Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Juges – Attitude"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Juges – Attitude":
1
Murphy, Richard. "Politics and Policy Change in American Administrative Law". Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2010): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i2.4502.
Abstract (sommario):
This essay uses Justice Scalia’s and Breyer’s dueling opinions in FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. (2009), as a vehicle for exploring the contested relationship between politics and policy change in administrative law. In Fox, a five – justice majority led by Justice Scalia insisted that an agency’s abandonment of an old policy position in favor of a new one should survive review for arbitrariness so long as the agency explains why its new position is reasonable. A different five – justice majority (yes – that adds up to ten) led by Justice Breyer thought that Justice Scalia’s stance left too much room for politicization of policymaking. To curb such influence, Justice Breyer insisted that an agency, to justify abandoning an old policy, must explain why it was reasonable to change from its old policy to the new one. Neither of these two approaches in Fox hits quite the right note. Justice Scalia’s view unduly minimizes the problem of politicization. Justice Breyer’s solution seems formalistic and easy to evade. A better way forward may lie in combining Justice Scalia’s simpler framework with Justice Breyer’s more suspicious attitude. Taking a cue from Justice Frankfurter in Universal Camera, the courts should respond to the potential for excessive politicization of agency policymaking not with more doctrinal metaphysics but with a suspicious “mood.”Cet article se base sur les opinions adverses des juges Scalia et Breyer dans FCC v. Fox Television Stations Inc. (2009) comme véhicule pour explorer le rapport contesté entre la politique et les changements de politiques en droit administratif. Dans Fox, une majorité de cinq juges dirigée par le juge Scalia a insisté que l’abandon d’une ancienne politique par une agence en faveur d’une nouvelle politique devrait survivre à un examen pour juger si elle est arbitraire en autant que l’agence explique pourquoi sa nouvelle politique est raisonnable. Une autre majorité de cinq juges (oui – cela fait dix) dirigée par le juge Breyer a trouvé que la position du juge Scalia laissait trop de place à la politisation de l’élaboration de politiques. Pour enrayer cette influence, le juge Breyer a insisté que l’agence, pour justifier l’abandon d’une ancienne politique, doit expliquer pourquoi il était raisonnable de changer de l’ancienne à la nouvelle. Ni l’une ni l’autre de ces approches n’est tout à fait dans la note. L’avis du juge Scalia minimise trop le problème de politisation. La solution du juge Breyer semble formaliste et facile à contourner. Une meilleure façon d’avancer serait peut – être de combiner le cadre plus simple du juge Scalia avec l’attitude plus soupçonneuse du juge Breyer. En suivant l’exemple du juge Frankfurter dans Universal Camera, les tribunaux devraient réagir contre le potentiel de politisation excessive de l’élaboration de politiques par une agence non pas avec une métaphysique plus doctrinale mais avec une «disposition» soupçonneuse.
2
Cliche, Marie-Aimée. "L’infanticide dans la région de Québec (1660-1969)". Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 44, n. 1 (24 settembre 2008): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/304862ar.
Abstract (sommario):
RÉSUMÉ Depuis le début de la colonie jusqu’à nos jours, un certain nombre de jeunes filles ont eu recours à l’infanticide pour échapper au déshonneur d’une maternité hors mariage. Les 392 cas repérés dans les archives judiciaires du district de Québec révèlent que les circonstances entourant l’infanticide et les motivations des mères n’ont pas changé au cours de trois siècles, bien que leur nombre aille en diminuant. L’attitude des juges, par contre, évolue énormément, passant d’une sévérité impitoyable sous le Régime français à une attitude de clémence pleine de paternalisme à partir du XIXe siècle. On relève les mêmes traits dans d’autres régions, notamment en Ontario, ce qui dénote des comportements semblables dans les sociétés qui partagent les mêmes valeurs patriarcales.
3
Ferreri, Silvia. "General Report: Complexity of Transnational Sources". European Review of Private Law 20, Issue 1 (1 febbraio 2012): 3–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2012002.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The general report highlights the replies given to nine questions, by scholars from different legal systems. The problem of the fragmentation of international sources of law has been widely considered in the literature. It affects also the private law field. Judges and practitioners dealing with cross-border cases have to districate themselves between local rules on conflict of laws, international treaties on the law applicable to transnational relationships, conventions providing uniform material rules, and collections of principles by non-governmental organizations. The enquiry showed that the concern about the difficulty of districating this complex network of rules is mainly shown by academics. The supporting role of the executive (providing information about international obligations) is not everywhere reliable. Judges sometimes receive special training to tackle the increasing complexity of transnational law, but mostly in connection with EU law. The benefit that might be attached to a courts' specialization (in international commercial matters) is not as higly valued as to be implemented everywhere; the attitude of administrative, commercial, criminal courts is not perceived as highly diversified. In some countries the courts do adopt strategies to elude the difficulty (by a presumption of identity of the foreign sources with the local ones, by attaching a waiver of their rights to the parties' omission to plead the foreign law immediately, etc.). No definite suggestions on how to increase the awareness about the problem and how to face it seem easily available. Résumé: Le rapport général commente les réponses données par les rapporteurs nationaux à neuf questions concernant la complexité des sources transnationales. Le problème de la fragmentation des sources internationales du droit est discutée depuis de nombreuses années dans la littérature juridique: elle concerne aussi le droit privé. Les juges, les avocats, les praticiens du droit confrontés à des questions qui dépassent les frontières nationales doivent se débattre parmi les règles nationales de droit international privé, les traités internationaux concernant les conflits de lois, les conventions qui règlent de façon uniforme les rapports transnationaux, les innombrables principes issus d'organisations non gouvernementales. Les études entreprises dans ce secteur indiquent que le souci concernant la difficulté à s'orienter parmi cet ensemble inextricable de règles est exprimé principalement par le monde académique, tandis que le pouvoir exécutif (chargé d'informer les juristes sur les obligations internationals de l'Etat) ne joue pas toujours efficacement son rôle de support; une formation spéciale est offerte aux juges, mais surtout pour le droit de l'Union Européenne; l'avantage qui pourrait dériver d'une spécialisation des cours (en droit du commerce international) n'est pas considéré partout comme une nécessité; le comportement des tribunaux administratifs, criminels, commerciaux n'est pas perçu comme très différencié selon le sujet des sources transnationales. Les juges de certains pays mettent en oeuvre des stratégies pour contourner ces difficultés (en faisant recours à une presumption d'identité entre le droit étranger et le droit national, en présumant une renonciation à l'application du droit extra-national si les parties n'ont pas soulevé la question dès le début du procès, etc.). Il n'est pas aisé de formuler des suggestions sur la façon dont on pourrait augmenter la perception du problème ni sur la manière par laquelle on pourrait faire face à cette complexité croissante.
4
Malandain, Gilles. "La conspiration solitaire d'un ouvrier théophilanthrope : Louvel et l'assassinat du duc de Berry en 1820." Revue historique o 614, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2000): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhis.g2000.614n2.0367.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé L'article se propose d'éclairer, à travers le cas de Louvel, l'ouvrier sellier qui assassina le duc de Berry le 13 février 1820, certains aspects de la place du peuple en politique sous la monarchie censitaire. L'étude porte d'abord sur la façon dont Louvel a été perçu et jugé en 1820 : dans des registres distincts, discours politiques et judiciaires, occasionnels et mémoires montrent tous la difficulté des contemporains à comprendre ou à admettre la possibilité d'un acte autonome et délibéré, et à en discuter le sens politique. Dans un second temps, l'analyse de sources judiciaires originales permet de saisir le point de vue de Louvel lui-même et son attitude face à ses juges. S'y dessine le portrait d'un patriote formé par l'éducation révolutionnaire et admirateur de Napoléon, décidé à revendiquer jusqu'au bout la pleine responsabilité d'un acte vécu comme un sacrifice exemplaire et justifié, et qui peut apparaître comme une protestation cohérente contre le refoulement du plus grand nombre hors du jeu politique.
5
Vergès, Etienne, e Lara Khoury. "Le traitement judiciaire de la preuve scientifique : une modélisation des attitudes du juge face à la connaissance scientifique en droit de la responsabilité civile". Les Cahiers de droit 58, n. 3 (12 settembre 2017): 517–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041010ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Le traitement judiciaire de la preuve scientifique en droit de la responsabilité civile en présence d’incertitude ou de débats est un sujet qui fait couler de plus en plus d’encre. Dans leur étude de droit comparé qui porte sur des jugements au fond de la France et du Québec, les auteurs évaluent la façon dont le juge accède à la conviction qu’un fait est prouvé lorsque cette représentation intellectuelle passe par la médiation de la connaissance scientifique, c’est-à-dire qu’elle nécessite d’avoir recours à une analyse scientifique de la situation de fait. L’étude s’interroge donc sur la manière dont les juges français et québécois appréhendent cette connaissance scientifique et se focalise ainsi sur le rapport des juges à la connaissance scientifique. En se penchant sur le raisonnement judiciaire français et québécois en matière de responsabilité civile, l’étude permet d’évaluer ce rapport au sein d’un champ de droit dont les racines sont similaires dans les deux ressorts, à la lumière toutefois d’une structure judiciaire et d’un droit de la preuve distincts.
6
Schnabel, Konrad, e Jens B. Asendorpf. "Free Associations as A Measure of Stable Implicit Attitudes". European Journal of Personality 27, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1890.
Abstract (sommario):
Two studies explored the psychometric properties of free association methods for the assessment of attitudes. Even though the stability of the actual associations was rather low, psychometric properties of the valence estimates of the free associations were highly satisfactory. Valence estimates of associations were provided by independent judges who rated the valence of the associations that were generated by participants. Valence estimates of the associations showed satisfactory internal consistencies and retest reliabilities over three weeks. Additionally, valence estimates of the associations were significantly and independently related to both explicit self–reported attitudes and implicit attitudes that were assessed with an Ossi–Wessi Implicit Association Test. Free association methods represent a useful complement to the family of implicit measures and are especially suitable for the assessment of non–relative attitudes towards single attitude objects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7
Saji, Sherin Maria, Vinaya Kumar Hebsale Mallappa e Minal Rathwa. "A Tool to Measure the Attitude of Farmers Toward Conservation Agriculture". INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION 59, n. 2 (2023): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59225.
Abstract (sommario):
When assessing farmers’ predispositions and developing a strategy for extension work in the region, the attitude of farmers toward conservation agriculture is a crucial consideration. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing farmers’ attitudes toward conservation agriculture. The scale product method is used to construct the scale. It is a hybrid of the Likert and Thurstone techniques. The study was conducted in March 2022. On a 5-point scale, 65 judges evaluated 25 statements. Finally, 18 statements including 14 positive statements and 4 negative statements were chosen to build a scale that would assess the attitude of farmers towards conservation agriculture. The scale was found reliable, with the reliability coefficient (r) (Guttman split-half Coefficient and Spearman-Brown Coefficient Equal Length) determined to be 0.917. The scale’s validity was evaluated using expert judgement. Employing the scale in research will aid in knowing farmers’ attitudes about conservation agriculture.
8
Maula, Bani Syarif, e Vivi Ariyanti. "The Application of the Principle of Judges’ Independence in Blasphemy Cases in Indonesia's Post-Reform Era". Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, n. 2 (11 novembre 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i2.3465.
Abstract (sommario):
This research departs from a paradigm that the freedom of judges is a form of court independence, which requires that decisions taken must consider objectivity without pressure from any party. This study focuses on the attitude of judges' independence from factors that can influence court decisions, both internal and external factors related to the interests of certain groups. Based on these problems, this study addresses the issue of the independence of judges in cases of blasphemy. This type of research is empirical normative with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data sought for this research is data that comes from the facts of the application of material and formal law by judges in court. In addition, this data is also strengthened by interviews. This study concludes that the analysis of the application of the blasphemy article proves that judges as law enforcers have difficulty translating the substance of blasphemy because of the unclear formulation of Article 156a letter 'a' of the Indonesian Criminal Code. The judge's decision in the blasphemy case does not reflect the independence values of the judges who decide the case. Judges in making decisions on cases handled must be based on their ability to think and will freely (independently) but within the limitations of responsibility and objectivity. The panel of judges in blasphemy cases tends to adopt a more general and situation-oriented attitudes.
9
Medley, Morris L., e James A. Schellenberg. "Attitudes of Indiana judges toward mediation". Mediation Quarterly 11, n. 4 (giugno 1994): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900110405.
10
Gunarto, Marcus Priyo. "Sikap Memidana yang Berorientasi pada Tujuan Pemidanaan". Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 21, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2012): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16248.
Abstract (sommario):
Punitive attitudes of law enforcers in some criminal cases seem not to benefit the convict, as it does not support the main objective of the criminal justice system. This is because of the absence of binding direction which guides judges in making judgments. In order to benefit the convict, criminal law should formulate a binding direction as well as individualizing punishment which bind all the criminal court. Moreover, there should also be a common understanding among law enforcers that punitive attitude should be balanced with curing attitude. Therefore, physical, substantial and cultural synchronization are needed. The physical synchronization can be conducted through synergy among law enforcers as part of the criminal justice system. The substantial synchronization can be realized through the availability of common understanding among law enforces.
Tesi sul tema "Juges – Attitude":
1
Galli, Jean-Jacques. "Le rôle du juge civil dans la recherche de la vérité". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32039.
Abstract (sommario):
Le magistrat va pouvoir recourir tout d'abord a une recherche interne de la verite a l'audience publique ou en chambre du conseil vers les composantes irreductibles de tout litige, en l'occurrence les pieces du proces et les parties a l'instance. Cette recherche interne va permettre au juge de beneficier d'une connaissance des pieces par leur production volontaire ou forcee et de realiser egalement un examen de celles-ci si leur sincerite est contestee ou leur interpretation necessaire. Cette meme recherche interne peut conduire aussi le magistrat vers un controle ou des investigations concernant les declarations es parties susceptibles de constituer un aveu, un serment une presomption ou l'equivalent d'un commencement de preuve par ecrit. Par ailleurs le juge va pouvoir le cas echeant instaurer une recherche externe de la verite en direction des faits, hors de l'audience ou, vers des tiers etran gers au lien, d'instance initial. Cette recherche externe va permettre au magistrat de mener relativement aux faits du proces des investigations personnelles ou de confier a un homme de l'art une mission technique. Cette meme recherche externe peut conduire egalement le juge a proceder a l'audition de tiers en qualite de temoin, d'amicus curiae ou encore a la mise en cause de certains autres ; enfin le tiers associe a cette manifestation de la verite peut avoir lui-meme la qualite de magistrat du parquet ou du siegeThe inner search for truth will allow the judge to benefit from a knowledge of the documents by a volontary or forced exhibition and also to carry out an examination of these, if their sincerity is challenged or their interpretatiion is necessary. This same inner search can also lead the magistrate to a supervisioin or to investigations concerning the parties declarations susceptible of constituing a confession, an oath, a presumption of the beginning of a written proof equivalent. By another way, the judge will establish an outer search for truth in direction of the facts out of the course or toward third persons forrigners from the initial case. This outer search will allow the magistrate to lead personnal investigations cooncerning the case's facts or the intrust a specialist for a technical mission. This same outer search can also lead the judge to proceed to the audition of thirds as witnesses, as amicus curiae, or to the bringing into of some others finally, the third associated to this truth manifestation can himself be a publiv peosecutor or a judge
2
Razafy, Lala. "La déontologie des magistrats". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10059.
3
Beauvallet, Olivier. "Le juge et l'expert : savoir et qualification". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0065.
Abstract (sommario):
La participation de l'expert aux procédures judiciaires soulève de nombreuses interrogations portant sur la place qui lui est consentie dans le cadre de l'instruction judiciaire, de la décision elle-même mais aussi dans l'exécution de celle-ci. Dans un premier temps, le contexte judiciaire de l'expertise est étudié. Le fait juridique n'est en effet interprété qu'en fonction de la conscience du juge. Au demeurant, l'expertise se généralise en tant que moyen probatoire. Dans une seconde partie, une distinction est opérée entre domaines d'expertise. Effectivement, les expertises apparues le plus tôt se sont définitivement imposées d'autant qu'elles portaient sur la personnalité du délinquant. En revanche, d'autres notions propices à l'expertise ne bénéficient pas du même développement car leur appréciation se trouve réduite par l'exercice de la souveraineté des juridictions du fond. Or, une telle souveraineté méconnaît parfois l'interprétation technique donnée au fait juridique. Dès lors, le dernier développement montre comment les sciences cherchent à s'introduire dans les mécanismes répressifs. La médecine prétend désormais contribuer à l'exécution de la sanction pénale. D'autres auxiliaires envisagent de se substituer aux juridictions en proposant des modes alternatifs de résolution des conflits. Mais le juge réagit encore en opposant sa souveraineté à l'apparition d'un pouvoir du savoir, soit par le refus de la technique ou son emploi au profit du droit, soit en s'associant à des valeurs morales pour réintroduire le droit, notamment dans le domaine du sport et de la politique [résumé de l'auteur]The expert's participation in legal proceedings raises problems about this person's place on the judicial investigation. It also troubles the judge's decision, and the enforcement of the law. Firstly, the judicial environment of the expert's activities is detailed. The fact in law is only understood according to the judge's mind, and occasionally, the expert's explanations. Besides, the expertise is operated under the procedural rules that the judge must check either when the experiment is made or when the survey is publisched. By all means, the expertise is regarded now as the best way to produce evidence, even in ethical or social matters. Secondly, one makes a distinction between the matters of expertise. Some of the earliest ones are definitively settled in the proceedings. This is in particular the case of the insane or the minor. On the contrary, some others do not profit from the same developpement because of the prevalence of the jurisdiction's sovereignty. Nevertheless, this use of the judicial sovereignty may lead to ignore the technical explanations. Thirdly, science tries to introduce itself in the judicial system. The medical sciences now participate in the execution of the punishment. But on the whole, the judicial power uses of his own sovereignty to elude the birth of the new power of knowledge [summary of the autor]
4
Bolard, Vincent. "L' équité dans la réalisation méthodique du droit privé : principes pour un exercice rationnel et légitime du pouvoir de juger". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010259.
Abstract (sommario):
L'équité est une technique consistant à donner une solution non déduite des règles préétablies, mais qui serait légitime, c'est-à-dire conforme à l'idéal d'équité. Elle semble incompatible avec la réalisation méthodique du droit privé, promue par MOTULSKY, et qui veut que le droit subjectif se déduise du droit objectif par syllogisme. Mais en réalité seule l'équité subjective, «justice du cas concret», est inconciliable avec la méthode. Et l'équité subjective n'est pas l'équité. La norme subjective est structurellement illégitime, qui échappe au débat démocratique, et viole l'égalité de droit, la sécurité juridique, etc. A l'inverse, le juge qui recourt à l'équité objective, en élaborant une règle objective nouvelle, peut appliquer cette règle par syllogisme. L'élaboration de la règle devra procéder d'une démarche dialectique, permettant de réaliser une synthèse relativement objective entre plusieurs sentiments d'équité. Et la règle, applicable à tous les cas semblables, sera soumise au débat démocratique. L'équité objective permettra ainsi un exercice rationnel et légitime du pouvoir de juger, respectant l'égalité de droit et l'idéal démocratique.
5
Vivien, Anne-Cécile. "L'autolimitation du juge administratif". Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33030.
Abstract (sommario):
L'autolimitation du juge administratif, en ce qu'elle n'a jamais été abordée mérite une étude particulière. Elle traduit une certaine conception jurisprudentielle qui révèle sa volonté de création prétorienne et le statut qu'il confère à nos autorités. Elle traduit également une politique jurisprudentelle de respect de l'activité administrative et de défense de l'institution jusridictionnelle
6
Camara, Boubacar. "Le contentieux douanier au Sénégal : réflexions sur la place du juge dans le traitement des infractions". Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21004.
Abstract (sommario):
L'inspiration historique française a largement contribué à la spécificité du droit douanier répressif au Sénégal avec une place octroyée au juge par rapport à l'administration. Dans la mise en oeuvre de la politique répressive, l'exclusion de l'élément moral, le recours aux présomptions de fraude, la grande force probante de certains moyens de preuve, le régime juridique des sanctions douanières ainsi que le système des responsabilités pénale et civile, ont fini d'ôter au débat au prétoire son caractère attractif. Ce qui rend souhaitable une réforme du contentieux douanier. Ainsi, on devrait aboutir à un rapprochement avec le droit commun, une dépénalisation de certaines infractions douanières et une plus grande proportionnalité entre les infractions commises et la sanction infligée. Dans la procédure répressive, les larges pouvoirs d'investigation de l'administration et son intervention active dans la phase judiciaire rendent compte d'un déséquilibre qu'il convient de redresser. En effet, le juge fait preuve d'une discrétion remarquable dans le contrôle des modalités d'exercice des prérogatives conférées à l'administration douanière en matière de visite des marchandises, des moyens de transport et des personnes. De plus, la Douane ne s'arrêtant pas à la porte du palais, elle bénéficie de conditions favorables pour la privation de liberté des prévenus et pour le recours à la contrainte par corps pour recouvrer les pénalités.
7
Le, Quinio Alexis. "Juridictions constitutionnelles et droit comparé : recherche sur la circulation des solutions juridiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32054.
Abstract (sommario):
La mondialisation et partant, l'intensification des interactions entre systèmes juridiques ont eu pour effet une multipolarisation du droit et de la production normative. Cette évolution a provoqué une modification des comportements et des pratiques juridiques et juridictionnelles complexifiant la tâche des principaux acteurs, au premier rang desquels le juge. Dans cette perspective d'un auditoire universel émergent, la comparaison des droits peut être utilisée, particulièrement par les juges constitutionnels. Ces derniers, en collaboration avec les membres de la doctrine, bénéficient ainsi d'un nouvel outil en vue d'assumer au mieux les nouvelles exigences de leur officeGlobalization, and hence the intensification of interactions between legal system had for main result a multipolarization of law and normative production. This led to a change in behaviours, legal and judicial practices, intricating the main actor's task, the first of them being the judge. In aiming an emerging universal audience, using comparative law can be especially required by constitutional court judges. Thus, in collaboration with members of the doctrine, they benefit from a new tool to focus on the new requirements of their work, the best way possible
8
Maurin, Laurent. "Le choix de la peine par le juge correctionnel". Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10011.
9
Alliez, Camille. "L' office du juge en matière de crédit à la consommation". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10047.
Abstract (sommario):
Le crédit à la consommation est un contrat permettant au consommateur de financer l'achat de biens de consommation sans disposer des fonds nécessaires. Ce contrat, qui s'est surtout développé avec la société de consommation durant la seconde partie du XXe siècle, repose sur une relation déséquilibrée entre un établissement financier et un consommateur. La question de « l'office du juge en matière de crédit à la consommation » se pose depuis quelques années, en raison de l'importance du contentieux que suscite ce contrat déséquilibré, souvent présenté comme un facteur de surendettement. Il convient de poser la question de l'intervention du juge dans ce contrat (partie 1) avant d'étudier les modalités de cette intervention (partie 2). Le juge d'instance, exclusivement compétent en la matière, est en effet conduit à soulever d'office certains moyens de défense de l'emprunteur défaillant (souvent absent des débats), comme l'irrégularité de l'offre préalable de crédit ou la forclusion de l'action en paiement, démarche qui n'est pas validée par la Cour de cassation, car les règles méconnues relèveraient d'un ordre public de protection, ce qui peut être discuté. Dans le domaine voisin des clauses abusives, la Cour de justice des communautés européennes a reconnu au juge le pouvoir de se saisir d'office du caractère abusif d'une clause contenue dans un contrat de crédit mobilier. Dans plusieurs arrêts récents, la Cour de justice des communautés européennes ne s'est pas prononcée avec toute la clarté attendue sur la question précise de l'office du juge en matière de crédit à la consommation, mais la récente intervention en droit interne du législateur, dans l'article 34 de la loi n° 2008-3 du 3 janvier 2008, a permis d'éclaircir la situation en accordant au juge la possibilité de relever d'office le non-respect des dispositions du Code de la consommation. Cet ensemble de données témoigne de l'acuité du problème et de sa dimension aussi bien nationale que communautaireThe consumer credit is a contract making it possible to the consumer to finance the purchase of consumer goods without having the funds necessary. This contract which especially developed with the consumer society during the second part of the XXth century rests on a relation unbalanced between a financial institution and a consumer. The question of “the office of the judge as regards consumer credit” has arisen for a few years, because of the importance of the contentious matters which this unbalanced contract causes, often presented like a factor of over-indebtedness. It is advisable to raise the question of the intervention of the judge in this contract (Left 1) before studying the methods of this intervention (Left 2). The judge “d'Instance”, exclusively qualified on the matter, indeed is led to raise office certain means of defence of the failing borrower (often absent from the debates), as the irregularity of the preliminary offer of credit or the preclusion from the action in payment, step which is not validated by the Supreme court of appeal : the ignored rules would not concern a law and order of protection, which can be discussed. In the field close to the abusive clauses, the Court of Justice of the European Communities recognized with the judge the capacity to seize office of the abusive character of a clause contained in a contract of loan on personal property. In several recent judgments, the Court of Justice of the European Communities did not decide with all the clearness awaited on the precise question of the office of the matter judge of consumer credit, but the recent intervention of the legislator in article 34 of the law n° 2008-3 of January 3 2008, made it possible to clear up the situation by granting to the judge the possibility of raising of office non-observance of the provisions of the Code of consumption. This whole of given testifies to the acuity of the problem and its national dimension as well as Community
10
Lecourt, Arnaud. "Le juge et l'économie". Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU2009.
Abstract (sommario):
Le monde des affaires attend de plus en plus du juge et de la justice en général. Puisque le législateur ne parvient pas à saisir le mouvement de l'économie, c'est le juge qui doit le faire. Dans ces conditions, son office ne peut plus se borner au contrôle de la légalité, sa fonction ne peut plus se cantonner au rôle d'arbitre passif des litiges. Le monde économique attend en effet de son juge qu'il tranche entre des valeurs, qu'il atteigne des objectifs, qu'il se comporte en acteur dynamique du changement économique et social. Cette attente se matérialise nécessairement par une profonde mutation de son office. Si la fonction de protection qui a toujours été la sienne a évolué naturellement sous l'influence du paramètre économique, la fonction de sanction a connu une mutation beaucoup plus originale alors que de nouveaux offices se sont révélés : un office de créateur de droit et un office, totalement inédit en droit français, de gestionnaire. La montée en puissance de l'influence du fait économique sur l'office du juge est une réalité. Sa progression vers des fonctions toujours plus actives et dynamiques bouleverse ainsi la conception française de l'office du juge. Or, en intégrant le facteur économique dans son office, le juge va nécessairement influer sur la norme juridique en retour. L'étude de l'évolution de l'office du juge impose alors de s'interroger sur ses conséquences sur le contenu et la fonction des normes juridiques. L'observation de la jurisprudence permet de dégager deux grandes lignes de force : l'analyse économique du juge est un facteur de perturbation du droit, soit qu'elle instille une dose d'incertitude dans la norme juridique, soit qu'elle en altère le contenu, mais c'est aussi, de manière plus positive, un facteur de progrès du droit dans la mesure où l'analyse économique du juge permet de renouveler l'approche notionnelle et fonctionnelle des normes juridiques tout en favorisant l'émergence de " valeurs supérieures " telles que l'équilibre ou l'éthique économique.
Libri sul tema "Juges – Attitude":
1
Louvain, Université catholique de. La responsabilité professionnelle des magistrats: Actes du colloque organisé le 15 février 2007 à l'Université catholique de Louvain ; avec le soutien de la Fondation Bernheim. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2007.
2
Searle, Wendy. Court-imposed fines: A survey of judges. Wellington, N.Z: Ministry of Justice, 2003.
3
He, Fangxing. Shen pan lun li guang lun: Fa guan de fan xing, cheng zhang yu chao yue. 8a ed. Taibei Shi: Si fa yuan, 2011.
4
Shaykhalī, ʻAbd al-Qādir. Akhlāqīyāt rijāl al-ʻadālah. 8a ed. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabat al-Rushd Nāshirūn, 2009.
5
Nowak, Tobias. National judges as European Union judges: Knowledge, experiences and attitudes of lower court judges in Germany and the Netherlands. Den Haag: Eleven International Publishing, 2011.
6
Nowak, Tobias. National judges as European Union judges: Knowledge, experiences and attitudes of lower court judges in Germany and the Netherlands. Den Haag: Eleven International Publishing, 2011.
7
American Bar Association. Judicial Division. Response to criticism of judges. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, 1998.
8
Shaman, Jeffrey M. Judicial disqualification: An empirical study of judicial practices and attitudes. Chicago, Ill: American Judicature Society, 1995.
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Brodeur, Jean-Paul. Views of sentencing: A survey of judges in Canada. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Justice Canada, Research and Development Directorate, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, 1988.
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Freckelton, Ian R. Australian judicial perspectives on expert evidence: An empirical study. Carlton, Vic: Australian Institute of Judicial Administration Inc., 1999.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Juges – Attitude":
1
van Leeuwen, Jacqueline. "Emotions on Trial. Attitudes towards the Sensitivity of Victims and Judges in Medieval Flanders". In Emotions in the Heart of the City (14th-16th century), 157–75. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.seuh-eb.3.1957.
2
"Polish Civil Judges versus the EU Legal Order: Knowledge, Experience, and Attitude". In National Judges As EU Law Judges: The Polish Civil Law System, 173–235. Brill | Nijhoff, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004261471_006.
3
"Chapter 4. Attitudes and Dynamics Amongst the Judges". In The Legal Culture of the European Court of Human Rights, 67–83. Brill | Nijhoff, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004160675.i-214.23.
4
Saks, Michael J., e Barbara A. Spellman. "Judges Versus Juries". In The Psychological Foundations of Evidence Law. NYU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479880041.003.0002.
Abstract (sommario):
The rules of evidence that have evolved prevent lawyers from using the most powerful, yet the most informationally empty, techniques of persuasion. The rules compel litigators to fight their battles by presenting juries with information. Studies conducted on jury decision-making indicate that evidence—factual information about the events in dispute—is the most potent force driving the verdicts of trials. Studies show that judges and jurors would reach the same verdicts in four-fifths of trials; that similarity is because they are responding to the same information. Studies of differences among jurors in demographics, attitudes, personalities, and knowledge have found that in the great majority of cases such differences matter very little to the outcomes of cases. Variation in the strength of evidence influences decisions far more than who is hearing the evidence. That is good news if we want trials to produce rational decisions based on evidence. The focus on evidence makes a juror’s job a demanding one, presenting challenges to understanding, remembering, evaluating, drawing inferences, and using evidence (in conjunction with the law) to reach conclusions about a disputed matter. Working as a group helps. Groups have advantages over individuals: they possess more cognitive and social resources such as wider background knowledge and experience, the ability of multiple minds to remember, to correct each other’s errors, to think about the proper meaning of the evidence, and so on.
5
Hendley, Kathryn, e Peter H. Solomon. "Public Attitudes towards Courts and the Use of Courts". In The Judicial System of Russia, 73–87. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895356.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Chapter 5 challenges the conventional wisdom about societal attitudes towards courts in Russia. Trust in the Russian courts, as measured by public opinion polls, remains low. Yet, this lack of trust has not discouraged the use of the courts. When efforts at resolving problems informally fail, Russians have proven willing to turn to the courts for assistance. The caseload data show a steady increase in the number of cases filed in the post-Soviet era. Surveys of court users document their general satisfaction; they mostly feel as though they have been treated fairly and that judges have relied on the law in reaching their decisions. The tendency of judges to handle cases expeditiously and the relatively low cost of using the courts likely affects both Russians’ willingness to use the courts and the positive assessments of their experiences. Even so, court veterans tend to be more distrustful of courts than are those who have never been to court.
6
Finn, Tomás. "‘Towards a better Ireland’:1 Donal Barrington and the Irish Constitution". In Judges, politics and the Irish Constitution. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526114556.003.0015.
Abstract (sommario):
Tomás Finn’s chapter is concerned with the consideration that Donal Barrington, a judge and public intellectual, gave to the Constitution, the basic law of the country, and the balance its Articles struck with regard to relations between Church and State and Northern Ireland. It considers his vision for Ireland, how this changed and the extent to which he influenced attitudes towards the Constitution. Of particular interest is how from the 1950s to the 1970s his stance evolved on the Constitution and specifically on those Articles that related to moral issues and to the national question. The chapter concludes that Barrington’s role was to put forward ideas which he hoped would inform intellectual debate and persuade governmental institutions to adopt new policies.
7
Stevens, Robert. "The Role of the Judiciary: Lessons from the End of Empire". In Essays For Patrick Atiyah, 151–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198254102.003.0007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper is an attempt to analyse the relationship between, on the one hand, the role of courts as governmental institutions; and, on the other, the way and the grounds on which judges are selected to hear particular cases, and the views and attitudes of judges concerning the political significance of their decisions. This issue will be approached through a study of the work of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council over the last one hundred years. Among other things, the study will bear out Patrick Atiyah’s view that there is an ‘English belief that it is largely immaterial which judges hear which appeals’, which leads to a failure to appreciate that the composition of a court can determine in advance the outcome of cases of political significance
8
"Attitude and Behavior of Male and Female Judges Concerning the Punishment of Offenders". In Psychology, Law, and Criminal Justice, 296–304. De Gruyter, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110879483.296.
9
Woolf, Lord. "Introduction". In The Pursuit of Justice, a cura di Christopher Campell-Holt, 1–16. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217090.003.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This book consists of a series of lectures that I gave during my time as a judge. Its title, The Pursuit of Justice, was chosen because I believe judges should strive to achieve justice. They should not be content to be merely neutral arbitrators who, having listened to the arguments of both sides, give reasoned judgments. They should be proactive; even fiercely proactive in the pursuit of justice. This was not the attitude of judges when I started to practice law, but it had become the pattern by the time I retired on 1 October 2005. I was privileged to be able to assist with bringing the changes about. Some of the lectures in this book help to explain why and how the changes occurred.
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Elbalti, Béligh. "The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on Tunisian Judges: Quo Vadis?" In The Impact of the European Court of Justice on Neighbouring Countries, 320–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855934.003.0014.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the question whether the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has exercised an influence on Tunisian judges and the extent of that influence. After explaining the general legal background of Tunisia as a legal system and the attitude of Tunisian judges towards foreign legal sources in general, the chapter explores the available case law of Tunisian courts in order to identify the areas of law where such an influence manifests itself. It shows that, generally speaking, Tunisian judges are quite open to foreign legal sources and frequently cite those sources in their judgments. However, when it comes to the case law of the CJEU, two opposite trends could be identified. On the one hand, the case law of Tunisian ordinary courts shows that the CJEU exercises little influence on Tunisian judges, despite extensive and diversified cooperation between the EU and Tunisia. On the other hand, the case law of the Competition Council shows that the Council is more willing to refer to CJEU decisions in deciding the cases pending before them. The chapter considers several reasons that are likely to explain this double aspect of the influence of the CJEU on Tunisian judges. It argues that the weakness of comparative research, legal education in general, as well as the role played by legal actors in Tunisia are among the main reasons behind the current situation.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Juges – Attitude":
1
LIU, WENQING. "STUDY ON CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION FUNCTION OF NORTH-CHINA HERALD IN THE 1860S". In 2023 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL SCIENCE. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/isss2023/36072.
Abstract (sommario):
North China Herald is the first commercial English newspaper founded by British businessmen in Shanghai. Its editorial group is closely related to the British business community. Based on the historical materials of North China Herald's newspapers and magazines, this study discusses the role of public opinion in modern British trade with China and analyzes the basic views of foreign businessmen on China. Focusing on the interpretation of the historical materials of the North China Herald, this paper collates the public opinion of the North China Herald towards China after the Second Opium War, studies the changes in the attitude and position of foreign businessmen towards China at that time, and judges the function realization of North China Herald in cross-cultural communication.
2
Erdoğan, Mahmut, Ainura Turdalieva e Raziya Abdiyeva. "Spatial Analysis of Subjective Well-Being Levels and Corruption across Regions in Kyrgyzstan". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02088.
Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays corruption becomes a universal phenomenon, which reduces the productivity of public administration, and causes harm to countries’ economic and social development. Consequently, it influences economic performance of Kyrgyzstan. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatial distribution of subjective well-being levels of individuals and personal perceptions and attitude towards corruption in 2016 by using the data provided by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on district (rayon) level in Kyrgyzstan.
The findings of this paper show that there is positive spatial autocorrelation for unofficial payments or gifts to road police, public education, and receive medical treatments. Similarly, local government representatives, tax officials, police and judges have higher Moran’s I scores. In addition, obtained results from analysis will help to understand issues related to corruption in Kyrgyzstan.
3
Magiru, Anca, e Ionel Magiru. "ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS: THE CASE STUDY METHOD". In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-125.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper intends to prove that the English lesson for the law students of English should be special, productive and also fun in order to get good results and personal satisfaction, to exercise the students' minds and their reasoning powers. Taken into account these purposes, the paper will focus on the case study method which has got an emphatic active-participatory and formative effect, being a dynamic way of learning which wants special conditions for an efficient solving of the case. What we really should do in the class is to select cases from the 20th century which are the subjects of appeal to a higher court indicating that the point of law involved is difficult and causes reasonable jurists to disagree over the result. On appeal, many of the judgments are not unanimous, this further showing that the legal issues are not easy. The cases should be consistent with the general current of the law in the United States of America and in the other common law countries. The results in the cases should not be arbitrary.The method, with a bilateral, interactive and reciprocal character, will make students love ruling as judges and/or jury on true courtroom cases that give them a chance to defend the accused. The method will help students develop and improve: a. their legal conscience and thinking, b.their legal principles, feelings and attitudes, c. and their legal ability, practice and usage. It will motivate the students to love the truth and be honest and correct people.
4
Marques, Jacqueline. "A LOOK AT DOMESTIC AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PORTUGAL: FROM LAW TO DISCOURSES". In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/21.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite legislative advancements, domestic violence is still today a crime considered as "minor" by many, or often the actions that materialise it are not even recognised. The first steps in Portuguese legislation were taken by the Penal Code approved in 1982, which typified the crime of ill-treatment between spouses, and by the Law n. º 61/91 of 13th of August, which guaranteed “adequate protection to women victims of violence”. However, only in 2007, was the crime of Domestic Violence created, which shows, from 1982 until then, a long path of hesitations and slow social evolution concerning the consciousness of this crime’s seriousness. Until 2007, the crime of spousal abuse was integrated in a broader criminal arrangement, characterised by the abuse of persons. In 2009, with the typification of the crime of Domestic Violence and with the publication of the legal regime applicable to the prevention, protection, and assistance of victims, denominated as Law of Domestic Violence, a more consolidated phase was inaugurated, in both legal treatment and social intervention. Despite these evolutions, Portugal continues to witness an attitude of "social and collective consent" to some forms of Domestic Violence, oftentimes disguised in the acceptance and normalisation of gender inequalities. We have seen news stories where judgements are presented, within the scope of Domestic Violence cases, where discriminatory ideas against women and excuses for the crime of Domestic Violence are manifested. This is proof that some of the representatives of justice (the judges) do not accept what has already been legally approved in the Portuguese legal system. Similarly, recent studies on the population’s perception of domestic and gender-based violence show the abiding ideas and understandings of acceptance and normalisation of domestic and gender-based violence in Portuguese society. We intend to present the evolution of the typification of the crime of domestic violence in Portugal. Then, we intend to understand how this phenomenon has been perceived in Portuguese society. Therefore, we will be able to understand the continuities and ruptures between the legislative body and the social body in what concerns Domestic Violence and Violence against Women in Portugal.
5
Cmeciu, Doina, e Camelia Cmeciu. "VIRTUAL MUSEUMS - NON-FORMAL MEANS OF TEACHING E-CIVILIZATION/CULTURE". In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-108.
Abstract (sommario):
Considered repositories of objects(Cuno 2009), museums have been analysed through the object-oriented policies they mainly focus on. Three main purposes are often mentioned: preservation, dissemination of knowledge and access to tradition. Beyond these informative and cultural-laden functions, museums have also been labeled as theatres of power, the emphasis lying on nation-oriented policies. According to Michael F. Brown (2009: 148), the outcome of this moral standing of the nation-state is a mobilizing public sentiment in favour of the state power. We consider that the constant flow of national and international exhibitions or events that could be hosted in museums has a twofold consequence: on the one hand, a cultural dynamics due to the permanent contact with unknown objects, and on the other hand, some visibility strategies in order to attract visitors. This latter effect actually embodies a shift within the perception of museums from entities of knowledge towards leisure environments. Within this context where the concept of edutainment(Eschach 2007) seems to prevail in the non-formal way of acquiring new knowledge, contemporary virtual museums display visual information without regard to geographic location (Dahmen, Sarraf, 2009). They play ?a central role in making culture accessible to the mass audience(Carrazzino, Bergamasco 2010) by using new technologies and novel interaction paradigms. Our study will aim at analyzing the way in which civilization was e-framed in the virtual project ?A History of the World in 100 Objects, run by BBC Radio 4 and the British Museum in 2010. The British Museum won the 2011 Art Fund Prize for this innovative platform whose main content was created by the contributors (the museums and the members of the public). The chairman of the panel of judges, Michael Portillo, noted that the judges were impressed that the project used digital media in ground-breaking and novel ways to interact with audiences. The two theoretical frameworks used in our analysis are framing theories and critical discourse analysis. ?Schemata of interpretation? (Goffman 1974), frames are used by individuals to make sense of information or an occurrence, providing principles for the organization of social reality? (Hertog & McLeod 2001). Considered cultural structures with central ideas and more peripheral concepts and a set of relations that vary in strength and kind among them? (Hertog, McLeod 2001, p.141), frames rely on the selection of some aspects of a perceived reality which are made more salient in a communicating text or e-text. We will interpret this virtual museum as a hypertext which ?makes possible the assembly, retrieval, display and manipulation? (Kok 2004) of objects belonging to different cultures. The structural analysis of the virtual museum as a hypertext will focus on three orders of abstraction (Kok 2004): item, lexia, and cluster. Dividing civilization into 20 periods of time, from making us human (2,000,000 - 9000 BC) up to the world of our making (1914 - 2010 AD), the creators of the digital museum used 100 objects to make sense of the cultural realities which dominated our civilization. The History of the World in 100 Objects used images of these objects which can be considered ?as ideological and as power-laden as word (Jewitt 2008). Closely related to identities, ideologies embed those elements which provide a group legitimation, identification and cohesion. In our analysis of the 100 virtual objects framing e-civilization we will use the six categories which supply the structure of ideologies in the critical discourse analysis framework (van Dijk 2000: 69): membership, activities, goals, values/norms, position (group-relations), resources. The research questions will focus on the content of this digital museum: (1) the types of objects belonging to the 20 periods of e-civilization; (2) the salience of countries of origin for the 100 objects; (3) the salience of social practices framed in the non-formal teaching of e-civilization/culture; and on the visitors? response: (1) the types of attitudes expressed in the forum comments; (2) the types of messages visitors decoded from the analysis of the objects; (3) the (creative) value of such e-resources. References Brown, M.F. (2009). Exhibiting indigenous heritage in the age of cultural property. J.Cuno (Ed.). Whose culture? The promise of museums and the debate over antiquities (pp. 145-164), Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. Carrazzino, M., Bergamasco, M. (2010). Beyond virtual museums: Experiencing immersive virtual reality in real museums. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11, 452-458. Cuno, J. (2009) (Ed.). Whose culture? The promise of museums and the debate over antiquities (pp. 145-164), Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. Dahmen, N. S., & Sarraf, S. (2009, May 22). Edward Hopper goes to the net: Media aesthetics and visitor analytics of an online art museum exhibition. Visual Communication Studies, Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Eshach, H. (2007). Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: formal, non-formal, and informal education . Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16 (2), 171-190. Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hertog, J.K., & McLeod, D. M. (2001). A multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: A field guide. In S.D. Reese, O.H. Gandy, & A.E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspective on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 139-162). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jewitt, C. (2008). Multimodality and literacy in school classrooms. Review of Research in Education, 32 (1), 241-267. Kok, K.C.A. (2004). Multisemiotic mediation in hypetext. In Kay L. O?Halloren (Ed.), Multimodal discourse analysis. Systemic functional perspectives (pp. 131-159), London: Continuum. van Dijk, T. A. (2000). Ideology ? a multidisciplinary approach. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage.