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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Irrigation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Irrigation"

Chandel, Divya. "A PV Powered Solar Water Pumping System Using Microcontroller". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 3 (31 marzo 2022): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40666.

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Abstract: The efficiency of the irrigation is predicated on the system uses, there are several different forms of irrigation system everywhere the planet however manual irrigations mistreatment motor pump are encountering several issues. Water resource distribution may be an important challenge to enhance crop productions. Tiny scale farmers are in want of an affordable and reliable system to irrigate crops and increase production. Presents PV battery-powered solar water pumping system for irrigationin developing countries. To design a water pumping system for irrigation that uses solar power for its operation. To style a pumping system that minimizes human interventions. To style a facility system that produces irrigation a lot of economical, since it’s planning to be operated by mobile phones. Solar battery-powered irrigation system is acceptable different for farmers in gift state of energy disaster automatic system. Planned wet detector primarily based star battery-powered system offers required waterto crop, water is used in good manner, through star panels, and electrical power downside isn't any a lot of. Keywords: Automated irrigation’s mobile, humidity sensor, Solar Panel

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Karlsen, Elizabeth A., C. W. Norris e Ruth S. Hassanein. "The Effect of Stimulus Duration Using the Brookler-Grams Closed-Loop Caloric Irrigator". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, n. 3 (giugno 1992): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3503.718.

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Nystagmic responses to traditional 40-sec, 30 °C water calorics were recorded and compared to those obtained with the Brookler-Grams closed-loop irrigator using 30 °C, 40-, 50-, and 60-sec irrigations. Significant differences were noted between the responses to the water irrigator and the 40- and 50-sec closed-loop irrigations. The 60-sec closed-loop irrigation produced responses that were equivalent to the responses obtained with the water irrigation in slow component velocity, amplitude, frequency, latency, and duration. The 30 °C 60-sec closed-loop irrigation is an acceptable stimulus in electronystagmographic caloric testing.

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Bajwa, M. S., e A. S. Josan. "Effects of Alternating Sodic and Non-sodic Irrigations on the Build-up of Sodium in the Soil and on Crop Yields in Northern India". Experimental Agriculture 25, n. 2 (aprile 1989): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016707.

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SUMMARYIn a field experiment, the effects of irrigating crops alternately with sodic water (high in sodium adsorption ratio and ) and good quality canal water were investigated for six years on a well drained sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept). The irrigation treatments included: irrigation with non-sodic canal water (CW), irrigation with sodic water (SW), CW irrigation alternating with one or two SW irrigations, and two CW irrigations alternating with one SW irrigation. The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields. The build-up of sodium depended on the number of SW irrigations during the season. The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years. The improvements in yield due to alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations compared with the use of sodic water alone increased over the years. Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations could therefore be considered a practical way to alleviate the problems caused by sodic water. The number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitored.

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Kaur, Jagmohan, S. S. Mahal e Amarjeet Kaur. "Grain quality assessment of direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different irrigation regimes in Indian Punjab". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, n. 2 (1 giugno 2017): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1254.

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Irrigation water, being a scarce resource, requires proper management for good quality aerobic basmati rice production. Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to evaluate the effect of different irrigation schedules on grain quality of direct seeded basmati rice ‘Pusa Basmati 1121’. Ten treatments comprising of conventional puddled transplanting and nine in direct seeding were tested in randomized block design with four replications. Direct seeding treatments comprised of combination of withholding first irrigation for 6, 9 or 12 days after sowing and follow up irrigations at 30, 50 or 70 mm cummulative pan evaporation (CPE). The milling quality characters of rice like brown, milled and head rice recoveries were highest in conventional transplanting (81.4, 70.9 and 52.4 %, respectively) statistically at par with irrigation schedule of withholding first irrigation for 6 days and subsequent irrigations at 30 mm CPE (80.3, 69.9 and 51.1 %,respectively) significantly better than rest of the treatments.The other quality characters like protein content, minimum cooking time, elongation ratio etc. were also significantly affected by different irrigation schedules at 5 % level of significance. The maximum values of protein content (7.26 %) and minimum cooking time (23.5 minutes) were obtained in irrigation schedule of withholding first irrigation for 6 days and subsequent irrigations at 30 mm CPE whereas elongation ratio was maximum in conventional transplanting (1.87). In Indian Punjab, good quality direct seeded basmati rice can be obtained by holding the first irrigation for 6 days and then irrigating at 30 mm CPE with yields comparable to transplanted rice.

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M. Al-Zaka, Iman. "The Incidence of Pain after Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Methods". Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 2, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2024): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.2.1.7.

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The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative level of pain after root canal therapy using different irrigation protocol. Materials and method: in a clinical trial, 90 asymptomatic single-rooted teeth were treated endodontically with different irrigation techniques. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups. In group I(n = 30), procedures were performed using an endodontic irrigating syringe (Vista, Appli-vac). The group II (n = 30) used an irrigation device based on subsonic system Endoactivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialist). In group III (n = 30) used Safety Irrigator (Vista Dental Products, WI). Pain levels were assessed by an analog scale questionnaire after 4, 24, and 48 hours. Results: during the all time intervals after treatment, the pain experience with group III was significantly lower than the other methods. In conclusion, an irrigation/evacuation system Safety Irrigator resulted in significantly less postoperative pain than subsonic Endoactivator and conventional needle irrigation

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Dhaka, Anil Kumar, Satish Kumar, Prakriti Dhaka, Ram Dhan Jat e Bhagat Singh. "Biomass partitioning, yield and economic performance of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes as influenced by different irrigation levels". Environment Conservation Journal 24, n. 3 (25 giugno 2023): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.15222512.

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A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of2020 with four main plot treatments consisting of irrigation levels (No post sowing irrigation, one irrigation at the flower initiation stage, one irrigation at the pod filling stage and two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage) and five subplot treatments as genotypes viz., MH 1142, MH 1468, MH 1703, MH 1762 and MH 1871 following split plot design by replicating thrice. Irrigating green gram, irrespective of the growth stage, increased the seed yield significantly. Two irrigations each at the flower initiation and podding stage bring about greater seed economic yield of green gram than 1 irrigation either at each stage. Among single irrigations, flower initiation stage provided significantly superior (8.6 %) seed yield compared to the pod filling stage. During the flower initiation stage, no rain and irrigation at this stage led to more development of crop plants, as is evident from a higher number of branches per plant and, ultimately, a higher number of pods. Two irrigations, i.e., each at flower initiation and podding phase, lead to considerably greater seed output than single irrigation at either growth stage, which may be attributed to the sufficient supply of water, which indirectly provided a smooth supply of nutrients to crop plants. The increase was 18.4 and 28.6 per cent over-irrigation at flowering and podding stage, respectively. Seed yield varied among green gram genotypes, which might be because of variations in the genetic potential of the genotypes. Genotype MH 1871 produced significantly higher seed yield among different genotypes. The cumulative effect of yield traits viz. pods per plant, branches per plant, seed index and seeds per pod attributed to the higher seed yield in MH 1871. This genotype was more efficient in utilizing radiations, as evident from the higher chlorophyll content recorded in this genotype. Genotype MH 1142 was the lowest yielder and MH 1762 although produced. To obtain a higher yield of green gram, genotype MH 1871 be taken with two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage.

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Kasniya, Pawan Kumar, e Opinder Singh Sandhu. "Alternate wetting and drying irrigation: A strategic approach to increase water productivity and managing of sheath blight disease in rice". JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY 54, n. 02 (giugno 2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/jmpp.2024.54.122.

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The traditional practice of continuous flooding irrigation in rice cultivation has resulted in excessive groundwater exploitation and low water productivity of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two irrigation techniques, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) on the development of sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and water productivity of poplar rice cultivar PR 121 during the kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. Irrigating the rice fields two days after percolation of ponded water as follow AWD technique was identified the optimal irrigation practice for saving irrigation water and managing of sheath blight disease in rice crop. The AWD technique of irrigation was significantly reduced the disease severity (32.3%), number of irrigations (21.3%) and volume of irrigation water (20.3%), while increasing water productivity (29.9%) and grain yield (1.26%) as compared to the traditional continuous flooding system in rice cultivation.. KEYWORDS :Irrigation, severity, sheath blight, water productivity, yield

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Kassaye, Kassu Tadesse, Wubengeda Admasu Yilma, Mehiret Hone Fisha e Dawit Habte Haile. "Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation". International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (24 novembre 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869098.

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The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.

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Kebede, Solomon, Ashebir Tefera e Gebeyehu Molla. "Response of Durum Wheat to Deficit Irrigation". Innovation 5, n. 2 (23 luglio 2024): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240502.12.

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Deficit irrigation trial has been conducted to see the response of durum wheat to the extent of deficit irrigation at Debre Zeit research center for three successive seasons from 2016 to 2018. Establishment irrigations were given for all plots after swing and irrigation water application events were monitored using long term meteorological data and soil moisture readings. Irrigation water application depths (amount of water applied) were calculated from cumulative crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values in a given period and plots were irrigated with depths that was replenish 100 %, 75%, and 50 % of the cumulative ETc as per the treatment to be applied. Measured amount of irrigation water applied to every plot measured by using 3 inch Parshall flume. Results indicated those grain yields significantly affected by deficit irrigation levels and furrow irrigation methods. The highest mean grain yield of 5.8 t/ha attained from 75% ETc irrigation level with alternate furrow irrigation method while the lowest mean yield of 3.989 t/ha was obtained from treatment irrigated with 50% ETc and conventional furrow irrigation method. Therefore, based on the current findings, the highest grain yield was obtained at 75% ETc with alternate furrow irrigation system while the highest WUE was recorded at irrigating 100% ETc with alternate furrow system.

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Bryla, David R., Elizabeth Dickson, Robert Shenk, R. Scott Johnson, Carlos H. Crisosto e Thomas J. Trout. "Influence of Irrigation Method and Scheduling on Patterns of Soil and Tree Water Status and Its Relation to Yield and Fruit Quality in Peach". HortScience 40, n. 7 (dicembre 2005): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2118.

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A 3-year study was done to determine the effects of furrow, microspray, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on production and fruit quality in mature `Crimson Lady' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow and microspray irrigations were scheduled weekly or biweekly, which is common practice in central California, while surface and subsurface drip irrigations were scheduled daily. Trees were maintained at similar water potentials following irrigation by adjusting water applications as needed. Tree size and fruit number were normalized among treatments by pruning and thinning each season. Surface and subsurface drip produced the largest fruit on average and the highest marketable yields among treatments. Drip benefits appeared most related to the ability to apply frequent irrigations. Whether water was applied above or below ground, daily irrigations by drip maintained higher soil water content within the root zone and prevented cycles of water stress found between less-frequent furrow and microspray irrigations. With furrow and microsprays, midday tree water potentials reached as low as –1.4 MPa between weekly irrigations and –1.8 MPa between biweekly irrigations, which likely accounted for smaller fruit and lower yields in these treatments. To reduce water stress, more frequent irrigation is probably impractical with furrow systems but is recommended when irrigating during peak water demands by microspray.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Irrigation"

Mohamed, Nahla Abdel-Fattah Hemdan. "Irrigation systems". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16977.

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In der Wintersaison 2005-2006 wurde ein Split-Split Plot-Design Feldversuch mit drei Wiederholungen für jede Behandlung von Kartoffeln, als Indikatorpflanze, unter den ariden Bedingungen der Kharga Oasis in der Westlichen Wüste von Ägypten durchgeführt. Drei Bewässerungslevel (100 %, 80 %, und 60 % of ETc) mit Tröpfchenbewässerung, zwei Mulchvarianten (Zuckerrübenabfall ohne und mit 24 ton ha-1) und 4 Kompostraten (0, 12, 24, und 36 ton ha-1) wurden getestet. Generell und als Ergebnis einer Regressionsanalyse der Versuchsvarianten ohne Kompost war die beste Variante die Tröpfchenbewässerung bei 80% ETc unabhängig ob gemulcht oder nicht gemulcht wurde. Andererseits die Variante mit 36 t Kompost und mit 24 t Mulch ergab die besten Ergebnisse bei 60% of ETc sowohl beim Ertrag und den Ertragskomponenten, bei den hydrophysikalischen Eigenschaften, bei der Bodenwasserretention, beim Wasserverbrauch, bei den Pflanzenkoeffizienten, der Wassernutzungseffizienz, der Düngernutzungseffizienz sowie beim Nettogewinn. Wird die Rate der Kompostgabe aber auf 24 ton ha-1 reduziert, die höchsten Nettogewinne bei der lokalen Vermarktung als auch signifikant beim Kartoffelexport werden erreicht.
Under the arid condition of Kharga Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt, split-split plot design field experiment with three replications for each treatment using potato as an indicator plant was carried out during the winter season 2005-2006. Three irrigation levels of water regime (100 %, 80 %, and 60 % of ETc) using drip irrigation system, two treatments of soil covering (sugar cane wastes at the rate of 0 and 24 ton /ha) and compost rates (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha-1) were tested. In general and as a result of the triple interaction among the studied treatments, using drip irrigation either with soil mulching or not, 80 % of ETc as a water regime was the best. On the other hand, reducing drip irrigation water level at 60% of ETc in mulched soil that was treated with 36 ton ha-1 of compost recorded the highest values yield and yield components, soil hydrophysical properties, soil water retention, water consumption, crop coefficients, water economy water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, net profit. But reducing the compost rate to 24 ton ha-1 attained the highest net profit for local potato consumption and achieved the best significant net profit for exportation.

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Martin, E. C., R. Wegge e M. Sheedy. "Effects of High Frequency Irrigation on Irrigation Uniformity II". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197490.

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Another year of data was collected to determine the effects of high frequency irrigation on irrigation uniformity in cotton production. A field located at the Marana Agricultural Center was split into two treatments. Treatment one was irrigated at approximately 35% depletion of available water in the plant rootzone. Treatment two was irrigated at approximately 65% depletion in the crop rootzone. Increased frequency of irrigation has shown improved yields in many cotton studies. However, these more frequent and lighter irrigation applications may cause problems with irrigation uniformity. Frequent rains during critical time periods made it difficult to ascertain the impact of the irrigation schedule on uniformity. However, the less frequent, heavier application rate did result in a more uniform irrigation.

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Martin, E. C., G. Laine e M. Sheedy. "Effects of High Frequency Irrigation on Irrigation Uniformity III". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211315.

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Data was collected for a third season to determine the effects of high frequency irrigation on irrigation uniformity in cotton production. The past two seasons indicated that high frequency irrigation worked better on sandier soils than soils containing high clay contents. Although no significant differences were found, higher yields were obtained on a site with a relatively high sand content. A field located at the Maricopa Agricultural Center was split into two treatments. Treatment 1 was irrigated at approximately 35% depletion of available water in the plant rootzone. Treatment 2 was irrigated at approximately 50% depletion in the crop rootzone. Although the yield data from Treatment 1 was higher on the average, statistically, there was no difference between the two treatments.

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Andriyas, Sanyogita. "Analysis of Irrigation Decision Behavior and Forecasting Future Irrigation Decisions". DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1359.

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Farmers play a pivotal role in food production. To be economically successful, farmers must make many decisions during the course of a growing season about the allocation of inputs to production. For farmers in arid regions, one of these decisions is whether to irrigate. This research is the first of its kind to investigate the reasons that drive a farmer to make irrigation decisions and use those reasons/factors to forecast future irrigation decisions. This study can help water managers and canal operators to estimate short-term irrigation demands, thereby gaining information that might be useful in management of irrigation supply systems. This work presents three approaches to study farmer irrigation behavior: Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), decision trees, and hidden Markov models (HMMs). All three models are in the class of evolutionary algorithms, which are often used to analyze problems in dynamic and uncertain environments. These algorithms learn the connections between observed input and output data and can make predictions about future events. The models were used to study behavior of farmers in the Canal B command area, located in the Lower Sevier River Basin, Delta, Utah. Alfalfa, barley, and corn are the major crops in this area. Biophysical variables that are measured during the growing reasons were used as inputs to build the models. Information about crop phenology, soil moisture, and weather variables were compiled. Information about timing of irrigation events was available from soil moisture probes installed on some agricultural fields at the site. The models were capable of identifying the variables that are important in forecasting an irrigation decision, classes of farmers, and decisions with single and multi-factor effect regarding farmer behavior. The models did this across years and crops. The advantage of using these models to study a complex problem like behavior is that they do not require exact information, which can never be completely obtained, given the complexity of the problem. This study uses biophysical inputs to forecast decisions about water use. Such forecasts cannot be done satisfactorily using survey methodologies. The study reveals irrigation behavior characteristics. These conform to previous beliefs that a farmer might look at crop conditions, consult a neighbor, or irrigate on a weekend if he has a job during the week. When presented with new data, these models gave good estimates for probable days of irrigation, given the past behavior. All three models can be adequately used to explore farmers' irrigation behavior for a given site. They are capable of answering questions related to the driving forces of irrigation decisions and the classes of subjects involved in a complex process.

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Brown, Peter Derek. "Optimal irrigation scheduling". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1255.

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An optimal stochastic multi-crop irrigation scheduling algorithm was developed which was able to incorporate complex farm system models, and constraints on daily and seasonal water use, with the objective of maximising farm profit. This scheduling method included a complex farm simulation model in the objective function, used decision variables to describe general management decisions, and used a custom heuristic method for optimisation. Existing optimal schedulers generally use stochastic dynamic programming which relies on time independence of all parameters except state variables, thereby requiring over-simplistic crop models. An alternative scheduling method was therefore proposed which allows for the inclusion of complex farm system models. Climate stochastic properties are modelled within the objective function through the simulation of several years of historical data. The decoupling of the optimiser from the objective function allows easy interchanging of farm model components. The custom heuristic method, definition of decision variables, and use of the Markov chain equation (relating an irrigation management strategy to mean water use) considerably increases optimisation efficiency. The custom heuristic method used simulated annealing with continuous variables. Two extensions to this method were the efficient incorporation of equality constraints and utilisation of population information. A case study comparison between the simulated annealing scheduler and scheduling using stochastic dynamic programming, using a simplistic crop model, showed that the two methods resulted in similar performance. This demonstrates the ability of the simulated annealing scheduler to produce close to optimal schedules. A second case study demonstrates the ability of the simulated annealing scheduler to incorporate complex farm system models by including the FarmWi$e model by CSIRO in the objective function. This case study indicates that under conditions of limited seasonal water, the simulated annealing scheduler increases pasture yield returns by an average of 10%, compared with scheduling irrigation using best management practice. Alternatively expressed, this corresponds to a 20-25% reduction in seasonal water use (given no change in yield return).

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Kamwamba-Mtethiwa, Jean Tiyamika. "Sustainable irrigation development : the adoption of small-scale pumped irrigation in Malawi". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10005.

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There has been an increased interest on small-scale pumped irrigation (SSPI) in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), however little is known on the adoption processes behind this technology. Moreover, the conditions for successful SSPI adoption remain largely unexplored. This research aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the present adoption processes to inform future policy. The thesis was framed around the diffusion of innovations model (Rogers 2003), using the systematic review methodology and field surveys. Interviews involving 212 farmers and 25 other stakeholders were conducted between 2013 and 2014 within 3 districts in Malawi. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The systematic review revealed that evidence relating to pump performance in SSA was limited, lacked standards and confined within particular regions. The field surveys identified that four different pumped systems have been adopted by farmers in Malawi; group treadle, individual treadle, group motorized and individual motorized. Farmers generally prefer individually managed pumps that are easy to operate and fit in with their existing farming practices. Adoption is driven either by the attributes of self-motivated farmers or by incentives such as free or subsidized pumps. While adoption by self-motivated farmers is consistent with Rogers (2003) model, adoption due to incentives shows differences. The research proposes a modification to the Rogers (2003) model and revised definition of success in SSPI adoption, leading to a new framework showing pathways of success. This framework identifies the routes taken by farmers who successfully adopt or discontinue using pumps. Incentive farmers are typically the poorer; these need continued external support to survive the learning curve. For self-motivated farmers, their higher socio-economic status supports successful adoption. To ensure sustainability, SSPI promoters need to offer continued support to incentive farmers and/or reduce barriers to accessing the pumps for self-motivated farmers.

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Darouich, Hanaa. "Multicriteria analysis for irrigation sustainable development: design and selection of irrigation systems". Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7340.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia dos Biossistemas - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
This study aimed to select the most sustainable irrigation methods able to obtain high water productivity considering economic aspects and water saving criteria for wheat and cotton in NE Syria. The models used are PROASPER for sprinkler, SADREG for surface and MIRRIG for drip irrigation. Multicriteria analysis (MCA) was used to rank a set of design alternatives considering water saving and economic priorities. For wheat, surface and sprinkler systems were applied. For cotton surface, sprinkler and drip methods were compared. All combinations were analysed for full and deficit irrigation. Results for cotton show that drip irrigation is better than graded furrows for water saving but not a good option for economic priority unless the yield price increases. Sprinkler systems for cotton are rarely advantageous. For wheat, sprinkler systems are better than borders from water savings perspectives, showing an increased water productivity, as well as in economic terms leading to higher farmer’s income. MCA proved to be a very useful tool in a water scarce region to select the most appropriate irrigation systems considering the users preferences.

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Young, Lauren. "Irrigation Methods and Their Effects on Irrigation Water Efficiency in High Tunnels". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609101/.

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Improving water efficiency is and will continue to be a top concern to meet the world food production demands for a growing population. By having a clear understanding of water efficiencies, communities will be able to address these concerns from an economic standpoint and use more productive methods to grow food and limit water consumption. This study examines the water efficiencies of three irrigation methods over a single growing season in southeastern Oklahoma. Two crops, tomatoes and cucumbers, were grown using drip irrigation, a self-wicking container, and a non-circulating hydroponics barrel. Results at the end of the season showed the drip irrigation method had the highest water efficiency in terms of yield of product over water applied for both crops. The drip irrigation method also had the lowest associated set up costs and second lowest time requirements after the hydroponics method. These results were found to be consistent with other studies that compared drip irrigation to other irrigation methods and showed drip to have the highest water efficiencies.

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Scherer, T., D. Slack, J. Watson e F. Fox. "Comparison of Three Irrigation Scheduling Methods and Evaluation of Irrigation Leaching Characteristics". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204858.

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Three methods were used to schedule irrigations on replicated plots at the Maricopa Ag Center using DPL 90 cotton. The three methods were: a soil water balance model based on historic consumptive use curves, a soil water balance model based on the Modified Penman Equation and daily weather (AZMET), and infrared thermometry using the C.W.S.I. A potassium-bromide conservative tracer was applied at selected sites in the plots to evaluate leaching characteristics. The irrigation scheduling test was duplicated at the Safford Experiment Station and is presented in another report. Results from the 1988 data indicate that there was no significant difference in yield between the 3 methods. There was a significant difference in water applied; the historic consumptive-use curves was the lowest and the Penman equation method was the highest.

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Three methods were used to schedule irrigations during 1989 on replicated plots at the Maricopa Ag Center using DPL 90 cotton. This is a continuation of the research initiated in 1988 using the same field The three methods were; a soil water balance model based on historic consumptive use curves, a soil water balance model based on the Modified Penman Equation and daily weather (AZMET), and infrared thermometry using the C.W.S.I. A potassium- bromide conservative tracer was applied at selected sites in the plots to evaluate leaching characteristics. The irrigation scheduling test was again duplicated at the Safford Experiment Station and is presented in another report. Results from this years data indicate that there was no significant difference in yield among the three methods. However, as in 1988 there was a significant difference in water applied with historic consumptive use (ERIE) the lowest and the Penman equation method (CHECKBOOK) the highest.

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Libri sul tema "Irrigation"

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Terminology and Reference Section., a cura di. Irrigation =: Irrigation. Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1994.

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), Center for Development Information and Evaluation (U S. Irrigation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Agency for International Development, 1986.

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Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Operations Division., a cura di. Saskatchewan irrigation guide: Irrigation handi-facts. Moose Jaw, Sask: Saskatchewan Water Corp., Operations Division, 1989.

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Basrani, Bettina, a cura di. Endodontic Irrigation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16456-4.

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Ouda, Samiha, Abd El-Hafeez Zohry e Tahany Noreldin. Deficit Irrigation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35586-9.

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Dasberg, Samuel, e Dani Or. Drip Irrigation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03963-2.

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Trimmer, Walter L. Irrigation scheduling. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, Washington State University Cooperative Extension, University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1986.

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Brouwer, C. Irrigation scheduling. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1989.

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Kraus, Pavel. Irrigation ecology. Zürich: Verlag der Fachvereine Zürich, 1992.

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C, Patil V., Aṅgaḍi Es Es e University of Agricultural Sciences (Dhārwār, India), a cura di. Drip irrigation. Dharwad: University of Agricultural Sciences, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Irrigation"

Roth, Lawrence O., e Harry L. Field. "Irrigation". In An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering: A Problem-Solving Approach, 226–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1425-7_19.

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Roth, Lawrence O., e Harry L. Field. "Irrigation". In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering, 226–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3594-2_19.

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Field, Harry L., e John M. Long. "Irrigation". In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology, 289–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69679-9_19.

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Caselles, Vicent, e Jean-Michel Morel. "Irrigation". In Variational Methods for Discontinuous Structures, 81–90. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8193-7_6.

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Chesworth, Ward, Augusto Perez‐Alberti, Emmanuelle Arnaud, H. J. Morel‐Seytoux, H. J. Morel‐Seytoux, U. Schwertmann e Ernest Rawitz. "Irrigation". In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 369–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_304.

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Bagg, Ariel M. "Irrigation". In A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 261–78. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444360790.ch14.

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Rubner, Alex. "Irrigation". In The Economy of Israel, 112–19. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032676784-15.

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Agnew, Clive, e Ewan Anderson. "Irrigation". In Water Resources in the Arid Realm, 136–77. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003463917-9.

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Pedro, Renato Nardi. "Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Fluids". In Ureteroscopy, 145–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-206-3_12.

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Chávez de Paz, Luis E. "Microbial Biofilms in Endodontics". In Endodontic Irrigation, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16456-4_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Irrigation"

Kovalov, M., e D. Mykhailova. "The influence of radish growing conditions on the intensity of water consumption". In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-19.

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The peculiarities of radish crop formation of domestic and foreign hybrids in open and closed soil conditions were experimentally investigated and substantiated. A study was conducted on increasing the yield of radish production of hybrids of domestic and foreign selection, an assessment of early stemming during cultivation in spring and summer crop rotations, as well as intensive light culture of the IV light zone of Ukraine was carried out. It has been proven that maintaining a pre-irrigation soil moisture level of 80% of the lowest moisture content in a layer of 0-20 cm ensures the formation of a crop of radish root crops with minimal water consumption. Management of the water regime of the soil to maintain the pre-irrigation moisture level of 70% of the lowest moisture capacity was confirmed by carrying out 3-5 irrigations with an irrigation rate of 126,9 m3/ha, 80% of the lowest moisture capacity was ensured by conducting 4-7 drip irrigations with an irrigation rate of 96,6 m3/ha, 5 -9 at a rate of 54,5 m3/ha

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Klocke, Norman L., Loyd R. Stone e Dale A. Bolton. "Irrigation Scheduling for Deficit Irrigation". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)403.

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"Irrigation Scheduling". In Irrigation Systems Management. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ism.2021.6.

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"Surface Irrigation". In Irrigation Systems Management. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ism.2021.10.

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David A. Bainbridge. "Beyond Drip Irrigation - Hyper-efficient Irrigation". In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20692.

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"Irrigation System Performance". In Irrigation Systems Management. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ism.2021.5.

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"Introduction to Irrigation". In Irrigation Systems Management. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ism.2021.1.

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Lindblom, J., e B. Nordell. "Subsurface irrigation by condensation of humid air". In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060181.

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Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., e Y. Osroosh. "Surface irrigation with a variable inflow hydrograph". In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060011.

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Khatri, K. L., e R. J. Smith. "Simulation of performance for a simple real time control system of furrow irrigation". In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060021.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Irrigation"

Water Management Institute, International. Revitalizing irrigation. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.222.

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Hernandez, Rick. Garden irrigation. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/spes-297np.

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Hrozencik, R. Aaron, Grant Gardner, Nicholas Potter e Steven Wallander. Irrigation organizations. Washington, D.C.: USDA, Economic Research Service, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.7975545.ers.

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Groundwater resources are vital for U.S. and global irrigated agricultural production. In the United States, groundwater supplies water to approximately 65 percent of all irrigated acreage. The connectivity among irrigators pumping from the same aquifer—paired with growing concerns about groundwater depletion—led to the creation of many of the groundwater organizations currently active in the United States. Groundwater organizations perform a variety of functions to promote groundwater resource stewardship and address groundwater overdraft and quality concerns that impact groundwater irrigators and other nonagricultural users (i.e., residential and municipal groundwater users). The operations of groundwater organizations are shaped by State-level groundwater law, organization governance, and the other irrigation-related activities performed by the organization (such as delivering water directly to farms and ranches). This report leverages data from the USDA’s 2019 Survey of Irrigation Organizations to characterize the unique institutions that steward much of the Nation’s groundwater resources.

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Chiappini, Roy N. Energy Efficient Irrigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764592.

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Pradhan, P. Irrigation development in Bhutan. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.014.

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Lawson, Vincent. Subsurface Drip Irrigation Project. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1087.

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Dessalegn, M., e D. J. Merrey. Is ‘Social Cooperation’ for traditional irrigation, while ‘Technology’ is for motor pump irrigation? International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2015.201.

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Pradhan, P., e R. Yoder. Irrigation Development; The Management And Use Of Irrigation In The Mountains Of Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.57.

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Friedler, Eran, e Karl G. Linden. Distributed UV LEDs for combined control of fouling of drip emitters and disinfection during irrigation with reclaimed wastewater effluent. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134144.bard.

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Irrigating crops with reclaimed wastewater, replacing potable water, using drip irrigation has become more common as demands on water supplies have increased. Because of the quality characteristics of treated wastewater, the small size and geometry of drip emitters, and flow characteristics though the emitters, systems can become clogged for physical and biological reasons. Emitters clogging reduces flow and increases the variability of flows between emitters that can lead to crops water stress and thus reduce crop yield. Clogged systems require more energy or more labor- and chemical-intensive maintenance and cleaning, such as with chlorine. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and specifically UV-C (200-300 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) have great promise for disinfection and biofouling prevention in irrigation water systems. LEDs are particularly well-suited for decentralized use in drip irrigation systems due to their small size, robust construction, low power requirements, long life, and intermittent operation capability. The main goal of this research was to study and develop UV-LED irradiation technology for reducing biofouling of drip irrigation fed by treated effluent, and to explore whether locating the UV-LEDs along the irrigation line as an integral part of the system could be advantageous.

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