Articoli di riviste: "Ion – Cameroon"

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Landeryou, Toby, Muriel Rabone, Fiona Allan, Rosie Maddren, David Rollinson, Bonnie L. Webster, Louis-Albert Tchuem-Tchuenté, Roy M. Anderson e Aidan M. Emery. "Genome-wide insights into adaptive hybridisation across the Schistosoma haematobium group in West and Central Africa". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): e0010088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010088.

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Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern across sub-Saharan Africa; current control programmes rely on accurate mapping and high mass drug administration (MDA) coverage to attempt disease elimination. Inter-species hybridisation can occur between certain species, changing epidemiological dynamics within endemic regions, which has the potential to confound control interventions. The impact of hybridisation on disease dynamics is well illustrated in areas of Cameroon where urogenital schistosomiasis, primarily due to Schistosoma haematobium and hybrid infections, now predominate over intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma guineensis. Genetic markers have shown the ability to identify hybrids, however the underlying genomic architecture of divergence and introgression between these species has yet to be established. In this study, restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used on archived adult worms initially identified as; Schistosoma bovis (n = 4), S. haematobium (n = 9), S. guineensis (n = 3) and S. guineensis x S. haematobium hybrids (n = 4) from Mali, Senegal, Niger, São Tomé and Cameroon. Genome-wide evidence supports the existence of S. guineensis and S. haematobium hybrid populations across Cameroon. The hybridisation of S. guineensis x S. haematobium has not been demonstrated on the island of São Tomé, where all samples showed no introgression with S. haematobium. Additionally, all S. haematobium isolates from Nigeria, Mali and Cameroon indicated signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Adaptive loci across the S. haematobium group showed that voltage-gated calcium ion channels (Cav) could play a key role in the ability to increase the survivability of species, particularly in host systems. Where admixture has occurred between S. guineensis and S. haematobium, the excess introgressive influx of tegumental (outer helminth body) and antigenic genes from S. haematobium has increased the adaptive response in hybrids, leading to increased hybrid population fitness and viability.

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Kopa Njueya, Adoua, Arnaud Tonang Zebaze, Lucas Kengni, Emile Temgoua, David Guimolaire Nkouathio e Stéphanie Dannou Chezie. "Assessment of Groundwater Mineralization Processes in Mbakaou Area (Adamawa Plateau – Cameroon), by Using Conventional Diagrams and Multivariate Statistical Analysis". European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 2, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.1.115.

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Management of groundwater require knowing their qualities and hydrogeochemical processes whereby these waters acquire their mineralization. The population of Mbakaou in Adamawa Plateau consumes groundwater from a doubtful quality water supply structures (wells, boreholes and catchments). This study was carried out to highlight groundwater quality and processes that govern water mineralization. So, to achieve this, 11 water samples were analyzed (1 rain water, 1 well, 3 springs and 6 boreholes). After analyzing the samples and comparing the obtained values to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, multivariate statistical analysis including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied. Results show that these waters samples are fresh, generally of good quality compared to WHO standards and weakly mineralized (35 to 247.9 mg/l), due to the short residence time. Calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies is the main water type. Nitrates are the most common pollutants and reveal high vulnerability of saprolite aquifer than fractured aquifer. The groundwater mineralization is influenced by precipitation, base ion exchange process, anthropogenic activities and water-rock interaction through silicate weathering. The PCA analysis yielded three factors that explained 89.33 % of the total variance. Factor 1 (62.60 %), factor 2 (15.54 %) and factor 3 (11.19 %) made respectively the difference between water samples influenced by precipitation or water rock interaction from those influenced by both water-rock interaction with precipitation or anthropogenic activities and those for water rock interaction with ion exchange process.

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Talla, Emmanuel, Alfred Ngenge Tamfu, Pierre Biyanzi, Paul Sakava, Forche Peter Asoboe, Joseph Tanyi Mbafor, Nestor Fernand Fohouo Tchuenguem e Robert Ndjouenkeu. "Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids content of different extracts of propolis from Tekel (Ngaoundal, Adamawa region, Cameroon)". Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, n. 5 (25 ottobre 2014): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3504.

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Five extracts of propolis of Adamawa Cameroon were obtained by percolation and maceration with five different solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water, in order of increasing polarity. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extracts and the total content in flavonoids and polyphenols were evaluated by photometric methods. The total flavonoid content was evaluated using the Neu reagent (2-aminodiethyl diphenylborinate) and quercetin as standard and the results varied from 0.84±0.02 gQE/100gRM in ethyl acetate extract to 1.52±0.06 gQE/100gRM in ethanol extract. The total polyphenol content was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and gallic acid as standard and results varied from 2.32±0.37 gGAE/100gRM in the ethyl acetate extract which is the least to 8.64±0.47 gGAE/100gRM in the aqueous extract. The antiradical activities of the extracts were evaluated through their inhibition on DPPH• and IC50 values varied from 1.88 mg/mL in the aqueous extract which showed highest antioxidant power to 5.06 mg/mL in the ethyl acetate extract with the least antioxidant power. BHT and vitamin C were used as synthetic and natural standards respectively and they showed higher antioxidant power compared to the propolis extracts. Ferrous iron chelating capacities of the extracts were determined using potassium ferricyanide reagent and EDTA as standard. Using Stat Graphics software and Durbin-Watson statistics test, the extracts showed significant correlation between flavonoid content and polyphenol content with DPPH• scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate extract showed least ferrous ion chelating capacity while the methanol extract showed highest ferrous ion chelating capacity.

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Lumnwi, Modeste, Wilson Yetoh Fantong e Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe. "CHALLENGES OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT IN BAFUT SUB-DIVISION, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, n. 10 (31 ottobre 2018): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i10.2018.1192.

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Drinking water if not monitored could be a vehicle for diseases of public health concern in Bafut Sub-Division Cameroon. The present study sought to assess the challenges faced by community water supply schemes based on the evaluation of quality and quantity. This study was a cross sectional community survey marked by field survey involving mapping, discharge measurement, potable water samples collection (springs, streams, rain, wells and boreholes) and laboratory analysis. Twelve pipe born water supply schemes and thirty-eight water sources were appraised within two intervals (March-July 2015 and October 2017-March 2018). Chemical analysis was done using an Ion Chromatography and microbial analyses using the presumptive test method and standard plate count. Hospital registers were reviewed on prevalence of water borne diseases. The results showed that major challenges of water supply included; dilapidated pipes, spring inputs and climate variability. Hydro chemical faces were sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride water types. A total Coliform count of 43 to >1100 per 100ml was recorded for March and July 2015 and 0-236Tcfu in March 2018. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were probably responsible for high rate of water borne diseases. There is need to develop standardize integrated water management plan in this area.

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Dammi Djimi, Estelle Gaëlle, Akebe Luther King Abia, Placide Désiré Belibi Belibi, Patrice Takam Soh, Randy Nanga Che, Julius Numbonui Ghogomu e Joseph Mbadcam Ketcha. "Multivariate Statistical and Hydrochemical Analysis of Drinking Water Resources in Northern Cameroon Watersheds". Water 13, n. 21 (1 novembre 2021): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213055.

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Watershed pollution by natural and anthropogenic activities remains a global challenge that requires careful and prompt attention. So, identifying possible pollution sources and studying the hydrochemistry of water resources would positively affect human health, especially in resource-limited communities and their economy. Water samples were collected during the rainy season in the North (R-NO) and Adamawa (R-AD) Region communities of Cameroon and assessed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The data were analysed using multivariate statistical and hydrochemical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) retained seven and six principal components explaining 77.65% (R-NO) and 72.24% (R-AD) of the total variance, respectively. The drinking water sources assessed were highly, moderately, and lightly contaminated with turbidity, PO43−, Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, and electrical conductivity (EC) from surface runoff and soil erosion sources. PCA and factor analysis (PCA/FA) revealed two main groups, distinguished by natural and anthropogenic sources, responsible for water quality variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped sampling sites into three clusters: low, moderate, and high pollution areas in the R-NO and unpolluted, low, and moderate pollution areas in the R-AD. The order of dominant cations was Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− for anions. Based on Piper diagram classification, watersheds studied were predominated by the Mg-Ca-HCO3 water type in 85% (R-NO) and 79% (R-AD) of water samples. The chemical composition of shallow and deep water was dominantly controlled by the dissolution of silicates and carbonate, reverse ion exchange, and precipitation of calcite. These results reveal that diffuse pollution predominantly impacted the study sites during the rainy season, and this should be the focus of policymakers when planning and implementing measures to protect drinking water sources, human health, and reduce water treatment costs.

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Milev, Borislav P., Maria A. Patras, Thorsten Dittmar, Gino Vrancken e Nikolai Kuhnert. "Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometrical analysis of raw fermented cocoa beans of Cameroon and Ivory Coast origin". Food Research International 64 (ottobre 2014): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.012.

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Alakeh, Mofor Nelson, Tangoh Frinde Adeline, Mbene Kenneth, Fai Joel Alongifor e Njoyim Estella Buleng Tamungang. "Effects of Effluent on Cultivated Soil Properties in Kedjoum Ketinguh, Northwest Region of Cameroon". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 7, n. 1 (30 giugno 2024): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.7.1.2009.

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This study assessed the physicochemical and heavy metal properties of cultivated soils contaminated by effluent and uncontaminated soils in Mphiewen-Kedjoum Ketinguh, Northwest region of Cameroon, in the rainy and dry seasons respectively. In addition, the physicochemical and heavy metals properties of effluent from Mphiewen, responsible for contamination of Mphiewen soil were assessed. We hypothesized that heavy metals from the effluent affected the cultivated soil and plants grown on it. All analyses were carried out on the soil and effluent samples using standard analytical methods. The results revealed that, the soil samples had pH values ranging from 5.9 to 6.0. The effluent sample had pH value of 5.9 and 6.9 in rainy and dry seasons respectively. The organic matter levels in the soils were high and ranged from 5.0-8.92% in both seasons. Total nitrogen content in all the soils were low (N < 1%) and ranged from 0.1 to 0.3%. C/N ratios were high (ranging from 15 to 17), indicating that the organic matter was inadequately mineralized. Heavy metals analysis showed that the cultivated soil was contaminated by cadmium with total concentration of 3.7 mg/kg in the dry season, and chromium with total concentrations of 100.05 and 105.49 mg/kg in rainy and dry seasons respectively. Pearson correlation between some physicochemical properties of the contaminated soil and effluent physicochemical properties were all unity (r = 1.000; p < 0.01). This indicated that the effluent from the dumpsite was the main source of contaminant in the cultivated soil receiving the effluent. The problem of Cd and Cr toxicity in the contaminated soil can be solved by using various methods based on physical, chemical, and biological processes such as chemical precipitation, membrane separation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, phytoremediation, and surface adsorption

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Mvondo, S., J. F. Beyala Ateba, G. H. Ben-Bolie, P. Owono Ateba, A. Simo e H. F. Ekobena. "Dose estimates to the public due to 210Po ingestion via cocoa powder from Lolodorf high background radiation area, Cameroon". Radioprotection 53, n. 3 (11 giugno 2018): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2018022.

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210Po activity concentrations have been measured in Lolodorf high background radiation area in cocoa beans which are hand-processed into cocoa powder for breakfast purposes to estimate radiological dose to human. 210Po has been also measured in cocoa leaves and compared to the cocoa beans 210Po content. The analysis has been carried out by CANBERRA alpha spectrometry using ion-implanted silicon detectors. 210Po activity concentrations in cocoa beans varied from 2.31 ± 0.23 to 8.09 ± 0.56 Bq.kg−1, while these values varied from 21.7 ± 0.87 to 66.67 ± 1.58 Bq.kg−1 in cocoa leaves. The corresponding mean values are 4.96 ± 1.86 and 42.54 ± 16 Bq.kg−1 on a dry weight basis respectively. The obtained values confirm the fact that 210Po activity concentrations in cocoa leaves are high compared to the cocoa beans due to the deposition of 222Rn daughters in the atmosphere. The mean radiological doses to human were founded to be 0.227, 0.134, 0.083 and 0.062 mSv/year for children 2- to 7-year-olds, 7- to 12-year-olds, 12- to 17-year-olds and for adult respectively. Ingestion of cocoa powder by the most exposed group ages (children) might not exceed the recommended dose limit for members of the public, which is 1 mSv/year.

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Yves Mann Elate Lea Mbassi, Marie Solange Evehe, Wilfred Fon Mbacham e John Payne Muluh. "Identification and partial purification of thermally stable peroxidase isoenzymes from seedlings of Vigna sp. (V) landrace Vn". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2021): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0706.

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Several soluble peroxidase isoenzymes are expressed in a landrace of Vigna sp. cultivated in the north of Cameroon (landrace called Vn in previous study) during seed germination. There are at least two cathodic peroxidases and eight major anodic peroxidases as shown by their electrophoretic migration at pH 7.4 under native conditions. These isoperoxidases are more expressed in roots than in shoots. They have different thermal stability, so that heat inactivation kinetics of crude peroxidase extracts from roots do not fit the first-order model. The slow and intermediate migrating groups of anodic isoperoxidases retains a substantial activity after ten minutes of incubation at 80°C and 85°C. An anodic isoperoxidase (named A6 in this study) shows in addition to this great thermal stability, a high activity in seedlings and is expressed both in roots and shoots. The combination of those characteristics makes this isoperoxidase a potential candidate for biotechnological applications. Three major anodic isoperoxidases, of which A6 and another thermostable isoperoxidase, were successfully separated from each other by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, after precipitation of total proteins by ice-cold acetone. This offers the prospect of being able to characterize these isoperoxidases individually in future studies.

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Adolphe, Kouoh Sone Paul-Michel, Tagne Guy Merlain, Lekene Ngouateu René Blaise, Belibi Belibi Placide Desire, NdiNsami Julius, Kouotou Daouda, Ghogomu Numbonui Julius, Anagho Gabche Solomon e Ketcha Mbadcam Joseph. "Kinetics and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution onto modified natural and synthetic iron oxide". International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4, n. 3 (20 giugno 2015): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i3.4721.

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<p>The present paper reports on the kinetic and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of Nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution onto modified natural iron oxide (NAT) from Mbalam (East Region of Cameroon) and synthetic iron oxide (SYNTH). The parameters investigated using batch techniques include, the contact time, adsorbent mass, pH and initial metal ion concentration. The experimental results obtained showed that, the optimum pH of 6 for bothadsorbents with an equilibrium time of 30 minutes was sufficient. The kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for both the adsorbents based on the correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) obtained. The adsorption processes followed both the Langmuir and the Tempkin adsorption models for the natural iron oxide, whereas the Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption models fitted well the adsorption data for the synthetic iron oxide. The maximum quantity of Nickel(II) ions adsorbed was 250 mg/g for the two adsorbents. These results revealed a high adsorption capacity of natural iron oxide which is comparable to that of synthetic iron oxide.</p>

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Djousse Kanouo, Boris Merlain, Mathias Fru Fonteh e Steve Pindjou Ngambo. "Development of a low cost household bone-char defluoridation filter". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n. 5 (14 settembre 2020): 1921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.33.

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Regular intake of drinking water containing fluoride above permissible levels (>1.5 mgl-1) is responsible for dental and skeletal fluorosis. The objective of this study was to develop a low cost and efficient water defluoridation filter using local materials. The filter frame was made from Polyvinyl chloride pipe of 125 mm diameter and 1 m height, with a useful filtration volume of 9.55 l. The filtration layer consisted of a sequence of three strata: gravel, bone-char and sand, giving a total weight of 15 kg. Based on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water in parts of northern Cameroon, three different fluoride ion concentrations (10 mgl-1, 20 mgl-1 and 30 mgl-1) were prepared in the laboratory using distilled water and allowed to flow through the filter at the rate of 3.33 lh-1. High fluoride uptake capacity was observed (94.8% to 99.1%), depicting the suitability of the filter in defluoridation. The constructed filter costed about 17 US$. Based on these results, the filter can be recommended as an appropriate technology to mitigate fluoride health hazards problems in low income families. Although the estimated replacement frequency of biochar was three months, further research is required to optimize the point of use system performances.Keywords: Bone-char, water filter, fluoride.

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A Nwos Prisca-Gaelle, Bien, Mounchili Ibrahim, Apouamoun Yiagnigni Roland, Etoundi Jean, Ndongue Constantin e Meying Arsene. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF REMOTE SENSING AND AEROMAGNETISM TO GOLD PROSPECTING: THE CASE OF THE MEIGANGA ZONE, CAMEROON". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n. 5 (31 maggio 2021): 775–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12903.

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In order to optimize gold prospecting in the Meiganga zone located in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon, aeromagnetic and remote sensing prospecting was carried out in the eastern and southern parts. The remote sensing approach on a Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image highlighted areas of maximum gold concentration. Thus, ferric ion bearing minerals are located in the North-West, silicate minerals bearing ferrous ions are in the Centre while clay minerals are in the North-East and East. The principal component analysis revealed important structural information. The PCA Spatial Map (PC1, PC2, PC3) showed the plutonic formations composed of anatexis and anatexis granites, vegetation cover (at the date of image acquisition: February 22, 2019), areas of permanent water circulation or accumulation, and metamorphic and sedimentary formations namely gneisses, quartzites, schists and superficial clay formations. A Landsat SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) image was also used to enhance the lineaments through the Sobel filter to highlight the geomorphological (cliffs, valleys, ...) and topographic (river network, ridge and drainage segment) structures. The aeromagnetic approach was also important. The study of the modified magnetic field (CM) showed 4 ranges: very high, high, medium and low. The Total Magnetic Anomalies (TMI) of the area are subdivided into 2 ranges large positive anomalies (221.1-103.0 nT) located in the lower part of NE-SW orientation, small positive anomalies (103.0-(-)89.7 nT) located in the upper part of NE-SW orientation. The reduced total magnetic anomaly at the equator shows a fairly similar distribution to the total magnetic anomaly with the large positive anomalies in almost the entire lower part. Superimposed on the geological map, Neoproterozoic pre- to syn-tectonic granitoids (C) are superimposed on the large positive anomalies and Neoproterozoic conglomerates, quartzites, sedimentary shales and volcanosedimentary rocks (A) and Neoproterozoic syn-tectonic granitoids (B) are superimposed on the large and small positive anomalies. The grid of the reduced residual equatorial anomaly (ARRE) confirms that the local geology is strongly magnetic (gneiss and quartzite). The filters of the derivatives allowed to establish a map of magnetic lineaments of major orientation N045Ã‚Â° and minor orientation N130Ã‚Â°. The horizontal gadient superimposed on the local maxima showed the presence of deep structures oriented NE-SW. The analytical signal superimposed on the local maxima highlights the metamorphic basement consisting of rocks with strong magnetism. The application of Euler deconvolution localizes the depth of the sources of linear anomalies.

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Ajong, Atem Bethel, Bruno Kenfack, Innocent Mbulli Ali, Martin Ndinakie Yakum, Ukaogo Prince Onydinma, Fulbert Nkwele Mangala, Loai Aljerf e Phelix Bruno Telefo. "Ionised and total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy: An analysis of prevalence and risk factors in a resource-limited setting, Cameroon". PLOS ONE 17, n. 5 (18 maggio 2022): e0268643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268643.

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Introduction Hypocalcaemia remains a prevalent laboratory finding in pregnancy, capable of inducing adverse maternofoetal outcomes. This study compares the prevalence of hypocalcaemia in apparently healthy pregnant women from the ionised, and total calcaemia viewpoints and further identifies factors associated with total crude and ionised hypocalcaemia in pregnancy. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and September 2021, targeting apparently healthy pregnant women received in late pregnancy in four maternities in the Nkongsamba Health District, Cameroon. Blood samples were collected and analysed for serum ionised calcium concentrations and pH (by ion-selective electrode potentiometry), and for total calcium and albumin concentration (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Sociodemographic, obstetric and nutritional data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results The average age of the 1074 participants included in the study was 28.20±6.08 years. The prevalence of total crude and total albumin-corrected hypocalcaemia in this study was 61.64 [58.69–64.50]% and 56.70 [53.72–59.64]%, respectively (p-value = 0.000). The prevalence of ionised hypocalcaemia was very low (2.89 [2.04–4.07]%) compared with the prevalence of total hypocalcaemia (p-value = 0.000). Monthly income below 100.000FCFA (179 USD) (AOR = 0.73, p-value = 0.024), taking more than 2 meals daily (AOR = 0.68, p-value = 0.006) and taking desserts (AOR = 0.73, p-value = 0.046) reduced the odds of total crude hypocalcaemia, while having banana/plantain and tubers as the content of their most consumed meal significantly increased the odds of total crude hypocalcaemia (AOR = 1.37, p-value = 0.012). Single women (AOR = 2.54, p-value = 0.021), with a higher education (AOR = 3.27, p-value = 0.017), who initiated antenatal care before 4 months (AOR = 2.47, p-value = 0.029), had their odds of ionised hypocalcaemia significantly increased. On the other hand, women below 30 years (AOR = 0.44, p-value = 0.039), with occupations other than housewife (AOR = 0.34, p-value = 0.027), and women who took desserts between meals (AOR = 0.45, p-value = 0.034) had their odds of ionised hypocalcaemia significantly reduced. Taking calcium supplements simultaneously with other supplements also significantly reduced the odds of total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy (OR = 0.69, p-value = 0.027). Conclusion Ionised hypocalcaemia in pregnancy is a rare finding. Only 2.89% of all apparently healthy pregnant women have ionised hypocalcaemia in late pregnancy, while 56.70% have total hypocalcaemia. Factors like the daily number of meals, taking of desserts, the content of the most consumed meal and monthly revenue significantly affect the prevalence of total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy. On the other hand, factors like age above 30 years, having a higher education, being single, having initiated antenatal care before 4 months of pregnancy, being a housewife and not taking desserts between meals have a significantly positive association with ionised hypocalcaemia.

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Uchendu, Adaeze, e Enitome Bafor. "Pepper fruit (Dennettia tripetala [annonaceae]) seed inhibits uterine contractions via blockade of intracellular calcium release and extracellular calcium influx in ex vivo studies". Journal of Current Biomedical Research 3, n. 3, May-June (30 giugno 2023): 1031–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v3i3.6.

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Dennettia tripetala (DT) is a tree found in rain forest belt of Nigeria, Cameroon and Ivory Coast. The seed is commonly used in preparing food for mothers after delivery because it is believed to play a role in postpartum uterine contraction. There is however no scientific evidence validating this claim. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the effects of DT seed on non-pregnant and pregnant uterus using mouse model. The dried seeds of DT were macerated in methanol and the effects of DT extract were investigated on uterus tissues isolated from non-pregnant and pregnant mice. DT extract was examined on spontaneous uterine contraction, contractions induced by oxytocin, and high potassium chloride (KCl)-induced depolarization. Its effect was also evaluated on calcium ion (Ca2+) release from internal stores. The DT extract suppressed spontaneous uterine contractility in both pregnant and non-pregnant uterus in a concentration-dependent manner. It significantly inhibited uterine contractions elicited by high KCl and oxytocin-induced contractions in both pregnant and non-pregnant uterus. The extract also inhibited uterine contractility induced by oxytocin in the Ca2+-free medium in pregnant and non-pregnant uterus. The study has provided scientific evidence that DT seed extract has uterine relaxing effect in both pregnant and non-pregnant mouse uterus possibly by blocking intracellular Ca2+ released and influx of extracellular Ca2+. The result has shown that DT has no benefit in reducing the risk of post-partum hemorrhage, however, it may have potential benefits in management of dysmenorrhea and preterm labour in non-gravid and gravid uteri respectively.

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Toteu, Sadrack Félix, Joseph Penaye, Etienne Deloule, William Randall Van Schmus e Rigobert Tchameni. "Diachronous evolution of volcano-sedimentary basins north of the Congo craton: Insights from U–Pb ion microprobe dating of zircons from the Poli, Lom and Yaoundé Groups (Cameroon)". Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, n. 4-5 (aprile 2006): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.011.

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Sotade, Gabriel Akinwale, Samuel Ifidon Ojeaburu, Ozi Salami Abdulrahim Onimisi, Ahmed U. Otokiti, Paul Temidayo Duile, Ayotunde Sherif Azees, Rotimi Elijah Abioye e Victor A. C. Biodun. "Proximate, Phytochemical and Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of the Carbonated Drink (Soft drink) Extract of Enantia chlorantha Stem Bark". Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences 12, n. 2 (7 giugno 2024): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2024/v12i2223.

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Enantia chlorantha (EC) is a dense forest tree found in the Eastern and Southern forests of Cameroon, Southern part of Nigeria, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Angola (Cabinda) and DR Congo (Province Bas-Congo) and it is mostly used for the treatment of malaria and typhoid fever. Despite its widespread use, the phytochemical and the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis remains largely undetermined. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the phytochemical composition of EC. The proximate and phytochemical tests were carried out using standard methods while the identification and the quantification of the bioactive components were determined by GC-MS single-phase ion mode and the spectra from THE detected compounds were matched with known compounds of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The proximate analysis reveals that the plant is richest in crude fibre (47.30 ± 0.54% by dry mass), followed by total carbohydrate (28.13 ± 0.43%), crude protein (9.67 ± 0.32%), moisture content (8.30 ± 0.54%), ash content (3.00 ± 0.24%) and lastly lipids (1.60 ± 0.04%). The qualitative phytochemical composition reveals the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and trace amount of tannins. Forty-seven (47) bioactive chemical constituents and forty (40) fatty acid compounds were identified by GC-MS. These include Oleic acid (17.70 %), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.31%), 1-Hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane (3.71%), Kauran-18-al, 17-(acetyloxy)-, (4. beta.) - (3.05%) as the predominant. The study revealed that Enantia chlorantha could be a useful source of nutrients and the bioactive chemical constituents may serve as potential drug target needed for drug discovery and development to cure a particular ailment and the brand of the carbonated drink may also be used as solvent of choice apart from water and alcohol.

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Ajong, Atem Bethel, Bruno Kenfack, Innocent Mbulli Ali, Martin Ndinakie Yakum, Loai Aljerf e Phelix Bruno Telefo. "Hypocalcaemia and calcium intake in pregnancy: A research protocol for critical analysis of risk factors, maternofoetal outcomes and evaluation of diagnostic methods in a third-category health facility, Cameroon". PLOS ONE 15, n. 11 (5 novembre 2020): e0241812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241812.

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Introduction Hypocalcaemia in pregnancy remains a major health issue, particularly in the developing world where daily calcium intakes are suboptimal. This electrolyte imbalance can lead to severe maternofoetal and childhood consequences. Calcium supplementation, amongst others, contributes significantly to meeting calcium demands in pregnancy. With ionised calcaemia as the gold standard for diagnosis, total calcaemia and albumin-corrected calcaemia in other pathological states have been found to overestimate the burden of hypocalcaemia. The main objectives of this study are to describe the blood calcium level (total, albumin corrected, and ionised calcaemia) and associated maternofoetal outcomes while identifying determinants of calcium supplementation and ionised hypocalcaemia. This study will also evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of albumin corrected calcaemia as a diagnostic tool for hypocalcaemia (ionised calcaemia as the gold standard) among pregnant women in the Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Methods Our study will target a total of 1067 term pregnant women who shall be included consecutively into the study as they arrive the maternity of the Nkongsamba Regional Hospital for their last antenatal care visit. Data shall be collected using a semi-structured interview-administered questionnaire and blood samples collected for total plasma calcium, albumin and serum ionized calcium assays. Additional data will be collected at birth (maternal and foetal variables; foetal outcomes evaluated as secondary outcomes). Total calcaemia and albuminemia shall be measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while ionised calcaemia will be measured by ion-selective electrode potentiometry(using MSLEA15-H electrolyte analyzer) per standard BIOLABO and MSLEA15 protocols, respectively. Data will be analysed using the statistical softwares epi-Info version 7.2.2.16 and STATA version 16. Expected research outcome This study will present a more precise estimate of the burden of hypocalcaemia in late pregnancy as well as identify and analyse the different factors associated with calcium supplementation and ionised hypocalcaemia among term pregnant women in a developing world setting. Maternofoetal outcomes associated with hypocalcaemia will be determined as well as the sensitivity and specificity of total and albumin-corrected calcaemia in diagnosing hypocalcaemia. Our findings will contribute significantly to designing or strengthening interventions to control this electrolyte imbalance.

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Charles, Dakole Daboy, Okala Bouillong Noelly Manuela, Molemb Nemeté Aristide, Fonkoua Martin, Dongmo Lekagne Joseph Blaise e Nguefack Julienne. "Characterization of Compost Made from Chicken Droppings and Fish Bones, and Its Application to Tomato Cultivation". Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 22, n. 2 (17 maggio 2023): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2436.

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The effect of compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones on soil quality and tomato production was evaluated. The soil of Bokito (Central Region-Cameroon) was amended with four variants C1, C2, C3 and C4 of compost at 5%, 10%, and 15% compost/soil (w/w). The experimental device was completely randomized en bloc with 5 repetitions for each treatment. The physicochemical, biological and biochemical parameters of compost and amended soils, as well as tomato production were evaluated. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained with C3 (1.96g/Kg) and C2 (0.42 g/Kg; 0.08 g/Kg) respectively. The different compost variants had a C/N ratio between 21.88 (C1) and 30.27 (C2) and their pH was basic. They were rich in exchangeable ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) and poor in heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu). A significant increase in the C/N ratio was noted in all the amended soils compared to the unamended soil. It varied from 12.50±0.10 (unamended soil) to 30.55±2.04 (C1 10%). Exchangeable ion concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) were higher in amended soils. The bacterial biomass varied from 347 x 105UFC/g (C4) to 609 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (100 x105UFC/g). The fungal biomass varied from 470 x105UFC/g (C1) to 781 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (120 x105UFC/g). The 15% C2 component presented the highest cellulase and protease activities with values 3 and 9 times higher than the unamended soil respectively. The compost variants C2 and C1 (15%) were generally more productive with respective values of 85 and 69 fruits, the tomato amended with the chemical fertilizer having given 24 fruits. These results show that compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones could contribute to the development of green manure to enrich the soil, thus improving tomato production.

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Cameron, E. "Gordon Ian Cameron". BMJ 347, oct29 34 (29 ottobre 2013): f2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f2753.

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Riding, J. E., e R. S. Jones. "Ian Cameron Geddes". BMJ 341, aug05 1 (5 agosto 2010): c3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3831.

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Chance, Emmanuel Aoudi, Gudmund Ågotnes e Karin Anna Petersen. "The traditional care culture and the Western nursing culture in Cameroon". International Journal of Nursing Practice 25, n. 2 (13 novembre 2018): e12712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12712.

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Sebag, Saul, e Ian Cameron. "Optician Awards 2015: Contact lens practitioner winner". Optician 2016, n. 3 (marzo 2016): 139766–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.3.139766.

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Oben, Dr Agbor Emmanuel,. "ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES IN USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING IN STATE UNIVERSITIES IN CAMEROON". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 6, n. 6 (1 giugno 2024): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue06-29.

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This study on assessing the challenges in using digital technologies in teaching and learning in state universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the challenges faculty and students face in the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning in state universities in Cameroon. Four specific research questions guided the study – What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of LMS in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of Video Conference Platforms in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty members face in the use of Microsoft PowerPoint in teaching in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of smart devices in state universities in Cameroon? The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour or product does not happen simultaneous in a social system; rather it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis’ (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use; its actual usage increases. The researcher adopted a survey design in a qualitative study method. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final year undergraduate students of eight long existing state universities in Cameroon. Using Kothari and Garg (2014), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight universities were selected to make up the sample size comprising 386 final year undergraduate students and 20 teachers. Stratified purposive sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used in the study. An online Google form alongside an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The qualitative data collected were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study showed that Poor internet connection, distractions, and frequent power cuts, were the dominant challenges reported by teachers and students in the use of digital technologies in teaching in state universities in Cameroon. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Government could cause telecommunications companies to improve on their quality of services rendered, as well as reduce the cost of internet. The Government can also diversify energy supply sources to include solar energy in universities Campuses to mitigate the effects of frequent power outages.

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FEMBA, Serge Decroly. "Exploratory Analysis of Regional Disparities in Human Development in Cameroon". JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 05, n. 10 (22 ottobre 2022): 3002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-21.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the link between geographic location and the level of human development in Cameroon. To achieve that objective, we use Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques on regional human development indices (HDI) in Cameroon from 2001 to 2014. The Moran test confirms the presence of a positive and significant global spatial autocorrelation of the regional human development indices. Thus, the values of the regional human development index in Cameroon are not randomly distributed. There is thus spatial clustering of regions with similar HDI levels. The spatial dependence of the regional HDI in Cameroon suggests cooperation and synergy of action by the regions within the framework of their competences resulting from decentralization, in order to take advantage of the spatial diffusion effects of human development. The Cameroonian government could pursue geo-targeting policies in the implementation of development programs, focusing on regions where spatial externalities would have a greater impact.

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Thierry, Belinga, Zhou Jun, Wei Long, Gahe Zimy Samuel Yannick e Ngomah Le Temps. "Perception of Palm Oil Clusters Development in Cameroon". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, n. 3 (2017): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.23.3005.

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The aim of this research paper is to find the factors that influence the development of palm oil clusters in Cameroon using a survey made among 296 individuals. From the regression model, we find that palm oil production, agribusiness schools, market development, palm wine production and clusters development by area have a negative and significant impact on palm oil clusters development in Cameroon, implying that the government and financial institutions have to do more in order to have the palm oil clusters well developed in Cameroon.

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Davis, John Aspley. "Ian Cameron-Stephen 1914–1998". Australian Veterinary Journal 76, n. 11 (novembre 1998): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12311.x.

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Cameron, Ian. "Seven Ways: Steps to improve toric contact lens fittings". Optician 2021, n. 2 (febbraio 2021): 234235–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2021.2.234235.

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Nkemleke, Daniel. "Researching the research article in Cameroon English". Brno Studies in English 40, n. 1 (2014): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2014-1-9.

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Cameron, Ian. "Seven Ways: How to get the principles of myopia management across". Optician 2021, n. 4 (aprile 2021): 236723–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2021.4.236723.

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Cameron, Ian. "What can we do for AMD?" Optician 2020, n. 6 (giugno 2020): 228332–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2020.6.228332.

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Cameron, Ian. "Theory into practice". Optician 2019, n. 10 (ottobre 2019): 219914–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2019.10.219914.

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Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo, Mathieu, Moustapha Fofana e Fanny Kabwe Omoyi epse Essomme. "Firm size and pro-environmental behavior in Cameroon". Environmental Economics 14, n. 1 (10 maggio 2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.14(1).2023.05.

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Previous studies indicate a lack of analysis of pro-environmental behavior adoption in enterprises of various sizes. Very small enterprises, especially in the informal sector, have always been overlooked in the literature, although they are in the majority in most countries. This paper aims to examine the effects of firm size on pro-environmental behavior adoption in Cameroon. The analysis focuses on a sample of 141,926 firms drawn from the Second General Census of Enterprises (RGE-2) in Cameroon (NIS, 2018). The study adopted a statistical and econometrical approach based on the logit model. The results showed that the adoption of pro-environmental behavior increases with firm size. The probability of having a health, safety, and environment system increases by 16.70 points in large enterprises compared to 8.40 points in small enterprises. The probability of having a wastewater management system increases by 5.30 points in large enterprises compared to 2.30 points in small enterprises. The probability of having an air pollution management system increases by 2.20 points in large enterprises compared to 1.50 points in small enterprises. However, company size does not significantly influence the adoption of a solid waste management system. It is recommended to (i) raise awareness among large companies of the challenges of environmental protection and to strengthen controls on compliance with environmental standards, and (ii) to implement actions aimed at the migration of companies from the informal to the formal sector.

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A, Tagne Tadié. "Physicochemical evaluation and microbiological properties of artisanal Yoghurt sold in Maroua-Cameroon". Food Science & Nutrition Technology 6, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000245.

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Malnutrition remains a real health problem in the Far North Region of Cameroon despite the presence of many food commodities. The objective of this work was to evaluate physicochemical and microbiological properties of ten artisanal yoghurt (kossam) sold in Maroua-Cameroun. Proximate composition, viscosity and titratable acidity were determined by standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Mineral contents: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and phosphorus by Murphy Riley reagent. The microbiological analyses were carried out following the standard protocols. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the levels of the parameters analysed in the different yoghurt samples (p<0.05). The results of this study revealed for all the samples an acid pH (3.20 - 4.37); titratable acidity (2.01-2.74% ); viscosity (1.32-1.51). Other contents per 100g fresh matter are as fellow: Moisture (87.29- 92.45%); Protein (2.02-3.72g); Carbohydrate (4% for all the samples); ashes (0.28-0.49g); calcium (74-113mg); magnesium (4-20mg); zinc (0,117-0,333mg); potassium (60.4-165mg); sodium (10- 17,25mg); iron (0.034-0.088mg) and phosphorus (51-80mg). The microbiological analyses revealed that fungal flora were only detected in few samples (1.2-4.47 log10cfu/ml); Total aerobic mesophilic flora (4.36 -9 log10cfu/ml); Staphylococcus (1.30-5.31 log10cfu/ml) and total coliforms (1- 3 log10cfu/ml). These yoghurts could therefore contribute nutrients for human nutrition and for the management of some nutritional diseases.

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Njoda Mathurin, Tchakounté, e MBAM Ulrich Gaetan. "Labour Force Participation of Cameroonians in Informal Sector". International Journal Of Innovation And Economic Development 2, n. 2 (2015): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.22.2005.

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In this paper, we analyze the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of informal workers in Cameroon. We also estimate the effects of some determining factors on LFP decisions. We use data from the Cameroon National Institute of Statistics (CNIS), a three-wave panel obtained respectively in 2001, 2005 and 2010 for a sample of individuals in the labour market. The sample data of the national population is representative. All information’s on demographic, socioeconomic and employment characteristics used in this study are provided by the CNIS database. It is particularly remarkable that the LFPR in informal sector increased substantially during latest years, particularly those of young workers. This rise in the LFPR is principally explained by the significant increase in the labour-market activity of the urban younger generation which has been improved by migration. Estimating a simple model of LFP with logistic methodology, we find that poverty, age and urbanization are significantly related with LFPR of informal labour market in Cameroon.

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Oben, AgborEmmanuel, Endeley Margaret Nalova e Frederick Ashu Ebot. "ADOPTING SMART DEVICES IN TEACHING FOR THE ACQUISITION OF 21ST CENTURY EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS BY STUDENTS IN STATE UNIVERSITIES IN CAMEROON". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 5, n. 9 (1 settembre 2023): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume05issue09-07.

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This study on adopting smart devices in teaching for the acquisition of 21st century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the extent to which the use of smart devices in teaching can enhance the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in state universities in Cameroon. Two research questions guided the study: - To what extent is the use of smart phones in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? To what extent is the use of Laptops in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? It was hypothesized that the use of smart devices in teaching does not significantly enhance students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills in state universities in Cameroon.The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour, or product does not happen simultaneously in a social system; rather, it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use, its’ actual usage increases. The study adopted an exploratory sequential research design in a mixed-methods study. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final-year undergraduate students of eight state universities in Cameroon. Using Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight long existing state universities in Cameroon, were selected to make up the sample size, comprising 386 final-year undergraduate students, and 20 teachers. The stratified purposive sampling, and purposive sampling techniques were adopted for the study. Online Google forms alongside a paper questionnaire, and an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman rho test was used to test the hypotheses and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for regression analysis. The qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings of the study showed that the use of smart phones and laptops in teaching had a significant, moderate, and positive impact on students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills (r- value = 0.418**, p-value 0.000< 0.05) in state universities in Cameroon. In conclusion, the findings of the study showed that smart devices do not only help students in information sourcing but enhanced their communication skills, critical thinking & problem solving skills, creativity and team working skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the state should make teaching with smart devices a policy in state universities and university teachers should be encouraged to use of smart Phones and Laptops in teaching to enhance students’ acquisition of 21st century employability. It was also recommended that government should take appropriates measure to resolve the energy crisis, internet disruptions and training challenges both teachers and students are currently facing.

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(Ph.D), Bisong Clara Bate Ashu Mbuoben. "Women and Peace Building in Cameroon: Issues and Perspectives". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (30 giugno 2018): 1864–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14485.

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Anya Saturnin Bertrand, Nguenda, e Koumou Landry Etienne. "Increasing the productivity of manufacturing firms in Cameroon in a sustainable way: Renewable or non-renewable energy?" Environmental Economics 13, n. 1 (27 settembre 2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.13(1).2022.03.

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The question of what energy form should guarantee firm productivity in the future is becoming increasingly important, considering the risk that the gradual depletion of the world’s non-renewable energy reserves poses to the continuity of productivity. This study aims to assess the effect of individual energy forms on productivity growth of manufacturing firms in Cameroon. This paper uses a two-stage stochastic frontier method to determine the energy form that is most likely to ensure the continuity of the productivity of manufacturing firms in Cameroon in the next few years. The data for the study came from the Annual Enterprise Surveys (EAE) conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Cameroon (NIS) from 2012 to 2019. The analysis data constitute a panel of 288 representative firms. Factors that primarily explain firm productivity were value-added, renewable and non-renewable energy, capital, labor, and raw materials. The study analyzed the entire manufacturing industry, agri-food sector, and other manufacturing industries. Despite being a group estimate, individual firms are taken into account. Across the manufacturing industry in Cameroon, the results indicate that renewable energy is the most advantageous form. Indeed, this form would cause a 9.27% increase in productivity for a one percentage point increase. However, as the impact coefficients are insignificant, it is difficult to assess the contribution of non-renewable energy to firm productivity. Acknowledgments The authors would like to sincerely thank Atanase Yene for his invaluable support in this work, helpful comments, and suggestions on the previous draft of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies, and views are the authors’ sole responsibility.

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Mfewou, Abdoulay. "Ethnic groups, land tenure systems and agricultural spatial injustice in Cameroon". Applied Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjhss20180101009.

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This article presents the territorial origins of ethnic groups in different regions and their customary land tenure in Cameroon. Between laws and realities, the social and cultural analysis of each group shows the connection between customary land allocation mechanisms to rural development stakeholders’ activities and, the injustice during land allocation which results in discrimination always towards women. These modes of allocation, that is, referred to as ancient ethno-social norms are evolving in each group in Cameroon. With the current demographic context which is increasing (at a rate of 3% per annum), land has become rents by notabilities. This land discrimination against women practiced by the co-heirs of land is part of a strategy to challenge public authorities on their mission to ensure the promotion of social equality in collaboration with traditional leaders in order to reduce this injustice. Agricultural spatial justice is about economic efficiency and productivity, of course, but also about social peace between genders. Keywords: Agriculture, Cameroon, Ethnicity, Spatial Injustice, Land Tenure Systems, Land.

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Nseke, Pisso. "Social Media a Two-Edged Sword to E-Governance: The Role of Social Media in Cameroon’s Democracy". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, n. 2 (2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.32.3005.

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The aim of the paper is to provide information about the application of social media tools in e-governance of Cameroon. The review of the literature shows that social media tools have a huge potential to be used in the context of e-governance and it offers several benefits such as transparency, easy and wide dissemination of information about the activities of government and many others. However, there are still some countries which have not taken full advantage of benefits offered by social media in the context of e-governance. Although there are a number of countries including Cameroon which has adopted usage of social media tools in e-governance, the interaction and engagement of customers to e-governance systems is rather limited and needs further development. This paper aims to provide information about the current state of e-governance in Cameroon which is explained by the framework of social media policy which consists of eight important elements.

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Wujung, Vukenkeng Andrew, e Mukete Emmanuel Mbella. "Entrepreneurship and poverty reduction in Cameroon: A Vector Autoregressive approach". Archives of Business Research 2, n. 5 (30 settembre 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.25.345.

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Belinga, Thierry, Jun Zhou e Guohui Hu. "Government Expenditure on Rural Development and Economic Growth in Cameroon". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, n. 1 (2017): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2007.

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This paper examines the impact of government investment in rural development on economic growth in Cameroon during the period 2000-2015. After computing the government investment in rural areas using the annual total amount invested in the ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development added to the budget allocated to the ministry of farming, animal and husbandry, we run a regression model with the ordinary least squares method to find that despite the measures taken by the government to improve the socio-economic life of rural people, there is no significant impact of the Rural Investment on the Economic Growth in Cameroon, implying that the government should implement some strategic policies that will enable the rural people to produce more and have a consistent impact on the overall national production growth.

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Valentinus Batapaka, Namolongo. "The Role of Local Authorities in Conflict Resolution and Crisis in Cameroon". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n. 5 (5 maggio 2023): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23427161700.

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Saidou, Ibrahima. "Soil Constraints to Urban Agriculture in Valley Beds of Yaoundé (Cameroon)". Journal of Environmental Science and Allied Research 2, n. 1 (5 giugno 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29199/2637-7063/esar-201036.

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Saidou, Ibrahima. "Soil Constraints to Urban Agriculture in Valley Beds of Yaoundé (Cameroon)". Journal of Environmental Science and Allied Research 02, n. 02 (5 giugno 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29199/2637-7063/esar-202023.

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Vera, Shien. "SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND THE PSYCHOSOCIAL MALADJUSTMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CAMEROON". American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 6, n. 7 (1 luglio 2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume06issue07-04.

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Sexual assault is a vice that is alarming in secondary schools in Cameroon. It’s a severe crime and call for concern especially in schools due to vulnerability of students. Nowadays, the rate at which adolescent students are involved in sexual assaults is alarming. They engage in physical, sexual and relational victimisation which may have adverse psychosocial effects on the victims. Though they are diverse forms of victimisation among adolescents such as obvert victimisation, relational, property crime and power imbalance, this paper focuses on how sexual assaults (sexual violence, groping, rape, forced virginal or oral penetration,) leads to psychosocial maladjustment among adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon. Mixed method was used in collecting data. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select a sample which comprised of adolescent students (577), counsellors (12) and discipline masters (12) from some schools in the North West, South West, Centre, and Adamawa Region (613). The instruments used for data collection were a closed-ended questionnaire for students, a focus group discussion with students, and an interview for counsellors and discipline masters/mistresses. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using cross-tabulations, percentages, and multiple response sets. Findings showed that sexual assaults significantly predict psychosocial maladjustment (P < 0.001). The positive sign of the correlation (R= 0.641**) implied that adolescents are more likely to suffer from psychosocial maladjustments. When there was a persistent occurrence of relational victimisation in the school environment. The findings implies that when there is persistent sexual violence, groping, rape, forced virginal or oral penetration from social groups, the victim turn to suffer from psychosocial maladjustment. In order to reduce the adverse effects of sexual victimisation and promote positive psychosocial maladjustments among adolescent the various stakeholders especially parents, teachers, school administrators, and counsellors should play unique roles in organising forums to advice and counsel the students peer victimisation.

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Lemogoum, Daniel, Philippe van de Borne, Michel P. Hermans, Danielle Christiane Kedy Mangamba, Aurel Sikamo, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Marie Solange Ndom Idejen, Jacques Doumbe e William Ngatchou. "Impact of Low Birth Weight on Early Vascular Aging and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Later Life Among Cameroonian Adults". International Journal of Nutrition 5, n. 4 (6 luglio 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3463.

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Background Evidence suggests that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adulthood, including increased arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging (EVA) assessable by pulse wave velocity (PWV), obesity and glucose homeostasis abnormalities. The present study aimed to explore the late impact of LBW on PWV and cardiometabolic phenotypes among young adult Cameroonians. Methods The study evaluated 120 subjects (mean age: 26 ± 5 years; 54% male sex) at the Cameroon Heart Institute, Douala, Cameroon, between January and June 2018. Birth weight (BW) and gestational age, sociodemographic, anthropometrics and fasting capillary blood glucose were recorded in all participants. Blood pressure (BP) and PWV were measured using an automatic oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph®). Multiple-adjusted linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for PWV. For assessment of potential impact of BW on EVA, PWV was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results 28 participants (23.3%) of the study sample had LBW (<3000g). There was no gender difference between LBW or normal birth weight patients (NBW; controls). Age- and MAP-adjusted PWV (aPWV) were higher in women with LBW compared to NBW (5.6 m/s and 5.3 m/s respectively, P = 0.038). In men, aPWV was similar in LBW and NBW. In this study population, aPWV was higher (on average +15 cm/s) in LBW than in controls, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.083). Multivariate regression analysis showed age, male sex, BMI and MAP were independent determinants of PWV, but not LBW. Compared to NBW controls, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes was higher in LBW: 42.9% vs 37%; 10.7% vs 3.3%, and 3.6 % vs 1.1%, respectively. Moreover, compared with controls, LBW individuals who were overweight/obese in adulthood had a much higher mean fasting capillary glucose (1.54 ±0.17 g/l vs 0.87 ±0.11 g/l in NBW, p=0.003). Conclusion This study suggests that although LBW is associated with increased aortic stiffness in young adulthood, mainly in women, the association was predominantly driven by aging, MAP, BMI and male sex. In adulthood, LBW subjects exhibited higher obesity indices and altered glucose homeostasis.

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Besinga Ekane Ayuk, Louis. "Ethnic Diversity and Social Relations in Buea, South West Region of Cameroon". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n. 5 (5 maggio 2023): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23501224201.

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Tayong Takwi, Robert. "Measuring Stock Market Volatility in a Less Developed Economy: Evidence from Cameroon". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n. 3 (5 marzo 2023): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23228143007.

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Younyi, Tigma Maxmillian, Professor Fonkeng Epah George e Dr Sophie Ekume Etomes. "ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGE AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF RELEVANCE IN STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CAMEROON". American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 05, n. 04 (15 aprile 2023): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume05issue04-02.

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This study was designed to examine administrative change and the enhancement of relevance in state higher education system in Cameroon. The study was guided by two objectives which examine how change in administrative policy and administrative skills will enhance the relevance in state higher education system in Cameroon. This is supported by the theory of Fullan who state that that educational change is a process and to begin the change process you must be able to fully involve all human participants (stakeholders) in the change process for a better sustainability. This is supported by the theory of Fullan who state that that educational change is a process and to begin the change process you must be able to fully involve all human participants (stakeholders) in the change process for a better sustainability. The concurrent mixed-methods research design specifically the concurrent triangulation design was adopted for the study. Questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used for the study. The questionnaire consisted of both close and open ended questions for lecturers and post graduate students and interview guide for university administrators (HODs). The sample population for the study was made up of 1,915 lecturers, and 40 administrators (HODs) from the universities of Buea, Yaounde II, Douala, Bamenda, Yaounde I, Dschang, Maroua and Ngaoundere. The purposive and stratified sampling techniques was adopted for the study. Data from close ended questions was analysed using SPSS 23.0, with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools while open ended questions were analysed thematically. The Spearman’s rho was used to test the research hypotheses formulated in the study. Majority of the lecturers (86.4%) agreed that there is a need for change in administrative policy to enhance relevance of Higher Education and a majority of the lecturers (71.3%) equally agreed that there is a need for change in administrative skills to enhance relevance of Higher Education. Hypothetically, there is a significant, positive and moderate relationship between administrative change and the enhancement of relevance in state Universities (R- value 0.207**, p-value < 0.001 < 0.05). Therefore, it was generally recommended that, for the enhancement of relevance in state higher education system in Cameroon orientation services should be organized before admission to enable student understand and make correct chooses. Specifically, in line with change in administrative policy most administrative posts should be elective for a given term of office in order to enable efficiency. Elective positions for HOD, Deans, Directors, Registrar and Vice Chancellors and in line with change in administrative skills, there should be innovation at the level of the administration by bringing in competent personal who will bring about the desired change to better enhance the relevant of HE.

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Moguem Soubgui, Arlette Flore, Wilfred Steve Ndeme Mboussi, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Elisée Libert Embolo Enyegue e Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo. "Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals". PLOS Global Public Health 4, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2024): e0002380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002380.

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Surveillance of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 dynamics is crucial to understanding natural history and providing insights into the population’s exposure risk and specific susceptibilities. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, its predictors, and immunological status among unvaccinated patients in Cameroon. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2022 in the town of Douala. Patients were consecutively recruited, and data of interest were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine Immunoglobin titres (IgM and IgG), interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ELISA, and CD4+ cells by flow cytometry. A total of 342 patients aged 41.5 ± 13.9 years were included. Most participants (75.8%) were asymptomatic. The overall crude prevalence of IgM and IgG was 49.1% and 88.9%, respectively. After adjustment, the seroprevalence values were 51% for IgM and 93% for IgM. Ageusia and anosmia have displayed the highest positive predictive values (90.9% and 82.4%) and specificity (98.9% and 98.3%). The predictors of IgM seropositivity were being diabetic (aOR = 0.23, p = 0.01), frequently seeking healthcare (aOR = 1.97, p = 0.03), and diagnosed with ageusia (aOR = 20.63, p = 0.005), whereas those of IgG seropositivity included health facility (aOR = 0.15, p = 0.01), age of 40–50 years (aOR = 8.78, p = 0.01), married (aOR = 0.21, p = 0.02), fever (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01), and ageusia (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01). CD4+, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were impaired in seropositive individuals, with a confounding role of socio-demographic factors or comorbidities. Although the WHO declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the findings of this study indicate the need for continuous surveillance to adequately control the disease in Cameroon.

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