "Incidental Determinations by International Courts and Tribunals: Subject-Matter Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Proceedings Under Compromissory Clauses". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29732.
Abstract (sommario):
Many States are parties to treaties containing compromissory clauses. By virtue of such clauses, States consent to proceedings being commenced against them in relation to “disputes concerning the interpretation or application” of a particular treaty. In practice, disputes are brought before international courts and tribunals pursuant to such clauses that not only involve issues under the rules set out in the relevant treaty, but which also involve issues under rules found outside of the treaty (“external issues” and “external rules”).
Can courts and tribunals that have been granted jurisdiction over “disputes concerning the interpretation or application” of a specific treaty decide such external issues? At present, it is not clear.
This thesis proposes an answer to the above question. It will be argued that courts and tribunals named in compromissory clauses have subject-matter jurisdiction over claims concerning the interpretation or application of the relevant treaty, regardless of whether those claims involve issues under external rules. Moreover, by applying rules forming part of the applicable law, courts and tribunals can determine those external issues that they need to determine in order for them to be able to rule on claims within their jurisdiction. They can make what will be referred to as “incidental determinations”. They can do this because courts and tribunals exercising jurisdiction under compromissory clauses have an implied power to make such incidental determinations.
5
El, Nemr Waleed. "The enforceability of time bar clauses in construction contracts : a comparative analysis between the Egyptian civil code and the English and Welsh common law jurisdictions". Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43063/.
Abstract (sommario):
Construction claims are a fact of life on all projects across the world. In an attempt to safeguard themselves against the risk of claims, employers utilise time bar clauses in construction contracts to waive the contractor’s entitlement to any additional costs or time if a notice of claim is not served by the contractor within a specific period of time. The reality of whether such a time bar is enforceable depends on the law governing the contract. Therefore, it is incumbent upon professionals contracting across different regions of the world and using standard form construction contracts that were prepared under a different jurisdictional setting than their own to be aware and acquainted with the extent to which these time bar clauses are enforceable under the law governing the contract in question. This research provides an in-depth insight regarding the enforceability of time bar clauses in English law and the Civil Code jurisdiction of Egypt, using the time bar in sub-clause 20.1 of the FIDIC 1999 Red Book as the basis for comparison. The results of this research do not solely apply to the time bar clause in the FIDIC 1999 Red Book, but also to any time bar clause in a bespoke form of contract that acts as a condition precedent. The need for this research and its uniqueness stem from the fact that it aims to fill a critical gap in the construction law literature as, while there is an abundance of literature on the enforceability of time bar clauses under English law, there is scarcely any sizeable research dedicated to the same topic under the Egyptian Civil Code. The research utilises a comparative law methodology to compare the enforceability of the FIDIC time bar across the two jurisdictions utilising three key concepts as the basis for comparison, namely statutory limitation, good faith and the prevention principle. As part of this methodology, the research takes a step beyond the subject of the research and delves into the historical origin of the similarities and differences highlighted. In doing so, the research concludes with two key premises for the causes of the similarities and differences highlighted in the research, namely the principle of freedom of contract under English law and the effect of the French Civil Code on the formation of the Egyptian Civil Code. This, in turn, results in historical elaborations of both premises.
6
Sultan, Nafea Bahr. "Compétence juridictionnelle en matière de litiges internationaux sur les opérations électroniques de banque". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10475.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se propose d’examiner et d’analyser les conditions d’application des règles françaises et européennes de compétence dans le domaine des litiges nés des opérations bancaires électroniques. De manière générale, le tribunal saisi vérifie sa compétence en analysant le différend, en déterminant les éléments du rapport de droit, en caractérisant les parties en conflit, et en établissant que les exigences de chacune des règles sont satisfaites. Mais, dans le cadre des relations bancaires électroniques, la juridiction exerce sa fonction en tenant compte des facteurs technologiques qui affectent la conclusion et l’exécution et de la relation litigieuse,et en prenant en considération le poids réel et juridique de la banque et du client.Pour que les critères juridictionnels et leurs liens de rattachement soient applicables de manière correcte, logique et équitable, la juridiction se doit appréhender avec un oeil neuf, des notions et concepts aussi variés que l’accord électronique d’élection de for, l’autorité de la banque, l’étendue de la protection des consommateurs, le domicile et la résidence, la notion de l’obligation bancaire, ainsi que le lieu de la conclusion et de la prestation de service, le lieu où se produit le fait dommageable, et le dommage économiqueThis thesis examines the possibility of applying of relevant French and European rules in the field of litigations arising from electronic banking. The seized court checks its jurisdiction by analyzing disputed subject, identifying the elements of legal relationship, characterizing the parties of the dispute, and establishing that requirements of each rule are met. Once the court exercises its function, it considers the technological factors that may affect the fulfilling way of the legal relationship and dispute over it, as well as taking into account the actual and legal weight of both bank and customer. So that, in order to practice relevant criteria and connecting links in correct, logical and fair way, it is necessary for the court to reconsider it sunderstanding of different aspects of disputed subject. In other words, the court should renew its view on several issues, such as the electronic agreement on jurisdiction, the authority of the bank, the extent of the protection of consumers, the domicile and residence, the concept of bank obligation, the place of signing and fulfilling the contract, the place where the service is provided, as well as the place of occurrence of harmful event and economic damage
7
Filbert, Nicksoni. "The Immunity Clause in the Statute of the 'African Criminal Court' and Its Impact in the Exercise of the Courts' Jurisdiction over the Crimes". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6348.
Abstract (sommario):
Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)In June 2014, the AU adopted a Protocol which included in its annexe a Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples' Rights. The Protocol proposes to expand the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples' Rights (ACJHPR) by vesting it with criminal jurisdiction. The ACJHPR will comprise of three sections, namely, a General Affairs Section, a Human and Peoples' Rights Section and an International Criminal Law Section. The Malabo Protocol, therefore, confers the proposed ACJHPR with criminal jurisdiction over international and transnational crimes. Although the Malabo Protocol and its Statute are not yet in force, the fact that in Africa there is a possibility of having the 'African Criminal Court (ACC)' deserves a critical analysis.
8
Obbed, Khair Al Deen Kadhim. "Les effets de l'Internet sur les règles de conflit de compétence internationale : comparaison entre les droits irakien, français et américain". Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0100/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La législation irakienne définit le contrat comme étant l’union d'une offre faite par la partie contractante avec l'acceptation d'une autre partie et ce de manière à établir les effets dans l'objet du contrat. Ainsi, la place occupée par le contrat de vente en droit irakien est importante. Lorsque les parties relèvent d’ordres juridiques différents, leurs rapports sont régis par le droit international privé, qui détermine le tribunal apte à trancher le litige. Cette thèse de doctorat vise alors à vérifier la capacité à appliquer les règles de conflit de compétence internationale en droit irakien sur des contrats « virtuels » ou dématérialisés. Comme nous le verrons, dans ce domaine, « virtuel » ne veut pas pour autant dire que ce contrat n’est pas réel, comme le spécifie très clairement la loi irakienne. Il reste rattaché au territoire. Le problème est que le droit irakien, en ignorant les notions de frontière et de territorialité, ne reconnaît pas sa propre « immatérialité ». Cette réalité dans les textes et la pratique implique que les opérations qui se produisent sur Internet ne sont pas prises en compte par les règles de conflits de compétence internationale. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons souhaité vérifier et comprendre la capacité et l’effectivité des règles de conflit de compétence internationale dans le cadre de litiges sur Internet. Ce faisant, nous espérons mettre en lumière les règles les plus appropriées, qui correspondent le mieux à la nature du contrat virtuel, à savoir son immatérialité. Pour ce faire, nous entreverrons quelques développements sur les litiges de l’Internet. Ainsi nous disposons de deux domaines de recherche : un premier au niveau de la législation nationale, comme le droit français et le droit américain ; un deuxième au niveau des conventions internationales, comme les conventions des Nations-Unies en 2005, la convention de la Haye en 2005, la convention de Bruxelles en 1968 ou encore les règlements de Bruxelles 2000 et 2012Iraqi law defines the contract as the union of an offer made by the contracting party with the acceptance of another party and that in order to establish the effects in the contract. The place of the sales contract under Iraqi law is important. When the parties come from different legal orders, their relations are governed by the private international law which determines the court will decide. This thesis research aims to test the ability to apply the international rules of conflict of jurisdiction under Iraqi law on the virtual contract, which is paperless. We shall see, this is not to mean however that the contract is not real, as clearly specifies Iraqi law. It remains attached to the territory. In contrast, the Iraqi law does not recognize its immaterial that meanwhile ignores borders and notions of territoriality. This reality in the texts and practices therefore makes transactions that occur on the Internet are not taken into account by the rules of international jurisdiction conflicts. That is why, we wanted to check and understand the capacity and effectiveness of international jurisdiction conflict rules in the context of Internet disputes. So we will try to find the most appropriate rules, consistent with the nature of the virtual contract, namely its immateriality. This search will reveal developments in litigation of the Internet. Thus, it takes two directions: first at the national legislation, such as French and US law. Second, at the stage of international conventions such as the United Nations Conventions 2005, Hague Convention, the Brussels Convention 1968 and the 2000 and 2012 regulations
9
Davila, Valdiviezo Charlotte. "Les stratégies contentieuses en matière civile et commerciale : étude à partir du Règlement Bruxelles I bis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO30032.
Abstract (sommario):
Si le terme de stratégie n’est que peu accolé au domaine juridique, les stratégies visant à utiliser le droit à son avantage ont toujours existé. Afin de mettre en lumière ce phénomène, ce travail de thèse s’est penché plus spécifiquement sur les stratégies qui s’initient autour d’un point d’ancrage qui est le procès : les stratégies contentieuses. Le postulat de départ était celui de l’importance primordiale de la connaissance des règles et du cadre pour naviguer efficacement vers une issue favorable. Les règles sont ici entendues dans un sens large qui comprend les règles juridiques des États membres et de l’Union, la jurisprudence de leurs cours de justice, mais aussi tout le contexte économique, politique, sociale et culturelle entourant les parties et leur litige.La pratique contentieuse stratégique dans l’espace européen méritait alors de revenir en détails sur les différents acteurs intervenant au cours de la stratégie (parties, juges nationaux, juges européens) mais aussi sur l’histoire et l’évolution de l’Union européenne et de son droit.Cette recherche de connaissance des règles, nous a également amené à revenir sur le cadre conceptuel et les réalisations concrètes s’agissant de la compétence juridictionnelle dans l’Union européenne, pour mettre en lumière un système complexe gravitant autour du règlement Bruxelles 1bis et d’une Cour de justice de l’Union, actrice et promotrice de l’intégration européenne. Cependant, l’élaboration de stratégies ne s’arrête pas à la compréhension des règles, mais exige leur anticipation et leur adaptation à des réalités changeantes. Le choix du tribunal devient alors une manœuvre stratégique, guidée à la fois par des critères objectifs et subjectifs.Examiner l’histoire européenne ainsi que le parcours des acteurs de la stratégie offre une opportunité pour saisir leurs modes de fonctionnement et pour anticiper leurs actions dans le contexte d'une Europe multiculturelle, constituée d’États membres souverains. Il s’agira de prédire les évolutions juridiques, les revirements jurisprudentiels, les positionnements favorables, ou encore les actions qui sont de nature à rencontrer les objectifs économiques ou politiques de l’Union, tout en gardant en tête que les juges peuvent toujours être à l’origine de biais dans le processus de jugement. Il s’agira également de connaître l’histoire de l’adversaire afin d’estimer ses forces et ses faiblesses pour ajuster la stratégie en conséquence.Il n’existe pas de voie unique dans la réussite d’une stratégie contentieuse : le succès d’une stratégie est largement tributaire de la perception qu’en a le justiciable, de ses objectifs et attentes. Le choix de la juridiction peut alors se faire en fonction des garanties procédurales offertes, de la prévisibilité de la décision, ou encore de l’application de règles spécifiques attachées au for.La stratégie contentieuse peut aussi consister à se détacher de ce schéma pour rechercher une résolution alternative par des modes amiables ou l’arbitrage.Alors que l’approche stratégique peut être tentée de s’affranchir des contraintes éthiques ou morales par l’utilisation de manœuvres dévoyant l’objectif des textes, il est essentiel de rappeler que la possibilité d’une stratégie à la fois profitable et vertueuse existe. A défaut, les juges nationaux et européens joueront leur rôle en tant que garde-fous de l’intégrité du systèmeWhile the term "strategy" is rarely associated with the legal field, strategies aimed at leveraging the law to one's advantage have always existed. To shed light on this phenomenon, this thesis focuses specifically on litigation strategies that revolve around a trial as a central point.The starting assumption was the paramount importance of understanding the rules and the framework to effectively navigate towards an advantageous outcome. Rules here are broadly defined to include the legal rules of the member states and the Union, the case law of their courts, and the entire economic, political, social, and cultural context surrounding the parties and their dispute.Strategic litigation practice in the European area then warranted a detailed review of the various actors involved in the strategy (parties, national judges, European judges), as well as the history and evolution of the European Union and its law.This quest for knowledge of the rules also led us to revisit the conceptual framework and concrete achievements concerning jurisdiction in the European Union, highlighting a complex system revolving around the Brussels 1bis Regulation and a Court of Justice of the Union, both an actor and promoter of European integration.However, the development of strategies does not stop at understanding the rules but requires their anticipation and adaptation to changing realities. The choice of court then becomes a strategic maneuver, guided by both objective and subjective criteria.Reviewing European history as well as the trajectory of the strategic actors provides an opportunity to grasp their operating modes and to anticipate their actions within the context of a multicultural Europe, composed of sovereign member states. It will be about predicting legal developments, jurisprudential reversals, advantageous positions, or even actions that are likely to meet the economic or political objectives of the Union, while keeping in mind that judges can always introduce bias into the judgment process. It will also involve understanding the adversary's history in order to estimate their strengths and weaknesses to adjust the strategy accordingly.However, there is no single path to the success of a litigation strategy: the success of a strategy largely depends on the perception of the litigant, their objectives and expectations. The choice of jurisdiction can then be made based on the procedural guarantees offered, the predictability of the decision, or the application of specific rules attached to the forum.The litigation strategy can also involve breaking away from this scheme to seek an alternative resolution through amicable methods or arbitration.While the strategic approach may be tempted to free itself from ethical or moral constraints by using maneuvers that pervert the purpose of the texts, it is essential to remember that a strategy can be both profitable and virtuous. Failing this, national and European judges will play their role as safeguards of the system's integrity
10
Cohen, Caroline. "Les normes permissives en droit international privé. Etude critique". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020081/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Pour étudier le phénomène paradoxal d’un renforcement de l’autonomie de la volonté parallèlement à une multiplication des impérativités en droit international privé contemporain, le concept de norme permissive apparaît particulièrement pertinent. Il permet de saisir l’ensemble des énoncés normatifs où l’auteur de la norme octroie à un destinataire une faculté de faire ou de ne pas faire, qu’il s’agisse du juge lorsqu’il lui est permis de surseoir à statuer en cas de connexité ou des parties lorsqu’il leur est permis de choisir la loi applicable à un contrat international.L’étude du droit positif montre que les manifestations des normes permissives sont nombreuses, tant dans les conflits de lois que de juridictions et qu’elles obéissent à des logiques distinctes selon qu’elles octroient une faculté au juge ou aux parties. Dans cette seconde hypothèse, en effet, il n’est plus question d’une liberté octroyée par la règle de droit mais d’une liberté concédée dans le choix de la règle de droit. Cette spécificité, conjuguée à la multiplication des normes permissives en droit international privé, a donc justifié que leur efficacité soit éprouvée.Dans cette perspective, le présupposé selon lequel les normes permissives constitueraient une traduction normative adéquate de l’objectif de prévisibilité des solutions, qui sert de justification à leur admission, doit être remis en cause. L’appréciation critique de ce postulat permet de proposer que les normes permissives n’occupent, à l’avenir, qu’un rôle résiduel en droit international privé, soit comme instrument de consensus soit comme palliatif à l’indétermination d’un critère de rattachement suffisamment prévisibleIn order to study the paradoxical phenomenon of the rise of party autonomy in parallel with the multiplication of mandatory norms in contemporary private international law, the concept of permissive rule is particularly apposite. It accounts for all instances where the law-making body grants a beneficiary the possibility to do or not to do something; be it the judge when he is authorized to stay the proceedings in case of related actions, or the parties when they are authorized to choose the law applicable to an international contract.A study of the positive law shows that permissive rules are numerous in both Choice of laws and Jurisdiction and that they operate under distinct logics depending on whether they grant a possibility to a judge or to the parties. In the latter case, the issue at stake is no longer whether a right is granted by the legal rule, but rather whether a right is conceded in the choice of the legal rule. This specificity, together with the proliferation of permissive rules in private international law, warrants that their relevancy be tested.In this context, the assumption that permissive norms would adequately serve the purpose of foreseeability of solutions, which forms the basis for their adoption, must be questioned. This critical assessment leads to the proposal that permissive norms should, in the future, play only a residual role in private international law, either as a way to reach consensus or as a stopgap in the absence of a sufficiently foreseeable connecting factor
Libri sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses":
1
Sparka, Felix. Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6.
2
Sparka, Felix. Jurisdiction and arbitration clauses in maritime transport documents: A comparative analysis. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.
3
Sparka, Felix. Jurisdiction and arbitration clauses in maritime transport documents: A comparative analysis. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.
4
Törber, Gunnar. The contractual nature of the optional clause. Oxford, United Kingdom: Hart Publishing, 2015.
5
International Congress of Comparative Law (14th 1994 Athens, Greece). Les clauses d'exception en matière de conflits de lois et de conflits de juridictions, ou, le principe de proximité: XIVe congrès international de droit comparé = Exception clauses in conflicts of laws and conflicts of jurisdictions, or, the principle of proximity : XIVth International Congress of Comparative Law. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.
6
Wolf, Ronald Charles. The practitioners' treatise on international joint ventures: Basic structures, essential documents, special problems, common and civil law jurisdictions with multiple clauses and forms. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2015.
7
Lupoi, Michele Angelo. Conflitti transnazionali di giurisdizioni. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2002.
8
Ribstein, Larry E. The law market. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
9
Katia, Yannaca-Small. Part III Guide to Key Jurisdictional Issues, 16 The Umbrella Clause: Is the Umbrella Closing? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0016.
Abstract (sommario):
‘Umbrella clauses’ are inserted in treaties to provide additional protection to investors and are directed at covering investment agreements that host countries frequently conclude with foreign investors. Inclusion of umbrella clauses in investment treaties provides a mechanism to make host States’ promises ‘enforceable’ and comes as an additional protection of investor-state contracts, which raises the controversial issue of whether the umbrella clause seeks to elevate contractual breaches to treaty breaches. For a better understanding of the clause, this chapter (i) gives an overview of its history; (ii) briefly discusses the significance of the language included in a number of bilateral investment treaties; and (iii) looks at the effect, scope and conditions of application of the umbrella clause as interpreted by arbitral tribunals.
10
Campbell, McLachlan, Shore Laurence e Weiniger Matthew. Part II Ambit of Protection, 5 Nationality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0005.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter 5 examines the nationality of the claimant as a jurisdictional condition to the ambit of protections afforded by investment treaties. It first provides an overview of the nationality requirement in investment law before discussing the role of precedent in resolving three key controversial jurisdiction ratione personae issues: (1) the dual nationality of individuals; (2) the problems arising from corporations under foreign control; and (3) the restructuring of corporate nationality in order to seek to achieve the benefits of treaty protection. The chapter analyses the nationality and control requirements of both the ICSID Convention and of investment treaties themselves. It concludes with the effectiveness of denial of benefits clauses.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses":
1
Furculiță, Cornelia. "Assessment of the Jurisdictional Clauses in the New Generation EU FTAs". In The WTO and the New Generation EU FTA Dispute Settlement Mechanisms, 251–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83118-9_10.
2
Rutgers, Jacobien W. "Private International Law and International Jurisdiction". In International Reservation of Title Clauses, 69–165. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-457-8_3.
3
Sparka, Felix. "Inconvenient and Unfair Choice of Forum Clauses". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 125–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_7.
4
Sparka, Felix. "Introduction". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_1.
5
Sparka, Felix. "Future Developments – the Hamburg Rules and Beyond". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 189–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_10.
6
Sparka, Felix. "General Observations and Conclusions". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 219–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_11.
7
Sparka, Felix. "The Legal Framework for Choice of Forum Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 19–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_2.
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Sparka, Felix. "Bills of Lading and other Maritime Transport Documents". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 39–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_3.
9
Sparka, Felix. "Common Types of Choice of Forum Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 63–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_4.
10
Sparka, Felix. "Classification of Choice of Forum Clauses and their Separability from the Main Contract". In Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses in Maritime Transport Documents, 81–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10222-6_5.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Jurisdictional clauses":
1
Kravchenko, Oleg. "Constitutional and legal issues of application of clause 1, part 1, article 39 of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation". In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-161-167.
Abstract (sommario):
Accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation indicates adherence to the principle of legality in criminal proceedings and the achievement of goals on the protection of rights and lawful interests of the affected parties, as well as on protection of individual from wrongful and unfounded accusations and restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Science addresses the general questions pertaining to determination of the place of preliminary investigation, but does not give due attention to realization of discretionary powers of the higher investigating authority to determination of the place of preliminary investigation. The article reveals the essential conditions for application of such power by the investigating authority, and analyzes case law for compliance with these conditions. The conclusion is made that legislation does not contain clear and specific rules for determination of the place of preliminary investigation, including the territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention. The author describes the flaws in legal regulation associated with the possibility of determination of jurisdiction of a case in administrative proceedings, by means of law enforcement decision prior to the emergence of legal situation (for example, before submission of a request for the election or extension of pre-trial detention) by lowering the rank of investigating authority, for example to district level. From the practical perspective, elimination of such flaws should facilitate the proper application of the corresponding legal norm, as well as accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation.
2
van Schalkwyk, Negar, Hong Wang, Iain Colquhoun e Joe Paviglianiti. "Quality Assurance for Quenched and Tempered Pipeline Fittings: A Regulator’s Perspective and Plan of Action". In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78299.
Abstract (sommario):
Heat treated pipeline fittings (principally elbows, tees, and reducers) require careful process control. For example, furnace temperature, placement of the fittings in the furnace, transfer time to quenching tank, adequacy of quench or tempering time can all impact the fittings’ mechanical properties if not done properly. In recent years, the National Energy Board (NEB) became aware of instances of quenched and tempered (Q&T) pipe and fittings having mechanical properties that did not meet Canadian Standards Association (CSA) or similar standards, being installed on pipeline systems under NEB and other regulatory bodies’ jurisdiction. In 2013, a pipeline rupture occurred on an NEB-regulated pipeline. Although failure to meet mechanical specifications was not the cause of the incident, the investigations revealed that there were fittings installed on the pipeline with yield strength of less than Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS). The NEB undertook further investigations to determine if this low yield issue might indicate a systemic problem. In the cases examined, contrary to the recorded information in the Material Test Reports (MTRs), not all fittings met the specified mechanical properties requirements, and this was due to inadequate controls in the Quality Assurance Programs (QAPs) of different stakeholders. It is also important to note that MTR results based on a coupon test may not always reflect the properties of each fitting produced following that process. The NEB has taken several actions in order to address this potential issue including: - Issuing industry-wide Safety Advisories - Issuing Orders to all companies under its jurisdiction - Commissioning a third party to investigate and write a technical paper on this issue - Hosting a technical workshop to facilitate broad dialogue between various stakeholders (using the technical paper as a seed document) In this paper, the authors first review the manufacturing process of Q&T fittings. Then case studies are discussed involving four instances of nonconforming fittings. Lastly the authors propose solutions for different stakeholders to effect improvement in Quality Assurance (QA) of pipeline fittings. The authors also recommended enhancement of applicable clauses in related standards and initiation of several research and development (R&D) projects.