Tesi sul tema "Investigations pénales"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-20 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Investigations pénales".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Maugard, Thomas. "La lutte moderne contre les trafics de stupéfiants en France : entre réalités pénales et pratiques policières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0038.
Testo completoThe fight against drug trafficking in France is, in general, run by the judicial and policing institutions. While they are doing everything possible to stop this scourge, they are overwhelmed by a set of constraints that creates distortions in their professional practices.As proven daily by the media that reports on societal issues, the French and European political commitment can no longer be questioned. Becoming more and more of a public order issue, the judicial investigation is formed by various acts of investigations that are devised by the French internal law, that is itself built on the jurisprudence from the European criminal law. The Poli-cing and judicial structures, despite having access to an arsenal of police units with an extensive investigation power from the delinquency procedures, fail to solve this global fight. Supported by examples from efforts made by Europe and France, the study shows that there is indeed a fight against drug trafficking, however lacking coordination of the means in use, especially when the strict laws in place against delinquents conflict from time to time with those of the Human rights
Peter, Marc. "L'appropriation des avoirs criminels : les saisies pénales spéciales garantissant la peine de confiscation, une étape majeure pour une stratégie pénale patrimoniale repensée ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0285.
Testo completoIn France, the money-laundering and trafficking fight is based on a apprehension of the illicit assets strategy. French law give to magistrates, and under conditions to investigators, very offensive prerogatives to seize property assets very early in the proceedings and regardless of the property and the presumption of innocence rights. However, the law largely reformed law of seizures by creating special criminal seizures, it did not provide a framework for confiscation enforcement. Indeed, confiscation remains the pivot of criminal property investigation, although special criminal seizures are now the driving force. The absence of a post sentential procedure is likely to open a new space of opportunity for the convicteds to dissipate part of their property. This is the reason why French criminal law should be updated to give justice a complete framework to ensure that crime does not pay
Baile, Alexandra. "L'encadrement juridique de l'expertise pénale". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0029.
Testo completoThe criminal expertise involves calling upon a specialist, knowledgeable in his/her field to shed light in criminal trial. Because of his/her level of competence, this expert witness is a key element in a criminal trial. His/her role in revealing the truth is essential and even more so when considering scientific progress. This major probative force greatly influences the judges’ personal convictions which can prove risky in the case of fallible and subjective analyses. Accordingly, it is necessary to tightly frame each step of the expert’s testimony. This need also stems from the possible conflict between the expertise and fundamental rights. Just like criminal proceedings, the criminal expertise collides with the contradiction between safeguarding public order by seeking the truth and preventing the expert’s testimony to infringe on individual rights. Therefore, the challenge in framing the criminal expertise lies in finding a balance between these two sometimes conflicting, safeguarding purposes. A need for balance is also evident when considering both the effectiveness of the criminal expertise and the respect of the rules for a fair trial where the principe of audi alteram partem is greatly important. Moreover, the criminal expertise faces factual obstacles which may hinder its implementation. This must be taken into account while establishing the criminal expertise framework. Thus, from the selection of the expert to the impact of the report, through the implementation of the task, the criminal expertise framework has to cope with difficulties and has to answer to a compelling need. This framework must be adjustable and conform to the society to which it applies. Although satisfying, it still could be improved. The current system might be subject to standardization, leading to a simplification of procedures. The criminal expertise framework must be specifically simple to be efficient because it addresses, for the most part, experts who, by definition, are no law experts
Roussel, Bruno. "Les investigations numériques en procédure pénale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0075.
Testo completoDigitalization has more effects on our society. So, the criminal inquiry must be adapted in order to include digital investigations. Those investigations allow accessing, gathering and creating data. In the current state of criminal proceedings in France, the digital information manipulated during investigative acts is separated, which undermines the efficiency of their exploitation as well as the protection of data subjects ' rights. This study proposes an approach that allows the analysis of all the digital information collected during a procedure, grouped, for better exploitation. Moreover, a lot of legal processing of personal data exist in France. Data recorded in those files are divided, and the same data is stored in many judicial files. Our work studies the possibility to aggregate some of the identical data, like identification or address in order to improve criminal proceedings
Dillenseger, Lauriane. "L'enquête pénale : réflexion sur une simplification de la procédure". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10028.
Testo completoThe aging procedural law for investigations coupled with lightning-quick legislative infiltration have undeniably complicated criminal investigations. It must be noted that the latter is currently spread across multiple branches in the Code de procédure pénale (French Criminal Code). Beyond the classic dichotomy in the framework of police investigations (On the spot and preliminary investigations) have grown others, recent creations for the most part, which have severely impaired the comprehension and clarity of the law; specifically, investigations into the death of a suspect, investigations for research purposes of people missing and presumed dead, investigations of fugitives, and finally special investigations related to organized crime. These are all just as much symbols of inadequate and obsolete investigations. Therefore, the objective is to simplify proceedings and offer police criminal investigations that are simple and balanced to both parties before the court and legal professionals. In other words, it is essential to provide the full clarity required for police criminal investigations that have been seriously clouded in recent years. As part of this objective to simplify, the role of the actors in the investigation, the court, as well as the investigative acts will be reviewed. For this purpose, particular attention will be paid to the European Convention on Human Rights and its related case law as well as rights of the defense, as they remain the keystone of a moderated system
Schenique, Laurie. "La réforme de la phase préparatoire du procès pénal". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0011.
Testo completoThe preparatory phase of a penal trial is a decisive stage. It is a variable period of time during which a case is prepared for judgement. The phase includes investigation, prosecution plus preliminary investigation & hearing stages. It takes place ahead of the penal trial. By definition it is complex and detrimental to the fundamental freedoms of the individual. Consequently, it is a period involving a tricky balancing act to reconcile two antagonistic interests: on the one hand, protecting society, by searching for the truth and the author of a crime, and, on the other hand, protecting the suspect. On-going developments in European law on Human rights and renewed criminal procedure sources raise issues in terms of the stance that French law will adopt on rules applicable to this fundamental stage in a penal trial. Anxious to achieve perfection, over the past twenty years the French legislator has persistently reformed the preparatory phase of the penal trial, on occasions even going as far as to overturn the balance of criminal matters in general. Thus, the roles of the institutional players in the penal trial and the rights granted to each of the parties during the preparatory phase stage have been considerably amended. Motivated by the ideal of creating a universal trial model based on a notion of fairness and an increased respect for defence rights, the legislator appears to be on a constant quest for the ideal criminal trial. However, is it really possible to reconcile the irreconcilable? Is the actual purpose of a criminal case to achieve a perfect balance between the safety of society and the protection of the individual? Isn’t such an idea utopian?
Mariat, Kevin. "L'équilibre des pouvoirs dans la phase préparatoire du procès pénal : réflexions françaises à la lumière des droits allemand et italien". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3023.
Testo completoThe pretrial process suffers from a blatant imbalance due to a dissemination of coercion toward the procedure’s upstream. Hence a dual translation of powers: from the judge to the prosecutor and from the prosecutor to the police. The reflex is then to compensate these new prerogatives of the investigation authorities by granting rights to private persons. However, this confuses the rights of private persons with the powers of institutional actors. By refocusing the reflection on the power relations between the judge, the prosecutor and the police, this thesis proposes to draw inspiration from publicist concepts to reflect on the possibility of a real balance of powers in the pretrial process of the criminal trial.To relativize French law, the reflection is based on a comparison with German and Italian laws, both having thoroughly reformed their preparatory phase several decades ago. The reflections proposed here on the balance of powers in the pretrial process of the criminal trial lead to broader questions about the overall balance of the procedure
Ashnan, Almoktar. "Le principe de complémentarité entre la cour pénale internationale et la juridiction pénale nationale". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1004/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to analyse the principle of complementarity, to show the specific character of the notion and to study its implementation in the light of the practice of the International criminal court (ICC) in order to highlight the political and legal obstacles. In accordance with Article 1, the Court is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions for crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crime of aggression. Under this principle, national jurisdictions have priority over ICC but the Court’s jurisdiction takes over when a State lacks the technical or legal means, which are necessary to try and punish the perpetrators of such crimes, or if a rigged trial took place. Therefore, complementarity aims to bring an end to impunity for those responsible for the most serious crimes of international concern. The Rome Statute, namely with the provisions of Article 17, indicates how to implement complementarity according to the criteria for admissibility which are inability, unwillingness and seriousness. Articles 18 and 19, for their part, provide the mechanism of preliminary ruling regarding admissibility and challenge. Furthermore, the role of the Security Council regarding complementarity is also considered as essential to understand the effectiveness and the legal impact of this Court. Powers which are conferred under the Rome Statute and chapter VII of the United Nations Charter allow the Security Council to refer a situation to the ICC, to suspend an ICC investigation, to require States to cooperate with the ICC, or to qualify a crime as aggression, and this despite the fact that the independence of the investigation and of the trial is the backbone of criminal justice ensuring it is efficient
Petit, Frère Renel. "La répression pénale de la criminalité organisée : étude comparée des droits français et haïtien". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30055.
Testo completoOrganized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings
Djeatsa, Fouematio Lionel. "L'efficacité de la justice répressive à l'épreuve du contradictoire". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30001.
Testo completoSafeguarding the interests of society implies a necessary but also effective enforcement. The latter can be provided efficiently by a search of evidence relating to the commission of an offense in order to know the author. This is the issue of criminal proceeding. However, if the protection of public peace authorizes and legitimizes this approach, the latter can not happen without limitations at the expense of individual rights. Therefore, a compromise must be made between apparently contradictory interests. Finding a balance between these two interests has had multiple expressions by legislative developments, the latter has shown a constant swing between these imperatives. There are situations in which it is necessary that justice officials respond. Thus, is justified the use of a body of specific rules by which the criminal justice response can be accomplished with minimal interference. The strengthening of the judicial police and procedural simplification, to name but a few, seem to be fully justified. However, it is reasonable to ask whether the increased role of the organs of the procedure should not be surrounded by limits to ensure that parliament’s objective, and only that objective. On the occasion of a comprehensive reflection of the place of the defendant during the criminal trial, this study leads first to question the scope of various reforms and the role of increasingly enhanced organs the procedure to be parallel dynamics can increase the pre-existing rights or create new rights of defense. The set of powers and rights which profiles the trial to give way under influence of the European Convention on Human Rights to reveal an adversarial criminal trial. Simply contradictory, but fully contradictory
Winckelmuller, Florie. "La mutation de la mise en état des affaires pénales à l'épreuve des droits européens". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA030/document.
Testo completoBeyond the inconstancy which defines the pre-trial phase of proceedings, it is characterised by its metamorphosis. Because of the multiplication of ways of dealing with delinquency and the increasing possibilities of police inquiry, the pre-trial phase of proceedings, which should have been just a precondition to the preliminary judicial investigation, turns out to be the common framework, in a system not built for it. It leads to the decline of the rights of defence and of the judge. Neither a global perspective of the procedure nor the last reforms, for the most part inspired by European laws, fully overcame it. Confronting the consequences of police inquiry increasing with European rights, highlights several concerns on the full compatibility of the current system with the supranational standards. They support accommodations, encouraged by the searchers as well as the professionals, to solve observed imbalances. If the compliance of French law must guide the recommended adjustments, they should be reviewed in the light of their impacts on the global system, where inquiry and information still coexist. The will of consistency may encourage to promote more measured solutions, combining a moderate strengthening of the rights during police inquiries to an articulation of the investigation proceedings frameworks, focused on a reinforced control of the judge. The perspective of the integration of an European Public Prosecutor’s Office, which creation was formally acknowledged October 12th 2017, characterised by its openness to other national legal systems, makes these propositions uncertain. At short or medium term, adjustments ensued by its integration will lead to rethink the pre-trial phase of proceedings, to ensure its balance and consistency
Doëns, Christine. "La recevabilité des actions devant la Cour pénale internationale". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0468.
Testo completoAdmissibility is the heart of the judicial process. It studies the criminalization of international life. It seems to account for the judicial response to the international resentment against the great criminal acts, whatever was the territory of commission.This thesis deals with the notion of admissibility before the ICC. With the creation of the ICC, International Criminal Justice is a new dimension. The practice of the Court is still new. The study is an excuse to investigate the operation of the ICC. States have tried to limit the ability to receive from the Court. They did so based on the principle of complementarity. It compensates the action or inaction of failing states, which have a duty to prosecute international crimes. Article 17 RS sets out exceptions to declare a case admissible before the ICC. Thus, the admissibility of a case which is the subject of an investigation will be accepted only, if it is shown that States did not intend genuinely to carry out prosecutions. And that furthermore, the threshold of gravity of a case is reached. The universal nature of the jurisdiction of the ICC is undermined by the conditions of admissibility. Analyzing the admissibility of competence as a condition rightly, for it is the failure of the state to ensure effective prosecution to justify that the case will be declared by the Court itself, admissible. The requirements for the Court to act, it is clear involvement of the system of admissibility as on the organization of the Court that its relationship with the United States. These are not insignificant. In fact, the system will evolve admissibility. It is characterized by its ability to influence the law. Thus, the decision to receive should encourage States to adapt their domestic law. The viability of the Court, in the long run depends on maintaining a synergy of cooperation with national courts of States Parties and other States. The system of admissibility tends to highlight indicators emerging in the practice of the International Criminal Court. This is especially striking realignment of the roles of international actors and the new relationship established between the States and the Court. The system of admissibility of the Court tends to erode the principle of state sovereignty, without itself being swept by the opposition of sovereign states
Lassalle, Maxime. "L'accès extraterritorial aux données bancaires dans le cadre de l'enquête pénale : perspective transatlantique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100096/2019PA100096.pdf.
Testo completoJudicial cooperation no longer seems to be the preferred mean of extraterritorial access to bank data in criminal matters. While in the area of access to telecommunications data, the decline of judicial cooperation is taking place in favor of direct access to data held by transnational companies, such direct access does not seem to be developing with banks, even if it exists in practice. It is rather the development of the role of financial intelligence units that seems to be emerging. Leaving the framework of judicial cooperation without departing from the principle of cooperation between States, extraterritorial access is also detached from the guarantees traditionally attached to judicial cooperation, which are supposed to guarantee both the respect of States' sovereign interests and the protection of individuals' rights. While the attributes of States' sovereignty tend to fade away in financial investigations, the emergence of the interests of individuals to maintain control over their data tends to increase.In this context, it is not the multiplicity of forms of extraterritorial access that is problematic in itself, but the fact that the coexistence of these different forms tends to multiply the possibilities of conflicts between national visions of the legitimacy of access to bank data. Because these conflicts create risks to both the individuals' rights and the effectiveness of access, one solution would be to find an agreement to end them. However, this would only be possible under two conditions: mutual recognition by the States involved of equivalence between their investigative authorities and the investigative authorities of their partners, and an agreement on the conditions regulating this access to take into account data subjects' and banks' rights
Allafi, Mousa. "La cour pénale internationale et le conseil de sécurité : justice versus maintien de l'ordre". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1002/document.
Testo completoThe international criminal Court system (ICC) whose mission is to ensure international justice, is based on a close relationship with the security Council. So it is proper to wonder about the Council’s role in the functioning of international criminal justice. Such a questionning is fundamental, for the intervention of a political body into the functioning of a judicial body calls into question the missions of both institutions. The Council’s interference in the activity of the ICC, based on its mission of maintaining international peace, is actually carried out on behalf of an international order intended by the Council itself. This role affects the functioning, the independence and even the impartiality of the ICC. The powers the Rome Statute gives to the Council allow it to refer to the ICC, to impose for the States to cooperate with the Court, to suspend its activity or also to qualify an act as a crime of aggression. However the relations between the Council and the ICC should not be subordinated, but maintained in mutual respect. Thus there is a real concern regarding the observance of the Rome Statute by the Council. The study highlights the conflict between justice and politics and reveals the current issues in terms of international criminal justice
Soubise, Laurene. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2031.
Testo completoTasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services.This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system
Marty, Marie. "La légalité de la preuve dans l'espace pénal européen". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0107/document.
Testo completoAdmissibility of evidence is one of the most crucial and complicatedissues in the European Union’s area of freedom, security and justice. However, thedifficulties regarding the use of evidence gathered in one Member State inproceedings in another Member State through the mechanisms of judicialcooperation seems to have been underestimated by the European Union legislator,and this despite the success of criminal proceedings with a cross-border characterbeing considered a priority for the last fifteen years. Indeed, the EU’s criminal policyhas been striving for the strengthening of the efficiency of judicial cooperationbetween judicial authorities. This requires the improvement of the instrumentsdedicated to obtaining criminal evidence. Thanks to the principle of mutualrecognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters, based on mutual trust betweenMember States, the differences between and potential incompatibilities of nationalsystems should not be an obstacle to the free circulation of evidence in the EUcriminal justice area.However, this theoretical justification is not sufficient to ensure mutual admissibility ofevidence, as the good administration of evidence remains a national issue, with awide margin of appreciation accorded to the national judge. Furthermore, both thestudy of national procedural norms and the study of the European Union legalframework show deficiencies, requiring a coherent concept for the protection offundamental rights in criminal proceedings at the EU-level. A better and harmonisedprotection of procedural guarantees is the path to ensure the mutual admissibility ofevidence, overcoming national differences
Addesa-Pelliser, Elena. "Le Gafi, l'investigation financière criminelle (IFC) et l'analyse financière criminelle (AFC) : un changement paradigmatique à l'oeuvre". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/Addesa_Elena_2019_ED101.pdf.
Testo completoFATF was created in 1989. Since its 2012 40 recommendations, it promotes fighting against money laundering by triggering a parallel and proactive Criminal financial investigation (CFI) from the very outset of a criminal investigation. CFI is a judicial and technical tool. FATF assigned it three tasks: “to identify the extent of criminal networks and/or the level of crime; to identify and track the proceeds of crime; to establish evidence that may be produced in criminal proceedings”. This is done through Criminal financial analysis (CFA). The potential of CFI/CFA needs exploring. A 30-year paradigmatic shift is still on-going: CFI/CFA, if systematic and structured, can reveal crime’s DNA, be used as a catalyst for new insight and help criminal sciences architectural shift from a silo structure into a matrix, more efficient system
Abuanzeh, Amal. "Les garanties relatives à la garde à vue. Comparaison entre le droit français et le droit jordanien". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT3006.
Testo completoArrest is always a topical subject, so, to evoke it from the point view of public safety, makes it possible to eliminate the associated notions of darkness and uncertainty. Re-examining arrest through the legal framework and with respect to human rights has highlighted commonalities but, more importantly, differences between French and Jordanian legislation. For the former, the main characteristic is its evolution, under the pressure of European authorities, towards a fairer trial, with the rights of the individual being strengthened. The latter is characterised by insufficient regulation, dominated by the general interest and the manifestation of truth, to the detriment of human rights. Effective protection of public safety, during the deprivation of liberty before trial, requires the verification by human and technical means, always in comparative law. Two words summarize the effects of this control, in these two rights, they are unstable and theoretical. The balance to be found between, on the one hand, the needs of the investigation to confound the perpetrators of the offence and, on the other hand, the protection of the person in custody, is complex and fluctuating, sometimes depending on the context of insecurity. French law, without offering the absolute panacea of an important legislation on police custody, should help guide Jordanian reflection, based on its successes but also its shortcomings, towards becoming more formalized in its Code of Criminal Procedure, in the desire for an adaptation in conformity with its cultural values
Dornier, Orane. "Juges et membres du ministère public dans l'avant-procès, l'exemple de l'Allemagne et de la France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D019.
Testo completoIn 2009 the “Léger Commission” proposed new guidelines for judicial criminal pre-trial which were very much like the ones found in the German judicial system. The main suggestion was to suppress investigating judges and give the Public Prosecutor Office most of their powers and trusts. However, France gave up the idea after a former German Minister of Justice launched a warning against it in the Council of Europe on the grounds that it might only serve personal interest. Yet, why should a German Minister of Justice issue such a reminder? As a matter of fact, there are currently no Investigating Judges in Germany and the Public Prosecutor as a public official is still strongly connected to the Executive Authority. Could there be differences which would explain why the German judicial system is compatible with the main principles which apply to proceedings in criminal matters, even though the French “Léger Commission” guidelines, which are very close to the German system ones, have been criticized by the Council of Europe? In what ways can comparative law help us further understand the legal issues raised by the investigating judges, source of continuing concern in France? This PhD thesis aims at providing some answers to these questions while trying to avoid an outsider’s dry approach to a country’s laws, what Jean Carbonnier referred to as le mythe du législateur étranger. The purpose is to go deep into the heart of the German and French proceedings in criminal matters by comparing them thoroughly and considering the paramount influence of the European Union and of the Council of Europe. There will be a critical approach towards the proceedings and an assessment of the pre-trial operational balance acknowledging the leading principles of penal procedure, judicial independence and neutrality, as well as the fundamental rights and freedoms of those affected. In order to decide whether there should be investigating judges, it is necessary to examine more deeply the role played by those who would replace them, namely Public Prosecutors and other pretrial judges like the liberty and custody judge in France or the judge of the investigations in Germany. Would their legal status, duties and effectiveness be different? There will also be a thorough analysis of the principles governing mandatory and discretionary prosecutions, principles which have been applied differently in Germany and in France, and which can have a real influence on the existing national judicial system balance
Thiam, Sangoné. "Droits de la défense et enquête policière". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2034/document.
Testo completoDid the person who dared to infringe a value criminally protected by the society deserve any defense from that latter? This defence has been controversial for a long time, while some have been in favor, others have been resolutely hostile. The compromise consisted in refusing the rights of the defense in the police investigation by adopting an inquisitorial system and devoting them largely in the judgment phase with an adversarial system. This diversity of the procedure seems a priori to answer the conflicting interests at the heart of the criminal proceedings. But in the light of fundamental rights and under the influence of international and European provisions, this conception of procedure becomes inappropriate. The rights of the defense, as well as the rights to fair trial must no longer be limited, they must govern the entire procedure from the police investigation to the trial stage. How would rights that initially applied only before an independent and impartial jurisdiction break into the police investigation without the existence of a judge providing guarantees equivalent to those of the trial court? If the legislator first introduced the rights of defense in the criminal investigation phase, the decline of the latter in favor of the police investigation should push him to extend them. In fact, this is what he has started to do, but in a timorous way. Not only does the effectiveness of the rights of the defense in the police investigation require to be enlarged, but it also allows putting in place an independent and impartial judge responsible for ensuring their full implementation as in the trial stage. A jurisdictionalization of the police investigation is now a requirement