Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Invoked device"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Invoked device":
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Li, Peng, Chenchen Shu e Jiao Feng. "A Reciprocal-Selection-Based ‘Win–Win’ Overlay Spectrum-Sharing Scheme for Device-to-Device-Enabled Cellular Network". Algorithms 11, n. 11 (6 novembre 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11110179.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper proposes a reciprocal-selection-based ‘Win–Win’ overlay spectrum-sharing scheme for device-to-Device-enabled cellular networks to address the resource sharing between Device-to-Device devices and the cellular users by using an overlay approach. Based on the proposed scheme, the cell edge users intend to lease part of its spectrum resource to Device-to-Device transmission pairs. However, the Device-to-Device users have to provide the cooperative transmission assistance for the cell edge users in order to improve the Quality of Service of the uplink transmission from the cell edge users to the base station. Compared to the underlay spectrum-sharing scheme, overlay spectrum-sharing scheme may reduce spectrum efficiency. Hence, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access technology is invoked at the Device-to-Device transmitter in order to improve the spectrum efficiency. The Stackelberg game is exploited to model the behaviours of the cell edge users and Device-to-Device devices. Moreover, based on matching theory, the cell edge users and Device-to-Device pairs form one-to-one matching and the stability of matching is analysed. The simulation results show that the proposed reciprocal-selection-based ‘Win–Win’ overlay spectrum-sharing scheme is capable of providing considerable rate improvements for both EUs and D2D pairs and reducing transmit power dissipated by the D2D transmitter to forward data for the EU compared with the existing methods.
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Marek, Juraj, Jozef Kozarik, Michal Minarik, Aleš Chvála, Matej Matus, Martin Donoval, Lubica Stuchlikova e Martin Weis. "Charge Trap States of SiC Power TrenchMOS Transistor under Repetitive Unclamped Inductive Switching Stress". Materials 15, n. 22 (19 novembre 2022): 8230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228230.
Abstract (sommario):
Silicon carbide (SiC) has been envisioned as an almost ideal material for power electronic devices; however, device reliability is still a great challenge. Here we investigate the reliability of commercial 1.2-kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs under repetitive unclamped inductive switching (UIS). The stress invoked degradation of the device characteristics, including the output and transfer characteristics, drain leakage current, and capacitance characteristics. Besides the shift of steady-state electrical characteristics, a significant change in switching times points out the charge trapping phenomenon. Transient capacitance spectroscopy was applied to investigate charge traps in the virgin device as well as after UIS stress. The intrinsic traps due to metal impurities or Z1,2 transitions were recognized in the virgin device. The UIS stress caused suppression of the second stage of the Z1,2 transition, and only the first stage, Z10, was observed. Hence, the UIS stress is causing the reduction of multiple charging of carbon vacancies in SiC-based devices.
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Grünbaum, Tobias, Sebastian Milster, Hermann Kraus, Wolfram Ratzke, Simon Kurrmann, Viola Zeller, Sebastian Bange, Christoph Boehme e John M. Lupton. "OLEDs as models for bird magnetoception: detecting electron spin resonance in geomagnetic fields". Faraday Discussions 221 (2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fd00047j.
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Воскобойников, Михаил Леонтьевич, Роман Константинович Федоров e Геннадий Михайлович Ружников. "Automatic definition of web service call zones based on the classification of context of the mobile device". Вычислительные технологии, n. 2 (22 giugno 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2021.26.2.007.
Abstract (sommario):
Предложен метод автоматизации активации устройств Интернета вещей на основе классификации геопозиции мобильного устройства. В отличие от других методов пользователь обучает систему активации устройств с помощью примеров и контрпримеров, что значительно снижает требования к квалификации пользователя. Проведено тестирование метода на таких двух устройствах, как шлагбаум и электромеханический замок двери. Полученные результаты тестирования позволяют судить о работоспособности метода и возможности его использования в системах умного дома и города. Most IoT devices provide an application programming interface such as web service that allows controlling these IoT devices over Internet using a mobile phone. Activation of IoT devices is performed according to the status of user behavior. Both user behavior and activation of IoT devices are periodical. An activation of IoT device is often related with a user geolocation which can be defined by sensors of the mobile device. A method for automated activation of IoT devices based on classification of geolocation of mobile device is proposed. The method implements a supervised learning that simplifies automate activation of IoT devices for the end users. Existing methods demand appropriate end user qualification and require long time to automate activation. For indoor geolocation of the mobile device information from Wi-Fi access points and geolocation GPS sensor is utilized. Data of Wi-Fi and GPS sensors is used to form context of a mobile device. Based on context examples of invoking/not invoking web services the spatial areas are formed. When the mobile device context is within the web service invocation area, the web service is invoked and the associated IoT device is activated. To implement the method, an Android application was developed. The method was tested on a training set that contained 100 training examples of calling two web services: opening an electromechanical door lock and opening a barrier. As a result of testing, the accuracy of classifying the context of a mobile device was 98 percent. The results obtained can be used in the development of smart home and smart city systems.
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Trudeau, Charles, Martin Bolduc, Patrick Beaupré, Patrice Topart, Christine Alain e Sylvain Cloutier. "Inkjet-Printed Flexible Active Multilayered Structures". MRS Advances 2, n. 18 (2017): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.237.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTActive inkjet materials are invoked in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. These types of multilayer assemblies contain a variety of commercially available ink formulations. It is envisioned that a dielectric SU-8 material can be used in a FET-like structure to form an interlayer between conductive silver and semi-conductive MWCNT-doped PEDOT:PSS ink layers. These printed structures may be fabricated onto a polyimide based flexible substrate, for instance. These structures are a starting point for offering valuable information on layer-on-layer printing interactions and interface problematics within a complete inkjet device fabrication.
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Mishra, Arunendra Kumar, e Dr Raghvendra Singh. "Comparative Analysis of RCC Structure with Energy Dissipation Device and Composite Structure". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 12 (31 dicembre 2022): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48203.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The ground movement which occurred naturally and creates disaster to cause damage of the structures is called Earthquake. In the earth’s crust seismic activities occur that creates waves. These waves transmit to structures through foundation. Thus, due to this earthquake movements, inertia force is invoked in structure resulting in damaging the whole or part of structure. Base isolation is the recent development for seismic resistant designs, this may not be totally controlling the ground movement but helps in minimising the impact of ground movement. Base isolation enables in reduction of earthquake forces by lengthening the period of vibration of structure. Also, the structural response accelerations are less than the ground acceleration because of Base isolation.
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Khatter, Kiran, e Sapna Malik. "Ranking and Risk Factor Scheme for Malicious applications detection and Classifications". International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 9, n. 3 (luglio 2018): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2018070104.
Abstract (sommario):
Being an open source operating system, android mobiles are attacked by hundreds of malware every year. Moreover, malware are using many veiled techniques that makes it difficult to detect them. Android official markets and the Google Play Store are also not left untouched by malware. This article presents the Ranking and Risk Factor Scheme (RRFS), a hybrid intrusion detection technique for Android devices for the detection of malicious android applications. Ranking and risk factor schemes perform an analysis of Android permissions requested and system calls invoked features by ranking these features with some criteria and calculating the risk factor of each application for the detection and classification of malicious applications of 81 malware families. In the results, the ranking and risk factor scheme outperforms several related approaches and has the detection and classification performance of 99.2% and 88.7%, respectively and proved fast, an energy-efficient technique for resource constraint mobile device
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Harper, Richard, Sean Rintel, Rod Watson e Kenton O’Hara. "The ‘interrogative gaze’". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 27, n. 3 (2 ottobre 2017): 319–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.3.02har.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper identifies salient properties of how talk about video communication is organised interactionally, and how this interaction invokes an implied order of behaviour that is treated as ‘typical’ and ‘accountably representative’ of video communication. This invoked order will be called an interrogative gaze. This is an implied orientation to action, one that is used as a jointly managed interpretative schema that allows video communication to be talked about and understood as rationally, purposively and collaboratively undertaken in particular, ‘known in common’ ways. This applies irrespective of whether the actions in question are prospective (are about to happen) or have been undertaken in the past and are being accounted for in the present or are ‘generally the case’ – in current talk. The paper shows how this constitutive device also aids in sense making through such things as topic management in video-mediated interaction, and in elaborating the salience of the relationship between this and the patterned governance of social affairs – viz, mother-daughter, friend-friend – as normatively achieved outcomes. It will be shown how the interrogative gaze is variously appropriate and consequentially invoked not just in terms of what is done in a video call or making such calls accountable, but in helping articulate different orders of connection between persons, and how these orders have implications for sensible and appropriate behaviour in video calling and hence, for the type of persons who are involved. This, in turn, explains how a decision to avoid using video communication is made an accountably reasonable thing to do. The relevance of these findings for the sociology of everyday life and the philosophy of action are explored.
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Kim, Eun-jin, e Massimo Capoccia. "Synergistic Model of Cardiac Function with a Heart Assist Device". Bioengineering 7, n. 1 (19 dicembre 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7010001.
Abstract (sommario):
The breakdown of cardiac self-organization leads to heart diseases and failure, the number one cause of death worldwide. The left ventricular pressure–volume relation plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. Lumped-parameter models combined with pressure–volume loop analysis are very effective in simulating clinical scenarios with a view to treatment optimization and outcome prediction. Unfortunately, often invoked in this analysis is the traditional, time-varying elastance concept, in which the ratio of the ventricular pressure to its volume is prescribed by a periodic function of time, instead of being calculated consistently according to the change in feedback mechanisms (e.g., the lack or breakdown of self-organization) in heart diseases. Therefore, the application of the time-varying elastance for the analysis of left ventricular assist device (LVAD)–heart interactions has been questioned. We propose a paradigm shift from the time-varying elastance concept to a synergistic model of cardiac function by integrating the mechanical, electric, and chemical activity on microscale sarcomere and macroscale heart levels and investigating the effect of an axial rotary pump on a failing heart. We show that our synergistic model works better than the time-varying elastance model in reproducing LVAD–heart interactions with sufficient accuracy to describe the left ventricular pressure–volume relation.
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Damkliang, Kasikrit, Jarutas Andritsch, Krittamate Khamkom e Nanida Thongthep. "A System for Sleepwalking Accident Prevention Utilizing the Remote Sensor of Wearable Device". ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 13, n. 2 (14 marzo 2020): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2019132.184442.
Abstract (sommario):
Sleepwalking is a type of sleep disorder which originates during deep sleep and results in walking state and performing series of complex behaviors or actions while sleeping. In some cases, sleepwalking patients can injure themselves from their actions such as driving a car or climbing out of a window. In addition, to wake up the sleepwalkers can be difficult. The suddenly waking up and can cause them to be confused or even attack the person who wakes them. Therefore, detecting the sleepwalking incident in an early state can help the caretaker or family members to stop the patients before they harm themselves from any strange, inappropriate, or violent behaviors. In this research, we present a prototype system of sleepwalking detection algorithm and notification system using smart device which work coordinating with wearable device. There are two main groups of users; patients and caretakers. User Activity Sensor (UAS) in the wearable device is utilized for detecting User Activity Data (UAD) which is unusual activities of inducing a sleepwalking patient provided by the Remote Sensor SDK. The system returns the patient UAD states consisting of standing, walking, and running. The smart device accepts the UAD states from the wearable device, performs sleepwalking detection algorithms then, alarms caretakers when the sleepwalking state has already invoked. The system is implemented, built, tested and deployed. The threefold experimental measurement of physical user activites have been performed to validate our proposed sleepwalking detection algorithms. The system correctly detects the sleepwalking states and notifies the caretaker.
Tesi sul tema "Invoked device":
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Soly, Raphaël. "La Voix amputée. Destins du Sujet face à la laryngectomie totale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2023.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s'élabore autour d'une recherche questionnant le rapport de l'individu à la voix sous le prisme de son absence. Dans le cadre d'interventions au sein d'un service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, nous avons été confrontés à l'impossibilité de parler des patients lors de nos rencontres qui succédaient une opération chirurgicale à visée curative : la laryngectomie totale (l'ablation du larynx). Le dispositif de l'entretien clinique « classique », oralisé, s'y trouve malmené. C'est à partir de cette constatation que se déploie ce travail de recherche, avec comme questions centrales : quels sont les enjeux d'une telle opération pour le sujet ? Comment entendre le sujet au-delà de sa voix physique ? C'est à partir de la notion d'objet a que développent Jacques LACAN et ses contemporains, et de la pulsion invocante associée, que s'ouvre une possibilité d'entendre le sujet de l'inconscient au travers de nouveaux dispositifs accessibles lors de l'hospitalisation : l'écrit et le geste. Nous posons l'hypothèse que la pulsion invocante, par la perte de la voix que la laryngectomie totale engendre, amène à une rencontre avec cet objet a-voix par le silence vocal postopératoire imposé - rencontre que nous nommons la désirectomie partielle. Nous postulons également que pour sortir de cet état de jouissance nirvanesque, il va y avoir un réinvestissement nécessaire de la pulsion invocante sur des dispositifs tels que l'écrit ou le geste pour que le sujet de l'inconscient puisse se faire entendre et éviter la mort au travers de la jouissance de la retrouvaille. Pour comprendre ces enjeux psychiques, nous allons, au travers de ce travail, confronter la théorie à la clinique de ces sujets dits « laryngectomisés » et tenter d'en faire émerger une analyse de la pulsion invocante au travers de cette clinique silencieuse. Une démarche pathoanalytique dans laquelle nous prendrons également en compte la question du cancer et de son impact sur le sujetThis thesis is developed around a research questioning the relationship of the individual to the voice under the prism of its absence. In the context of interventions within an Oto-Rhino-Laryngology department, we were faced with the impossibility of talking about patients during our meetings following a surgical operation with curative intent: total laryngectomy (larynx removal). The tool of the “classic” clinical interview, oralized, is mistreated there. This research stems from this observation, with the core questions: what are the stakes of such a surgery for the subject? How to hear the subject beyond his physical voice? Using the notion of a object developed by Jacques LACAN and his contemporaries, and the associated invocative drive, leads to the opportunity to hear the subject of the unconscious through new tools available during hospitalization: writing and gesture. We hypothesize that the invocative drive, through the loss of voice consequence of total laryngectomy, leads to an encounter with this a-voice object through the imposed postoperative vocal silence - meeting that we call the partial desireectomy. We also postulate that to get out of this state of nirvanesque jouissance, there will be a necessary reinvestment of the invocative drive on tools such as writing or gesture so that the subject of the unconscious can make himself heard and avoid the death through the enjoyment of the reunion. To understand these psychic issues, we will, through this work, confront the theory with the clinic of these so-called “laryngectomized” subjects and try to bring out an analysis of the invocative drive through this silent clinic. A pathoanalytical approach in which we will also take into account the question of cancer and its impact on the subject
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Cilia, Nadine. "JEux d'écriture(s) sur variations épistémologiques : du dispositif-thèse à la subjectivation de l'expérience doctorale". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC023.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse est le récit d’un cheminement où chaque étape a permis une nouvelle émergence. Nécessité de revenir dans l’après-coup pour expliciter les investissements qui ont été les nôtres dans les objets que nous avons explorés tout au long de cette aventure doctorale, et dans un double mouvement de « re-viens » et « sur-viens », je recouvre le passé d’un regard nouveau, ce déjà là inaccessible à la conscience. Jusqu’à ce jour où les mots ont livré leur secret : après trois années d’errances le « moment » doctoral s’est épanoui dans le lien vécu, perçu, conçu, invitation à laisser filer la ligne d’écriture pour dériver d’un dispositif-thèse qui fixait les conditions d’impossibilité d’une re-connaissance, et condamnait notre expérience de vie à rester le résidu de l’Univers-Cité. Oser la recherche impliquée. Rapport à l’écrit, écriture, les mots, le texte, le « récit qui fait thèse », à la croisée de la rencontre, de l’invention et de la découverte, se dévoile. Il fallait re-penser la thèse à la perspective d’une nouvelle nécessité : la Ligne, lien fécond qui tisse les ponts entre lignes de vie, lignes de fuite, lignes de partage, lignes de conduite, lignes d’écriture… hors lignes qui trace les soubassements de ce travail de recherche, dont le matériau biographique inscrit un corps à corps inédit avec les concepts. Cette ligne d’écriture nous perdra entre « correspondances », journal de recherche, journal d’étonnement et récits de vie. C’est ainsi que l’horizon de la thèse inscrira le pouvoir formateur de l’écriture, une écriture comme instrument d’objectivation de l’expérience, comme mode de pensée permettant la mise en discussion et l’appropriation de savoirsThis thesis is the aftermath story of a journey. It relates how a doctorate has developed into an existential journey. To that end, I had to deviate from what a thesis usually stands for with its limiting terms, as they do not allow the identification of the subject as the object of the research. The "thesis story" presents how the discourse has taken over a life story in the process of the research. I had to re-think the thesis in light of the biographical materials as they emerged facing up to the concepts : daring implied research and facing up to one's own words. This line of writing will lead us into 'correspondences', a research diary, a diary of amazement and life stories. So much so, that the thesis will allow the shaping power of the writing to reflect a way of thinking, discussion and argumentation, as well as new knowledge
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Brown, Carrie Costello. "Computerized voice recognition and environmental control with a person who is severely physically involved and profoundly mentally retarded". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798097/.
Abstract (sommario):
The problem of this study was to conduct a systematic application and evaluation of the appropriateness of a computerized voice control system with a subject having the severe multihandicaps of profound mental retardation, quadriplegia, and limited communication skills. This research was an effort to establish if a computer could compensate for some of the physical limitations of the subject.
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Gretzinger, Sean W. "A Review of Methods and Challenges Involved in Biomanufacturing & Evaluating the Validity of Wrist Worn Pedometers". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1405647788.
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Partridge, Charles Robert. "Concurrent validity of parent reports regarding the family/parenting dimension of a global risk assessment device for court-involved adolescents and their families". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199307174.
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Partridge, Charles. "Concurrent validity of parent reports regarding the family/parenting dimension of a global risk assessment device for court-involved adolescents and their families". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1199307174.
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Llamas, Juan C., e Robin L. Chandler. "PRACTITIONERS' VIEWS ON SERVICE NEEDS FOR JUSTICE INVOLVED YOUTH". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/493.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners’ views of service needs for juveniles involved with the justice system. In the United States, every year there are thousands of youth committed to detention institutions for delinquent acts. As a result, children as young as nine years of age up until adulthood have a difficult time integrating back into the community. In many instances, youth who have been involved with the justice system have a greater likelihood of recidivism due to their inability to adapt to their environment. Further, when youth enter the system, many times they are not receiving the adequate services necessary to decrease recidivism and in turn are faced with multiple encounters with the justice system and with untreated concerns and additional needs.
This study used a qualitative design, conducting face to face interviews with ten justice involved youth practitioners. Participants were asked to explore areas such as, service utilization, recidivism rates, effectiveness of treatment, and barriers to service utilization. The results identified mental health and substance abuse treatment services as the most important needs of justice involved youth. Themes that emerged as important factors to the utilization of treatment services were meaningful relationships, parental support, and mentorship. This study found inadequacies with the process of assessing needs and services within the juvenile justice system. The results suggest a need for better treatment services and competent practitioners to reduce the likelihood of recidivism.
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Michaïe, Sandra. "Experimental study of the fundamental phenomena involved in pool boiling at low pressure". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI040/document.
Abstract (sommario):
L’ébullition est un mode de transfert de chaleur intervenant dans de nombreux systèmes thermiques ou énergétiques de par son efficacité. Dans certains, elle se produit à basse pression. La pression statique induite par la colonne de liquide au-dessus de la surface de formation des bulles n’est alors pas négligeable devant la pression de saturation à la surface libre. Dès lors, la pression et le sous-refroidissement induit ne peuvent plus être considérés homogènes autour des bulles, d’où des inhomogénéités des propriétés thermophysiques dans le fluide. Les influences relatives des forces s’exerçant sur une bulle pendant sa croissance sont modifiées par rapport aux pressions plus élevées : une dynamique de bulles différente apparaît. Ces conditions particulières affectent également les transferts thermiques. L’influence de la pression sur l’ébullition en vase a été étudiée expérimentalement dans le régime de bulles isolées en site unique. L’eau a d’abord été testée sur une large gamme de pressions subatmosphériques. Quatre comportements de dynamique de bulles ont été identifiés d’après la visualisation par caméra rapide. Plusieurs paramètres de la dynamique ont été quantifiés grâce à un traitement d’images adapté appliqué aux vidéos. Pour généraliser le concept d’ébullition à « basse pression » et mieux en appréhender les phénomènes fondamentaux, de nouveaux essais ont été réalisés avec un second fluide, le cyclohexane, choisi pour sa similitude thermodynamique avec l’eau bouillant en deçà de la pression atmosphérique. La comparaison des comportements des deux fluides a permis d’identifier certains paramètres responsables des spécificités du phénomène. En outre, de nouvelles fonctionnalités sont apportées au dispositif expérimental pour – notamment – effectuer la mesure rapide du flux transféré sous la bulle pendant sa croissance, synchroniser ces mesures thermiques avec l’acquisition d’images et étudier des surfaces d’ébullition structurées. Les résultats obtenus sont encourageants pour l’analyse des comportements spécifiques de l’ébullition à basse pression et ses applicationsBoiling is an efficient heat transfer mode used in numerous thermal or energy systems. In some systems boiling takes place at low pressure. The static head of the liquid column over the wall where bubbles nucleate is then not negligible against the saturation pressure at the free surface level. The pressure and the induced subcooling degree therefore cannot be considered as homogeneous around growing bubbles, resulting in non-homogeneous thermophysical properties in the fluid. The relative influence of the forces acting on a growing bubble differs from higher pressure conditions, yielding specific bubble dynamics features. Heat transfer is consequently also affected. The effect of the pressure on pool boiling was experimentally investigated during the isolated bubbles regime taking place from a single activated nucleation site. Experiments were first conducted with water for a wide range of subatmospheric pressures. Four distinct bubble dynamics behaviors were identified through high-speed camera visualizations. An adapted image processing of the recordings enabled the measurement of several bubble dynamics characteristics. In order to generalize the concept of pool boiling at "low pressure" and to get a better understanding of the related fundamental phenomena, new experiments were performed with a second fluid, cyclohexane, chosen from original thermodynamic similarity with water boiling at pressures lower than atmospheric. The comparison of fluids’ behaviors made possible the identification of parameters governing the specific phenomena occurring during boiling at low pressure. Besides, the experimental facility was improved to provide new functionalities. The high-speed measurement of the heat flux transferred under the growing bubble, its synchronization with the high-speed videos images and the study of boiling on enhanced surfaces are in particular made possible. Results are encouraging for a better understanding of the specific behaviors of low pressure boiling and for its future implementation in practical applications
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Chang-yu-yi e 張宇一. "Study on Pandalid shrimp (Plesionika taiwinica) bottom trawl involved with bycatch reduction device". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79579327922454285869.
Abstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
漁業生產與管理研究所
97
In order to reduce the high bycatch rate which influenced the fish resources around Kaoping Canyon waters caused by the shrimp beam trawls, it is necessary to modify the structure of fishing gear properly for fisheries management. This study was protocoled to attach both harden circle-frame with filter-rods and much smaller mesh of outer codend to the anterior of traditional codend for measuring the escape rate. Three intervals were introduced as 17mm, 19mm, and 21mm between the filter-rods in this study. In addition, the running-water tank was used to examine the survival rate of escaped fish in the experimental codend. A total of 14 voyages, 70 experiments were carried out during this research period. The results indicated that the circle-frame put in transverse with filter-rods in 17mm, 19mm and 21mm intervals,the 17mm interval can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 92.04%,and target shrimp loss 33.08%；the 19mm can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 42.57%,and target shrimp loss 43.77%；the 21mm can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 57.00%,and target shrimp loss 11.32%. when the frame put in vertical with filter-rods in 17mm, 19mm and 21mm intervals, 17mm interval can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 67.46%,and target shrimp loss 2.21%；the 19mm can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 71.46%,and target shrimp loss 12.90%；the 21mm can reduce the fishes of bycatch as 59.58%,and target shrimp loss 1.82%.They also conducted the large size fish into upper codend and main target shrimp into inner codend. The escaped fish or shrimp moved into the upper codend had a higher survival rate while a lower rate occurred in outer codend. Hence, using the circle-frame with put in vertical filter-rods in 17mm intervals the less of target shrimp is least and as the circle-frame with put in vertical filter-rods in 17mm intervals is reducing the 67.46％ bycatch rate.
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Han-Bin, Shiu, e 徐漢彬. "Study on sergestid shrimp (Sergia lucens) midwater trawl involved with bycatch reduction device". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59504010493638920417.
Abstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
漁業生產與管理研究所
95
In order to reduce the bycatch rate in sergestid shrimp midwater trawl, and avoid negative influence on fishery resources caused by higher bycatch rate, it was necessary to modify the design of fishing gear for achieving the goal of management on fisheries resources. The panel/grid and open door in upper front of codend which linked obliquely toward upside from its bottom to top were conducted into this study. It changed different obliquely angle to analysis of separative efficiency and escaping rate of bycatch species. A total of fifteen trips was carried out by commercial fishing boat in Kaoping Canyon during July, 2005 to May, 2007. The results are as follows： 1. Comparison of square mesh and different frame structure for separative efficiency： a. The grids has more separative efficiency than square mesh. b. The circle frame with square mesh and with horizontal lines reached obliquely at 80°, main fishing target, Sergia lucens on second inner layer was 60~70% and upper codend was 10~20% respectively. When grids reached obliquely with 60°and 40°, the catch of target species was reducing on second inner layer while it was increasing on upper codend. c. For Non-target larger fish such as Trichiurus lepturus at the same protocol, its catch rate of upper codend was 70~80%. For Other non-target fish such as Benthosema pterotum, it was increasing on upper codend. 2. Considering the Difficulty of Selective Index, the design of circle frame with square mesh and horizontal lines with 80°had the loweret values and were 0.81 and 0.80, respectively. This result suggested when grid change obliquely at 80°, the catch of main fishing target, Sergia lucens losses lesser and segregation of non-target fish and shrimp is better.
Libri sul tema "Invoked device":
1
Oparin, Evgeniy, Andrey Kanaev e Mariya Saharova. SYNCHRONIZATION IN TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02107-1.
Abstract (sommario):
The tutorial presents the basic concepts and definitions in the field of synchronization of communication networks, considers the principles of building synchronization systems, as well as issues of their technical operation and management, including under the influence of attacks by organized intruders.
It is intended for full-time and part-time students of the specialty "Train traffic support systems", specializations "Telecommunication systems and networks of railway transport" and "Radio engineering systems in railway transport", as well as graduate students of the scientific specialty "Systems, networks and devices of telecommunications". It may be useful for engineers involved in the design and operation of synchronization systems and telecommunications systems.
2
Prohorov, Viktor. Semiconductor converters of electrical energy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019082.
Abstract (sommario):
The textbook considers the need, principles and methods of mutual conversion of parameters of electric energy at DC and AC for stationary and Autonomous objects. Features of operation of power electronics elements in specific conditions of their continuous high-frequency switching are described. Low-current control systems that provide the necessary logic for the operation of Executive power devices of converters are considered. A large number of specific practical electrical diagrams of electric energy converters are given.
It is intended for students studying in the direction of 13.03.02 "electric power and electrical engineering". It can be useful for graduate students and specialists involved in the development and operation of electric power converters.
3
Chikurov, Nikolay, e Nikolay Levizi. Construction of discrete-logical control systems for electroautomatics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1852441.
Abstract (sommario):
The textbook discusses engineering methods of analysis and synthesis of discrete logic control systems of industrial mechanisms based on the apparatus of logic algebra and cyclograms of the operation of these mechanisms. New methods have been developed that make it possible to synthesize complex control systems on various element bases fairly quickly. Examples of designing control systems for machine-tool electrical automation devices are given. Students master the methodology of programming logic controllers in the instrumental programming environment of the ISaGRAF 6.5 ASP version using the FBD functional block language.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of mechanical engineering specialties, researchers, as well as specialists involved in the design of discrete logic control systems for various industrial mechanisms.
4
Maksurov, Aleksey. The use of special knowledge in proving cases of crimes and offenses on the Internet. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1915941.
Abstract (sommario):
The monograph examines the use of modern evidentiary capabilities in the legal process, which are available in connection with human activity in the global information space, including new electronic types of evidence. Such evidence is acquired through the application of special knowledge. The legal bases of the application of special knowledge by the bodies carrying out preliminary investigation, as well as the directions of the application of special knowledge in criminal proceedings are disclosed.
Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of proving involvement in crimes (offenses) committed on the Internet. The concept and criminalistic significance of the method of committing crimes using information and telecommunication networks are defined, the objective elements of the method of committing such crimes (place, time, devices, objects of encroachment) are disclosed. Practical aspects of proving in cases of crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks, including the mechanism of trace formation in information networks, etc., are described.
For researchers, lawyers, judges, prosecutors, investigators, employees of security companies and special services involved in the processing of information, its storage and protection.
5
Corsi, Dinora, e Matteo Duni, a cura di. «Non lasciar vivere la malefica». Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-809-3.
Abstract (sommario):
Yet another book on witches and witchcraft? Although numerous, studies on this phenomenon that had such a profound influence on the political, social and religious history of the late Middle Ages and the early modern age in Europe can never be enough. At this time the political regimes were actively involved in the witch hunts, not least the Catholic church which was intensely engaged in developing instruments of control aimed at governing and curbing dissent. The book is broken down into thematic sections – rules, treatises and trials, transmission /possession – which reflect the multiplicity of the scientific proposals that have emerged in recent years, and also represent a conscious preliminary orientation of possible readings. At centre stage of the witchcraft show are the witches and their judges, from the theologians and philosophers to the exorcists. As well as addressing actual events, the book also explores the nature of the beliefs and the way in which they were transmitted in the various social strata, and the phenomenon of diabolical possession which conveyed the message of the presence of the devil in the world.
6
Sandle, Tim. Microbiology and Sterility Assurance in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices: The results of 45 years of scientific and technological development are laid down in these 33 chapters. These chapters, all written by international experts, give a vivid picture of todays pharmaceutical microbiology. The high standard of the chapters makes it an essential reference guide that should be on the shelf of everyone who is involved or interested in this field. A cura di Tim Sandle, Madhu Raju Saghee e Edward Tidswell. New Dehli, New York, London: Business Horizons, 2011.
7
Schneider, Jörg, e Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. 3a ed. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.<p>Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.<p>The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a fi rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.<p>This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.<p>The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.
8
Jones, Charles O. 1. Inventing the presidency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190458201.003.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
The creative work involved in writing the Constitution of the United States in Philadelphia in 1787 has been interpreted and invoked in political and policy debate ever since. “Inventing the presidency” considers how the Founders of the United States tried to create unity in a separated system. Why was the title of president selected? What was the role of president going to look like? How long should the single executive serve? Providing a legislative or lawmaking role for the president was the subject of considerable debate at the beginning. Inventors solve problems: they tinker until they have a workable device. The creation of the presidency was a process of trial and error.
9
Insdorf, Annette. An Eye for an “I”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036859.003.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Philip Kaufman’s cinema is stylistically and philosophically rich, but he has not received the kind of acclaim routinely showered on his peers. One reason is that the movies of directors such as Woody Allen, Robert Altman, or Quentin Tarantino are easier to categorize as belonging to one person. Because Kaufman’s versatility is greater than his recognizability, he is considered less of an auteur. But close analysis of his twelve films reveals a true auteur at work. They are connected first by formal majesty: if Flaubert invoked “le mot juste” (the exact word), Kaufman finds “l’image juste”—the precise cinematic device appropriate to the story. Second, they are linked by an exploration of recurring and resonant themes. No other living American director has so consistently and successfully made movies for adults, tackling sensuality, artistic creation, and manipulation by authorities (governmental as well as technological)....
10
Wright, A. G. Why photomultipliers? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Photon detectors transform information, carried by light, to an electrical analogue. Signals contain information on the time of occurrence and the intensity in terms of the number of photons involved. Photon rates may be constant with time, slowly varying, or transient in the form of pulses. The time response is specified in terms of some property of the pulse shape, such as its rise time, or it may be expressed in terms of bandwidth. Light detector applications fall into two categories: imaging and non-imaging; however, only the latter are considered. Detectors can be further divided into vacuum and solid state devices. Vacuum devices include photomultipliers (PMTs), microchannel plate PMTs (MCPPMTs), and hybrid devices in which a silicon device replaces the discrete dynode multiplier. PIN diodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), pixelated silicon PMTs (SiPMs), and charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are examples of solid state light detectors.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Invoked device":
1
Ma, Ruofei, Bo Li e Gongliang Liu. "Relay-Involved Device-to-Device Communications in LTE Networks". In Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks, 1199–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78262-1_70.
2
Ma, Ruofei, Bo Li e Gongliang Liu. "Relay-Involved Device-to-Device Communications in LTE Networks". In Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32903-1_70-1.
3
Kazuschyk, Kyla. "Get Involved!" In Creating Costumes for Devised Theatre, 119–55. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003181170-6.
4
Mugumya, Levis. "The ‘Covid-19 presidential genre’". In Remedies against the Pandemic, 102–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.102.04mug.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the presidential addresses delivered by the Ugandan president during the Covid-19 lockdown. It invokes genre analysis to examine the nature of the rhetorical moves that characterised the Presidential statements. It also employs critical discourse analysis to examine the linguistic devices that the president invoked during the addresses. Focusing on the extempore narrative episodes emanating from 20 presidential addresses, the chapter explicates the nature of utterances (rebukes, warnings and reassurances) the President made. It demonstrates how the President not only invoked the war rhetoric, metaphors, and proverbs to sustain the attention of his audience but also to explain the science of the new pandemic, justify the continued lockdown and other restrictive measures, and rally support from the citizens.
5
Pattanashetty, Vishal B., Poorvi B. Badiger, Poorvi N. Kulkarni, Aniketh A. Joshi e V. B. Suneeta. "A Survey on Risks Involved in Wearable Devices". In Advances in Data-Driven Computing and Intelligent Systems, 701–16. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3250-4_53.
6
Walker, David J. F., Eric R. Szmuc e Andrew D. Ellington. "Organizing Charge Flow with DNA". In Natural Computing Series, 107–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9891-1_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe seminal recognition by Ned Seeman that DNA could be programmed via base-pairing to form higher order structures is well known. What may have been partially forgotten is one of Dr. Seeman’s strong motivations for forming precise and programmable nanostructures was to create nanoelectronic devices. This motivation is particularly apt given that modern electronic devices require precision positioning of conductive elements to modulate and control electronic properties, and that such positioning is inherently limited by the scaling of photoresist technologies: DNA may literally be one of the few ways to make devices smaller (Liddle and Gallatin in Nanoscale 3:2679–2688 [1]). As with many other insights regarding DNA at the nanoscale, Ned Seeman recognized the possibilities of DNA-templated electronic devices as early as 1987 (Robinson and Seeman in Protein Eng. 1:295–300 [2]). As of 2002, Braun’s group attempted to develop methods for lithography that involved metalating DNA (Keren et al. in Science 297:72–75 [3]). However, this instance involved linear, double-stranded DNA, in which portions were separated using RecA, and thus, the overall complexity of the lithography was limited. Since then, the extraordinary control afforded by DNA nanotechnology has provided equally interesting opportunities for creating complex electronic circuitry, either via turning DNA into an electronic device itself (Gates et al. in Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 44:354–370 [4]), or by having DNA organize other materials (Hu and Niemeyer in Adv. Mat. 31(26), [5]) that can be electronic devices (Dai et al. in Nano Lett. 20:5604–5615 [6]).
7
Dirkmann, Sven, Jan Trieschmann e Thomas Mussenbrock. "Modeling and Simulation of Silver-Based Filamentary Memristive Devices". In Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems, 159–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36705-2_6.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractMemristive devices based on filamentary switching are investigated by 3D kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The electrochemical metallization device under consideration consists of a stack of Ag/TiO$$_x$$ x /Pt thin layers. By modeling the Ag ion transport within the solid state electrolyte, driven by the electric field and thermal diffusion, the dynamics of resistive switching and conducting filament growth/dissolution are studied. The model allows to resolve the macroscopic time scale of consecutive growth and dissolution cycles. It provides realistic current-voltage relations as observed experimentally. Simultaneously, it grants a detailed characterization of the influence of the electric field and the thermal heat on the local resistive switching dynamics. It finally provides insight into the microscopic physical mechanisms involved in the set and reset kinetics during switching. It is concluded that the force due to electromigration on Ag in the closed filament may not be negligible during reset process of the device.
8
Sen, Sachidananda, e Maneesh Kumar. "Wind Energy Harvesting and Involved Power Electronics Conversion Systems for Smart Grid Interfacing". In Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices, 262–85. New York: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003340539-11.
9
Mestas, C. A., e S. J. Calil. "Risks Involved With Medical Device Use in a Home Care Program". In IFMBE Proceedings, 519–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03885-3_144.
10
Packer, Mark. "Technology and Devices Involved in Cataract Surgery in Special Cases". In Cataract Surgery, 13–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94530-5_2.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Invoked device":
1
Kamali Eigoli, Ali, e GholamReza Vossoughi. "Dynamic Analysis of an A-Shaped Piezo-Actuated Walking Microrobot". In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38543.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, a novel, A-shaped microrobot with nanometric resolution for precision positioning applications is addressed. The locomotion concept of the mechanism is founded on the “friction drive principle”. To achieve the translational motion, a stack piezoelectric actuates the microrobot near its natural frequency. The dynamic modeling of the mechanism is based on the assumptions of linear behavior of piezo stack actuator and Coulomb friction model at contact points. The suitability of three simple, friction-based locomotion modes for implementation on the proposed device is presented. Influences of different friction coefficients on the behavior of the microrobot, with respect to defined criteria, are invoked. Simulations show a velocity of 1 mm/s, a motion resolution of 180 nm, and a power consumption of 1.5 mW. Comparisons made with other microrobots of the same locomotion principle indicate good improvements in all criteria.
2
Riggs, Marie K., Matt R. Bohm e Philip J. Mountain. "Examining Relationships Between Device Complexity and Failure Modes of Minimally Invasive Surgical Staplers". In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66750.
Abstract (sommario):
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become the standard approach for an increasing number and variety of procedures. Designing devices for such surgeries presents many challenges and must address efficiency, accuracy, and ease of use. The complexity of a device’s design likely influences its performance in real life situations. Therefore, identifying the complexity and potential for failures of a device is crucial in the early stage of design in order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the final product. A complexity measure is explored utilizing design variables such as the maximum number of connections, number of total elements, and number of unique elements within a device. Reverse engineering of medical devices has been completed to begin understanding such complexity variables. The overall objective of this research is to determine the correlation between a medical device’s complexity measure and its failure modes. The nature and frequency of problems associated with various surgical medical devices must be characterized. This paper is an initial investigation and focuses on surgical stapling devices for MIS. The analysis pertains strictly to surgical staplers that simultaneously staple and transect tissue with a design that allows insertion through small incisions via a trocar, wound protector and retractor, or direct insertion. Adverse event reports involving minimally invasive surgical staplers have been retrieved from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database from January 2006 – January 2016 and examined to determine trends in the characterization of device problems and prevalence of such problems. A total of 13,312 reports are included in the analysis. 106 events resulted in death, 3234 resulted in injury, and 9972 involved a device malfunction. A yearly analysis has been conducted analyzing the trends in event type (death, injury, and malfunction) and device brands involved in the reports over the past decade. A sample of reports was taken in order to perform a detailed analysis of the event descriptions. The reports are categorized by phase and description of failure modes associated with surgical stapler use. The phases of use in which failures occur have been identified as packaging, reload, articulation, application, firing, cutting, removal, and staple line. FDA recall information associated with these devices was also investigated. An extensive study regarding adverse events reported to the FDA associated with surgical staplers has not been completed since 2004 to the authors’ knowledge, nor a study investigating this specific category of surgical stapling devices. These devices are constantly evolving in regards to their design features, and their application is expanding to more wideranging open and MIS procedures. Despite the prevalence of minimally invasive surgical stapler use, any incident of failure may put a patient’s health and safety at risk. Malformed staples as a result of the firing phase, removal issues, and leaking staple lines were the main contributors to surgical stapler failure in the adverse event reports analyzed. Bariatric and thoracic surgery accounted for the majority of procedure types identified within the reports. The range of procedures in the analysis verifies the expansion of surgical stapler use and application. Various failure modes can be attributed to user error; however, the FDA recall information associated with these devices indicates that device failure shares responsibility. The results of this work contribute to the awareness of both surgical stapling device designers and users, and the importance of such must be heavily emphasized in order to prevent future complications in the field.
3
Cristina Barbosa Medeiros, Ana, e Molly Smyth. "Usability Validation of Complex Medical Systems". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003471.
Abstract (sommario):
The end goal of the application of Human Factors to the development of a safety-critical medical device is to validate the device’s safety and effectiveness in the hands of intended users. Generally, the complexity of validation studies varies according to the device intricacy. In the case of complex medical systems, such as a robotic surgical system which can be used for prolonged periods by multiple user groups at the same time and may interact with other devices in the operating room, the planning and execution of such studies require much more thinking, organization, and resources. Bearing that in mind, we have grouped the effort involved in validating complex medical systems into four categories for an optimized, practical approach. This paper discusses these four categories and provides essential guidance, based on our experience.
4
Xu, Yuqiong, Shijian Li, Zhaohui Wu e Gang Pan. "An Intensive Location-Aware Framework for Device-Involved Human Tasks". In 2013 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.and.euc.2013.306.
5
Boyd, G. T. "Applications Requirements for Nonlinear Optical Devices and the Status of Organic Materials". In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.wa2.
Abstract (sommario):
Much of the history of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has involved measurements and calculations of intrinsic NLO properties, motivated by the promise of device applications1. The requirements of NLO devices are used here to assess the status of organic materials and suggest research directions.
6
Gu, Xiaoyu, e Yancheng Li. "Comprehensive Investigations on Magnetic Field Distribution in a Solenoid". In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3038.
Abstract (sommario):
Finding engineering applications for a new class of smart material, magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), has been a major task for researchers in this field. Novel MRE devices, such as vibration absorbers and vibration isolators, have been proposed and fabricated to pioneer its engineering applications. In civil engineering, the author has proposed a novel MRE based isolator to be used in the base isolation system for mitigating the devastating effects of earthquakes on civil structures. For any MRE-based device, electromagnetic coil is evitable involved to provide magnetic field for the MRE materials. Comparing with magnetic circuit design in magnetorheological fluid (MRF) device, i.e. MR damper, MRE devices normally need a larger coil to energize the MRE materials, particularly for a large-scale MRE device. Therefore, investigation of the solenoid on the magnetic field distribution is of great importance for the design and development of MRE based device. In particular, provision of sufficient and uniform magnetic field is essential towards the success in designing MRF/MRE devices. To understand the mechanism of magnetic field generation in a solenoid is the key for device design and optimization. The main objective of this paper is to analytically investigate and experimentally validate the magnetic field distribution in a solenoid. The theoretical investigation starts from the analysis on an ideally thin cylindrical solenoid in order to obtain analytical results. To stimulate the coil which can be used in the design of MRE device, theoretical investigation is to conduct on a thick-wall cylindrical solenoid. Finite element analysis is also used to examine the magnetic field distribution in the solenoid. In order to verify the theoretical findings, experimental testing is conducted to acquire the magnetic field distribution in a sample solenoid. Results from analytical solution, finite element analysis and experimental testing agree very well. The findings provide valuable information for the design and optimization of the MRE device in which a solenoid is inevitably involved.
7
Gavin, Henri, Julie Thurston, Chicahiro Minowa e Hideo Fujitani. "Effects of Damper Force Ranges and Ground Motion Pulse Periods on the Performance of Semi-Active Isolation Systems". In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1819.
Abstract (sommario):
A large-scale base-isolated steel structural frame was tested at the shaking table laboratory of the National Research Institute for Earth Sciences and Disaster Prevention. These collaborative experiments featured auto-adaptive media and devices to enhance the performance of passive base isolation systems. The planning of these experiments involved determining appropriate device control methods, the development of a controllable damping device with fail-safe characteristics, and the evaluation of the performance of the controlled isolation system subjected to strong ground motion with pronounced near-field effects. The results of the planning study and their large-scale experimental confirmation provide guidelines for the development and implementation of auto-adaptive damping devices for full scale structures.
8
Marek, Juraj, Lubica Stuchlikova, Martin Jagelka, Ales Chvala, Patrik Pribytny, Martin Donoval e Daniel Donoval. "Study of repetitive avalanche stress invoked degradation of electrical properties of DMOS and TrenchMOS transistors". In 2016 11th International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices & Microsystems (ASDAM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asdam.2016.7805912.
9
Wickel, Noah, Okan Yilmaz, Klaus Radermacher e Armin Janß. "Dynamic control assignment and automated risk assessment for external control interfaces in the operating room based on ISO IEEE 11073 SDC". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003943.
Abstract (sommario):
Surgical procedures require a variety of medical devices, each bearing an ever-increasing number of settings and functions. Most devices are placed in the unsterile area of the operating room. Therefore, the surgeon and other sterile staff members are not able to interact with the device interfaces. Surgeons often rely on so-called ‘yell-and-click communication’ to have a setting changed, which is error-prone, slow and moreover leads to process interruptions for the involved OR personnel. Suitable control devices, like a foot switch or a sterile user interface, can allow sterile staff members direct access to certain device functions. In a networked operating room, such control devices could exist for any controllable value or operation. Due to spatial limitations in the OR, it is desired to use as few physical control devices as possible. To control a large variety of parameters, these control devices' associated functionality could be re-assigned during a surgical procedure. The manufacturer-independent communication standard ISO IEEE 11073 SDC is tailored for medical device control in the operating room and makes such a re-assignable control interface technically feasible.However, each control association must be assessed with regard to its usability and risk management. For example, a critical control target must never be controlled by an element which is too coarse for the intended task. Therefore, it is a key requirement to develop a software model for control devices and a mechanism to allow or deny a proposed mapping desired by the user based on safety and usability criteria.In the present work, we outline a system to describe and categorize input devices (control elements such as buttons, knobs and foot switches) and controllable counterparts (Targets) typically found in the surgical context. Great attention is given to the means necessary to safely control critical parameters. We assess the current descriptive capabilities of SDC and propose necessary additions to create more comprehensible software models of the control devices. Finally, we present a new convention for medical device modeling which could be used to propose or prohibit unsafe or unintended mappings in a user interface for configuring control devices in the operating room.
10
Avramopoulos, H., N. A. Whitaker, M. C. Gabriel e P. M. W. French. "All-optical, polarization-independent switching using the Sagnac interferometer". In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we22.
Abstract (sommario):
Polarization-dependent operation is a serious obstacle in the development of practical photonic devices. In photon-photon devices polarization dependence can arise from different reasons. For example, orthogonal linear polarizations are often used to isolate the two input channels of a three terminal device. In such a case polarization dependence is essential for proper operation of the circuit. Also, in devices where interferometry is used, the polarization of the signal and reference beams must be the same or the interference is incomplete. Schemes such as polarization diversity do not work with nonlinear optical devices, as the interaction is intensity dependent. One successful approach is active polarization control, which requires detection and control circuitry combined with a LiNbO3 electrooptic polarization controller [1]. Active control however, entails extra complexity and expense, and the difficulty involved leads one to the search for simpler schemes.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Invoked device":
1
Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel e Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.
Abstract (sommario):
Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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González, Andrea, Daniela Ramos, Juan Carlos Hallak, Roberto Bisang, Andrés López e Ricardo Rozemberg. Public-Private Collaboration on Productive Development Policies in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011626.
Abstract (sommario):
This study discusses four cases of public-private collaboration (PPC) in the design and implementation of productive development policies (PDP) in Argentina. We find that PPCs have contributed to the success of most of the studied PDPs by facilitating information sharing and creating coordination devices that have improved the diffusion, transparency, and resilience of the policies and a more effective use of public funds. We also identify conditions that seem to be critical for a successful PPC. These conditions include the previous acquaintance and existence of trust relationships among the agents involved in the PPC, the alignment of their objectives and interests, and the emergence of clear leaderships in the private and/or in the public sectors. The stability of the PPCs, in turn, depends on the availability of public funding and the creation of formal governance mechanisms, while it is threatened by large disparities in the size, interests, and capabilities among the different private-sector agents involved in the collaboration.
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MR (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), Clinically Feasible Profile. Chair Michael Boss, Dariya Malyarenko e Daniel Margolis. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) / Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20221215.
Abstract (sommario):
The goal of a QIBA Profile is to help achieve a useful level of performance for a given biomarker. The Claim (Section 2) describes the biomarker performance and is derived from the body of scientific literature meeting specific requirements, in particular test-retest studies. The Activities (Section 3) contribute to generating the biomarker. Requirements are placed on the Actors that participate in those activities as necessary to achieve the Claim. Assessment Procedures (Section 4) for evaluating specific requirements are defined as needed to ensure acceptable performance. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) are being used clinically as qualitative (DWI) and quantitative (ADC) indicators of disease presence, progression or response to treatment. Use of ADC as a robust quantitative biomarker with finite confidence intervals places additional requirements on Sites, Acquisition Devices and Protocols, Field Engineers, Scanner Operators (MR Technologists, Radiologists, Physicists and other Scientists), Image Analysts, Reconstruction Software and Image Analysis Tools. Additionally, due to the intrinsic dependence of measured ADC values on biophysical tissue properties, both the Profile Claims and the associated scan protocols (Section 3.6.2) are organ-specific. All of these are considered Actors involved in Activities of Acquisition Device Pre-delivery and Installation, Subject Handling, Image Data Acquisition, Reconstruction, Registration, ADC map generation, Quality Assurance (QA), Distribution, Analysis, and Interpretation. The requirements addressed in this Profile are focused on achieving ADC values with minimal systematic bias and measurement variability. DISCLAIMER: Technical performance of the MRI system can be assessed using a phantom having known diffusion properties, such as the QIBA DWI phantom. The clinical performance target is to achieve a 95% confidence interval for measurement of ADC with a variable precision depending on the organ being imaged and assuming adequate technical performance requirements are met. While in vivo DWI/ADC measurements have been performed throughout the human body, this Profile focused on four organ systems, namely brain, liver, prostate, and breast as having high clinical utilization of ADC with a sufficient level of statistical evidence to support the Profile Claims derived from the current peer-reviewed literature. In due time, new DWI technologies with proven greater performance levels, as well as more organ systems will be incorporated in future Profiles. This document is intended to help a variety of users: clinicians using this biomarker to aid patient management; imaging staff generating this biomarker; MRI system architects developing related products; purchasers of such products; and investigators designing clinical trials utilizing quantitative diffusion-based imaging endpoints. Note that this document only states requirements specific to DWI to achieve the claim, not requirements that pertain to clinical standard of care. Conforming to this Profile is secondary to proper patient care.
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Porcel Magnusson, Cristina. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles. SAE International, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021002.
Abstract (sommario):
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.
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Emmerson, Stephen. Modulations through time. Norges Musikkhøgskole, agosto 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.530427.
Abstract (sommario):
This article explores the rationale behind a performance given by the authors at the Unfolding the Process symposium held in Oslo in November 2015. For this occasion, the authors devised a new version of Bach’s Goldberg Variations that builds upon Emmerson’s arrangement of the work for two pianos in 2012. A shortened version of the work (c.30 minutes) was designed that aimed nonetheless to maintain the original work’s sense of structural balance and coherence. This version involved the transposition of a number of variations into different keys to explore the possibility of adding a satisfying tonal structure to our experience of the work, in a context where both performers see potential communicative value in 'playing with' dimensions of original masterworks with a view to giving fresh perspective to the listener experience. The article is written from the alternating perspectives of the authors; one of which is primarily concerned with the rationale and process of devising the arrangement while the other reflects upon the performative aspects and implications arising from it.
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Britt, Jack, Miriam Rosenberg, Steven Washburn e Moshe Kaim. Development and Evaluation of a Method of Hormonal Treatment to Increase Fertility in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612833.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
The objectives were: 1) to develop a practical method for improving conception rates of dairy cows by administering progesterone during the critical period of the luteal phase prior to first insemination, 2) to determine which cows respond best to such a progesterone treatment, and 3) to determine physiological changes that are associated with this treatment. Experiment 1, conducted in the US and Israel, tested three treatment protocols. Holstein cows: 1) served as controls, 2) received two injections of prostaglanding F2a (PGF) 14 days apart, or 3) received two PGF injections and were inserted with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 6 days beginning 9 days after the first injection of PGF. Fertility was positively related to plasma progesterone concentations prior to the second PGF injection, but PRID treatment did not improve fertility in cows with low progesterone. Cows in synchronized estrus 2-8 days after the second injection of PGF had higher fertility and better reproductive performance than non-synchronized cows. Experiment 3, conducted in Israel, involved three studies that assessed effect of PRID treatment on: 1) progesterone concentration in ovarian tissue and uterine tissue and fluids, 2) changes in systemic LH and estradiol, and 3) development and function of dominant follicles. Treatment with PRID increased progesterone in uterine tissue and fluid exclusive of effects on systemic concentrations. Low progesterone resulted in persistent follicles that exceeded normal size and produced excessive estrogen. Experiment 4, conducted in the US, evaluated influence of endogenous progesterone on embryo development. Cows were given two injections of PGF 14 days apart and single embryos were recovered 7 days after estrus. Among cyclic cows, there was a linear relationship between progesterone concentration and percentage of cows from which an embryo was recovered. Overall these experiments show that systemic progesterone concentrations affect fertility in high-producing dairy cows through effects on follicular development and embryo survival
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Pepin, Kay, a cura di. MR Elastography of the Liver, Clinically Feasible Profile. Chair Richard Ehman e Patricia Cole. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) / Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20231107.
Abstract (sommario):
The goal of a QIBA Profile is to help achieve a useful level of performance for a given biomarker. The Claim (Section 2) describes the biomarker performance. The Activities (Section 3) contribute to generating the biomarker. Requirements are placed on the Actors that participate in those activities as necessary to achieve the Claim. Assessment Procedures (Section 4) for evaluating specific requirements are defined as needed. This QIBA Profile (Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Liver) addresses the application of Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) for the quantification of liver stiffness, which is often used as a biomarker of liver fibrosis. It places requirements on Acquisition Devices, Technologists, Radiologists, Reconstruction Software and Image Analysis Tools involved in Subject Handling, Image Data Acquisition, Image Data Reconstruction, Image QA and Image Analysis. The requirements are focused on achieving sufficient accuracy and avoiding unnecessary variability of the measurement of hepatic stiffness. The clinical performance target is to achieve a 95% confidence interval for a true change in stiffness has occurred when there is a measured change in hepatic stiffness of 19% or larger. This document is intended to help clinicians basing decisions on this biomarker, imaging staff generating this biomarker, vendor staff developing related products, purchasers of such products and investigators designing trials with imaging endpoints. Note that this document only states requirements to achieve the claim, not “requirements on standard of care.” Conformance to this Profile is secondary to properly caring for the patient. QIBA Profiles addressing other imaging biomarkers using CT, MRI, PET and Ultrasound can be found at https://qibawiki.rsna.org/index.php/Profiles
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Munguambe, Carlos. Adaptation of the Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Protocol During the COVID-19 Response. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2023.007.
Abstract (sommario):
Before COVID-19, Mozambique’s Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) protocol, introduced in 2008 and referenced in the Strategy of Rural Sanitation 2021-2030, broadly aligned with the original approach proposed by Kar and Chambers in the CLTS Handbook (2008). It included participatory pre-triggering, triggering and post-triggering activities bringing whole communities together to promote collective behaviour change on sanitation and health in the community. During the pandemic, UNICEF Mozambique worked with the Government of Mozambique (GoM) and other partners to adapt the CLTS protocol in line with government restrictions to support continued implementation of the approach. With restrictions now reducing, clarity on a post-pandemic CLTS protocol is needed. This rapid study explored how CLTS programming was adapted and implemented during the pandemic and the successes, failures, and lessons to inform recommendations moving forward. With only eight years to go to achieve the SDGs, it is timely for Mozambique to review and adapt the existing tools to ensure the required acceleration towards the elimination of open defecation is possible. The study focused on how adaptations to the CLTS protocol were devised and implemented, what the changes involved, different stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities, and what the lessons and recommendations are.
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Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace e George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.