Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Ireland – History – Handbooks, manuals, etc"

Orientador: Heloísa Helena Pimenta Rocha
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O mercado editorial brasileiro, em expansão nas primeiras décadas do século XX, incorporou, à sua maneira, os discursos produzidos tanto pelo movimento higienista como pelos que compreendiam a educação como forma de regenerar a nação e encaminhá-la em direção ao progresso e à modernidade. Escritos em sua maioria por pediatras, os guias maternos fizeram parte de coleções que se destinavam à educação da população. Apesar das referências nesses impressos aos procedimentos científicos em relação à criação dos filhos, a identificação dessas publicações como leituras úteis permitiu analisá-las enquanto uma das práticas médicas dirigidas às mulheres, para difundir modelos de comportamento familiar que garantissem a geração, o desenvolvimento saudável e a educação das crianças brasileiras. Este texto adota como principal referencial teórico as contribuições de Roger Chartier, em torno da história do livro e da leitura, e de Michel Foucault, no que se refere à compreensão dos mecanismos de poder sobre a população, definidos pelo autor como biopolítica. Os processos de produção e os indícios da circulação dos guias maternos foram considerados como elementos fundamentais para a compreensão da difusão das representações sobre as mulheres, as crianças e sua educação, nos moldes propostos pela medicina, como parte de um processo mais amplo de intervenção na sociedade brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise das prescrições de leitura, presentes nas características textuais e tipográficas desses impressos, permite uma aproximação das práticas propostas às mães. Por essa razão, os guias maternos que integram o corpus desta pesquisa, publicados entre 1919 e 1957, foram compreendidos tanto como objeto quanto como fonte de estudo. Entre as questões suscitadas, a principal interrogação refere-se ao espaço que esses impressos teriam ocupado no processo de difusão de práticas higiênicas que abrangiam tanto o cuidado com o corpo infantil como a educação da criança, com base nas recomendações médicas. O tratamento privilegiado dado à mulher leitora, a partir desse redimensionamento das funções maternais, em acordo com os princípios científicos, também permitiu indagar sobre as representações que teriam sido produzidas em torno da leitura feminina, veiculadas por autores e editores dos guias maternos estudados, a partir da inserção de diferentes dispositivos textuais e gráficos.
Abstract: The Brazilian publishing market in expansion since the first decades of the XX Century has incorporated at its own manner the speeches produced either by the hygienist movement as well as by those who understood upbringing as a way to regenerate a nation, leading it into progress and modernity. Written mostly by pediatricians, mother guidebooks were part of a collection that was intended for the education of the population. Despite the references contained in such publications regarding the scientific procedures related to children upbringing, identifying such publications as useful reading material allowed for analyzing them as one of the medical practices directed to women, in order to spread familial behavioral models that would guarantee the generation, the healthy development and upbringing of the Brazilian children. This work adopts, as its main theoretical reference, Roger Chartier's contributions about the history of books and reading, and Michel Foucalt's contributions to the understanding of power mechanisms over the populations, defined by the author as biopolitics. Production processes and indications of circulation of mother guidebooks were regarded to as fundamental elements to the understanding of the diffusion of representations over the women, the children and their upbringing, according to models proposed by medicine, as part of a bigger process of intervention in the Brazilian society. At the same time, the analysis of the reading prescriptions contained in the text and graphic characteristics of such printings allows for the approaching of the practices proposed to mothers. Due to this reason, mother guidebooks that form the corpus of this survey, published between 1919 and 1957, have been taken both as subject and as source of study. Among the raised issues, the main inquiry is concerned with how much space such printings might have taken in the process of diffusion of hygienic practices regarding either the care with the child's body as well as the child's upbringing based on medical recommendations. The privileged treatment given to woman readers beginning with the redesigning of maternal functions, according to scientific principles, also allowed for questioning the representations that might have been produced about the women's reading, published by authors and publishers of such guidebooks that have been studied, based on the insertion of different text and graphic devices.
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Elide Rugai Bastos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é reconstruir alguns aspectos da trajetória intelectual de Gilberto Freyre no período compreendido entre o final dos anos 20 e o final dos anos 50, especialmente referidos à sistematização de suas idéias sociológicas. O ponto de partida da análise é a sua experiência docente na Escola Normal de Pernambuco durante os anos de 1929 e 1930, quando o autor reuniu as primeiras ferramentas conceituais a partir das quais foi possível produzir sua singular interpretação da sociedade brasileira e consagrar os estudos sociológicos no meio intelectual brasileiro. Em seguida, investigamos sua experiência docente na Universidade do Distrito Federal entre os anos de 1935 e 1937. Trata-se da única experiência em que o autor permaneceu, de forma mais ou menos estável, nos quadros de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileiro. A análise dos manuscritos de suas aulas permite compreender o sentido das suas idéias naquele período. Por fim, apresentamos uma análise das duas primeiras edições do compêndio Sociologia: uma introdução aos seus princípios, publicado pela primeira vez em 1945, um livro singular no conjunto da obra do autor, resultante de experiência docente nas duas instituições acima referidas. Na reconstrução desta trajetória - que compreende desde a artesania de suas idéias sociológicas até ambiência social e política que serviu de substrato para sua atividade intelectual - constatamos as diferentes expectativas de que a ciência sociológica foi depositária no Brasil
Abstract: This research aims at reconstructing some aspects of Gilberto Freyre¿s intellectual trajectory between the late 1920s and the late 1950s, with a focus on the systematization of his sociological ideas. The analysis starts with his teaching experience at the Pernambuco¿s Normal School in 1929-1930, when the author produced his first conceptual tools that enabled him to produce his particular interpretation of Brazilian society, consolidating at he same time sociological studies. Following this his teaching experience at the Federal District¿s University, between 1935-1937, is investigated. It was the only experience Freyre had as a fixed member of the faculty of a Brazilian university. The analysis of the manuscripts from his classes allows for a comprehension of his ideas in that period. An investigation of the first two editions of his compedium Sociologia: uma introdução aos seus princípios (Sociology: an introduction to its principles), first published in 1945, is presented at last. This was a singular book in his trajectory, resulting from teaching experience at the above mentioned institutions. In the process of reconstructing Freyre¿s trajectory ¿ including the crafting of his sociological ideas and the social and political context that served as a basis for his intelectual activity ¿ one notices the different expectations one had on Sociology in Brazil
Doutorado
Doutor em Sociologia

This thesis focuses on the Summa Angelica de casibus conscientie written by Angelo da Chivasso (d. 1495), first printed in 1486. Angelo belonged to the Observantine branch of the Franciscan Order and was its vicar general four times. Having documented Angelo's life and career, the thesis centres on the construction and purpose of his Summa. It assesses its originality within the tradition of confession manuals and the reasons for its popularity. It argues that the structure is very clear because Angelo intended it for the use of simplices confessores, by which he probably meant priests who did not have a university degree. He arranged his material alphabetically and in the longer sections, paragraphs were numbered, making cross-referencing easy. He included a list of authorities and explained the manner of quoting from them. Not all these features were original, but together they helped to make the Summa popular. There are several noteworthy features of Angelo's Summa. The procedures described had been laid down in earlier manuals, including the need for more rigorous questions - ad status – relating to the profession of each penitent and where this might lead to sin. Angelo however diverged from some earlier authorities by warning about excessive rigour. Circumstances were to be taken into account, and where possible penitents to be given the benefit of the doubt. The number of copies of Angelo's Summa printed throughout Western Christendom during his lifetime and following his death are a tribute to its importance. The period of fame however, was short. Martin Luther was a particularly virulent critic of the Summa, and the Catholic Church changed the method of hearing confessions, making much of it redundant, though it survived for some centuries more as a work of reference for confessors.

The purpose of this study is to aid interpreters in evaluation sources (research material) for use in interpretive presentations and programs in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. This was done by illustrating the need for source evaluation and then developing the guidelines for selecting, evaluating, and most effectively using various sources in the development of interpretive programs in the National Parks Services (NPS).