Tesi sul tema "Jonctions Cellulaire"
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Acosta-López, María Isabel. "HACE1 E3 ubiquitine ligase : caractérisation de sa régulation par phosphorylation et mise en évidence de son rôle dans la cohésion cellulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2017AZUR4065.
Testo completoThe E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis best-characterized for its ability to control the activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1. This GTPase is encoded by an essential gene whose product controls a wide array of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Accordingly, the repression of HACE1 expression due to genetic and epigenetic alterations has been associated with numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative and developmental diseases. However, nothing is known about the posttranslational regulation of HACE1 activity. Here, we unveiled that HACE1 gets phosphorylated at serine Ser-385 by Group-I Pak kinases in response to Rac1/Cdc42 activation. Mechanistically, we define that the phospho-mimetic mutant HACE1(S385E) displays a lower capacity to ubiquitinate Rac1 in cells. In addition, our work attributes to the phosphorylation of Ser-385 a pivotal role in the state of HACE1 oligomerization, which sets the basis for deciphering the relationship between HACE1 structure and activity. In parallel, we have found that the loss of HACE1 expression leads to the disruption of epithelial monolayer cohesion characterized by disrupted of cell-cell junctions. Accordingly, we determined that loss of HACE1 results in the acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, including a transcriptionally regulated switch of expression between E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Altogether, this work reveals a phospho-mediated regulation of HACE1 activity that is under the control of Group I PAKs and implicates HACE1 in the balance between epithelium integrity versus EMT
Acosta-López, María Isabel. "HACE1 E3 ubiquitine ligase : caractérisation de sa régulation par phosphorylation et mise en évidence de son rôle dans la cohésion cellulaire". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4065/document.
Testo completoThe E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis best-characterized for its ability to control the activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1. This GTPase is encoded by an essential gene whose product controls a wide array of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Accordingly, the repression of HACE1 expression due to genetic and epigenetic alterations has been associated with numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative and developmental diseases. However, nothing is known about the posttranslational regulation of HACE1 activity. Here, we unveiled that HACE1 gets phosphorylated at serine Ser-385 by Group-I Pak kinases in response to Rac1/Cdc42 activation. Mechanistically, we define that the phospho-mimetic mutant HACE1(S385E) displays a lower capacity to ubiquitinate Rac1 in cells. In addition, our work attributes to the phosphorylation of Ser-385 a pivotal role in the state of HACE1 oligomerization, which sets the basis for deciphering the relationship between HACE1 structure and activity. In parallel, we have found that the loss of HACE1 expression leads to the disruption of epithelial monolayer cohesion characterized by disrupted of cell-cell junctions. Accordingly, we determined that loss of HACE1 results in the acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, including a transcriptionally regulated switch of expression between E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Altogether, this work reveals a phospho-mediated regulation of HACE1 activity that is under the control of Group I PAKs and implicates HACE1 in the balance between epithelium integrity versus EMT
Louault, Claire. "Rôle des fibroblastes dans le remodelage cellulaire cardiaque". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2271.
Testo completoHassan, Ghada Shawki. "Présence des jonctions de type gap dans les cellules endothéliales et les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire humaines et leur contribution à la modulation du calcium intracellulaire". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Cerca il testo completoWang, Zhimin. "Studying the formation of tricellular junction upon epithelial cell division in Drosophila". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066531.
Testo completoTo maintain epithelial tissue organisation and polarity, new cell-cell junctions need to be formed upon cell division. To understand the mechanisms of junction formation during cytokinesis, we explored in Drosophila epithelial tissues, the de novo formation of tricellular septate junctions (TCJs), which are critical to tissue barrier function, stem cell homeostasis and mitotic spindle orientation. During the final stages of cytokinetic ring constriction, the membranes of the two daughter cells and of the neighbouring cells located below the adherens junction (AJ) remain entangled in a 4-cell structure apposed to the midbody. Protein constituents of the septate junction Discs-large (Dlg) and Neuroglian (Nrg) and the components of the TCJ Gliotactin (Gli) and Anakonda (Aka) accumulate in this 4-cell structure. Subsequently, a basal descent of the midbody correlates with the detachment of the neighbouring cell membranes, disengagement of the daughter cells from their neighbours and the formation of mature TCJs. The detachment of the neighbouring cells from the midbody is independent of abscission. On the contrary, the loss of Gli or Aka function prevents the resolution of the connection between the daughter-neighbour cells and the midbody movement. Altogether, we propose that TCJ proteins control an additional step of cytokinesis necessary for the disentanglement of the daughter cells and their neighbours during epithelial cytokinesis
Toubas, Julie. "Jonctions gap et Insuffisance Rénale Chronique : vers un nouveau rôle des Connexines". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066185.
Testo completoBatias, Catherine. "Les jonctions communicantes et leurs proteines constitutives, les connexines, dans la spermatogenese normale et pathologique". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N088.
Testo completoVallois, Isabelle. "Contrôle de la polarité cellulaire par les contacts cellule-cellule". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077087.
Testo completoControl of cell polarity is crucial during tissue morphogenesis and renewal and depends on spatial cues provided by the extracellular environment. In isolated cells, the geometry of interactions with the extracellular matrix has been shown to control intracellular asymmetry. Using micropatterned substrates to impose reproducible cell-cell interactions, we show the that cell-cell contacts provide polarizing cues that regulate intracellular organization and cell orientation. In a variety bf cell types, Including astrocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells, calcium-dependent cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions induce nucleus and centrosome off-centring towards cell-cell contacts and promote orientation of the nucleus-centrosome axis towards free cell edges. Nucleus and centrosome off-centring is controlled by N-cadherin and ß-catenin through the regulation of cell interactions with the extracellular matrix and the regulation of the actin and intermediate filaments cytoskeletons. Moreover, N-cadherin and a and ß-catenins control directly the orientation of the nucleus-centrosome axis in a microtubule-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that in addition to the specific function of E-cadherin in regulating baso-apical epithelial polarity, classical cadherins can induce cell polarization in otherwise non-polarized cells. Cadherins are likely to be critical determinants of the orientation of cell migration and cell division during organogenesis as well as in adult tissues
Lupo, Julien. "Caractérisation de l'ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du transactivateur ZEBRA du virus d'Epstein-Barr". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV073.
Testo completoThe ZEBRA (EB1) transcription factor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is crucial for initiation of lytic infection and viral production. Ubinuclein (Ubn-1) has been identified as a cellular partner of ZEBRA enabling to prevent ZEBRA-DNA interaction. The role of Ubn-1 in the cell remains elusive as well as the consequences of its interaction with ZEBRA in EBV infected cells. In our work, we have characterized Ubn-1 as a new protein of epithelial cells tight junctions (TJ) and a new member of NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components) proteins with a dual cellular localisation, the nuclei and the junctions of the cells. Using a proteomic approach coupled to mass spectrometry, we have then studied interacting partners of Ubn-1 in order to get more insights on its role in epithelial cells and identified LYRIC and RACK-1 proteins. Our results suggest that Ubn-1 is involved in different biological processes such regulation of cells proliferation and cell-cell contacts. Finally, in EBV infected epithelial cells, Ubn-1 functions seem depend on its cellular localisation. Nuclear Ubn-1 regulates negatively lytic cycle and virus production interfering with ZEBRA and others cellular factors in the activation of AP-1 promoters. When Ubn-1 is sequestered in TJ, Ubn-1 can no longer act as a repressor of ZEBRA which is free to activate the EBV productive cycle
Lupo, Julien. "Caractérisation de l'ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du transactivateur ZEBRA du virus d'Epstein-Barr". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559673.
Testo completoAwina, Hala. "Importance des jonctions adhérentes et la polarité cellulaire dans la régulation des signaux engendrés par le récepteur Fas/CD95". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6025.
Testo completoFas is a transmembrane cell death receptor mostly known for its function in inducing cell death through apoptosis, but it is also recognized to be implicated in a wide range of non-death functions in various cell types and contexts. The disequilibrium between cell death and survival signals due to defective apoptosis is a key factor in tumorigenesis. Fas is found ubiquitously expressed in human tissues including many epithelia such as in the intestine. Thus, the activation of Fas signaling in this tissue should be rigorously regulated in order to maintain the balance between cell death and non-death signaling. At a cellular level, the choice of life and death, is regulated by different environmental cues including cell-cell junctions and cell polarity through the involvement of various sets of specialized macromolecules. The possible role of cell–cell contacts and cell polarity in the control of Fas signaling has been largely unexplored. Therefore, the main aim of my PhD was to investigate the role of adherens junction and cell polarity in the modulation of the FasL- induced cell death signaling in colon epithelial cells. We were able to demonstrate that both cell polarity establishment and adherens junction formation control the pro-apoptotic signaling of the death receptor Fas. We found that the Fas receptors concentrate at cell-cell junctions together with E-cadherin and that Fas-cadherin association protects cells from FasL- induced cell death. Using a proteomic approach, we identified several novel partners of Fas that interact with the C-terminal PDZ-binding site of Fas including the polarity/scaffold molecule Dlg1. We demonstrated that Dlg1 interacts directly with Fas and decrease the death- inducing complex formation upon Fas activation, therefore, providing an additional mechanism to protect against cell death. Altogether, our data show that inhibition of FasL- induced cell death by Fas-cadherin-Dlg1 complex helps to maintain epithelial homeostasis by protecting normal epithelia from apoptosis and promotes elimination of compromised non- polarized cells to avoid development of pathological conditions such as cancer development. In the second part of my PhD, I investigated the role of several partners of Fas identified in our proteomic analysis, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase LNX2. I demonstrate that LNX2 binds directly Fas, and targets activated Fas to lysosomal degradation, therefore preventing FasL- induced cell death. My results suggest that LNX2 protects colon epithelial cells against FasL- induced cell death. Interestingly, LNX2 is found overexpressed in colon cancer, which may explain how colon cancer cells evades Fas-mediated apoptosis by promoting Fas degradation following its activation
Fouquet, Stéphane. "Adhésion et apoptose dans les entérocytes : implication de deux protéines des jonctions cellule-cellule, la E-cadhérine et la protéine cellulaire du prion". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066119.
Testo completoBesnier, Laura. "Rôle de la Protéine Cellulaire du Prion (PrPc) dans l'homéostasie de l'épithélium intestinal". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066058.
Testo completoThe cellular Prion Protein (PrPc), the normal conformer of the Scrapie protein, is a ubiquitous protein, which has been involved in several cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, differentiation and apoptosis, through mechanisms that are not fully characterized. Intestinal epithelium is renewing constantly and its homeostasis requires a fine and coordinated regulation of all these processes. Our team has focused on PrPc functions in this tissue and has demonstrated that it is expressed in enterocytes, the major cell type in the intestinal epithelium, with a dual localization depending on the differentiation state of the cells. Indeed, in differentiated cells PrPc is localized in desmosomes while being mostly in the nucleus in proliferative cells. We demonstrated the involvement of desmosomal PrPc in the maintenance and integrity of all the intercellular junctions (tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes) and its requirement for the intestinal barrier function. PrPc in the nucleus interacts with key effectors of the Wnt pathway: -catenin, -catenin and the transcription factor TCF4/TCF7L2. In this context, we revealed the ability of nuclear PrPc to modulate the expression of a subset of Wnt target genes. Altogether, this work highlights the role of PrPc as a new key element of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis – from the barrier function to gene regulation – and allows considering PrPc as a new member of the NACos family proteins (proteins associated with the Nucleus and Adhesion Complexes)
Houssin, Élise. "Implication de la protéine Girdin dans la régulation des jonctions d'adhérence et de la polarité épithéliale chez Drosophila melanogaster". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26590.
Testo completoThe human Girdin protein is overexpressed in various cancers, and promotes cell migration and invasion. This suggests that Girdin contributes to tumor progression. Recently, it was shown that Girdin directly interacts with Par-3. This interaction is essential for cell polarization associated with directed cell migration. Par-3 and its Drosophila ortholog Bazooka are also known for their role in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and adherens junction (AJ) formation. Epithelial polarity, which is characterized by the asymmetric distribution of many cellular constituents, is necessary for epithelial tissue function and homeostasis. Indeed, loss of several epithelial polarity regulators leads to epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We thus hypothesized that Girdin plays a role in epithelial polarity and/or cell-cell adhesion, as reported for its binding partner Par-3. In order to test this premise in vivo, we generated null alleles of Girdin, which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of Girdin, and established specific anti-Girdin antibodies. First, we demonstrated that Girdin is mainly expressed during embryogenesis. In embryonic epithelial cells, it is predominantly associated with the plasma membrane and enriched at AJ. Girdin mutant embryos present several morphogenetic defects including the formation of ectopic epithelial cell cysts and opening of the ventral midline, suggesting that loss of Girdin weakens cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with this phenotype, the association between AJ components, including Armadillo (β-catenin) and DE-Cadherin (DE-Cad), and the cytoskeleton decreases in Girdin mutant animals. These results suggest that Girdin participates in AJ stability. We then investigated the implication of Girdin in epithelial polarity. Although we could not observe any epithlelial polarity defects in Girdin mutants, we found strong genetic interactions between Girdin and three genes encoding polarity regulators : crb, yrt and lgl. Together, our data identifies Girdin as a novel regulator of epithelial cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion. These results thus reveal unsuspected roles for Girdin related proteins. Comprehensive analysis of Girdin function is essential to evaluate whether it is an appropriate target to treat cancer.
Peignon, Grégory. "Adhésion cellulaire et différenciation entérocytaire : rôle de la E-cadhérine ?" Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066344.
Testo completoGava, Fabien. "Etude des mécanismes d'agrégation cellulaire tumorale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30372.
Testo completoMetastases are responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths justifying the current cancer research's substantial part dedicated to study their formation's mechanisms. It has been recently demonstrated that clusters (or aggregates) of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) identified in patient's blood samples have a far higher metastatic potential than isolated circulating tumor cells. It also has been shown that their detection is correlated with a poor prognosis for patients suffering from epithelial cancers. These observations open up promising diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives but that still requires further investigation on the mechanisms of clusters formation. In this context our laboratory developed an in vitro semi-automated assay based on video microscopy enabling the study of mechanisms involved in tumor cell anchorage-independent clustering. This assay allowed to demonstrate the involvement of adherent junction protein E-cadherin and desmosomal junction proteins DSG2 and DSC2 during tumor cell clustering. The aim of my work was to investigate epithelial intercellular junction's proteins involvement in tumor cell aggregation in anchorage-independent conditions and to search for new regulators. In the first instance I explored and demonstrated the role of communicating junctions (or gap junctions) and P-cadherin in tumor cell aggregation of breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. In the second part, I developed a strategy based on tumor cell lines classification depending on their characteristics of the aggregation process. With the aim of determining the parameters of this classification, I examined aggregation abilities of 28 tumor cell lines derived from epithelial cancers. This study provides evidence for a high variability during this process and allows defining cell lines categories integrating both aggregation process dynamic aspects and aggregates structure. The combination of this classification with current available expression data could lead to the identification of original new aggregation regulators. Together, these results have underscored new anchorage-independent tumor cell aggregation regulators and a wide range of behaviors of different tumor cell lines observed. Our work provides opportunities into a better understanding of involved mechanisms, towards an application to study circulating tumor cells from patients and also a therapeutic targeting of these clusters
Geneau, Graziello. "Modulation des processus de prolifération et de différenciation ostéoblastiques chez des souris déficientes en connexine 43". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2305.
Testo completoDysfunction of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) or mutations of gap junction protein (connexin, Cx) genes have been implicated in various human pathologies. In bone, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of Cx43 expression and GJIC in mineralization and osteoblastic differentiation. Cumulated data support the fact that Cx43 expression is very important for bone formation and regulation of cellular responses to hormones/growth factors stimulation. In this context, since endothelin-1 (ET1) has been also implicated in bone pathologies, the possible cross talk between Cx43 and ET1 was investigated in calvarial osteoblastic cells (OB) isolated from Cx43+/- and Cx43+/+ mice. Interestingly, microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed a hypomineralization in Cx43+/- newborn mice. In vitro characterization demonstrated that Cx43 expression, osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization processes were significantly reduced in Cx43+/- OB. Pharmacological study of ET1 action revealed that the Cx43+/- genotype was related to a reduced calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. ET1 induced an inhibitory effect on OB differentiation in both genotypes whereas this peptide has a mitogenic effect only on Cx43+/+ OB. Moreover, the ET1 inhibitory effect on cell differentiation was correlated to a reduced Cx43 expression and GJIC only in Cx43+/+ OB, suggesting an alternative regulatory pathway in Cx43+/- OB. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that the level of Cx43 expression influences the osteoblastic response to ET1
Lablack, Abdesselam. "Etude des jonctions communicantes in vivo dans le testicule de souris normale et pathologique et in vitro dans une lignée cellulaire de type sertolien 42GPA9". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05S016.
Testo completoSong, Yuxiang. "Role of MKS1 in epithelial homeostasis". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS435.
Testo completoMKS1 mutations are involved in a group of lethal recessive ciliopathies, such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) and Joubert's syndrome (JBT), characterized by cystic renal dysplasia, central nervous system abnormalities (occipital encephalocele) , polydactyly, biliary dysgenesis and hepatic fibrosis. MKS1 has been located in the transition zone of the cilia in many cell types where it plays an essential role in the cilia structure and function, in particular in the regulation of signaling pathways such as Wnt and Shh.In the present work, we have identified the preciliary function of MKS1 in epithelial cells. We have shown that the subcellular localization of MKS1 varies during the maturation of the epithelium, from the cytosol where MKS1 co-localizes with the keratin network, to the cell junctions, where it co-localizes with the catenins. In addition, the MKS1 translocation to cytosol junctions proved to be mechano-sensitive, suggesting that MKS1 participates in epithelial homeostasis by stabilizing cell junctions, via the transduction of mechanical signals related to epithelial compaction.Functional analysis has shown that the knockdown of MKS1 disrupts the keratin network, and destabilizes the adherent junctions of epithelial cells in culture, with a decrease in the junctional β-catenin and a release of E-cadherin, the α-catenin and vinculin in the cytosol. In addition, the depletion of MKS1 results in a significant decrease in the apical actin network, as well as disorganization of the epithelial structure and a partial transition to a mesenchymal state. These results illustrate a ciliary-independent function of MKS1 in epithelial homeostasis, and provides new hypotheses regarding its role and that of intermediate filaments in epithelial organogenesis processes, in particular tubulogenesis, which is based both on the equilibrium of the epithelium / mesenchyme transition and the mechanotransduction of mechanical stresses during embryogenesisIn order to characterize MKS1 partners, Co-IP experiments and proteomic analyzes have identified epiplakin as a possible MKS1 partner. Epiplakin is a cytolinker capable of binding keratin to membrane and actin; the interaction of MKS1 with epiplakin could thus account for the stabilization of both the keratin network and cell junctions. Additional proteomic analyzes and functional studies will complement these preliminary results.Finally, this work has also revealed the role of MKS1 in the stabilization of gap junctions; the depletion of MKS1 leading to a decrease in the junctional CX43 and an alteration of the intercellular communication function in the epithelial cells in culture. This work, which constitutes the first mention of a possible alteration of gap junctions in this type of disease, will have to be further developed to characterize their impact on tubulogenesis processes.In conclusion, this work which revealed a pre-ciliary role of MKS1 in epithelial homeostasis, provides new hypotheses for the etiology of ciliopathies, previously considered as essentially consecutive to signal transduction defects. It also proposes new mechanisms to account for abnormalities of hepatic development, such as bile ducts dysgenesis, and more broadly tubulogenesis processes involved in the development of many organs
Tiroille, Victor. "Ingénierie génétique d'organoïdes à l'aide de nanoblades et étude du rôle d'UBTD1 comme modulateur de la force d'adhésion cellulaire dans les organoïdes de prostate". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2021COAZ6039.
Testo completoDuring my thesis, I worked on the 3D organoid model following two main objectives: i) developing genetic tools to modify the genome of organoids and ii) deciphering the role of ubiquitin domain-containing protein 1 (UBTD1) in the development of prostate organoids . Genome engineering has become in the last few years more accessible thanks to the RNA programmable endonucleases such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system. However, using this editing technology in synthetic organs called ‘organoids’ is still very inefficient. This is mainly due to the delivery methods used for the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery, which are predominantly performed by electroporation of RNPs containing the CAS9-gRNA complex, a procedure toxic for the organoids. Here we describe the use of the ‘Nanoblade’ technology to accomplish genome editing in organoids. Nanoblades outperformed by far knockout (KO) levels achieved with other techniques used to date for delivery of the gene editing machinery. We reached up to 80% of gene knockout in organoids after treatment with nanoblades. We achieved high-level nanoblade-mediated KO for the androgen receptor (AR) encoding gene and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene with single gRNA or dual gRNA containing nanoblades. Most importantly, in contrast to other gene editing methods, this was obtained without toxicity for the organoids. Moreover, it requires only four weeks to obtain stable lines KO for a gene in organoids and no obvious unwanted INDELS in off-target site in the genome were detected. In conclusion, nanoblades simplify and allow rapid genome editing in organoids with little to no side-effects.Morphogenesis and tissue remodeling are finely regulated processes governed by cell-cell adhesions. However, the spatial and temporal control of adhesion molecules remains partially unexplored. Here we studied the role of UBTD1 as a modulator of the strength of adherens in the prostate epithelium. We showed that down-regulation of UBTD1 disrupted the self- organization of cells in three dimensions. Conversely, we demonstrated that overexpression of UBTD1 induced more regular epithelial monolayers and increased cell surface tension. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a gene expression profile of proteins involved in cell junctions affected by UBTD1 modulation. Using the prostate organoid model, we showed that UBTD1 expression in luminal cells disrupted cyst formation in mouse prostate organoids. Finally using a co-immunoprecipitation approach coupled to mass spectrometry, we showed that UBTD1 interacts with partners involved in cell-cell junctions and that these interactants have their expression modulated by UBTD1 deregulation. Our results show that a protein involved in protein degradation processes regulates the strength of adherens junctions
Chartier, Nicolas. "Mise en place des jonctions adhérentes lors de la différenciation entérocytaire et rôles de p120ctn dans l'homéostasie intestinale". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992066.
Testo completoSantiquet, Nicolas. "Régulation des jonctions communicantes chez les complexes ovocyte-cumulus de porc au cours de la maturation in vitro". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30338/30338.pdf.
Testo completoIntercellular gap-junctional communication (GJC) plays an important role in ovarian cell physiology. Closure of GJC has been proposed to be involved in oocyte maturation, particularly in the resumption of meiosis, both in vivo and in vitro, by controlling the flow of meiosis inhibitors, such as cAMP and cGMP. In the present study, we have first developed an assay based on recovery of calcein fluorescence in photobleached cumulus cells (FRAP: Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching) in the three-dimensional cumulus-oocyte complex (COC), during the first hours of porcine in vitro maturation (IVM). Results obtained using FRAP technology provide evidence that the composition of the IVM medium in terms of hormones and follicular fluid clearly affects cumulus-cumulus cell GJC. We then turned our attention to the effect of gonadotropins on connexins regulation. Indeed, GJC are composed of connexins proteins. We indentified Cx43, Cx45 and Cx60 as the main connexins expressed in swine COC. We show that gonadotropins regulate Cx43 protein level, degradation and localisation in the COC during the first hours of IVM. We finally turned our attention on the effect of natriuretic peptide C (CNP) on GJC regulation and meiotic resumption during porcine IVM. Indeed, CNP has been proposed to bind to receptor natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) where it triggers the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The cGMP produced is then transferred to the oocyte through gap junctions where it promotes meiotic arrest. Here we show that CNP and a cGMP analogue have different effects on GJC and Cx43 regulation suggesting that cGMP signaling may not be the only signaling pathway involving CNP. Moreover, we found that CNP is likely to bind to receptor natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) to play a role in maintaining meiotic arrest during porcine IVM, when activated in addition to NPR-B. In conclusion, we describe new mechanisms involved in the complex regulation of dynamic changes in GJCs and meiotic resumption. A better understanding of GJC regulation during IVM may in turn provide a powerful tool to improve assisted reproduction technologies and their efficacy in mammals.
Villars, Franck. "Etude in vitro du rôle des cellules endothéliales humaines dans la différenciation ostéoblastique : modèle de coopération cellulaire". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28765.
Testo completoVilleneuve, Clémentine. "L'oncogène aPKCi, nouvel acteur de la dissémination tumorale précoce". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02631809.
Testo completoMetastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent data suggest that metastatic dissemination often occurs at an early stage during tumour formation. Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process initiated from oncogenic single cells within a normal tissue. How these cancer cell alterations evolve within tightly regulated normal tissue environments remains elusive. Cell extrusion is a potential mechanism that allows for mutant cells to escape from untransformed epithelia, and the cues promoting tumor cell extrusion need to be identified. Polarity proteins may play essential roles in triggering cell extrusion and early tumor cell dissemination as loss of epithelial cell polarity is a hallmark of cancer cells that is correlated with tumor aggressiveness. The polarity protein kinase aPKCi (atypical Protein Kinase C iota) is an oncogene, which overexpression (aPKCi+) is of poor prognosis. Here, we identify aPKCi+ oncogenic basal extrusion from the normal mammary epithelium as a mechanism for early breast tumor cell dissemination in vivo. By combining in vitro biophysical approaches, we show an increase in cell tension at the interface between aPKCi+ and WT cells. This increase in cell tension depends on myosin II activity and is associated with the relocation of vinculin from cell-cell junctions to focal adhesions in aPKCi+ cells. The shift in vinculin localization affects aPKCi+/WT cell junction stability, leading to the acquisition of pro-migratory features in aPKCi+ cells. We propose that a balance between cell contractility and cell-cell adhesion at the interface of normal and oncogenic aPKCi+ cells is crucial for promoting basal cell extrusion. We anticipate that this mechanism may be conserved in other carcinomas, promoting early cancer cell dissemination
Marcelo, Paulo. "Régulation de l'expression du gène de l'IFN-γ dans le trophectoderme porcin : mise au point et étude d'un sytème cellulaire inductible in vitro". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112030.
Testo completoAn atypical, transient and developmentally regulated expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by pig embryo's trophectoderm raises interesting questions about the mechanisms of IFN-γ gene induction in this tissue. In order to study these mechanisms, we isolated a cloned cell line named B4-3. When these cells are grown on microporous membrane they differentiate into highly polarized cell monolayer as monitored by transepithelial resistance (TER) increase, is accompanied by a transient expression of IFN-γ in the apical compartment of the cell culture system within 4-6 days. When we treated B4-3 cells with PMA, we observed a dramatic decrease of the TER and a large increase of transcellular permeability indicating TJs slackening. Three days after PMA removal, TER reach initial values. We observed a close correlation between TER increase and a transient IFN-γ expression (5-10 fold higher than the spontaneous one). This is the first example of inducible expression of IFN-γ by a polarized epithelial cell. In B4-3 cells plated on filters, we observed that MEK/ERK pathway inhibition activated more rapidly TER rising correlated with IFN-γ mRNA and protein expression after PMA treatment suggesting a potent role of this transduction pathway in regulation of IFN-γ expression. We reported in B4-3 cells the IFN-γ gene promoter was hypomethylated, thus suggesting that hypomethylation may be necessary but not sufficient for gene expression. Then, we detected for the first time T-bet, a novel Th1-specific transcription factor recently described in T cells which controls IFN-γ gene transcription, in vivo in pig blastocyst and in vitro in B4-3 cells. These results suggest an additional mechanism of IFN-γ gene regulation in porcine trophoblastic cells
Neyton, Jacques. "Propriétés des canaux des jonctions Gap et leur modulation par les neurotransmetteurs : analyse électrophysiologique". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066298.
Testo completoPinheiro, Diana. "Understanding the mechanisms underlying force transmission during epithelial cell division". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066591/document.
Testo completoDuring epithelial cytokinesis, the remodelling of adhesive cell-cell contacts between the dividing cell and its neighbours has profound roles in the integrity, the arrangement and morphogenesis of proliferative tissues. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, this remodelling requires the activity of non-muscle Myosin II (MyoII) in the interphasic cells neighbouring the dividing cells. However, the mechanisms coordinating cytokinesis and MyoII activity in the neighbours are unknown. Here, we found that, in the Drosophila notum epithelium, each cell division is associated with a mechano-sensing and transmission event controlling MyoII dynamics in the neighbours. We established that the ring pulling forces promote local junction elongation, resulting in a decrease of E-Cadherin (E-Cad) concentration at the ingressing adherens junction (AJ). In turn, the local reduction of E-Cad concentration and the contractility of the neighbouring cells promote self-organized actomyosin flows, ultimately leading to MyoII accumulation at the base of the ingressing AJ. While mechano-sensing has been extensively studied in the context of AJ reinforcement to stabilize the adhesive cell-cell contacts, we propose an alternative mechano-sensing mechanism able to coordinate actomyosin dynamics between epithelial cells and to sustain AJ remodelling in response to mechanical forces
Bellamy, Charlotte. "Functional characterization of a novel mutation in PRKCA, the major driver of Chordoid glioma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL052.
Testo completoChordoid glioma (ChG) is a rare low-grade brain tumor, characterised by a novel recurrent point mutation PRKCA p.D463H, a substitution in the kinase domain of Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα). This study demonstrates the role of this mutated kinase in the development of ChGs. Here we show the inactivation and dominant negative effect of PKCαD463H via in vitro and In cellulo activity assays. Our results show the mutation affects the tertiary structure, resulting in an open, unstable protein. Phosphoproteomic and Co-Immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry data from HEK cells overexpressing PKC⍺D463H show decreased phosphorylation and interaction with proteins involved in cell adhesion. We confirm genetically through single nuclei RNAseq that ChGs derive from specialised tanycytes. By understanding the cell context of tumorigenesis alongside the functional changes of this mutation on the activity and interactome of PKCα, we elaborated a model of the development of ChGs alongside the identification of a therapeutic approach
Bernard-Perrone, Françoise. "Etude de la protéine reg et du trypsinogène au cours des mécanismes de prolifération et de différenciation de l'épithelium intestinal, normal et cancéreux". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30019.
Testo completoLoiselet, Alicia. "Trafficking cellulaire lors de l’interaction de Candida albicans avec les cellules entérocytaires Caco-2". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCI003.
Testo completoCandida albicans (C. albicans) is a commensal yeast of the human mucosa, responsible for severe opportunistic infections in debilitated patients. Candidemia and disseminated candidiasis are mainly of endogenous origin, where C. albicans cells colonizing the digestive tract can translocate through the gut barrier. The objectives of this thesis were (i) to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the invasion of C. albicans through intestinal epithelial layers and (ii) to study the role of intestinal tight junctions (TJ) in these mechanisms. Using an in vitro model of Caco-2 cells, we show that TJ provide a protective role to the gut barrier by limiting invasion of C. albicans into intestinal epithelial cells. Enterocyte invasion is indeed facilitated when TJ display immature or pharmacologically impaired structure. Moreover, we show that C. albicans by itself is able to modulate the structure of JS to secondarily facilitate its invasion into intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, an increase in the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers associated with a destruction of TJ proteins was observed both during C. albicans infection of cells and during treatment of cells with fungal culture’s supernatant. All of these data suggest that a virulence factor of C. albicans is secreted by the filamentous form of the fungus that would be involved in the trafficking of TJ
Zvalova, Darina. "Étude de la modulation de la communication entre astrocytes par les jonctions de type gap au cours du stress cellulaire : mise en évidence du rôle des kinases ERK/MAPK et p38/SAPK2". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066379.
Testo completoAubert, Marine. "Modélisation de la migration de cellules tumorales : évolution in vitro de sphéroïdes de cellules issues de glioblastomes". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341905.
Testo completoPatoine, Dany. "Implication des connexions dans les effets de l'ischémie cardiaque". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19574.
Testo completoPinheiro, Diana. "Understanding the mechanisms underlying force transmission during epithelial cell division". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066591.pdf.
Testo completoDuring epithelial cytokinesis, the remodelling of adhesive cell-cell contacts between the dividing cell and its neighbours has profound roles in the integrity, the arrangement and morphogenesis of proliferative tissues. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, this remodelling requires the activity of non-muscle Myosin II (MyoII) in the interphasic cells neighbouring the dividing cells. However, the mechanisms coordinating cytokinesis and MyoII activity in the neighbours are unknown. Here, we found that, in the Drosophila notum epithelium, each cell division is associated with a mechano-sensing and transmission event controlling MyoII dynamics in the neighbours. We established that the ring pulling forces promote local junction elongation, resulting in a decrease of E-Cadherin (E-Cad) concentration at the ingressing adherens junction (AJ). In turn, the local reduction of E-Cad concentration and the contractility of the neighbouring cells promote self-organized actomyosin flows, ultimately leading to MyoII accumulation at the base of the ingressing AJ. While mechano-sensing has been extensively studied in the context of AJ reinforcement to stabilize the adhesive cell-cell contacts, we propose an alternative mechano-sensing mechanism able to coordinate actomyosin dynamics between epithelial cells and to sustain AJ remodelling in response to mechanical forces
Voegelin, Manon. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription E2F2 et ID3 dans la progression tumorale et intérêt du ciblage de l'aminopeptidase N/CD13 dans le traitement du cancer colique humain". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871983.
Testo completoJneid, Rouba. "Effet des bioinsecticides à base de Bacillus thuringiensis sur la physiologie intestinale de la Drosophile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2021COAZ6003.
Testo completoMicrobes, toxins and chemicals such as pesticides are harmful agents that could attack the gastrointestinal tract throughout organismal life. This triggers a rapid renewing of damaged intestinal cells to sustain a functional barrier to limit the risk of developing pathologies. The repair process involves a transient proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the differentiation of their progeny into enterocytes to replace the damaged ones. Among pesticides, the broadly used bioinsecticides composed of spores and crystalline (Cry) toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki (Btk) are expected to supplant synthetic chemical pesticides to specifically fight lepidopteran pests. We have investigated here the effects of spores and toxins of Btk ingested along with the food on intestinal cellular homeostasis of the non-target dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. We showed that Btk Cry toxins induce enterocyte death and ISC proliferation. Surprisingly, a high proportion of ISC's daughter cells differentiate into enteroendocrine cells instead of their initial enterocyte destiny. This imbalanced intestinal cell composition is due to Cry toxins which weakened cell adhesion between the ISC mother cell and its immediate daughter progenitor leading the latter to adopt an enteroendocrine cell fate. Our results further showed that Cry1A family of toxins is implicated in this intestinal cell fate diversion, suggesting that Btk bioinsecticides induce non-negligible deleterious effects on gut physiology
Pinto, Giulia. "Tunneling Nanotubes and their role in Glioblastoma Treatment-Resistance". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS061.pdf.
Testo completoGlioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive brain cancer that relapses after therapy and is caused by stem cells called GSCs. Intercellular communication plays a role in resistance to therapy, as the GSCs can interconnect through thick extensions, named Tumor Microtubes (TM), which promote the transmission of current through GAP-junctions. Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs) are thin open communication channels between cells allowing the bilateral transfer of cellular material. They have also been described in several cancers and associated with a more malignant phenotype. The aim of my project was to determine whether TNTs exist in various GBM models and whether they contribute to cellular communication and resistance to therapy. I used three cell lines and two GSCs from the same patient. All of these cells were capable of forming TNTs transferring vesicles or mitochondria in adherent culture. The two GSCs showed different TNT communication capabilities under both control and irradiation conditions, in accordance with the heterogeneity of the original tumour. By cultivating the GSCs in tumour organoids, a three-dimensional model representative of several tumour characteristics, I demonstrated the presence of functional TNT, as well as TM-like connections. In conclusion, I propose that TNTs exist in the GBM, where they allow the transfer of cellular material and that together with TMs, they are involved in resistance to therapies and relapse of the GBM
Ferro, Magali. "Development of conducting polymer devices for the monitoring of in vitro barrier tissue models". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM017.
Testo completoIn vitro cell models are widely accepted platforms for toxicological studies. However starting from the 2D models, improvements are needed to reproduce the physiological environment of the tissue. Advances in tissue engineering have given rise to 3D barrier tissue models that recreate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, electrical platforms to quantify barrier tissue permeability hasn’t followed the rapid pace of models complexification. In this work I explore the possibilities to design conductive polymer-based devices adapted for the characterization of barrier tissue models. Conventional electrical tools used to evaluate integrity of barrier tissues are made of metal electrodes placed on each side of the tissue. This technology presents limitations when it comes to analyzing customized 3D tissue models due to issues in electrode size and stiffness. As an alternative option to metal electrodes, organic electronic materials have shown great promise to interface with biological tissues. In particular the Organic ElectroChemical Transistor (OECT) using PEDOT:PSS has already shown great efficiency to quantify electrical properties of barrier tissues in 2D. Thanks to microfabrication techniques they can be miniaturized and tuned to form mechanically compliant interface with a range of biological tissues. In this thesis, OECT compatibility with models such as tracheal cell culture at the air-liquid interface, spheroid models and microvessel-on-a-chip system has been tested. The achievements described in this work present significant progress in the field of in vitro platforms of barrier tissue modeling for toxicology and drug discovery testing
Chepied, Amandine. "Étude de l'implication de la Connexine 43 dans le processus d'invasion des glioblastomes humains". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2274/document.
Testo completoSince several decades, the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is known to be involved in carcinogenesis. This involvement seems complicated by the fact that connexins could increase cancer cells invasion ability while decreasing their proliferation. This was especially observed for connexin 43 (Cx43) in the case of glioma cells. But high-grade gliomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM) has invasion properties that make it difficult to remove surgically and promote their recurrence. To clarify the Cx43 role in the control of GBM cells invasive capacities, we used the GBM U251 cell line expressing Cx43 levels, mRNA and protein, reduced by shRNA strategy. Through this approach, we confirmed that Cx43 expression level is associated with the invasive capacity of GBM cells. Furthermore we have shown, for the first time, that Cx43 is localized in invasive proteolytic structures, the invadopodia. We also show that, by its location, Cx43 promotes invadopodia formation by acting as a scaffolding protein that allows Src and Cortactin interaction. Moreover, Cx43 hemichannel activity, probably inhibited by Bisphenol A, has negative effects on invadopodia kinetics development. A proteome and secretome study of U251 cells and shRNA clones allowed the identification of proteins involved in invasion and invadopodia formation and function.In conclusion, Cx43 participates in the invasive process of GBM cells by promoting invadopodia formation and function. This new function of Cx43 seems to be the result of its scaffold proteins and hemichannel properties, but not its role described mainly in CIJG
Wang, Zhimin. "Studying the formation of tricellular junction upon epithelial cell division in Drosophila". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066531.
Testo completoTo maintain epithelial tissue organisation and polarity, new cell-cell junctions need to be formed upon cell division. To understand the mechanisms of junction formation during cytokinesis, we explored in Drosophila epithelial tissues, the de novo formation of tricellular septate junctions (TCJs), which are critical to tissue barrier function, stem cell homeostasis and mitotic spindle orientation. During the final stages of cytokinetic ring constriction, the membranes of the two daughter cells and of the neighbouring cells located below the adherens junction (AJ) remain entangled in a 4-cell structure apposed to the midbody. Protein constituents of the septate junction Discs-large (Dlg) and Neuroglian (Nrg) and the components of the TCJ Gliotactin (Gli) and Anakonda (Aka) accumulate in this 4-cell structure. Subsequently, a basal descent of the midbody correlates with the detachment of the neighbouring cell membranes, disengagement of the daughter cells from their neighbours and the formation of mature TCJs. The detachment of the neighbouring cells from the midbody is independent of abscission. On the contrary, the loss of Gli or Aka function prevents the resolution of the connection between the daughter-neighbour cells and the midbody movement. Altogether, we propose that TCJ proteins control an additional step of cytokinesis necessary for the disentanglement of the daughter cells and their neighbours during epithelial cytokinesis
Gayrard, Charlène. "Mécanotransduction au complexe E-cadhérine/β-caténine lors de la transition épithelio-mésenchymateuse". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC269/document.
Testo completoIn multicellular organisms, cells generate and experience mechanical forces that propagate between and within cells. These forces may shape cells, tissues and organs, and also convert into biochemical signals. In a simple epithelium, cells form tissue sheets by directly adhering to one another through adhesion complexes, such as the Adherens Junctions. Adherens Junctions comprise transmembrane proteins E-cadherins, which are under actomyosin-generated tension via a link that contains β-catenin. β-catenin is also a major transcription cofactor that regulates gene activity associated with Epithelial-to-Mesenchyme Transition when translocated in the nucleus. β-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity are mechanically inducible in a variety of healthy and disease models and were proposed to follow phosphorylation-induced -catenin release from E-cadherin. However, direct evidence for this translocation and these mechanisms are lacking, and whether E-cadherin tension is involved is unknown.In this thesis, we assess the relationship between E-cadherin tension and β-catenin nuclear localization and activity, determine the relevance of β-catenin shuttling between membrane and nucleus, and characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms in cells migrating in an at least partial EMT-like fashion upon hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or wound stimulation. We showed that β-catenin nuclear activity follows a substantial release from the membrane that is specific to migrating cells. This translocation occurs downstream of the Src-FAK pathway, which targets E-cadherin tension relaxation. The underlying mechanisms sufficiently involve actomyosin remodeling, characterized by an enrichment of ventral stress fibers that capture phosphomyosin at the expense of the cortex at Adherens Junctions. In contrast, phosphorylations of the cadherin/catenin complex are not substantially required. These data demonstrate that E-cadherin acts as a sensor of intracellular mechanics in a crosstalk with cell-substrate adhesions that targets β-catenin signaling
El, khatib Mariam. "Implication des porines dans la genèse et le développement des biofilms de Providencia stuartii". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV012/document.
Testo completoBiofilms, bacterial multicellular communities, are ubiquitous. Despite their importance to the ecosystem, they pose a threat to both industry and human health. The virulence of biofilms is mainly due to their high resistance to antibiotics, which makes their eradication virtually impossible. Thus, biofilms are involved in most chronic bacterial infections, causing each year more than 4,000 deaths in France. P. stuartii is a bacterium known for its ability to form biofilms in the human urinary tract. It is responsible for 10% of chronic nosocomial urinary infections and is described as the most resistant of its kind. Despite these facts, studies on this bacterium are rare, hampering the understanding of the mechanism of development and resistance of its biofilms and thus complicating the advancement of new therapies to fight, prevent or eradicate these infections. P. stuartii expresses at its outer membrane two porins, Omp-Pst1 and Omp-Pst2, which constitute 70% of the membrane protein content. These porins are the main conduit allowing the bacterium to communicate and exchange with its surrounding environment. Thus, porins are vital for the bacteria.To date, three publications are available that deal with these two porins, but none have explored their influence on the formation of bacterial biofilms. The work carried out during my thesis thus aimed to reduce the lack of knowledge about P. stuartii's biofilm and to unveil the role of porins in the establishment and resistance of these biofilms. For this, we have divided our work into four parts aiming at (1) understanding of P. stuartii's biofilms formation and their response to the stresses of the surrounding environment; (2) describing the effect of suppression or overexpression of porins; (3) studying the behavior of isolated porins on a molecular and atomic scale; and (4) developing tools for studying porins on a molecular scale within a biofilm of P. stuartii
Le, Morvan Valérie. "Etude du gène candidat suppresseur de tumeur codant pour la protéine de jonction serrée ZO-2". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28649.
Testo completoBEX, VALERIE. "Actions de divers agents modulateurs de la cancerogenese sur les jonctions communicantes de systemes cellulaires hepatiques". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066792.
Testo completoGuyomar, Tristan. "Roles of acto-myosin cortex dynamics in organoid self-organisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ100.
Testo completoIn this PhD study, we investigate organoids—self-assembled mini-organs derived from a few stem cells, offering a unique perspective on organogenesis. Our research links organoid shapes and collective motions to the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the acto-myosin cortex. At the interface between Physics and Biology, we design experiments to quantify cellular and tissue properties and use theoretical physics to integrate measurements into models revealing the self-organization of organoids. Using MDCK cysts, an organotypic model, we explore (i) the role of cortical asymmetries on cell shape and cyst structure, (ii) how tight junction proteins influence cyst morphology and mechanics, and (iii) the emergence of spontaneous 3D collective rotation of cell doublets due to symmetry breaking of acto-myosin dynamics. Our work highlights the intricate link between organoid self-organisation and acto-myosin dynamics further revealing how out-of-equilibrium properties drive morphogenesis
Heyraud, Stéphanie. "Nouvelle architecture de la jonction adhérente endothéliale". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179647.
Testo completoAfin de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à l'ouverture des jonctions, nous avons établi la composition protéique du complexe à base de VE-cadhérine des jonctions adhérentes matures de cellules endothéliales primaires confluentes de type HUVEC. Pour cela, nous avons couplé immunoprécipitation et analyse protéomique par spectrométrie de masse (LC-nanoESI-MS/MS). Nous avons ainsi identifié de nouveaux partenaires du complexe à base de VE-cadhérine jamais identifiés auparavant au niveau de la jonction adhérente endothéliale. Parmi ceux-ci se trouvent des protéines liant l'actine telles l'annexine 2 et la moésine.
Nos résultats indiquent que l'annexine 2, qui s'accumule à la membrane plasmique au niveau des radeaux de cholestérol, entre en interaction directe avec le complexe à base de VE-cadhérine. Ainsi, l'annexine 2 connecte le complexe jonctionnel à base de VE-cadhérine au cytosquelette d'actine dans les HUVEC confluentes. L'utilisation de siRNA nous a permis d'établir que l'expression de l'annexine 2 est absolument nécessaire au maintien de la VE-cadhérine à la membrane plasmique. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'annexine 2, connectée à l'actine, arrime le complexe à base de VE-cadhérine au niveau des radeaux de cholestérol. En limitant la diffusion membranaire du complexe jonctionnel, ces interactions aboutissent à une consolidation des jonctions adhérentes ce qui contribue à maintenir l'intégrité de l'endothélium vasculaire. Lorsque les HUVEC sont soumises à des molecules destabilisant les jonctions adhérentes, une délocalisation de l'annexine 2 de la membrane vers le cytosol et une perturbation de la localisation de la VE-cadhérine sont observés. Ceci suggère que le prérequis à l'ouverture des jonctions adhérentes nécessite une rupture de l'interaction existant entre le complexe à base de VE-cadhérine et l'annexine 2.
La moésine, quant à elle, semble interagir avec le complexe à base de VE-cadhérine dans les jonctions immatures formées entre cellules sub-confluentes. La moésine serait donc impliquée dans l'établissement des contacts intercellulaires précoces plutôt que dans la maturation des jonctions endothéliales.
Sousa, Sandra. "Mécanismes d'entrée de Listeria monocytogenes dans les cellules non-phagocytaires : étude des facteurs cellulaires en aval de l'interaction InIA/E-cadhérine". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077172.
Testo completoDerangeon, Mickaël. "Implication de la GTPase RhoA et des récepteurs à la sérotonine couplés aux protéines G dans la régulation fonctionnelle des canaux intercellulaires présents dans les myocytes auriculaires et ventriculaires de rat nouveau-né". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2309.
Testo completoTria, Scherrine. "Novel in vitro models for pathogen detection based on organic transistors integrated with living cells". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00972057.
Testo completoBen, Chedly Hedi. "Dynamique et activité des cellules épitheliales mammaires lors de la monotraite chez la chèvre : implication de l’ouverture des jonctions cellulaires". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARI053.
Testo completoThe control of the cost of production and the improvement of working conditions are needed for the sustainability of dairy farming. This can be reached by the development of new management practices such as once daily milking. However, this practice is associated to a decrease in milk yield. Some hypotheses suggest that the disruption mammary epithelium can be involved in this phenomenon. The identification of regulatory mechanisms involved in practice in order to minimize its negative effects but also will enable evaluation the effects of determine the effects of the induction of cell junction disruption on the dynamics and activity of mammary epithelial cells. The second goal of this work was to identify the mechanisms responsible for a milk yield decrease during once daily milking and the involvement of mammary cell junction disruption in that phenomenon. In a first part, an induction of cell junction disruption in the goat mammary gland was carried out by intra mammary infusions of EGTA and lactose and also by 36 h of milk accumulation