Tesi sul tema "Invisible hand"
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1
Sulik, J. "The invisible hand and sound change". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5943.
Testo completo
2
McDonell, Margaret. "The invisible hand : cross-cultural influence on editorial practice /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18021.pdf.
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3
Aydinonat, N. Emrah. "The invisible hand in economics : how economists explain unintended social consequences /". London : Routledge, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413382812.
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4
Annick, Provencher. "From the Invisible Hand to the Invisible Woman: The Politics of Neutrality in the Context of Social Tax Expenditures". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31613.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In law, neutrality is now a postulate and this is particularly true about Social Tax Expenditures (STEs) which are tax measures with a redistributive goal, similar to welfare benefits. Hence, taxation and the welfare state are closely connected insofar as STEs are part of the welfare system. But they are introduced within a context of apparent gender-neutrality. Tax law takes little account of gender in the implementation of tax policy. Moreover, the normative criteria for the analysis of tax regimes include concepts such as equity—which suggests that taxpayers in the same position should be treated the same way. We see the potential for a clash of interests between social policy and the founding principles of taxation. The risk is of being unable to account for gender in tax law.
My thesis therefore seeks to answer this research question: does the STEs and tax policy discourse relating to STEs contain gender assumptions on the role of women that could, in their subsequent implementation, affect women’s relationship to the STEs? They may be written in gender-neutral terms, they may not consider gender in their implementation.
A purely positivistic approach would not highlight how the increasing importance of neutrality in the construction and implementation of law may hide important assumptions about women. Law is an institution and a discourse that has the potential of constructing identities and norms. What is conceived as a neutral or objective approach to law has often been criticized as mirroring the experience, values and reality of the majority. Therefore, law, as a discourse, can perpetuate values, according to an ideal imposed by the majority, neglecting those of minority groups. In a critical approach to this apparent neutrality, the study of the relationship between power and knowledge is necessary. A critical approach from a gender perspective will highlight how women’s identity can be constructed through the tax policy discourse.
At the theoretical level, the intimate relationship STEs share with welfare programmes requires that they be examined using a conceptual framework similar to that which is used to examine other benefits of the welfare state. First, I used this literature to organize the discourse analysis according to the three discursive periods regarding the welfare state. Secondly, the themes for the discourse analysis were also identified from the welfare state literature.
Empirically, I conducted a thematic discourse analysis of those STEs using budgetary papers, debates in the House of Commons, and other documents emanating from the government outlining the legislative intent. Results indicate that the discourse around STEs is limited to a conversation in terms of the technical aspect of the law which limits the potential for the discourse in terms of welfare provision. This thesis also reveal that the tax policy discourse in relation to STEs is not gender-neutral. In constructing STEs, various assumptions are made about women and their role in society.
5
Rho, Hye Jin. "Language and prejudice : the "invisible hand" of gender inequality in modern organizations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 28-30).
While studies have shown that interactions between workers and employers reinforce gendered allocations of workers within firms, the literature has not yet demonstrated how these interactional mechanisms operate to create gender inequalities even before formal job applications are submitted. Such interactional mechanisms are documented and analyzed using a unique data from a web-based recruiting platform. We conduct a comprehensive content analysis of close to 150,000 jobs posted by approximately 25,000 recruiters reaching more than half million job seekers in the United States to find evidence that gender stereotypes influence recruiters' perceptions of the appropriate selection criteria for potential candidates, thereby affecting the language of job advertisements. Such cognitive biases, in turn, shape the ways in which job seekers of a particular gender inquire about a job. Specifically, when the share of stereotypically masculine words in job advertisements was larger, job seekers that inquired about such jobs were less likely to be female; when the share of stereotypically feminine words was larger, job seekers that inquired about such jobs were more likely to be female, holding all else constant. Further, we find that job seekers themselves were more likely to use stereotypically feminine (or masculine) words in their inquiries the greater the share of stereotypical feminine (or masculine) words increased in job postings. Lastly, we show that job seekers that show interest toward a job were more likely to be of the gender of the recruiter, holding all else constant. Even after controlling for potential within- and between- occupational variations, job seeker responses were strongly influenced by recruiters' use of language.
by Hye Jin Rho.
S.M. in Management Research
6
Merritt, Sydnee. "Putin's Invisible Hand: Why are GONGOs Increasingly Resurfacing under the Putin Administration?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/521.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Government Organized Non-Governmental Organizations (GONGOs), once common during the Soviet-era, are now increasingly resurfacing under the Putin administration. Once completely abolished from Russia, these deceitful organizations are accompanying various new laws signed by President Putin in the Russian Federation. While Russia does not claim to be a liberal democracy with a free civil society and Putin has described his state as a “managed democracy,” the puzzle still remains why the Putin administration is secretly using organizations to fulfill government ploys. This thesis will analyze the types of GONGOs along with new laws and policies signed into effect under the Putin and Medvedev Administration. I conclude this thesis by partially confirming my hypothesis that president Putin is rationally choosing to create these organizations in an effort to consolidate his power and promote Russian culture.
7
McDonald, Patrick J. "The invisible hand of peace : capitalism, the war machine, and liberal international relations theory /". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486463321625598.
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8
Kopf, Susanne. "Content policies in Social Media Critical Discourse Studies: The invisible hand of social media providers?" CADAAD, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7109/1/01%2DKopf.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper complements theoretical and methodological considerations regarding social media in critical discourse studies as it addresses social media content policies as a key contextual element. Specifically, this paper argues that - and why - the exploration of content policies and their enforcement is indispensable when approaching social media platforms and social media data in particular from a critical perspective.
A number of researchers have already begun to identify contextual elements that require particular attention when viewing social media and social media data through a CDS lens. However, social media sites' content policies, as pervasive contextual element, have not received adequate research attention yet.
Drawing on Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) and recent developments in Social Media CDS (SM-CDS), this paper first demonstrates the existing gap in research. Then, it contends that social media sites' content policies deserve more detailed attention in SM-CDS, argues why this is the case and elaborates on the different aspects of content policies and policy enforcement that require examination. After detailed theoretical discussion of this, empirical evidence to support this argument is presented in the form of a case study of Wikipedia and Wikipedia data.
9
Spring, Dawn. "Selling Brand America: The Advertising Council and the ‘Invisible Hand’ of Free Enterprise, 1941-1961". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1235745009.
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10
Barofsky, Jeremy. "Bringing back the invisible hand: the complexity approach to economics and its application in financial markets". Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27583.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
11
Rossi, Mark S. (Mark Stephen) 1962. "Greening the invisible hand : how environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) succeed and fall in technology change". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29947.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 473-491).
This dissertation examines how national environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Sweden and the United States (US) tried to diffuse cleaner production technologies in the pulp and paper industry from 1980-1998. The environmental organizations were: Greenpeace Sweden, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Environmental Defense, Greenpeace USA, and Natural Resources Defense Council. The technologies they tried to diffuse reduced dioxins and other organochlorines from mills that bleach pulp for making white paper products. Totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching emerged as the cleanest bleaching technology in commercial use: it eliminated organochlorine water pollution. The Swedish environmental organizations, with help from Greenpeace Germany, were more successful at diffusing TCF bleaching. The success in Sweden emerged because the environmental organizations created market demand for TCF paper: they formed collaborative relations with major buyers of bleached paper, proved that TCF paper was a technically viable alternative, and connected environmentally-minded consumers with like-minded manufacturers. Supporting their success were: a longer history of market campaigns to transform paper bleaching, the lack of opposition to TCF paper in Germany (a major consumer of Swedish bleached pulp), and massive seal and fish die-offs in 1988. The failure in the US occurred because the environmental organizations did not create market demand: they disagreed on environmental goals, they did not succeed in forming collaborative alliances with major purchasers in favor of TCF paper, and they could not overcome a sophisticated counter-campaign from environmental laggards in the American pulp and paper industry.
(cont.) This dissertation proposes that success in the face of strident industry opposition entails changing organizing strategy: national environmental groups need to engage in sectoral organizing. In sectoral organizing environmental groups work to create a more environmentally sustainable busies sector, rather than addressing a single problem within that sector. Sectoral organizing creates opportunities for achieving challenging goals by collaborating with consumers across multiple environmental problems, addressing the low hanging fruit first, then moving to more complex problems. By creating trust, credibility, and legitimacy with consumers, environmental organizations are more likely to succeed in the face of opposition from environmental laggards.
by Mark S. Rossi.
Ph.D.
12
Beşeoğlu, Gökhan. "Le vrai sens de la main invisible : la fin d'un mythe ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'objet de cette recherche est de découvrir le vrai sens de la fameuse « main invisible » d'Adam Smith à travers la nature humaine en insistant surtout sur le rôle de l'imagination humaine. Afin d'éclairer le plus grand mythe de toute l'histoire de l'économie moderne, on va faire référence aux différents concepts du maître écossais comme la philosophie, la sympathie, le spectateur impartial, la surprise, l'étonnement, l'admiration ou encore les vertus. Dans cette démarche, il sera sans doute essentiel d'insister sur les caractéristiques de l'homme à savoir son amour pour des systèmes cohérents, réguliers, harmonieux et simples, pour améliorer sa condition, sa recherche pour plus de commodités, son désir d'approbation ou encore son aversion pour une désapprobation de la part d'autrui. L'objet de ses différentes références est de prouver une cohérence évidente et intelligible non seulement en ce qui concerne l'unicité de la philosophie smithienne mais aussi en ce qui concerne le vrai sens de la main invisible du père fondateur de l'économie moderneThe purpose of this research is to discover the true meaning of the famous "invisible hand" of Adam Smith through human nature with particular emphasis on the role of human imagination. To inform the biggest myth in the history of the modern economy, we will refer to different concepts of the Scottish master as the philosophy, sympathy, impartial spectator, surprise, wonder, admiration or virtues. In this approach, it may be essential to emphasize the characteristics of man namely his love for coherent, regular, harmonious and simple systems, to improve his condition, his search for convenience, his desire to approval or his aversion for disapproval from others. The purpose of its various references is to prove an evident and intelligible consistency not only regarding to the uniqueness of the Smithian philosophy but also regarding to the true meaning of the invisible hand of the founding father of the modern economics
13
Bohman, John, e Henrik Malmrot. "Liberal discourse – An invisible hand in free trade research? : An investigation into how global trade discourse is created through discourse interaction within research". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36562.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper uses a quantitative content analysis informed by a critical realist framework to study the patterns of international political economy discourse prevalence within research articles concerning free trade. Once categorized, there are observable differences in the extent to which articles in the different categories address other discourses. Analyzing these patterns using concepts from discourse theory, we suggest that the liberal discourse constitutes a regime of truth to which the other discourses must relate. It is also found that articles published in higher ranking journals are less likely to address other discourses. We argue that this could be explained as being an effect of the larger readership of those journals.
14
Krištofóry, Tomáš. "Neviditeľná ruka trhu: Adam Smith a G. W. F. Hegel". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10942.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hayek's interpretation of Smith's invisible hand as a metaphor for the theory of spontaneous order still holds as the only authentic interpretation of that famous phrase, despite all criticism. Although not many authors noticed it, Hegel was a theorist of spontaneous order, namely also a theorist of the spontaneous order of market economy. There is evidence that Hegel followed here Adam Smith's teachings about the invisible hand. The invisible hand is present in Hegel's writings as an element, from what sprang his theory of spirit. That means that his theory of spirit is a general theory of spontaneous order, although written in metaphysical manner. However, being a theorist of spontaneous order didn't prevent him from being an interventionist. He was led to interventionism by his synoptic fallacy of mind. He never tried to apply this fallacy on the studies of the market economy. Marxists did that. Some of recent scholars (Sciabarra, Johnson, and Cristi) identified Hegel's theory of spontaneous order, but their interpretation wasn't perfectly in accordance with Hegel's texts. How these authors denied Popper's and Hayek's incorrect opinion that Hegel was a totalitarian, thus it is needed to enrich studies of mentioned current scholars. Here it is taken into account only what Hegel wrote, not later authors about him. This thesis is also an attempt to evaluate the history of economic thought from the standpoint of Smith's and Hegel's methodology.
15
Ahumada, Pablo Emiliano. "The Theoretical Relevance Of An Updated Marxian Theory Of Commodity In Economics". Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080319.150942/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a
fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes
place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the
question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social
recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and
independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and
independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of
commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in
the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social
labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money.
The thesis argues that Marxs answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not
succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not
merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use
value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and
distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or
production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private
and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes
between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive
structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the
indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of
commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic
private and independent commodity producer.
The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of societys labour for its
material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the
generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production
and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined
theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the
mercantile form of value is what allows societys labour to become an objective and
autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system
under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production
comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam
Smiths invisible hand.
Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of
monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the
most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of
production.
16
Eriksson, Skoog Gun. "The soft budget constraint : the emergence, persistence and logic of an institution : The Case of Tanzania1967-1992". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Internationell Ekonomi och Geografi (IEG), 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-652.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The soft budget constraint - today a popular metaphor - is a paradox. In socialist economies, it implies that the state tends to bail out state-owned firms in financial trouble, in spite of the tremendous performance problems of the entire system that result. When the system broke down, the soft budget constraint was expected to disappear. However, it seems to persist, and its persistence appears to hamper the transition process itself. This study seeks an answer to this paradox. It aims at increasing our understanding of why the soft budget constraint exists. By investigating state-owned enterprises in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, the prevalence of the soft budget constraint is examined and an explanation of its existence is suggested. The approach is institutional. The soft budget constraint is defined as an informal institution and an invisible-hand explanation of its emergence, persistence and logic is applied. The study shows that the soft budget constraint emerged as an unintended consequence of the establishment of the Tanzanian socialist system in the 1970s. A behavioural solution to recurrent systemic problems was offered, and thus the soft budget constraint performed several functions. Once established, its very existence set off a cumulative process of self-generation. Four reinforcement mechanisms that accounted for its prevalence during Tanzanian socialism are identified. Its character as a behavioural rule helps to explain why it persisted during market-oriented reform, initiated in the mid-1980s. The soft budget constraint was part of the socialist heritage, was adapted to systemic change, and influenced the direction and character of this change.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
17
Ahumada, P. E. "The theoretical relevance of an updated Marxian theory of commodity in economics". Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/365.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx's answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society's labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society's labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith's invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.
18
Dedeoglu, Saniye. "Hidden hands : invisible workers : women's work in Istanbul's garment industry". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415082.
Testo completo
19
Aktoudianakis, Andreas. "Virtue, honour and moderation : the foundations of liberty in Montesquieu's political thought". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9889.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Liberal thinkers have suggested different theories that legitimise the state's various processes, institutions, and use of coercive power. However, their theories cannot account for those motivations that cause men to put their lives in danger when standing against political oppression. The study of Montesquieu's theory of government can aid liberalism's incomplete account of the political motivations that incline men to defend their liberty. Toward this end, this thesis studies Montesquieu's notions of virtue and honour, and challenges the meaning they have been accorded in previous studies. This thesis suggests that Montesquieu combined these notions in order to conceive a type of motivation that inclines individuals to defend their liberty against encroachment. In order to recover this type of motivation, this study will adopt an approach of close textual analysis with attention to the context. Virtue and honour play a crucial role in Montesquieu's political thought because they foster the preservation of government. Virtue inclines citizens in republics to act with self-sacrifice. However, that virtue does not aim toward the attainment of excellence or of God's grace; rather, Montesquieu conceived virtue in relation to public utility. Honour inclines the subjects of monarchy to pursue their selfish desires in order to derive public benefits. However, Montesquieu did not conceive honour in connection with the liberal motif of the invisible hand; rather, he conceived honour in connection with the pursuit of glory. By combining honour and virtue, Montesquieu conceived a type of motivation that can foster the preservation of liberty in modernity. This motivation enables individuals to enjoy their liberty in times of peace by pursuing their selfish desires; in times of crisis, it inclines them to perform great actions in order to defend that liberty against political oppression. Considering Montesquieu's type can aid liberalism's account of political motivations in the contemporary debate.
20
Dugan, James C. "Elusive armies and Invisible Hands: Combining Conventional and Guerrilla Forces from 1776 to the Present". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8306.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the performance of hybrid forces - forces containing both irregular and regular components - in protracted, theater-level campaigns. It seeks to determine how the hybrid force commander should employ his force to achieve the highest probability of operational success. Accepting that force efficiency is the critical path to operational success, this research focuses on the role of two variables which are often in "tension" in hybrid forces: coordinating the efforts of the two components, and decentralizing the, operations of the irregulars. It explores the influence of these variables in four historical hybrid campaigns. This study demonstrates that the most efficient hybrid force is created by high degrees of both coordination and decentralization. Hybrid forces shaped by these variables maximize costs inflicted on the enemy, while minimizing costs incurred by themselves, by exploiting the enemy's dilemma over whether to disperse to quell the hybrid irregulars, or to concentrate to defeat the hybrid regulars. This research also suggests, however, that coordination and decentralization will only produce the most efficient hybrid force possible when that force enjoys two preconditions in the theater of war: local popular support, and minimum strategic vulnerability for the regulars
21
Sampath, Vijay S. "Determinants of the Invisible and Visible Hands of Punishment| An Examination of Corporate Bribery Prosecutions". Thesis, Pace University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10973624.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research is to examine how the market, or the invisible hand, and regulators, or the visible hand, penalize organizational misconduct through the imposition of reputational penalties and legal sanctions respectively. Reputational penalty measures market based losses a firm suffers when it engages in illegal behavior, causing its immediate stakeholders to change the terms of doing business. On the other hand, sanctions refer to the punishment provided by regulators for deviating from social norms and regulations. The aggregation of these two components reflects the total punishment for these transgressions. I develop a comprehensive model that estimates the total penalty and examines the determinants of each of its components.
I assess reputational penalties by conducting event study analyses on the population of public firms prosecuted for bribery under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act from 1978 to 2010. The analyses show that these firms lost over $60 billion in market capital during this period. This translates to a reputational penalty of 83¢ for every dollar of share value loss; the remaining 17¢ represents the direct costs to the firm to manage the prosecution. Omission of reputational penalties in rational choice calculus underestimates bribery costs by 4.5 times. Drawing on organization stigma literature, I then explore the degree to which stigma is attached, diffused, or embedded in accounting systems. The combination of host country corruption stigma, involvement of compromised executives and corruption entrenchment in accounting systems explain variations in reputational penalty.
I also examine the hazard rate of recovery of firms’ reputational penalty following the occurrence of bribery events. Prior firm reputation affects the likelihood of recovery in a manner that it hinders recovery for firms with higher reputations than those with lower reputations. This suggests that deviant activity has greater repercussions for the former firms than the latter firms.
Under the sanctions model of punishment, I evaluate a process model of how firms regain legitimacy after allegations of misconduct. A new measure of sanctions is developed and tested. The results demonstrate that bribery misconduct is sanctioned according to its severity. Firms that internally investigate and terminate culpable employees are rewarded with lesser sanctions.
Overall, the experiences of firms prosecuted for corporate bribery suggest that firms should proactively institute corporate monitoring mechanisms to prevent criminal misconduct. My research has advanced current knowledge of punishment from corporate misconduct.
22
Karlson, Nils. "The state of state an inquiry concerning the role of invisible hands in politics and civil society /". Uppsala : Stockholm : S. Academiae Ubsaliensis ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=hCiOAAAAMAAJ.
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23
Law, Wun-Sheng. "Institutional altruism, invisible hands, and Good Samaritans : an anthropological examination of Hong Kong's Community Chest charity organization". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28504/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The discipline of social anthropology has been remarkably inattentive to the phenomenon and organizational practices of 'charity', and, associatedly, has been non-discursive in its treatment of social welfare. In this thesis, I endeavour to indicate that this disciplinary ignorance of charity and social welfare is to be regretted. Through my case-study analysis of the role of a key charitable organization in Hong Kong I hope to convince my readers of the relatively untapped potential of 'an anthropology of charity'. Cultural practices of charity and social welfare are sociologically significant and interesting in their own right, but can also illuminate wider social and political processes and structures from an unusual perspective. Attention to 'charity' has much to offer anthropology, but the obverse also holds, understandably, not been properly mindful of anthropological - particularly ethnographic - approaches. The nucleus of my research is the Community Chest, the most influential nongovernmental charitable organization in the colony (soon to be post-colony) of Hong Kong. In my thesis I examine inter cilia: the setting in which the Community Chest operates; its organizational structures and procedures; the cultural logic of donation; issues of entitlement; and the relationship between donors and recipients of charity. Throughout I am attentive to the linkages between charity provided by fiat is often called 'the voluntary sector', and social welfare as dispensed by the Hong Kong state. A key theme is the extent to which the Community Chest, despite its epithet as a nongovernmental organization, should be viewed as having a definite brokerage role between the state and Hong Kong's people. The institutionalization of altruism, which the Community Chest represents, does not escape the reach of the Hong Kong state. In a deliberate manner I utilize the Community Chest as a prism by which to scrutinize the 'borrowed time and borrowed place' that is contemporary Hong Kong. Not only is Hong Kong a global (and arguably postmodern) city, which has changed dynamically in recent decades, but existentially and psychologically its population is affected by the ever lurking shadow of the PRC regime to which Hong Kong will be handed over in July 1997. The Community Chest was established in 1968 at a time written both the Hong Kong state and society were undergoing radical changes. From the vantage point of the Community Chest I have been able to calibrate the transformations and continuities of the last three decades, and the not insignificant role played by charity and social welfare over that period. In addition to illuminating Hong Kong' s extraordinary contemporary situation, I hope also to have contributed to on-going theoretical debates in anthropology, sinology, and the social sciences generally. There is a burgeoning literature on gift exchange, entitlement, altruism, concepts of need and poverty, the role of NGOs in alleviating hardship, clientelism, and the role of mass media representations. I feel that my fieldwork research makes a contribution to discussion of each of these issues. My work contributes a further perspective from which to understand guanxi (personal networks) and renging (moral norms and human feelings) as axiomatic Chinese cultural constructions. I am also concerned with questions of citizenship, of community, of hybridity, of identity, of belonging, and of nationalism, all of which are especially fraught issues for people in contemporary Hong Kong. Finally, but deserving special mention - one of my chief ambitions has been to appraise the claims that the New Right makes for Hong Kong as the epitome of a ' leissez-faire' policy in which the state's interventions in terms of welfare provision are based on residualist principles. The New Right profess that Hong Kong is the free market economy, and that the voluntary sector and the market provide welfare effectively in the absence of state intervention. My research indicates that the Hong Kong state, despite its laissez-faire rhetoric, has been decisively interventionist. The Community Chest, set up ostensibly to generate and dispense charity from the voluntary sector, is ambivalently entangled with the hidden hands of both big business and the state.
24
Bruneau, Laurent. "La disparition de la rencontre de marché dans la tradition économique française : de Boisguilbert à Walras". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La thèse se propose de réexaminer le concept de concurrence dans une sélection de textes classiques de la tradition économique française du 18ème siècle et du 19ème siècle.L’examen des textes fondateurs de Boisguilbert et de Cantillon, montre que le concept de concurrence recouvre deux contenus différents.- D’une part, la concurrence qui s’exerce sur un site de marché, du côté long du marché, et qui prend la forme d’un comportement conflictuel de rabais ou d’enchères monétaires.- D’autre part, la concurrence qui s’exerce ensuite à partir des signaux prix constitués sur le site de marché, et qui prend la forme de décisions quantitatives, de réallocations des marchandises, des capitaux et des hommes. Cette deuxième signification va peu à peu supplanter la première jusqu’à faire disparaître le concept même de rencontre de marché, notamment dans l’œuvre de Turgot (avec le marché général). Cette même tendance apparaît dans l’analyse mathématique d’Isnard, alors même que Canard propose une approche mathématique de la rencontre conflictuelle de marché.Au début du 19ème siècle, influencé par Smith modifiant la définition de la demande, Say confirme la disparition, tandis que Sismondi ne parvient pas à dissocier les processus concurrentiels.Par la suite, les auteurs de l’école française, au premier rang desquels Garnier et Molinari vont alors parachever le processus d’occultation des processus concurrentiels du premier type, malgré la tentative iconoclaste de Walras qui tente, sans succès selon nous, d’en rendre compte avec le tâtonnement. Au final, la recherche montre que l’absence de prise de conscience de la dualité du concept de concurrence, a rendu invisible le changement de direction de l’analyse de la rencontre de marché, vers 1760. Une reconnaissance de cette dualité pourrait donc réorienter efficacement les recherches contemporainesThe thesis offers to re-examine the concept of competition in a selection of traditional texts of the French economic tradition of the 18th and 19th century.The examination of the founding texts of Boisguilbert and Cantillon, shows that the concept of competition covers two different contents.- On the one hand, the competition which is exerted on the site of a marketplace, on the long side of the marketplace, and which takes the form of conflictual behavior of outbidding or underbidding price.- On the other hand, the competition which is exerted from indications of price signal on the site of marketplace, and which takes the form of quantitative decisions, of réallocations of the goods, capital and men. This second significance gradually will supplant the first, until it made disappear the concept itself of encounter of market, in particular in the work of Turgot (with the general market). This same tendency appears in the mathematical analysis of Isnard, while at the same time Canard introduces a mathematical approach of the conflictual encounter of market.At the beginning of the 19th century, influenced by Smith amending the definition of the demand, Say confirms this disappearance, while Sismondi does not manage to dissociate the competitive processes. Thereafter, the authors of the French school, first and foremost Garnier and Molinari are then going to complete the blanking process of the competitive behaviour of the first type, in spite of the iconoclastic attempt of Walras which tries, unsuccessfully according to us, to give an account of it, with the concept of tâtonnement (groping).Finally, research shows that the absence of awareness of the duality of the concept of competition, made invisible the change of direction in the analysis of the encounter of market, in about 1760. A recognition of this duality could thus successfully reorientate contemporary research
25
Ueno, Daisuke M. B. A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Invisible helping hands : how can capital markets access the poor and promote entrepreneurial spirits? : an analysis of international microfinance investment potential and a proposal for securitization in a microfinance global pool". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37226.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59).
Donor grants and soft loans have been utilized by many microfinance institutions (MFIs) to support their operations. However, such grants and loans, already of limited size and availability, are becoming harder to access as the pool of global MFIs grows. Another option for MFIs is tapping international capital markets, international loan and security markets, but there are many barriers to this practice. This paper studies how MFIs and the poor who are seeking capital to foster their entrepreneurial spirits can overcome these barriers to access international capital markets and meet the growing micro finance demand. First, this paper establishes the degree of linkage between MFIs and international financial markets by reviewing the present funding condition of MFIs. It concludes that purely commercially based funding from capital markets is minimal except for some of the best managed MFIs. A huge gap exists between most other MFIs and international capital markets. Second, this palper studies the microfinance investment potential by analyzing the returns of one microfinance investment fund. It concludes that the profile of microfinance investment matches the needs of investors in capital markets.
(cont.) Investors in developed countries are always looking for investment products that mitigate their portfolio volatility. This paper verifies that microfinance has an attractive profile matching these needs, and offering stable return, as well as low correlation with stocks, bonds and macroeconomic factors. Capital market investors and microfinance have the potential to build win-win relationships. One of the remaining challenges of MFIs is generating required return commensurate with risks. Third, this paper proposes securitization in a microfinance global pool as a means to overcome the barriers to connecting MFIs and the poor to capital markets. In this securitization scheme, the global pool buys microcredits from MFIs, thereby 1) increasing return, 2) enabling many MFIs to obtain funds from capital markets by sharing fixed costs of funding, 3) reducing exchange rate and geographic concentration risks, and 4) creating secondary markets and liquidity. Some challenges to securitization still need to be overcome. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates that; securitization in the microfinance global pool will be an effective means to bridge the gap between capital markets and MFIs and the poor.
by Daisuke Ueno.
M.B.A.
26
Holm, Cyril. "F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236890.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection.
27
Huang, Chi-Se, e 黃奇瑟. "Invisible Hand: Adam Smith''s Political Economy". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16170716870065715256.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中山大學
政治學研究所
90
Abstract Adam Smith is one of the mostly widely read eighteenth-century thinkers, enjoying a scholar reputation among economist, social scientists, political theorists, as well as philosophers. It is frequently believed that the great eighteenth-century Scottish moral philosophy Adam Smith was an extreme dogmatic defender of laissez-faire. It seems clear that Adam Smith has undergone an ideologically based reinterpretation. Smith’s ”invisible hand” , the most famous metaphor in economics and social science, has been identical with the automatic equilibrating mechanism of the competitive market. Free-market exchanges can unintentionally produce economic well-being, but only under certain specific conditions. Smith’s thesis is that the invisible hand works because, and only when, people operate with restrains self-interest in cooperation with others under the precepts of justice. I found that public spirit, or civic virtue was, for Smith, a vitally important aspect of political economy. I noted that for Smith all constitutions must be judged by the happiness of the people who live under them. Thus, government plays the read role in securing the common good in society.
28
Hsin-ILin e 林忻怡. "A Case Study of eWOM:The Invisible Hand to create Blockbuster Success". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/knkr8v.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立成功大學
經營管理碩士學位學程(AMBA)
102
This study aims at finding the hierarchical importance of all the factors correlated with eWOM in the purchasing process. So the significant variables related to the reputation system and text of movie reviews accompanied by the data of daily box office revenue are collected to examine the explanatory power by SPSS. Explanatory power from each of the dimensions on the three-layer reputation hierarchy can testify the importance respectively. The top layer of our hierarchy is reputation followed by the sub-layer consisting of expertise and trustworthiness. The bottom layer underneath expertise is composed of knowledge embedded in each of the reviews and the competence contributed from each of the reviewer. Variables that belong to knowledge are mostly the text features and timeliness. Textual features are to represent the appropriate amount of knowledge in reviews. The reason why we place “timeliness” here is reviews from the public should be provided at least within the life cycle of movie. Additionally, to express competence, we implement the RFM model that is used to measure the influence of the reviewer. With regard to trustworthiness, whose attributes are consistent and reliable according to the Oxford English Dictionary, thus the sub-layer of trustworthiness is composed of quality of content and writing style whose factor attributes are deemed in accord with trustworthiness. The variables underneath quality of content are to some extent considered as the personality cue that are extracted from the perspectives of linguistics. As for writing style, we adopt the factors derived from LIWC factors and 4 crucial indicators of emotions. Observing the statistics output by implementing SPSS, the empirical results of the hierarchical regression are quite intuitive. Coinciding with the online user behavior patterns, timely reviews of sufficient information and high rating elevate the box office revenue especially in the opening week in theaters. In the subsequent weeks, the reviews in the brief and easy expression can promote the box office. Paradoxically, consumers prefer diverse opinions in the comparatively objective expression while the rating are on the high side. Our decipherment of the statistics conform to the principle to manipulate the viral marketing that is to create the uninterrupted buzz online no matter it is positive or negative. Our study exhibits the importance to create the heat of online discussion and signals the marketers what is required to pay close attention.
29
Tsai, Po-wen, e 蔡博文. "Deconstructing "The Invisible Hand" Discourse: An Essay on Reflections in Economic Methodology". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82222803185151095914.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立中山大學
中山學術研究所
93
The aim of this dissertation is to reflect on economic methodology. To reflect means to think about the relationship between researcher and the object of research. The object in mainstream economics is fixed in market realm. When the object is fixed then the focus in economic study is the method. Mainstream economics used equilibrium analysis method in order to make the research outcome be certainty. In the process of pursuing certainty the ontology of the object is neglected. The de-centering strategy we applied is deconstruction concept. My main reason for taking Derrida’s deconstruction as a starting point is to de-center the fixed center which operating mechanism is the invisible hand. In this dissertation the logic of deconstruction is “neither..or..” form and the steps are to undo and displace. In order to emphasize the multiples means and the relation of knowledge and power we use the term discourse. In chapter four we undo “the invisible hand” metaphor that is the center of market. The direct consequence of the undo process is the finding of the ontological implication. In chapter five we displace “the invisible hand” metaphor. Through rereading Adam Smith’s methodology we interpret invisible hand as causal relation and find the same ontological implication. Together with these two processes above we find out the inspiration for reflection of economic methodology that is to answer the most fundamental question about what is the economic object. In chapter six we call for discussion to bringing the ontology back into economics. We believe the study of economic ontology is a prerequisite for understanding economics as a scientific discipline. It is thus intended and hoped that this reflection will help to beyond the opposite between positivism and post-positivism. For the defined goal to coordinate the opposite we introduce philosopher Quine’s ontological method called ontological commitment. After the reflection we claim ：the method such as formation and econometric is important, but if we can emphasize the ontology of research object then the study will be activity. The defense of this claim is the main subject of this dissertation. Finally we just point out that if the claim is accepted, then something along this line of the attention is essential to the practice researcher. That is to take more time to think the nature of the research object when he construes a model.
30
Mojapelo, Maredi. "The invisible hand that shapes rental markets in the townships (North of Johannesburg)". Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/31209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A research report submitted to the School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Development Planning, 2020There is no doubt that the informal rental market (backyard rentals) has presented ordinary South Africans with a livelihood strategy that is not only benefiting the individual but the greater society. With so much rapid growth happening in the urban areas more especially in the peripheries the nature of how we understand rental markets is shifting. These markets seem to be producing more and more diverse rental options which cater for different people but more importantly, they cater also for the poor. Most of the time, the formal rental market is known to alienate the poor when it comes to housing. In the townships of Ebony Park and Kaalfonteinin Johannesburg, landlords are shaping how we understand rental, they are creating diverse backyard typologies which seem to be catering for the middle and lower class. Interestingly this trend has been a far-fetched goal of the post-apartheid government: to create neighbours that are socially mixed, affordable and diverse. The only issue is that the informal rental sector has been given little or no attention by the government. This research aims at investigating what are the factors that are contributing to such patterns in townships by looking at the supply side of the market (landlords) so that at least the government recognise this sector. The argument presented is that there is nothing special about the market, but instead, the market is highly influenced by the invisible hand. The argument is that when landlords pursue their selfish aims in the townships, they produce unintended consequences which are beneficial to society and government. As such if the government wants to intervene in this hand of the market it should bein a strategic way in which it does not disturb the invisible hand. Indeed ,the invisible hand somehow plays a role in how we understand the backyard rental market in the township. In the research it is evident that there are several factors that influences landlords to enter the market; however, from the township context four factors seem to be key (cognitive, space awareness, risk aversion and emotion). The research acknowledges that the aforementioned factors can be group into psychological factors. There are also non-psychological factors (law enforcement, policies, town-planning tools etc.) that come into play
CK2021
31
Basualdo-Delmonico, Antoinette M. "The invisible hand in youth mentoring: parent, mentor and agency perspective on parental role". Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13137.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Youth mentoring has become a popular program model promoting positive youth development and outpacing available research to guide all the programmatic growth. The systemic model of mentoring (Keller, 2005) expands the traditional mentor-youth dyadic focus of program development and evaluation, taking into account other important contextual and influencing factors including the role of parents, program staff and the larger agency. However, there remains an absence of literature that examines what is known about parental involvement and the role parents play in their child's formal mentoring relationship. This study explores the nature of parental involvement in formal community-based youth mentoring relationships.
An analysis was conducted of in-depth qualitative interviews collected at multiple data points from parents and mentors of 30 mentoring matches, selected from a larger longitudinal study of youth mentoring relationships, and one-time in-depth interviews with 12 staff members from the agencies supervising the mentoring matches conducted for the purposes of this study (a total of 162 transcripts). Thematic coding and narrative summaries were utilized to develop themes that were compared within and across cases. This analysis yielded three main findings regarding the nature of parental involvement in mentoring relationships and the beliefs surrounding it, namely 1) the presence of distinct assumptions and expectations held by participants regarding parents and their involvement in mentoring relationships, 2) the identification by participants of five parental roles that were both expected of and actually performed by parents in their child's mentoring relationship, and 3) the identification of three types of parent-mentor interactions, which contributed to the characterization of parent-mentor relationships based on a level of communication and a degree of closeness. These study findings bring the perspectives of parents to the forefront in the examination of parental involvement in mentoring, a topic that is only beginning to gain greater attention within mentoring literature and research. Together these findings suggest that programs may be missing opportunities to tap into an important yet undervalued resource of parents, in supporting and strengthening the youth-mentor relationship.
32
CAI, MING-SHU, e 蔡明樹. "Invisible hand ? How does Campaign Contribution work ? A Study of the 7th and 8th Legislators in Taiwan". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dzqmdg.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺北大學
社會學系
105
Political sociologists have long been analyzing campaign contribution data of businesses to evaluate the extent to which corporate power intervenes in political processes. There have been some studies dedicated in answering the critical questions inside the Legislative Yuan. However, none of those studies take initiatives participation and campaign contribution effect into account. In this paper, the campaign contribution data of corporates in the 2012 legislator election is collected and examined with 7th and 8th legislators. Empirical evidence shows that legislators initiative more legislation about corporate’s benefit are more likely to receive more campaign contribution. Moreover, each of legislators who received campaign contribution from the top 500 corporate are more likely to initiative more legislation about corporate’s benefit. These results indicate that corporate’s domination is more powerful in contemporary Taiwan.
33
Chen, Pin-Fan, e 陳品帆. "Pin-Fan Chen Piano Recital with a Supporting Paper Igor Stravinsky Sonata (1924): Neoclassicism and the Invisible Hand". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cjfqtb.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立交通大學
音樂研究所
103
While talking about classical music genre, sonata has been the representative of the 18th century for the greatest works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. However, since it is no longer the most prevailing music genre in the 19th and 20th centuries, why Stravinsky still uses the genre of sonata as his main composing element? According to the marks from Stravinsky’s drafts and the statement from his assistant, the fingerings on the music book are not merely prompts for pianist to follow, but what are his intentions beyond this? Furthermore, the social environment and atmosphere while composing the sonata is the postwar period of Franco-Prussian War and World War I. Therefore, the discussion is about whether the composing style gradually changed, from the extreme individualism and romanticism back to the classic collectivism behavioral model due to the experience of the two major wars.
34
Fu, Tina C. "The visible and invisible hand of computer technology in the library organization a study of Wisconsin academic libraries /". 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18806991.html.
Testo completo
35
Fei, Chen Po, e 陳伯妃. "The invisible hand how to take for Angel's Share: The whiskey market in Taiwan of Economic Sociology analysis". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/krbr3s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士東吳大學
社會學系
101
Human beings are obsessed with the stimulus of alcohol and get addicted to it for a long time in human history. The obsession of alcohol has contributed to the variety of economic and social structure. In addition to its power to help people overcome their social phobia, alcohol has also become the driving force of the reproduction of social relationship. After Taiwan entered WTO in 2002, whisky took over the place of brandy and became the favor of Taiwanese alcohol market. Single malt whisky has evolved as the top leader of the whisky market over the last 10 years. The madness for single malt Scotch whisky is a rare social phenomenon in the world. The consumption of whisky has multiple meanings which can be reflected on: the taste of consumption, the changing relationship between supply and demand, the acceleration of economic production and capital accumulation, and the ability to mend social relationship. Moreover, the consumption of single malt whisky has its implications to alter our society. Following Fligstein and the theory discussed in "The Architecture of Markets", this research discusses the extended meaning of Taiwanese whisky market in 1990s. This study, which employs the viewpoint of historical sociology developed by Braudel and Polanyi, focuses on the viewpoint of field of market and the economic sociology and observes the strategy of “stability” and “subsistence” in the economic activities of whisky. The purpose of this study is to interpret how the behavior of exchange establishes its exact position when benefits and capitalism filled the economic field; how the role of intervention and the visible hand influence the whisky culture and bring out the historical sequences as well as periodical characteristics. The research shows that the structure of whisky market in Taiwan is filled with the concept of control. In other words, upper dealers dominates the market and maintains the power over the market rules. Followers compete for more market shares and business interest by adopting a variety of ways to attract the consumers' attention. Instead of using price as a main competive strategy, market segmentation and product diversity has become the bargaining chips of this market competition. Market leaders have to retain sensitivity to the market and address the necessary response according to the challenge and threats.
36
Bösch, Lukas. "Seeking the Leviathan, the General Will and the Invisible Hand in Rural Guinea, West Africa: A Science of Human Nature". 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dissertation builds a bridge from the social-philosophical works of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Smith to current game theoretical models explaining social order to two empirical applications in a rural region of Guinea. The work focuses on the central role of natural resources for human societies and uses two empirical studies to test general hypotheses on the drivers of the sustainable exploitation and the equitable distribution of natural resources.
The work strictly follows a quantitative empirical approach. After discussing the methodological foundations of statistical causal analysis in a first step, the various approaches are evaluated in a simulation study. Finally, the most successful of these approaches finds its application in the analysis of the empirical data, which was collected during field research in Guinea.
In the observational study, socioeconomic data are combined with environmental data to model the influence of humans on the occurrence of wild species that are exploited for economic purposes in the study area. In the experimental study, socioeconomic data is linked to experimental data from a resource distribution game to identify factors affecting the people’s behavior when sharing a common natural resource.
Both the exploitation of wild species and the sharing of a natural resource show that the social context is crucial for the understanding of human behavior, as postulated by Hobbes, Rousseau, and Smith: reputation, market integration, inequality and homogeneity of the population, as well as the salience of moral norms and property rights are essential dimensions.Die Dissertation widmet sich der zentralen Rolle von natürlichen Ressourcen für menschliche Gesellschaften. Anhand zweier empirischer Studien werden allgemeine Hypothesen zu den Determinanten der nachhaltigen Ausbeutung und gerechten Verteilung von natürlichen Ressourcen getestet. Dabei wird in der Arbeit eine Brücke von den Werken der Sozialphilosophen Hobbes, Rousseau und Smith, über aktuelle spieltheoretische Modelle zur Erklärung sozialer Ordnung, hin zu zwei empirischen Anwendungen in einer ländlichen Region Guineas geschlagen. Die Arbeit folgt strikt einem empirischen quantitativen Ansatz. Nach der Erörterung der methodischen Grundlagen der statistischen Kausalanalyse werden die verschiedenen Ansätze im Rahmen einer Simulationsstudie evaluiert. Schließlich findet der erfolgreichste dieser Ansätze in der Auswertung der Daten, die bei der Feldforschung in Guinea erhoben wurden, Anwendung. In der Beobachtungsstudie werden sozioökonomische Daten mit ökologischen Daten verknüpft, um den Einfluss der Menschen auf das Vorkommen von wilden Arten, die zu ökonomischen Zwecken ausgebeutet werden, im Untersuchungsgebiet zu modellieren. In der Experimentalstudie werden sozioökonomische Daten mit Experimentaldaten aus einem Ressourcenverteilungsspiel verknüpft, um Faktoren zu identifizieren, welche sich auf das Verhalten von Menschen beim Teilen einer gemeinsamen natürlichen Ressource auswirken. Sowohl für die Ausbeutung der wilden Arten, wie auch für das gemeinsame Teilen einer natürlichen Ressource gilt, dass der soziale Kontext für das Verhalten der Menschen von großer Relevanz ist, wie von Hobbes, Rousseau und Smith postuliert: Reputation, Marktintegration, Ungleichheit und Homogenität der Bevölkerung sowie die Salienz moralischer Normen und Eigentumsrechte sind entscheidende Dimensionen.
37
BUKÁČKOVÁ, Tereza. "Teorie mravních citů a odkaz Adama Smithe v současné filosofii". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381335.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis deals with the theory of moral sentiments as put in Adam Smith's work. The thesis reflects the legacy of Adam Smith and enlightened sentimentalism as whole in field of contemporary philosophy and sociological science. Hence the thesis gives attention to misinterpretations of Smith's work, to his economical heritage with emphasis on Hayek's elaboration of the theory of spontaneous order (which has foundation in the notion of the "invisible hand") and also to his legacy in political philosophy. Here the thesis introduces particularly the debate on reflective autonomy, which is crucial for the lining of fundamental features of the disagreement between rationalistic and sentimentalistic account of the origin of morality, and tries to advocate the significance of sentimentalistic claims in todays society. The aim of this thesis is to convince the reader that the aspects of our mind, which the theory of moral sentiments and sentimentalism emphases and which are rather overlooked or devalued in todays world, are absolutely necessary in public debate.
38
Söderberg, Gabriel. "Constructing Invisible Hands : Market Technocrats in Sweden 1880–2000". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dominant market theories analyze markets as ahistorical entities without the need for professional groups that manage crucial functions within them. This thesis, in contrast, approaches markets as historical systems that develop over time and that can be constituted in many different ways because of different historical trajectories. Different professional groups managing market routines, further, are seen as a crucial part of markets. Two concepts are introduced: “market architecture”, the specific way a market is constituted at a given time; and “market technocrats”, the seemingly disinterested third party functionaries that manage routines in markets and advocate changes in market architecture. The thesis argues that market technocrats exist because of uncertainty and lack of trust between market actors, and that they are an important part of how market architectures develop over time. It presents an analytical framework for understanding market technocrats and how they interact with and develop markets. Four different aspects of market technocrats are explored: the process of establishing market technocrats in market routines; the capture of the authority of market technocrats by other market actors; the expansionistic behavior of market technocrats; and the way changes in economic theory, as an important part of how economists with technocratic authority advocate market change, can help to explain changes in markets. These aspects are explored through four empirical papers: The Market Technocracy of Import Substitution: The Role of Asymmetric Information and The Swedish Seed Association 1880–1935; Limits of Market Technocracy: Swedish Fertilizer Research and the Crisis of Objectivity 1945–1960; Central Banks, and the Pursuit of Influence, Prestige, and Legitimacy: The Creation of the Nobel Memorial Prize; and From Market Engineering to Institutional Engineering: Reform Economics in Sweden 1950–2000. The results of the papers form the basis of a hypothetical narrative of how the role of market technocrats has changed during the 20th century. This provides a roadmap for further research in the development of markets and the role of market technocrats.
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Wan-Lin, Tsai, e 蔡宛霖. "The Invisible Hands: Study on Tour Planner's Competency Model". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06854124926390133931.
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