Bibliografie tematiche / Itabira (Brazil) in literature

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024
Ultima modifica: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

1

Jordt-Evangelista, Hanna, Cristiano Lana, Carlos Eduardo Reinaldo Delgado e Deiwys José Viana. "Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite". Brazilian Journal of Geology 46, n. 3 (settembre 2016): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-4889201620150074.

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ABSTRACT: In the Itabira-Nova Era Emerald District, southeast Brazil, gemological emerald is extracted from underground mines found in schist-type deposits at the contact zone of the Archean Metavolcanosedimentary Sequence of the Guanhães Complex and Paleoproterozoic anorogenic granites of the Borrachudos Suite. Schist-type deposits are commonly generated by reactions enhanced by deformation and heat during regional metamorphism. The age of the mineralization in the region has been a matter of debate for decades: Ages ranging from the Archean to the Neoproterozoic are mentioned in the literature. In the mineralized zone from the Piteiras mine fluorine-aluminum-bearing titanite is found in metamafic rocks. The fluorine content was probably derived from the Borrachudos granites and pegmatites like the beryllium for emerald, thus both minerals could have been generated during the same event. U-Pb titanite geochronology via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was performed on a thin section of a phlogopite-plagioclase-hornblende schist from the Piteiras mine. The determined age of 576 ± 7 Ma is also the probable age for emerald generation during the Brasiliano cycle, which was the only tectonometamorphic event postdating the intrusion of the granites. This event provided heat and fluids necessary for reactions between the Be- and the Cr-bearing rocks, thus enabling the formation of emeralds.
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Alves, Higor dos Santos, e Ana Carolina Vasques Freitas. "Critical air pollution events analysis in Itabira – Minas Gerais, Brazil". Research, Society and Development 10, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2021): e51610110587. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.10587.

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The rates of atmospheric pollution are increasing in world over the years, which makes this topic more and more concerning. Weather conditions, associated with anthropogenic factors, play a fundamental role in modifying the air quality. In this context, this article aims to analyze the influence of meteorological factors during critical episodes of air pollution in the city of Itabira – Minas Gerais. Hourly air quality and meteorological data, provided by the Municipal Environment Secretariat (SMMA) of the Itabira City Hall, were used in this analysis. A selection of the critical events was made and, after that, the composites and daily anomalies for each event were calculated. The results obtained showed that in the critical days of pollution negative anomalies of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and wind speed were observed. For temperature, solar radiation and wind direction the anomalies are positive during critical days. In terms of emitting sources, there has been an increase in the vehicle fleet since 2014, presenting a positive trend of 1.151 vehicles per year. In addition, a number of 111 fire outbreaks were observed on the most critical day of all events. It is important to highlight the role of air quality control and monitoring, together with the analysis of meteorological conditions, as, currently, the maximum values established by legislation do not include changes in weather conditions, that can worsen air quality and harm the health of the population.
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Vianna, Manoella Campostrini Barreto, Maurício Claudio Horta, Luis Antônio Sangioni, Adriana Cortez, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Cláudio Lisias Mafra, Márcio Antônio Moreira Galvão, Marcelo Bahia Labruna e Solange Maria Gennari. "Rickettsial spotted fever in capoeirão Village, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, n. 5 (ottobre 2008): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000500009.

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The present study investigated the infection by spotted fever rickettsia in an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever (BSF; caused by Rickettsia rickettsii) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Human, canine and equine sera samples, and Amblyomma cajennense adult ticks collected in a rural area of Itabira City, Minas Gerais State were tested for rickettsial infection. Through Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) we demonstrated the presence of antibodies anti-R. rickettsii in 8.2%, 81.3% and 100% of the human, canine and equine sera, respectively. None of the 356 tick specimens analyzed were positive for Rickettsia by the hemolymph test or Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) for the htrA and the gltA genes. Our serological results on horses and dogs (sentinels for BSF) appoint for the circulation of a SFG Rickettsia in the study area, however in a very low infection rate among the A. cajennense tick population.
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Cabral, A. R., B. Lehmann, H. F. Galbiatti e O. G. Rocha Filho. "Evidence for metre-scale variations in hematite composition within the Palaeoproterozoic Itabira Iron Formation, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Mineralogical Magazine 70, n. 5 (ottobre 2006): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461067050352.

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AbstractHematite is a mineral the chemical composition of which rarely differs significantly from stoichiometric Fe2O3. As such, little attention has been paid to the mineral chemistry of hematite in Precambrian iron formations, where hematite forms monomineralic high-grade orebodies. Electron microprobe analysis of hematite from two iron-ore deposits, Cauê (Itabira district) and Gongo Soco, in the Palaeoproterozoic Itabira Iron Formation, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil, has revealed distinct variations in chemical composition with respect to Ti and Cr. Hematite containing Ti and/or Cr is of very local occurrence in the itabirite unit and shows a spatial relationship to hematitic, palladiferous gold-bearing veins (known as ‘jacutinga’), occurring either within the veins (adjacent to, or included in, palladiferous gold grains) or in their vicinity. Where present, titaniferous hematite (to ∼1.3 wt.% TiO2) is lepidoblastic and defines a pervasive tectonic foliation (S1). In contrast, Ti-free, chromiferous hematite (to ∼6.4 wt.% Cr2O3) characteristically occurs as inclusions in palladiferous gold within S1-truncating ‘jacutinga’. Replacement of granoblastic, Ti-free, chromiferous martite with relicts of magnetite by lepidoblastic, Cr-depleted, titaniferous hematite proves that Cr and Ti were mobile during metamorphism. Chromium was ultimately fractionated into the hematite found in auriferous aggregates within cross-cutting ‘jacutinga’. A positive correlation between Cr and Pt in bulk-rock samples from the Itabira district suggests that Cr is a potential prospective guide for Au-Pd-Pt-bearing hematitic veins (‘jacutinga’).
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Olivo, Gema Ribeiro, e Michel Gauthier. "Palladium minerals from the Cauê iron mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Mineralogical Magazine 59, n. 396 (settembre 1995): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.059.396.07.

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AbstractPalladium-bearing minerals from the Cauê iron mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, are found in gold-rich jacutinga, a hydrothermally-altered Lake Superior-type carbonate-bearing oxide facies iron-formation. Palladium occurs as: native palladium with trace contents of Au, Fe and Cu; palladseite ((Pd,Cu,Hg)17Se15), which was found in the core of a grain of palladium; palladium–copper oxide ((Pd,Cu)O); and arsenopalladinite (Pd8(As,Sb)3), with inclusions of palladium–copper oxide. The palladium and palladium–copper oxide grains are coated with films of gold and commonly do not exceed 100 µm in width. These palladium minerals occur in hematite bands and in boudinaged bands of quartz and white phyllosilicate parallel to the S1 mylonitic foliation. Palladium-copper oxide also occurs as inclusions in gold grains which are strongly to weakly stretched parallel to S1.Palladium mineralization is interpreted as synchronous with intense D1 shearing and contemporaneous with the peak of thermal metamorphism. At high oxygen fugacities and high temperatures (up to 600°C), Pd may have been transported as chloride complexes and deposited following changes in pH caused by mineralizing fluids reacting with jacutinga. Deposition may also have been prompted by the formation of insoluble selenide and arsenide–antimonide minerals and by the dilution of C1 concentrations in the mineralizing fluid. Textural studies, and the zonation observed in palladium and other hydrothermal minerals, suggest that oscillations in the physico-chemical conditions of hydrothermal fluids occurred during the mineralizing event.
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Olivo, G. R., M. Gauthier e M. Bardoux. "Palladian gold from the cauê iron mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Mineralogical Magazine 58, n. 393 (dicembre 1994): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.05.

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AbstractPalladian gold from the Cauê iron mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil is found in horizons of hydrothermally-altered Lake Superior-type oxide-facies iron-formation locally called jacutinga. Palladium content of the gold grains varies from 1% to 20%, high palladium values being associated with palladium-copper-oxide inclusions and showing island-mainland and replacement (relict) textures in the Corpo Y and Corpo X orebodies. In the Aba Leste orebody, palladium is homogeneously distributed throughout the gold grains.Palladium and gold mineralization was synchronous with intense D1 shearing. Palladium was deposited early during the generation of S1-mylonitic foliation, and was replaced by gold during progressive deformation.At high oxygen fugacities (hematite stability field) and high temperatures (up to 600°C) Pd and Au may have been transported as chloride complexes, and their deposition may have occurred mainly as a result of changes in pH, but dilution of Cl concentrations may have also caused Pd and Au precipitation. Deposition of Pd as selenide may have taken place early during the creation of S1-fabrics.
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Milanez, Bruno, e Rodrigo Salles Pereira dos Santos. "Embedded corporate strategies and power: The case of Vale S.A. in Itabira, Brazil". Extractive Industries and Society 6, n. 3 (luglio 2019): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.05.015.

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Wasylycia-Leis, Joseph, Patricia Fitzpatrick e Alberto Fonseca. "Mining Communities from a Resilience Perspective: Managing Disturbance and Vulnerability in Itabira, Brazil". Environmental Management 53, n. 3 (28 gennaio 2014): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0230-1.

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Gonçalves, José Augusto Costa, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues Pereira e Eliane Maria Vieira. "Evaluation of the groundwater recharge potential using GIS multi-criteria data analysis: a case study from district of Itabira, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil". Ciência e Natura 42 (30 dicembre 2020): e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40433.

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Knowledge about the groundwater potential is an important tool to sustainably manage groundwater exploitation. In this context, based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multicriteria analysis by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this study had the objective of mapping the groundwater potential of the district of Itabira, Minas Gerais, which is one of the largest mining regions in Brazil. The evaluation of the regional groundwater potential was based on thematic maps of land use and cover, soil, geology, slope, lineament density, and drainage density. From the evaluation of these parameters and their classes, weights were assigned by the AHP method, according to the influence of each one with regard to favoring water infiltration and aquifer recharge. The thematic maps were integrated in a GIS environment, generating a groundwater map of the district divided into five classes of groundwater potential (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high). In about 64% of the territory the potential for groundwater occurrence was very low to low and from moderate to very high in about 36%. The groundwater potential map showed that 64.42% of the district of Itabira has very low to low potential indices, mainly due to a number of regional characteristics that make aquifer infiltration and recharge difficult and occur in large areas of the territory.
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Rosa, A. P., A. V. Santos, A. D. U. C. Schmidt, J. M. Borges e C. A. L. Chernicharo. "Scum yield and effectiveness of a hydrostatic removal device: case study of Laboreaux STP". Water Practice and Technology 12, n. 1 (1 marzo 2017): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.002.

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This paper aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a device to remove scum from the inner part of gas-liquid-solid separators of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating domestic sewage, as well as determining the scum yield coefficient for different reactors’ operating conditions. The experiments were carried out at the Laboreaux sewage treatment plant (Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil) and the effectiveness of the scum removal device was fully demonstrated, with median efficiencies ranging from 65 to 90%. The average scum yield varied from 6.8 to 14.6 mL of scum formed per kg COD applied.
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Tesi sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

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Fleischer, Proaño Laura Lynn. "Women’s Empowerment and Microcredit in Brazil: A Case Study of the Banco do Povo de Itabira". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1113830516.

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Fleischer, Proaño Laura Lynn. "Women's empowerment and microcredit in Brazil : a case study of the Banco do Povo de Itabira /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113830516.

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Schincariol, Marcelo Tadeu. "Em busca da alma de Itabira : uma leitura de Cornelio Penna". [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269951.

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Orientador: Enid Yatsuda Frederico
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T18:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schincariol_MarceloTadeu_M.pdf: 5824341 bytes, checksum: a40eec36bb5ca0d3f10d881c8b6e3d32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: O trabalho que se segue tem como objetivo acompanhara recepção crítica dos três primeiros romances de Cornélio Penna - Fronteira (1935), Dois romances de Nico Horta (1939) e Repouso (1949). Em termos mais precisos, pretende-se avaliar em que medida a crítica brasileira libertou-se dos parâmetros estéticos do (neo)realismo ao tratar do modo singular como a realidade é representada em tais romances
Abstract: This work aims at analyzing the reception of the literary innovations introduced by Cornélio Pennas in the context of the Braziliam literature of the thirties. The focus is on the narrative procedures responsible for the way the reality is represented in Fronteira (1935), Dois romances de Nico Horta (1939) e Repouso (1949), which relates to a singular conception of novel in the literature of our country
Mestrado
Mestre em Teoria Literaria
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Manthei, Jennifer Judith. "Reading race: Adolescent girls in Brazil". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290077.

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This dissertation investigates the roles of color, class, and gender discourses in the lives of adolescent and post-adolescent girls in Brazil. Specifically, it examines girls' multiple perspectives, embedded in diverse social locations, and the ways in which girls interpret and deploy participular elements of color and class discourses in their projects of self-making. The results of the study provide insight into the diverse ways in which identity discourses may be experienced and a range of perspectives to contribute to qualitative analyses of color identity and relations in contemporary Brazil. Disaggregating the data according to the participants' color and class reveals distinct views on color classification, perceptions of racism, and the role of color in partner preferences. Whereas the lighter/wealthier girls (re)produce discourses of systematic racism, the darker/poorer girls (re)produced discourses of color equality and individualism. A holistic approach to their ideological systems reveals that each group selects discursive elements that grant dignity, self-worth, and personal integrity to their particular social location. The manner in which girls interpret and deploy color images is also variable. For example, the lighter/wealthier girls tended to dismiss the national image of the sexy mulata (female of both African and European heritage) as a product for export, whereas darker/poorer girls appropriated the mulata as a positive model of attractiveness and self-worth in their daily constructions of self. Furthermore, this research discusses how partner expectations and career aspirations are mutually constructive and lead to an ideal life trajectory culminating in financial independence. Although the ideal shared by all young girls, their ability to pursue the trajectory varies, patterned by color and class. The fact that poorer and darker girls cling to high professional goals in an unsupportive environment, bolstered by the ideology of individual willpower, is interpreted as a specifically adolescent discourse of hope. In summary, this dissertation illustrates multiple ways in which discourses of identity may be experienced, interpreted, and deployed in daily life and self-making. Investigating how color discourses are invoked by these adolescent girls representing particular social locations contributes to a more complex, heterogeneous understanding of color identities and relations in contemporary Brazil.
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Skinner, Rachel Davidson. "Nísia Floresta: Setting a Foundation for Feminist Literature in Brazil". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3905.

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Many historians and literary critics recognize the nineteenth-century Brazilian author, Nísia Floresta, as the first feminist in Brazil. "Nísia Floresta é considerada a precursora dos ideais feministas no Brasil. Desde o início de sua carreira literária, a defesa dos direitos femininos foi o tema mais recorrente em sua obra"(Castro 250). Her works, published in Brazil and also in France and Italy, influenced women across borders. This thesis will address the discourse on maternity and education found in her works Opúsculo humanitário, Direitos das mulheres e injustiças dos homens, A mulher, and Conselhos à minha filha. Focusing on gender equality and the position of women in society, Floresta's writings appeared in newspapers, pamphlets and books in the early nineteenth century. Contemporary scholars have given her the title of feminist though Floresta never called herself that, for she offered intriguing support for women's stereotypical role as mothers, as well as addressing the liberal notion of women's education. Floresta's publications are of great value due to the scarcity of women writers during her time and because she offers a rare feminine perspective on society both in Brazil and in Europe.
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Lessa, Ana Claudia. "Brazil : "que país é esse"? : music and power in Legião Urbana". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12167/.

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This thesis addresses, amongst other issues, the phenomenon of protest music with particular reference to Brazil within its pre- and post-dictatorship period. The time-frame being understood as that which finds its roots many decades prior to the 1964 so-called revolution – a de facto¬ military putsch – and comes to flower in the democratic moment of the 1980s and since. The focus will be, eventually, directed to one of the most celebrated Brazilian rock phenomena, the band Legião Urbana, the impact of which still resonates across the artistic, cultural and political scene in Brazil and beyond. In order to establish the context in which such a claim can be viable, the thesis explores the ideological and historical background to the emergence, on a national, and international, stage of something beyond the artistic and cultural ‘dependence’ seing before that period within Brazilian music.
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Fachini, zanirato Clara. "The discrepancy of the eye: identity development of Nikkei communities in Brazil and Peru (1900-present)". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595590831072499.

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Degoes, Plinio T. "The 1824 Confederation of the Equator and Cultural Production in Brazil". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467225.

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During the 1824 Confederation of the Equator revolt in northeastern Brazil, a middle-class junta rose to power and waged a war against the monarchy in Rio, journalists participating in creating pedagogical ideological pamphlets, actively engaging in battles, and governing until the revolt was suppressed after a few months. Despite the short duration of this rebel government, the Confederation of the Equator and its ideology have been addressed in cultural production by authors and painters associated with different political movements in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including Jõao Cabral de Melo Neto, Carlos Queiroz Telles, Antônio Parreiras, Gustavo Barroso, Cícero Dias, Murillo La Greca, Heloneida Studart, José Pimentel and Câmara Cascudo. This thesis discusses the history of the event, the content of the message of these thinkers, the spread of their ideas over the course of the nineteenth century and the deployment of the Confederation and its ideas by cultural producers in order to prove that this event has had an impact on the arts in Brazil.
Romance Languages and Literatures
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VERANI, ANA CAROLINA. "LIMA BARETO S SAD END: LITERATURE, MADNESS AND SOCIETY IN BELLE ÉPOQUE`S BRAZIL". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3997@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O objetivo do trabalho é, a partir da análise de algumas obras, escritos pessoais, artigos e crônicas de Lima Barreto, estabelecer uma relação entre aqueles personagens criados por Lima Barreto que têm, de alguma forma, uma ligação com a loucura, e a visão questionadora do escritor a respeito do novo cenário urbano que se desenvolvia, levando em conta dois aspectos fundamentais: a concepção de literatura defendida pelo escritor, que era de uma literatura utilitária, capaz de contribuir para o combate às distorções do regime republicano, e o momento de consolidação da psiquiatria, ressaltando as críticas do escritor ao caráter discriminatório da ciência no início do século XX.
This work objective is to establish a relation, starting from the analysis of some of Lima Barreto s works, personal writings, newspaper articles and chronicles, between those characters - created by him - which are, in some way, bound to madness, and the author s questioning view on the new urban scene, then on development, considering two fundamental points: (1) the author s utilitarian conception of literature, by him defended, able to contribute to the fighting against republican regime distortions, and (2) the moment of consolidation of psychiatry, with prominence to the author`s critics towards this science s discriminatory character in early XXth Century.
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Bailey, David James. "Naturalism against nature : kinship and degeneracy in fin-de-siècle Portugal and Brazil". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270315.

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The present thesis analyses the work of four Lusophone Naturalist writers, two from Portugal (Abel Botelho and Eça de Queirós) and two from Brazil (Aluísio Azevedo and Adolfo Caminha) to argue that the pseudoscientific discourses of Naturalism, positivism and degeneration theory were adapted on the periphery of the Western world to critique the socio-economic order that produced that periphery. A central claim is that the authors in question disrupt the structure of the patriarchal family — characterised by exogamy and normative heterosexuality — to foster alternative notions of kinship that problematise the hegemonic mode of transmitting name, capital, bloodline and authority from father to son. It was this rapidly globalising form of patriarchal capitalism that saw Portugal and Brazil slip into positions of economic disadvantage and dependency, events that were then naturalised in centres of dominance as incidences of national, racial and sexual “degeneracy”. The thesis thus draws links between contemporaneous disquiet about the nation’s race and bloodline; the various “homosexual scandals” that rocked the period; the considerable prevalence of incest and non-normative desire in the literature concerned, and the supposed “inconsistencies” in the style of Lusophone Naturalism that have often been regarded as imperfections in the face of Zola’s model. I propose instead that such adaptations to the Naturalist model can be read as attempts to reassess its potentially marginalising discourse from the margins themselves, exposing something “queer” at the textual, discursive level. This is the process that I call writing “against nature”, relating non-normative kinship to the disruption of the Naturalist aesthetic more generally. Drawing on postcolonial theory, psychoanalysis and queer theory, I argue that the Lusophone Naturalist perspective presents the divided world of the period as anything but a “natural” state of affairs. In this sense, a second line of reasoning is developed: that its authors formed a tentative transatlantic movement that criticised Naturalism as conceived in centres of dominance, calling for a revision of the role that the “scientists” played in shaping and understanding the fin-de-siècle world.
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Libri sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

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Harman, Alice. Brazil. London: Wayland, 2014.

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Dahl, Michael. Brazil. Mankato, Minn: Bridgestone Books, 1997.

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Heinrichs, Ann. Brazil. New York: Children's Press, 2007.

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Heinrichs, Ann. Brazil. New York: Childrens Press, 1997.

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David, Marshall. Brazil. Crystal Lake, IL: Rigby Interactive Library, 1996.

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Greenbaum, Harry. Brazil. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.

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Boraas, Tracey. Brazil. Mankato, Minn: Bridgestone Books, 2002.

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Richard, Christopher. Brazil. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1991.

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Richard, Christopher. Brazil. 3a ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2012.

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Savery, Annabel. Brazil. Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2013.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

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Pereira, Edimilson de Almeida. "Deciphered Brazil and Enigma Brazil". In Literature and Ethics in Contemporary Brazil, 54–69. New York: Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge studies in comparative literature; 4: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315386386-5.

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Karam Trindade, André. "Law and Literature in Brazil". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_994-1.

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Karam Trindade, André. "Literature and Law: In Brazil". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 2163–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_994.

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Baretto Gomide, Bruno. "Translating Russian Literature in Brazil". In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 573–92. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.36.

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In this chapter, I study the history of translating Russian literature in Brazil from the 1930s to the 1970s. This period witnessed the formation of a network between the publishing market, cultural journalism, local translators, émigré translators and the University of São Paulo. I comment on the following aspects: 1) the first (1930s) translations made directly from Russian, for Iurii Zel’tsov, a Jewish-Russian emigrant publisher from Riga; 2) debates during the 1940s on the role of the “French” paradigm of treatment of Russian texts and on the need to professionalize the work of translators from the Russian language; 3) the central role of the series of Dostoevsky’s works by the publisher José Olympio; 4) the debate around Lila Guerrero’s translations of Maiakovskii 5) Boris Schnaiderman’s early translations and the creation of the Russian literature course at the University of São Paulo; 6) the connection of this Brazilian scene to a transnational network of translators (Robel, Ripellino and others). The essay concludes with a commentary on Boris Schnaiderman’s 1974 Habilitation thesis (his translation of Dostoevsky’s story ‘Mr Prokarchin’), which consolidated his style of translating Russian literature into Brazilian Portuguese.
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Beal, Sophia. "Brasília: The Real and Promised City in 1960s Brazilian Literature". In Brazil under Construction, 79–97. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137322487_4.

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Glesinski, Anna-Lena. "Indigenous Literature and Ecofeminism in Brazil". In Feminisms in Movement, 249–60. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461020-017.

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Bausch, Madeleine. "Literature Review". In Intercultural Transfer of Management Practices of German MNC to Brazil, 13–98. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38056-4_2.

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Beal, Sophia. "Conquering the Dark: Literature, Lighting, and Public Space in Rio de Janeiro in the Early 1900s". In Brazil under Construction, 23–53. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137322487_2.

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Carrasco, Alma, e Mônica Correia Baptista. "Early childhood literature in Brazil and Mexico". In The Routledge Companion to International Children’s Literature, 357–65. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315771663-37.

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Brandellero, Sara. "Journeys of Resistance in Afro-Brazilian Literature". In Literature and Ethics in Contemporary Brazil, 70–87. New York: Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge studies in comparative literature; 4: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315386386-6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

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Carvalho*, Leila Márcia Mendes, Augusto César B. Pires, Claudinei Gouveia de Oliveira, Roberto A. Vitória de Moraes e Marcelo de Lawrence B. Blum. "Processamento e interpretação de dados gamaespectrométricos aéreos do projeto Itabira-Ferros, MG". In 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11-14 September 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2005-097.

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Carvalho*, Leila Márcia Mendes, Augusto César B. Pires, Claudinei Gouveia de Oliveira, Roberto A. Vitória de Moraes e Marcelo de Lawrence Bassay Blum. "Processamento e interpretação dos dados magnetrométricos aéreos do projeto Itabira-Ferros, MG". In 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11-14 September 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2005-098.

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Valente, Daniele Azevedo, Gabriel Santos de Carvalho, Gabriel Aranha Souza Maués e Nara Macedo Botelho. "Neurophobia in Brazil: a literature review". In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.658.

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Introduction: In 1994, Josefowicks used the term neurophobia to designate the fear or aversion towards neurology and neurosciences among the medical students, resulting in: indifference about neurology, less confidence in the care of neurological patients and less interest in the specialty as a medical residency worldwide, with impact in medical education and healthcare. Objectives: Identify the scientific literature produced in Brazil focusing on the study of neurophobia in medical graduation: objectives, population, risk factors and strategies to combat the problem. Methods: This is a literature review that in a first moment researched and collected data from: Scielo, PubMed, BVS and Google Scholar, followed by evaluation, analysis and interpretation of the data collected. Results: Ten articles were selected: 4 cross-sectional; 3 exploratory studies; 1 literature review and 2 expert opinions, published between 2014 and 2021. Half of them sought to diagnose the neurophobia in medical students and in all of these it was positive and prevalent, among public and private institutions located in north, northeast and southeast of the country. The following risk factors stand out: poor articulation between neurosciences and neurology, limited time of practice and need for knowledge of neuroanatomy. Team based learning was the strategy used by two studies, but with limited scenario. For “neurophilia” the opinions of specialist corroborate with other studies: integration between neurosciences and clinical, with an increase in time for practice and a curriculum aimed at generalists. Conclusion: The presence of neurophobia in medical students in Brazil, the risk factors and the proposed strategies converge with those described in the world literature. However, our scientific production is scarce, focuses on detecting the student’s perception and lacks studies with higher levels of evidence, highlighting the importance of expanding scientifically based knowledge about the subject in our country.
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ERTHAL, Luísa Canto, Guilherme Felipe Dutra SILVA e Aline Trovão QUEIROZ. "CHILD DEPRESSION IN BRAZIL - A LITERATURE REVIEW". In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.44_abstract_erthal.pdf.

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Childhood depression is a very prevalent mental health condition in today's society. Its debate began to become relevant in the 1960s and, although there is no doubt about its existence, the subject is still little discussed. This paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of the subject due to its high prevalence and underdiagnosis. A literature review on Childhood Depression in Brazil was carried out based on research in Pubmed, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, between 1989 and 2020, in Portuguese and English, using the descriptors: “child depression”, “symptoms of depression” and “treatment of childhood depression” combined. Textbooks, data from Ministério da saúde, the World Health Organization (WHO), and key articles selected from citations in other articles were used to compose the paper. From the data analysis, twenty-two titles that are directly related to the current work were selected. In Brazil, girls and children between thirteen and fourteen years old are the most affected by the disease. The DSM does not differentiate it from adult depression, despite the atypical manifestations of its symptoms in children. Families still have great difficulty on identifying this disorder the biggest obstacle is understanding and accepting that behavioral changes can be part of a depressive condition. Normalizing the discussion of the topic is important so that there is more information about the disease and, consequently, more knowledge is disseminated both to the medical community and the families of affected children. This way, it will be possible to prevent its appearance and, when present, facilitate its detection, improving life quality of those involved and avoiding negative outcomes such as child suicide.
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Lisboa, Flávio Gomes da Silva. "FLOSS and digital inclusion in Brazil: a literature review". In Congresso Latino-Americano de Software Livre e Tecnologias Abertas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/latinoware.2022.228036.

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This article is the first part of a broad research on digital inclusion policies in Brazil. In particular, this research aims to find out how free and open source software (FLOSS) has been used in digital inclusion actions. To support this work, we conducted a literature review, with no starting date limit, searching for scientific production that relates digital inclusion with the concepts of free software or open source software. We found 66 works, published between 2003 and 2022, which include journal articles, conference papers, bachelor, specialist and master dissertations, doctoral theses and books. These papers were produced by authors from 37 different research institutions, within 28 programs or courses. It was possible to highlight some categories in this preliminary analysis, such as accessibility, policies, and “telecentros” (community technological centers), but a deeper analysis is needed to better understand the contributions of this scientific production.
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Almeida, A. S., C. B. R. Batista, C. R. Vasconcelos e D. P. Silva. "CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN BRAZIL: A LITERATURE RESEARCH". In 7th International Symposium on Technological Innovation. Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7198/s2318-3403201600030037.

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Coelho, Taiane Ritta, Erico Przeybilovicz, Maria Alexandra Cunha e Tiago Henrique Souza Echternacht. "Positioning Brazil in International eGov Research: A Proposal Based from Literature Review". In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2016.336.

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Oliveira, Amanda Gomes, Anderson José do Nascimento Duda, Camila Barros Vieira, Débora Aline Oliveira Portela de Carvalho, Juliana Soares de Oliveira Rego, Larissa Valeska da Silva Moura, Nadine Nebl Jardim Lacerda Andrade, Neila Vasconcelos Spencer Netto, Wellington Matheus Pereira das Neves e Wagner Gonçalves Horta. "Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Trauma in Brazil: a review of the literature". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.068.

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Background: Spinal cord trauma (SCT) is an injury that affects any region of the spinal cord, bringing not only organic implications, but also an important socioeconomic impact due to its high morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is relevant to evaluate the distribution of risk factors that contribute to its prevalence in Brazil. Objectives:To evaluate the risk factors that contribute to the prevalence of SCT in Brazil. Design and setting: Review of the literature in Catholic University of Pernambuco Methods: Searches were performed in the databases PUBMED, BVS and Scielo, with the descriptors: ‘’epidemiology’’ and ‘’spinal cord trauma’’ and ‘’Brazil’’. Included were articles published from 2015 to 2021. 63 results found and 5 selected. Results: The analysis showed that the epidemiology of spinal cord trauma in Brazil is predominantly male, with ages ranging from 35.2 to 44 years, with the cervical spine being the most affected segment and traffic accidents as the major causal factor. Conclusions: The socioeconomic damages deeply impact the quality of life of the individual affected by spinal cord injury, so understanding the epidemiology is essential to plan preventive actions and treatments. We emphasize the need for further studies, considering the low number of articles on.
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Von Sperling, Otto, e Marcelo Ladeira. "Mining Twitter Data for Signs of Depression in Brazil". In VII Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2019.8785.

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The literature on computerized models that help detect, study and understand signs of mental health disor- ders from social media has been thriving since the mid-2000s for English speakers. In Brazil, this area of research shows promising results, in addition to a variety of niches that still need exploring. Thus, we construct a large corpus from 2941 users (1486 depressive, 1455 non-depressive), and induce machine learning models to identify signs of depression from our Twitter corpus. In order to achieve our goal, we extract features by measuring linguistic style, behavioral patterns, and affect from users’ public tweets and metadata. Resulting models successfully distinguish between depressive and non-depressive classes with performance scores comparable to results in the literature. We hope that our findings can become stepping stones towards more methodologies being applied at the service of mental health.
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Freijanes, Loise Maria de Souza, Elisa Yuki Kurosawa Ueda, Paola Restum Antonio Lemaitre e Isabela Pierotti Prado. "Cerebral Aspergillosis: Literature Review". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.161.

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Background: Cerebral Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection. It reaches by a hematogenous pathway or by paranasal sinuses. Furthermore, the diagnosis is delayed due to the nonspecific clinical signs. Objectives: This study aims to highlight cerebral invasive aspergillosis as a diagnostic hypothesis in a difficult-to-diagnose and nonspecific neurological clinical scenario. Design and setting: This is a literature review from the Escola de Medicina Souza Marques‘s students, Brazil. Methods: The used articles were published between 2016 to 2021, from UpToDate, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, Elsevier, and Google Academic databases. Results: In immunosuppressed individuals, it manifests as single or multiple brain abscesses with vascular invasion, posing as a life-threatening factor. Immunocompetent patients may respond differently, presenting with meningitis or granulomatous mass, associated with seizures, headache, and visual acuity impairment. MRI or PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is the most used for diagnosis. T2 hypodensity, irregular margins with intracavitary projections on MRI, and absence of the choline peak suggest a fungal etiology. The histopathological study is not common in clinical practice. The recommended treatment is voriconazole in association with echinocandins, for 6 to 12 weeks. Notably, the mortality rate of cerebral aspergillosis in patients who are taking Ibrutinib for other conditions is close to 90%. Conclusion: Therefore it is essential to recognize the complication to avoid morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Itabira (Brazil) in literature"

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von Sperling, Marcos. Urban Wastewater Treatment in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009301.

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The major focus of this report is the description and critical analysis of the main wastewater treatment processes used in Brazil. Special emphasis is given to small to medium size communities with populations lower than 100,000 inhabitants, which represent approximately 95% of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. In terms of coverage, around 40% of the sewage generated in Brazil is treated, with an estimated number of treatment plants in the order of 2,800. Based on a survey of 2,187 treatment plants, the configurations most widely adopted are: anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond; UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor; activated sludge; ponds followed by maturation ponds; septic tank followed by anaerobic filter. An assessment of the actual performance of 166 treatment plants showed a great variability in the effluent concentrations and in the removal efficiencies, with performances that were usually inferior to those reported in the technical literature. Data on capital cost expendituresindicated values ranging from R$60/inhabitant to R$650/inhabitant, depending on the treatment process employed. Due to the favorable climatic conditions in Brazil, there are no technical limitations for the adoption of biological sewage treatment. Traditional options incorporate stabilization ponds and activated sludge, but the more recent trend involves the adoption of UASB reactors followed by some form of post-treatment.
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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto e Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. A cura di Taniele Rui e Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.

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Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.
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Navas-Alemán, Lizbeth. Innovation and Competitiveness in Mining Value Chains: The Case of Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003813.

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Mining companies have mirrored other large multinational companies in setting up global value chains (GVCs), sourcing their inputs and services from an ever-larger number of highly capable suppliers in developing countries, such as those in resource-rich Latin America. However, recent empirical studies on the mining GVC in that region suggest that even innovative local suppliers find it difficult to exploit their innovations in local and foreign markets. Using a conceptual framework that combines literature on innovation and GVCs, this study analyzed how global/regional- and firm-level factors interact to explain the acquisition of local suppliers capabilities within Brazils mining industry. The study explored these issues using original data gathered in 2019 and secondary sources from Brazil. The main findings are related to (i) strategies used by domestic suppliers to develop innovative solutions for leading mining companies, (ii) how health and safety concerns spurred innovation after the disasters in Mariana and Brumadinho, (iii) new-to-the-world innovation capabilities among Brazilian suppliers to the mining industry, and (iv) the main barriers to developing innovative practices among domestic suppliers. The authors propose public policies to support major mining companies in acquiring innovations from domestic suppliers to the mining industry. Opportunities such as a Copper Rush in Brazil that could foster further innovations in mining are discussed.
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Seroa da Motta, Ronaldo. Regional Review of Water Charge Instruments for Water Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Case Studies of Brazil, México and France. Inter-American Development Bank, febbraio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011017.

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The economic literature commonly identifies economic instruments (EIs) as a "better" way to achieve environmental goals than specified quantity and technological standards commonly known as command-and-control mechanisms (CAC).
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Gingerich, Daniel. Can Institutions Cure Clientelism?: Assessing the Impact of the Australian Ballot in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011486.

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This paper examines how the adoption of the Australian ballot (AB), and ipso facto, the transition from the nominal to effective secret vote, shaped the nature of party politics in Brazil. Engaging the literature on political clientelism, the impact of the AB on three outcomes is studied: 1) the ideological leanings of voters at the ballot box; 2) the degree of electoral control enjoyed by local vote brokers; and 3) the capacity of citizens to effectively participate in the electoral process. In order to get leverage on these issues, the paper utilizes an original dataset -painstakingly assembled from regional electoral archives- which contains municipal-level vote returns for federal deputy and senate contests during the period before and after the AB's introduction in Brazil (1958-1962). The dataset exploits the fact that the AB was introduced at different times in different states and for different offices in the country, thereby creating an unprecedented opportunity to assess the impact of this institution. Using a triple difference-in-difference procedure, the study finds that the AB: 1) shifted the ideological balance of power from Right to Left; 2) did not greatly weaken the hand of vote brokers; and 3) greatly increased the proportion of wasted votes cast in elections.
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McNaught, Tim. A Problem-Driven Approach to Education Reform: The Story of Sobral in Brazil. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/039.

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For more than two decades, the Brazilian municipality of Sobral has focused intensively on improving the quality of its public education system; the resulting success has been remarkable. In 2005, the Brazilian federal government started calculating a Basic Education Development Index (IDEB in Portuguese), which measures the quality of education in schools across the country. In the inaugural results in 2005, 1,365 municipalities had a better score for primary education than Sobral. By 2017, Sobral made national news by ranking number one in the entire country for both primary and lower secondary education (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). These results are even more impressive when considering that Sobral is located in the northeastern state of Ceará, which is the fifth poorest state in Brazil in terms of GDP per capita (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). The case of Sobral exhibits many elements that are similar to Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), an approach wherein problems are key to driving change (Andrews et al., 2015). The PDIA approach relies on reformers to identify problems that matter, break them down into their root causes, identify entry points, act, stop to reflect, and then iterate and adapt their way to a solution.1 This process of constant feedback and experimentation by local actors allows for the development of a solution that fits the local context. This paper explores the transformation of Sobral’s education system through the lens of PDIA2 , with an emphasis on the early reform period of 2000-2004. Many excellent papers have been written, in Portuguese and English, about the case of Sobral; this paper draws heavily on this existing literature.3 The paper is also supported by interviews from key individuals who either were closely involved with the reform efforts or have studied them. The paper follows the narrative of the Sobral story, starting in 1997, and uses boxes and other diagrams to view the reform efforts through the lens of PDIA. Finally, the paper explains how the reform efforts grew and scaled over the years, not only within Sobral, but also to other municipalities in Ceará and across Brazil.
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Morais Soares, Julia, Kleber Pacheco Castro e José Roberto Rodrigues Afonso. Evaluation of the Structure and Performance of the Brazilian Tax System: White Paper on Taxation in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006975.

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This study performs an up-to-date diagnostic of the Brazilian tax system in order to provide a basis for reform discussions among technical analysts, authorities and congressmen. It is based on the analysis and categorization of information on taxation in Brazil. Its focus is on the current characterization of the tax system, rather than its evolution, within the limits of available statistics. Tax revenues, addressed in the first part of the study, are its principal focus. We sought to describe the current tax structure in a detailed manner, identifying every tax and contribution and grouping each tax by the level of government collecting it or using the funds after transfer. For the principal taxes (federal taxes and state VAT), we also classify them by type of collection and by sector of economic activity. In the second part, the study addresses the topics most discussed or cited in the tax debate, such as questions of competitiveness, equity, and division of resources among the different spheres of government. The objective of this study is to consolidate the literature on these subjects, with emphasis on a statistical survey of the available sources.
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Bolton, Laura. Criminal Activity and Deforestation in Latin America. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), dicembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.003.

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This review examines evidence on criminal deforestation activity in Latin America (particularly, but not exclusively the Amazon) and draws from the literature on the lessons learned in combatting criminal deforestation activity. This review focuses on Brazil as representative of the overwhelming majority of literature on criminal activity in relation to deforestation in the Amazon. The literature notes that Illegal deforestation occurs largely through criminal networks as they have the capacity for coordination, processing, selling, and the deployment of armed men to protect operations. Bribery, corruption, and fraud are deeply ingrained in deforestation. Networks may bribe geoprocessing experts, police, and public officials. Members of the criminal groups may become council members, mayors, and state representatives. Land titles are fabricated and trading documentation fraudulent. The literature also notes some interventions to combat this criminal deforestation activity: monitoring and law enforcement; national systems for registry and monitoring; legal enforcement for compliance of environmental law; International agreements and action; and Involving indigenous communities in combatting deforestation.
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Seroa da Motta, Ronaldo. Regional Review of Water Charge Instruments for Water Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Case Studies of Brazil, México and France. Inter-American Development Bank, febbraio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011464.

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This is the last version available of this study, in which we will review the water charge experiences in France, Mexico and Brazil. However, prior to country cases, the next chapter sets the theoretical and conceptual boundaries of the study. It will not attempt to propose new analytical insights relevant to economic instruments. Instead it will point out the most important issues brought up in the literature that will be useful to the understanding and the evaluation of the country case. In doing so, it will not only present these theoretical and practical issues but also it will bring in existing experiences that will help to elucidate the discussion. These country reviews were undertaken by local experts and are presented in the following sequence: France in Chapter 3, Mexico in Chapter 4 and Brazil in Chapter 5.
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Méndez-Vizcaíno, Juan C., e Nicolás Moreno-Arias. A Global Shock with Idiosyncratic Pains: State-Dependent Debt Limits for LATAM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Banco de la República, ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1175.

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Fiscal sustainability in five of the largest Latin American economies is examined before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the DSGE model in Bi(2012) and Hürtgen (2020) is used to estimate the Fiscal Limits and Fiscal Spaces for Peru, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. These estimates advance the empirical literature for Latin America on fiscal sustainability by offering new calculations stemming from a structural framework with alluring novel features: government default on the intensive margin; dynamic Laffer curves; utility-based stochastic discount factor; and a Markov-Switching process for public transfers with an explosive regime. The most notable additions to the existing literature for Latin America are the estimations of entire distributions of public debt limits for various default probabilities and that said limits critically hinge on both current and future states. Results obtained indicate notorious contractions of Fiscal Spaces among all countries during the pandemic, but the sizes of these were very heterogeneous. Countries that in 2019 had positive spaces and got closer to negative spaces in 2020, have since seen deterioration of their sovereign debt ratings or outlooks. Colombia was the only country to lose its positive Fiscal Space and investment grade, thereby joining Brazil, the previously sole member of both groups
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