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Bibliografie tematiche / Iron structures

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Iron structures"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Chen, Jianlin, Shaolin Chen, Liu Zhong, Hao Feng, Yaoming Xie e R. Bruce King. "Binuclear Methylborole Iron Carbonyls: Iron−Iron Multiple Bonds and Perpendicular Structures". Inorganic Chemistry 50, n. 4 (21 febbraio 2011): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic101956z.

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2

WANG, LAI-SHENG, JIAWEN FAN e LIANG LOU. "IRON CLUSTERS AND OXYGEN-CHEMISORBED IRON CLUSTERS". Surface Review and Letters 03, n. 01 (febbraio 1996): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x9600125x.

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Abstract (sommario):

The photoelectron spectroscopy of size-selected [Formula: see text](n=3–24) clusters and oxygen-chemisorbed clusters Fe n O −(n=1–16), has been studied at 3.49-eV photon energy with a magnetic-bottle time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer. While the spectra of the pure iron clusters show rather sharp features in the whole size range, those of the oxygen-chemisorbed species are considerably different, with extensive sharp structures observed for n only up to 6. The electron affinities (EAs) of both the bare and chemisorbed clusters exhibit strong size variations. However, the first oxygenation of the iron clusters induces a systematic lowering of EA in the size range n=9–15. Towards a complete molecular picture of these interesting clusters, density-functional calculations are being performed to determine the equilibrium cluster structures, oxygen chemisorption sites, and their electronic structures. The equilibrium structures obtained for Fe n O with n=2–6 are reported.

3

Marshall, W. G., J. S. Loveday, R. J. Nelmes, S. Klotz, G. Hamel, J. M. Besson e J. B. Parise. "Magnetic Structures of Iron Sulphide." REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 7 (1998): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.7.565.

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4

Kolitsch, Uwe, Christian L. Lengauer e Gerald Giester. "Crystal structures and isotypism of the iron(III) arsenate kamarizaite and the iron(III) phosphate tinticite". European Journal of Mineralogy 28, n. 1 (23 marzo 2016): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2485.

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5

Li, Wei, Chandan Setty, X. H. Chen e Jiangping Hu. "Electronic and magnetic structures of chain structured iron selenide compounds". Frontiers of Physics 9, n. 4 (13 giugno 2014): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-014-0428-y.

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6

Hafner, J. "Noncollinear magnetic structures in amorphous iron and iron-based alloys". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 139, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1995): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)00440-4.

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7

Lorenz, R., e J. Hafner. "Noncollinear magnetic structures in amorphous iron and iron-based alloys". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 139, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1995): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)90049-7.

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8

Zhou, Liqing, Guoliang Li, Qian-Shu Li, Yaoming Xie e R. Bruce King. "The diversity of iron−sulfur bonding in binuclear iron carbonyl sulfides". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, n. 8 (agosto 2014): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0052.

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The potential accessibility of Fe2S(CO)n derivatives with 1:2 sulfur to iron ratios by the decarboxylation of iron carbonyl thionyls has led to their investigation using density functional theory. The lowest energy Fe2S(CO)n (n = 8, 7, 6) structures are predicted to be singlet structures with all terminal CO groups, a bridging sulfur atom, and a formal Fe–Fe single bond of length ∼2.5 Å. The Fe−S distances in these structures shorten from ∼2.3 to ∼2.1 Å as CO groups are lost, suggesting an increase in the formal Fe−S bond orders. The thermochemistry of CO dissociation suggests that both Fe2S(CO)8 and Fe2S(CO)7 are viable synthetic objectives. A similar density functional theory study of Fe2S2(CO)n derivatives (n = 7, 6, 5) finds the experimentally known Fe2S2(CO)7 structure with a bridging S2CO group and the Fe2S2(CO)6 structure with a bridging disulfide ligand to be the lowest energy structures by substantial margins of ∼17 and ∼21 kcal/mol, respectively. The low-energy structures for the unsaturated Fe2S2(CO)5 are derived from the low-energy Fe2S2(CO)6 structures by loss of a CO group in various ways with relatively little change in the underlying Fe2S2 framework.

9

Moy, S. S. J., e H. W. J. Clarke. "Strengthening wrought-iron structures using CFRP". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 162, n. 4 (agosto 2009): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2009.162.4.251.

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10

Ishikawa, Tatsuo. "Formation and Structures of Iron Oxides". Zairyo-to-Kankyo 46, n. 7 (1997): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.46.411.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Tuncel, Selcan. "Synthesis Of Iron Borophosphates And Phosphates With Zeo-type Structures". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1260460/index.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

New iron phosphate and borophosphate compounds were synthesized and characterized by single crystal/powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Using several compositions, Fey B(PO4)x type of compounds were attempted to be prepared by solid state reactions. The solid state reactions of boron compounds with a phosphating agent has been completed at 950oC. A new product Fe2BP3O12 is synthesized and indexed in this work which is isostructural with Cr2 BP3O12 A single crystal of iron ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3-xHxFeP3O12, was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized. Its X-ray powder diffraction pattern was indexed in orthorhombic system. The unit cell parameters were found to be as a = 7.775 (Å
), b = 7.445(Å
), c = 14.331(Å
) The compound with the formula NH4FeBP2O8OH was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Its X-ray powder diffraction pattern was indexed in monoclinic system. The unit cell parameters were found to be a = 9.336, b = 8.278, c =9.642Å
, and &
#946
= 101.60o, which are good agreement with the literature values. Ferro-axinite type of compound was discovered as single crystals resembling the axinite mineral. The compound was indexed in triclinic system with the unit cell parameters of a = 7.167, b = 8.840 , c = 9.455Å
, &
#945
= 64.83o, &
#946
= 64.83o, &
#947
= 69.42o. A zeotype Fe(H2O)2BP2O8.H2O, which was obtained by hydrothermal methods before, was synthesized by a precipitation method using different initial reactant. In this case, instead of Fe+2, Fe+3 compound was used as a reactant. All the compounds have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and the assignments of the functional BO3, BO4 and PO4 groups have been done.

2

Cao, Jianying. "Electronic structures of iron monocarbide (FeC) and rhenium mononitride (ReN)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34253.pdf.

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3

Mohd-Ali, B. B. "Computer mapping of grain structures in grain-oriented silicon-iron". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373598.

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4

Powell, Robyn. "Structures and magnetic properties of iron(III) spin-crossover compounds". Thesis, Aston University, 2017. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/37512/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Transition metal fragments displaying switching behaviour are appealing materials, which may be used in a functional way in research and technology. Some molecular species containing transitionmetal ions may exhibit a crossover between states having a different magnetic moment, the magnetic interconversion between the low-spin and high-spin state in FeIII systems which can be triggered by a change in temperature, pressure or by light irradiation. The research presented in this thesis focuses on using substituted derivatives of R-salicylaldehyde 4R’-thiosemicarbazone (H2L, H2-R-thsa-R’) for generating FeIII spin crossover. The aim was to design mononuclear FeIII compounds with a view of studying their structural features and magnetic properties. The results present the full structural analysis of differently charged FeIII-bis(ligand) complexes, these include: (i) (cation+)[FeIII(L2‒)2]·x(solvent), (ii) [FeIII(HL‒)(L2‒)]·x(solvent) and(iii) [FeIII(HL‒)2](anion‒)·x(solvent). The studies discuss several influences on the structural features and the magnetic properties of the reported FeIII compounds, these include: the nature of the anionor cation associated with the FeIII complex, the degree of solvation of the complex and the variations in the ligand substituents. The magnetic studies of the (cation+)[FeIII(L2‒)2]·x(solvent) compounds have presented one high-spin compound ((CH3)2NH2[Fe(3-OEt-thsa)2]) and four low-spin compounds (Cs[Fe(3-OEt-thsa-Me)2]·CH3OH, Cs[Fe(5-Br-thsa)2], NH4[Fe(thsa)2] and NH4[Fe(5-Br-thsa)2]), of which NH4[Fe(5-Br-thsa)2] revealed a fraction of the FeIII ions convert into the high-spin state. Three [FeIII(HL‒)(L2‒)]·x(solvent) compounds have been studied, of which a rare two-step spin transition has been observed for [Fe(H-5-Cl-thsa-Me)(5-Cl-thsa-Me)]·H2O, while the isostructural compounds [Fe(Hthsa-Me)(thsa-Me)]·H2O undergoes an incomplete spin transition and [Fe(H-3-OEt-thsa-Me)(3-OEt-thsa-Me)]·H2O remains in the high-spin state. It was recognised that the steric and electronic features imposed by the R,R’-substituents may have an impact on the spin state of FeIII cations, and affect at which temperature the spin transition occurs. Furthermore, the FeIII cation of both [FeIII(HL‒)2](anion‒)·x(solvent) compounds, [Fe(H-5-Br-thsa-Et)2](NO3)·H2O and [Fe(H-4-OHthsa)2]4·(SO4)2·9H2O, were found to be in the high-spin state. Collectively, the described research has provided new insight into this family of FeIII bis(Rsalicylaldehyde4R’-thiosemicarbazone) compounds and provides a strong foundation for further studies.

5

Henderson, Richard K. "The formation and structures of iron(III) polycarboxylato species formed in aqueous solution". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357576.

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6

Olowe, A. Abiodun. "Aqueous corrosion of iron in sulphated media mechanisms, kinetics and structures /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617200t.

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7

Maraveas, Chrysanthos. "Fire resistance of metal framed historical structures". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fire-resistance-of-metal-framed-historical-structures(390efc49-7228-4ad1-a164-356213df96fb).html.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis focuses on fire resistance of 19th century cast iron framed structures. Based on material property data obtained from a comprehensive literature review, upper and lower bound relationships of the thermal and mechanical properties of 19th century fireproof floor construction materials have been derived. Because these materials have large variability, a sensitivity analysis has been undertaken to investigate the most effective ways of representing such variability. The sensitivity analysis has indicated that the elevated mechanical properties of cast iron should be reliably quantified. The thermal expansion of cast iron can be taken as equal to that of steel as in EN1993-1-2. Variabilities in other material properties have modest effects on fire resistance of cast iron structures and can be safely modeled according the Eurocode material models for similar modern materials (using thermal properties of modern steel for cast iron, using thermal properties of modern concrete for the insulation materials of cast iron structures). In order to resolve some of the uncertainties in mechanical properties of cast iron at elevated temperatures, a total of 135 elevated temperature tests have been performed, including tension and compression tests, transient state and steady state tests, tests after cooling down and thermal expansion tests. These test results have been used to establish the elevated temperature stress-strain-temperature relationships in tension and compression. Afterwards, calculation methods are developed to calculate the bending resistance of cast iron beams and compression resistance of cast iron columns at elevated temperatures. For cast iron beams, a fibre model has been developed to calculate elevated temperature moment capacity of cast iron beams in jack arch construction, taking into consideration non-uniform temperature distributions in the cross-section. The fibre model divides the cross section into a large number of fine layers and for a given curvature and neutral axis position calculates the strain, the temperature, the stress and the force of each layer. It has been found that under historically applied load, the fire resistance of such beams can be 60 minutes or higher. The Monte Carlo simulation method has been used to take into account the variabilities of important mechanical properties of cast iron at elevated temperatures; Young’s modulus, 0.2% proof stress, ultimate strength, corresponding strain at ultimate strength and failure strain in tension and Young’s modulus, proportional limit and 0.2% proof stress in compression. This has enabled material safety factors of 1.50, 2.50, 4.50 and 5.50 to be proposed for target failure probabilities of 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 and 10-4 respectively. For cast iron columns, a finite element model, built using the commercial software ABAQUS, has been used to examine the effects of changing different design parameters (column slenderness, member imperfection, cross section imperfection, degree of axial restraint, load factor and load eccentricity) on fire resistance of cast iron columns. Validation of the finite element model was by comparison of the simulation results against six fire resistance tests, three on unprotected and three on protected cast iron columns. The results of this numerical parametric study indicate that the fire resistance of cast iron columns is generally higher than that of modern steel columns because the applied loads on cast iron columns are lower and cast iron columns have thicker sections than modern steel columns. Comparison of the numerical parametric study results with the calculation results using the steel column design method in EN1993-1-2 has found that the EN 1993-1-2 calculation results are generally on the safe side.

8

Wang, Qianen, e 王乾恩. "Electronic structures of impurity and orbital-resolved vortex core states in iron-selenide superconductors". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206433.

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Abstract (sommario):

We study the effect of a single non-magnetic impurity and vortex core states in iron-selenide superconductors by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently based on a three-orbital model. Various pairing symmetry are considered in the calculation. The impurity-induced in-gap bound states are found only for attractive impurity scattering potential, as in the cases of doping of Co or Ni, which is characterized by the strong particle-hole asymmetry, in the nodeless d_(x^2-y^2 ) wave pairing state. This property may be used to probe the pairing symmetry of iron-selenide 122-type superconductors. The orbital-resolved vortex core states of different pairing symmetries manifest themselves as distinguishable structures due to different behavior of the quasiparticle wavefunctions. The obtained vortices are classified by the invariant subgroups of the symmetry group of the meanfield Hamiltonian in the presence of magnetic field as isotropic s- and s±-wave vortices have G_5 symmetry for each orbital, whereas d_(x^2-y^2 ) wave vortices show G(* )¦6 symmetry for d_xzand d_yz orbitals and G(* )¦5 symmetry for d_xy orbital. In the case of d_(x^2-y^2 ) wave vortices, hybridized-pairing between d_xzand d_yz orbitals gives rise to a relative phase difference in terms of winding structures of vortices between these two orbitals and d_xy orbital, which is essentially caused by a transformation of co-representation of G(* )¦5 and G(* )¦6 subgroup. Calculation of particle densities show common charging feature of vortices in the cases of s± and d_(x^2-y^2 ) wave pairing states where the electron-like vortices are observed for d_xz and d_yz orbitals while hole-like vortices for d_xyorbital. The phase difference of orbital-resolved d_(x^2-y^2 ) wave vortices and their charging effects can be verified by further experimental observations.
published_or_final_version
Physics
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

9

Nadler, Jason Hayes. "The hydrogen reduction of iron and chromium oxides". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19410.

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10

Landgraf, Boris [Verfasser], e Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Hansen. "Structural, magnetic and electrical investigation of Iron-based III/V-semiconductor hybrid structures / Boris Landgraf. Betreuer: Wolfgang Hansen". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048626555/34.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Swailes, Tom. Scottish iron structures. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland, 2006.

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2

Abu-Saba, Elias G. Design of steel structures. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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3

Beg, Darko. Design of plated structures: Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures : part 1-5--Design of plated structures. Berlin: Ernst, Wilhelm & Sohn, 2010.

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4

1932-, Fukumoto Yuhshi, a cura di. Structural stability design: Steel and composite structures. Oxford: Pergamon, 1997.

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5

Harry, Parker. Simplified design of steel structures. 6^a ed. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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6

Trahair, N. S. The behaviour and design of steel structures. 2^a ed. London: E & FN Spon, 1994.

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7

Ambrose, James E. Simplified design of steel structures. 8^a ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2007.

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8

Ambrose, James E. Simplified design of steel structures. 7^a ed. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1997.

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9

Paik, Jeom Kee. Ultimate limit state design of steel plated structures. Chichster: J. Wiley, 2002.

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10

Alan, Williams. Steel structures design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Boothby, Thomas E. "Empirical Design of Wood Structures". In Engineering Iron and Stone, 37–47. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413838.ch03.

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2

Boothby, Thomas E. "Empirical Design of Iron and Steel Structures". In Engineering Iron and Stone, 49–55. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413838.ch04.

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3

Sherman, D. M. "Electronic Structures of Iron Oxides and Silicates". In Advanced Mineralogy, 327–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78523-8_22.

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4

Eggleton, Richard A., Darrell G. Schulze e Joseph W. Stucki. "Introduction to Crystal Structures of Iron-Containing Minerals". In Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, 141–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4007-9_7.

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5

Bussell, Michael. "Use of Iron and Steel in Buildings". In Structures & Construction in Historic Building Conservation, 173–91. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470691816.ch10.

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6

Rees, D. C., J. Kim, M. M. Georgiadis, H. Komiya, A. J. Chirino, D. Woo, J. Schlessman et al. "Crystal Structures of the Iron Protein and Molybdenum—Iron Protein of Nitrogenase". In ACS Symposium Series, 170–85. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0535.ch011.

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7

Chung, K. C., e Dickon H. L. Ng. "Fabrication of Magnetic Iron-Hercynite Composites by Reaction Sintering". In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 309–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.309.

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8

Pelleg, Joshua. "Diffusion Mechanisms in L12 Structures". In Diffusion in the Iron Group L12 and B2 Intermetallic Compounds, 23–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39522-7_2.

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9

Pelleg, Joshua. "Diffusion Mechanism in B2 Structures". In Diffusion in the Iron Group L12 and B2 Intermetallic Compounds, 225–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39522-7_7.

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10

Day, Leslie Preston. "Identifying Family Structures in Early Iron Age Crete". In Mediterranean Families in Antiquity, 27–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119143734.ch2.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Puri, Satinder P. S. "Aesthetics of Central Park's Cast Iron Bridges". In Structures Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40889(201)150.

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2

Ueno, Toshiyuki, Eric Summers e Toshiro Higuchi. "Machining of iron-gallium for microactuator". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di William D. Armstrong. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.659410.

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3

Kellogg, Rick A., Alan M. Russell, Thomas A. Lograsso, Alison B. Flatau, Arthur E. Clark e Marilyn Wun-Fogle. "Mechanical properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Dimitris C. Lagoudas. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484347.

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4

Moy, Stuart. "The Strengthening of Cast Iron and Wrought Iron Structures Using CFRP — The United Kingdom Experience". In Research Frontiers at Structures Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40944(249)52.

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5

DiSabatino, Jr., Ronald J., F. Patrick McCluskey, Alison B. Flatau e Bethanie J. H. Stadler. "Packaging of an iron-gallium nanowire acoustic sensor". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.658597.

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6

Datta, Supratik, e Alison B. Flatau. "Application of iron-gallium alloy as magnetostrictive sensors". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Alison B. Flatau. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.600088.

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7

Twarek, Luke M., e Alison B. Flatau. "Dynamic property determination of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di William D. Armstrong. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.600186.

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8

Stepanova, Natalia, Anatoly Bataev e Aleksey Razumakov. "Quenching of cast iron with a high copper content". In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932912.

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9

Atulasimha, Jayasimha, Alison B. Flatau, Inderjit Chopra e Rick A. Kellogg. "Effect of stoichiometry on sensing behavior of iron-gallium". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Dimitris C. Lagoudas. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.539397.

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10

Downey, Patrick R., e Alison B. Flatau. "Bending of iron-gallium (Galfenol) alloys for sensor applications". In Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Masayoshi Tomizuka, Chung-Bang Yun e Victor Giurgiutiu. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.657757.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Iron structures":

1

Bowman, Mark, e Amy Piskorowski. Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and Steel Structures in Indiana. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313207.

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2

Hunter, Fraser, e Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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Abstract (sommario):

The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world

3

Robert Sinclair e Richard Chin. Structure and Properties of Iron-Carbide Multilayers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821078.

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4

Radescu, Voica A. QCD fits to neutrino-iron structure functions at NuTeV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919943.

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5

Lee, Sharon S., Carolyn Knobler e M. F. Hawthorne. Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Mononuclear Iron (II) ferracarboranes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239156.

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6

Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer e Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.

7

Flinn, J. E. Rapid solidification processing of iron-base alloys for structural applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6199198.

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8

Arrott, Anthony S., Carey E. Stronach e David R. Noakes. Mechanically Milled Iron Alloys for High-Temperature Magnetic and Structural Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416833.

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9

Oltman, Edward. Nucleon Structure Functions from High-Energy Neutrino and Anti-Neutrino Interactions in Iron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427781.

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10

Krasko, Genrich L., e Gregory B. Olson. Effect of Hydrogen on the Electronic Structure of a Grain Boundary in Iron. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237499.

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