Tesi sul tema "Interstellar matter"
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Hopwood, Madelaine E. L. "Interstellar matter in globular clusters". Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323681.
Testo completoDanforth, Charles Weston. "Interstellar matter kinematics in the magellanic clouds". Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080648.
Testo completoHurst, Mark Edward. "Observational studies of stellar, circumstellar and interstellar matter". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312198.
Testo completoKristen, Helmuth. "Dynamics of the interstellar matter in galaxies : isolated barred spiral galaxies : cloud formation processes /". Stockholm : Univ, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008210174&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Testo completoMalawi, Abdulrahman Ali. "Atomic hydrogen associated with high latitude IRAS cirrus clouds". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664465.
Testo completoRoser, Joseph E. Vidali Gianfranco. "Laboratory simulations of chemical reactions on dust grains in the interstellar medium". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Testo completoSmith, Keith T. "Studies of interstellar matter on scales from 10AU to 10 kpc". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12504/.
Testo completovan, Dishoeck E. F. "Interstellar C2, CH, and CN in Translucent Molecular Clouds". Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona (Tucson, Arizona), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623918.
Testo completoWalker, Constance Elaine. "A submillimeter-millimeterwave study of the molecular gas in the nuclear regions of three nearby starburst galaxies". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185738.
Testo completoPorayko, Nataliya Konstantinovna [Verfasser]. "Probing the Interstellar Medium and Dark Matter with Pulsars / Nataliya Konstantinovna Porayko". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207923710/34.
Testo completoKlessen, Ralf S. "The relation between interstellar turbulence and star formation". Thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/122/.
Testo completoDiese Arbeit fasst diese neuen Überlegungen zusammen, erweitert sie und formuliert eine neue Theorie der Sternentstehung die auf dem komplexen Wechselspiel von Eigengravitation des Wolkengases und der darin beobachteten Überschallturbulenz basiert. Die kinetische Energie des turbulenten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes ist typischerweise ausreichend, um interstellare Gaswolken auf großen Skalen gegen gravitative Kontraktion zu stabilisieren. Auf kleinen Skalen jedoch führt diese Turbulenz zu starken Dichtefluktuationen, wobei einige davon die lokale kritische Masse und Dichte für gravitativen Kollaps überschreiten koennen. Diese Regionen schockkomprimierten Gases sind es nun, aus denen sich die Sterne der Milchstrasse bilden. Die Effizienz und die Zeitskala der Sternentstehung hängt somit unmittelbar von den Eigenschaften der Turbulenz in interstellaren Gaswolken ab. Sterne bilden sich langsam und in Isolation, wenn der Widerstand des turbulenten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes gegen gravitativen Kollaps sehr stark ist. Überwiegt hingegen der Einfluss der Eigengravitation, dann bilden sich Sternen in dichten Gruppen oder Haufen sehr rasch und mit grosser Effizienz.
Die Vorhersagungen dieser Theorie werden sowohl auf Skalen einzelner Sternentstehungsgebiete als auch auf Skalen der Scheibe unserer Milchstrasse als ganzes untersucht. Es zu erwarten, dass protostellare Kerne, d.h. die direkten Vorläufer von Sternen oder Doppelsternsystemen, eine hochgradig dynamische Zeitentwicklung aufweisen, und keineswegs quasi-statische Objekte sind, wie es in der Theorie der magnetisch moderierten Sternentstehung vorausgesetzt wird. So muss etwa die Massenanwachsrate junger Sterne starken zeitlichen Schwankungen unterworfen sein, was wiederum wichtige Konsequenzen für die statistische Verteilung der resultierenden Sternmassen hat. Auch auf galaktischen Skalen scheint die Wechselwirkung von Turbulenz und Gravitation maßgeblich. Der Prozess wird hier allerdings noch zusätzlich moduliert durch chemische Prozesse, die die Heizung und Kühlung des Gases bestimmen, und durch die differenzielle Rotation der galaktischen Scheibe. Als wichtigster Mechanismus zur Erzeugung der interstellaren Turbulenz lässt sich die Überlagerung vieler Supernova-Explosionen identifizieren, die das Sterben massiver Sterne begleiten und große Mengen an Energie und Impuls freisetzen. Insgesamt unterstützen die Beobachtungsbefunde auf allen Skalen das Bild der turbulenten, dynamischen Sternentstehung, so wie es in dieser Arbeit gezeichnet wird.
Understanding the formation of stars in galaxies is central to much of modern astrophysics. For several decades it has been thought that the star formation process is primarily controlled by the interplay between gravity and magnetostatic support, modulated by neutral-ion drift. Recently, however, both observational and numerical work has begun to suggest that supersonic interstellar turbulence rather than magnetic fields controls star formation.
This review begins with a historical overview of the successes and problems of both the classical dynamical theory of star formation, and the standard theory of magnetostatic support from both observational and theoretical perspectives. We then present the outline of a new paradigm of star formation based on the interplay between supersonic turbulence and self-gravity. Supersonic turbulence can provide support against gravitational collapse on global scales, while at the same time it produces localized density enhancements that allow for collapse on small scales. The efficiency and timescale of stellar birth in Galactic gas clouds strongly depend on the properties of the interstellar turbulent velocity field, with slow, inefficient, isolated star formation being a hallmark of turbulent support, and fast, efficient, clustered star formation occurring in its absence.
After discussing in detail various theoretical aspects of supersonic turbulence in compressible self-gravitating gaseous media relevant for star forming interstellar clouds, we explore the consequences of the new theory for both local star formation and galactic scale star formation. The theory predicts that individual star-forming cores are likely not quasi-static objects, but dynamically evolving. Accretion onto these objects will vary with time and depend on the properties of the surrounding turbulent flow. This has important consequences for the resulting stellar mass function. Star formation on scales of galaxies as a whole is expected to be controlled by the balance between gravity and turbulence, just like star formation on scales of individual interstellar gas clouds, but may be modulated by additional effects like cooling and differential rotation. The dominant mechanism for driving interstellar turbulence in star-forming regions of galactic disks appears to be supernovae explosions. In the outer disk of our Milky Way or in low-surface brightness galaxies the coupling of rotation to the gas through magnetic fields or gravity may become important.
Marshall, J. P., D. V. Cotton, K. Bott, S. Ertel, G. M. Kennedy, M. C. Wyatt, C. del Burgo, O. Absil, J. Bailey e L. Kedziora-Chudczer. "POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS OF HOT DUST STARS AND THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM". IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621381.
Testo completoWalker-Smith, Samantha. "A submillimetre study of gas and dust in star-forming regions in our galaxy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708300.
Testo completoBrown, Michael S. "Lifetimes and oscillator strengths for ultraviolet transitions in singly ionized copper /". Conect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1234986660.
Testo completoTypescript. " As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Physics." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 21-22.
Ritchey, Adam M. "The Abundance of Boron in Diffuse Interstellar Clouds". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1250896589.
Testo completoTypescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Physics." Bibliography: leaves 113-121.
Wong, Oiwei Ivy. "Star formation and galaxy evolution of the local universe based on HIPASS /". Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00004069.
Testo completoCernicharo, José. "Matiere diffuse et molecules interstellaires". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077028.
Testo completoBothwell, Matthew Stuart. "Galaxy evolution : near and far". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265602.
Testo completoFaure, Mathilde. "Évolution des glaces et des composés organiques interstellaires et cométaires : étude expérimentale et analyse des données VIRTIS/ROSETTA". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY084/document.
Testo completoComets are remnants of the "solar nebula", i.e. the protoplanetary disk from which our solar system formed. They are composed of ice and dust containing minerals and organic materials and molecules. The comets' composition reflects at the first order that of interstellar ices. However, this relationship has not been proven. During the pre-accretional phase, the comet material has potentially undergone the action of many physical processes (heat, UV and particule radiation) which have undoubtedly altered its structure and composition.This thesis objective is to better understand, through laboratory experiments, the effect of heating and ion irradiation processes on cometary matter analogues (ice and carbonaceous materials). Some of these experiments focuses on the evolution of the organic molecules deuteration during ice heating. They were conducted at the IPAG (Institute of Planetology and Astrophysics of Grenoble) and the PIIM (Physics Laboratory of Ionic and Molecular Interaction) in Marseille. They demonstrate that isotopic equilibration takes place during crystallization, on a timescale of an hour at temperatures above 120 K, for the chemical groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water (OH and NH2 chemical groups). Thus, this equilibration erases the initial fractionation of certain molecules or certain chemical groups, during the post-sublimation phase. This result explains in particular the selective deuteration of isotopologues methanol in protostars hot cores.A second part of the thesis focused on the study of the formation of refractory organic matter found in asteroids and comets. Heating and irradiation experiments were conducted at the IPAG, at the GANIL (Grand National Accelerator heavy ion) in Caen, and the CSNSM (Nuclear Sciences Centre and the Material Sciences) in Orsay. We show that heating simple precursors above 400° C allows the formation of disordered polyaromatic carbons whose structure is close to that observed in the primitive objetcs of the solar system. Ion irradiation effects are more difficult to assess because they depend on the stopping power of precursors target and projectile ions. Nevertheless, constraints on maximum nuclear doses received by primitive matter are deducted (D>14 eV/atom). Ultimately, these simulations demonstrate that heating processes appear to be much more likely than radiolytic processes, but a combination of the two can not be ruled out
Caux, Emmanuel. "Observation et interpretation de l'emission de la galaxie dans les domaines infrarouge et submillimetrique". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30267.
Testo completoHunt, Maria, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds: a millimetre-wave study of dense cores". THESIS_CSTE_EID_Hunt_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/116.
Testo completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
White, Douglas W. "Studies of solid carbon dioxide in interstellar ice analogs subject to thermal processing". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/white.pdf.
Testo completoTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed July 20, 2010). Additional advisors: Mian M. Abbas, Renato P. Camata, Sergey B. Mirov, Thomas M. Orlando. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117).
Hunt, Maria. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds: a millimetre-wave study of dense cores". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/116.
Testo completoMaskoliūnas, Marius. "Tarpžvaigždinės ekstinkcijos tyrimas Slibino-Cefėjaus žvaigždynų ribos kryptimi". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_174706-99268.
Testo completoThe Milky Way region in the direction of the Cepheus contains several star forming regions. The area of 1.2*1.2 deg size at l=102.4 , b=+15.5 are investigated using CCD photometry in the Vilnius system and described in this work.
Itam-Pasquet, Johanna. "Recherche de variations temporelles de l’extinction interstellaire : intérêt pour la détection de matière sombre baryonique dans notre Galaxie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT337/document.
Testo completoThe scaling laws and the very appearance of the interstellar medium suggest that this medium might have a fractal structure. The smallest structure of gas called clumps might have a radius about few astronomical units and a very low temperature of few kelvins, making them very difficult to detect. That is why, cold, dense, molecular clouds could be ideal candidates for baryonic dark matter. Because of their low temperature, they do not radiate, and seem to be dark.The aim of this thesis is to highlight observational clues on the existence of clumps by comparing apparent magnitudes of stars at different times, and towards different directions in the Galaxy. If a molecular fractal cloud lies behind a star, it will be obscured or occulted within a certain time (depending on the velocity of each object and on observational time). Therefore the goal of this thesis is to detect magnitude-time variations of stars compatible with an obscuration event.First, we did a complete photometric data reduction of observations of a globular cluster, NGC 4833, carried out by D. Puy and D. Pfenniger in January and July 2006. We wanted to detect obscuration events of stars in NGC 4833, in a six-month period. Then, we used public data of several globular clusters observed by the Hubble Space telescope.Finally, we developed machine learning methods to detect obscuration events in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Stripe 82.No obscuration events were detected either in several globular clusters, or in the Stripe 82 survey. However, we performed simulations of a fractal cloud to estimate probabilities of obscuration events. They show that such events are very rare, allowing us to develop a new observational strategy for increasing the probability of detecting obscuration events. Moreover, machine learning methods used in this study are applied to other variable objects, such as quasars which are numerous inside Stripe 82 survey, and could be used to other variables objects such as supernovae for example
Stantcheva, Tatiana. "Application of stochastic approaches to modeling of interstellar chemistry". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1085581872.
Testo completoTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 146 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-146). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Boulanger, François. "Emission infrarouge du milieu interstellaire". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066279.
Testo completoFrank, Stephan. "O VI absorbers in SDSS spectra". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222116379.
Testo completoHunt, Maria. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds : a millimetre-wave study of dense cores /". View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030416.160909/index.html.
Testo completoJuárez, Rodríguez Carmen. "Collapse scenarios in magnetized star-forming regions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459253.
Testo completoLa turbulencia, el campo magnético y la gravedad juegan un papel importante en la formación estelar. Aunque se ha mostrado que el campo magnético es importante, sólo se han llevado a cabo un número limitado de trabajos combinando el estudio del campo magnético y la cinemática del gas. Este tipo de trabajos son esenciales para estudiar la gravedad y la dinámica del gas y poder compararlas con el campo magnético a las mismas escalas espaciales. En este trabajo combinamos estudios de polarización a partir de la emisión del polvo, con el análisis de la cinemática del gas en diferentes regiones de formación estelar. El objetivo es estudiar las propiedades físicas a escalas de núcleos densos (<0.1 pc) a partir de la emisión molecular y del polvo, y estudiar el papel del campo magnético en la evolución dinámica de las regiones. Para ello hemos utilizado datos observacionales milimétricos y submilimétricos. Los estudios se han realizado en 3 regiones de formación estelar. El núcleo pre- estelar FeSt 1-457 localizado en un entorno aislado y muy magnetizado en la nebulosa de la Pipa. NGC 6334 V, una región de mayor masa, en un estado evolutivo más avanzado y en un entorno rodeado de otras regiones de formación estelar masiva. Y L1287, una región menos masiva pero con características similares a NGC 6334 V, con presencia de gas de alta velocidad y fuentes centimétricas e infrarrojas. Los estudios del núcleo pre-estelar FeSt 1-457 y la región de formación estelar de alta masa NGC 6334 V, muestran como el campo magnético ha sido superado por la gravedad y no es suficiente para evitar el colapso gravitatorio. Además NGC 6334 V y la región de menor masa L1287 presentan escenarios muy similares, con el material convergiendo desde escalas grandes hacia los pozos de potencial de ambas regiones a escalas más pequeñas a través de flujos de gas denso separados por 2-3 km/s. En un escenario parecido, FeSt 1-457 se encuentra justo en la zona donde parecen converger dos flujos de gas denso separados por 3 km/s.
Stanimirović, Snežana. "The complex nature of the ISM in the SMC : an HI and infrared study /". View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030826.143835/index.html.
Testo completo"A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Western Sydney Nepean" "July, 1999" Bibliography : p. 177-185.
Nishiuchi, Mamiko. "X-ray study of Hot Plasmas in the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Magellanic Clouds - evolution from supernova remnants toward interstellar matter". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150823.
Testo completoGiesen, Gaelle. "Dark Matter Indirect Detection with charged cosmic rays". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112160/document.
Testo completoOverwhelming evidence for the existence of Dark Matter (DM), in the form of an unknownparticle filling the galactic halos, originates from many observations in astrophysics and cosmology: its gravitational effects are apparent on galactic rotations, in galaxy clusters and in shaping the large scale structure of the Universe. On the other hand, a non-gravitational manifestation of its presence is yet to be unveiled. One of the most promising techniques is the one of indirect detection, aimed at identifying excesses in cosmic ray fluxes which could possibly be produced by DM annihilations or decays in the Milky Way halo. The current experimental efforts mainly focus in the GeV to TeV energy range, which is also where signals from WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are expected. Focussing on charged cosmic rays, in particular antiprotons, electrons and positrons, as well as their secondary emissions, an analysis of current and forseen cosmic ray measurements and improvements on astrophysical models are presented. Antiproton data from PAMELA imposes contraints on annihilating and decaying DM which are similar to (or even slightly stronger than) the most stringent bounds from gamma ray experiments, even when kinetic energies below 10 GeV are discarded. However, choosing different sets of astrophysical parameters, in the form of propagation models and halo profiles, allows the contraints to span over one or two orders of magnitude. In order to exploit fully the power of antiprotons to constrain or discover DM, effects which were previously perceived as subleading turn out to be relevant especially for the analysis of the newly released AMS-02 data. In fact, including energy losses, diffusive reaccelleration and solar modulation can somewhat modify the current bounds, even at large DM masses. A wrong interpretation of the data may arise if they are not taken into account. Finally, using the updated proton and helium fluxes just released by the AMS-02 experiment, the astrophysical antiproton to proton ratio and its uncertainties are reevaluated and compared to the preliminarly reported AMS-02 measurements. No unambiguous evidence for a significant excess with respect to expectations is found. Yet, some preference for thicker halos and a flatter energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient starts to emerge. New stringed constraints on DM annihilation and decay are derived. Secondary emissions from electrons and positrons can also be used to constrain DM annihilation or decay in the galactic halo. The radio signal due to synchrotron radiation of electrons and positrons on the galactic magnetic field, gamma rays from bremsstrahlung processes on the galactic gas densities and from Inverse Compton scattering processes on the interstellar radiation field are considered. With several magnetic field configurations, propagation scenarios and improved gas density maps and interstellar radiation field, state-of-art tools allowing the computaion of synchrotron and bremssttrahlung radiation for any WIMP DM model are provided. All numerical results for DM are incorporated in the release of the Poor Particle Physicist Coookbook for DM Indirect Detection (PPPC4DMID). Finally, the possible GeV gamma-ray excess identified in the Fermi-LAT data from the Galactic Center in terms of DM annihilation, either in hadronic or leptonic channels is studied. In order to test this tantalizing interprestation, a multi-messenger approach is used: first, the computation of secondary emisison from DM with respect to previous works confirms it to be relevant for determining the DM spectrum in leptonic channels. Second, limits from antiprotons severely constrain the DM interpretation of the excess in the hadronic channel, for standard assumptions on the Galactic propagation parameters and solar modulation. However, they considerably relax if more conservative choices are adopted
Ryan, Garrett. "Maximum Mass Restraint of Neutron Stars: Quarks, Pion, Kaons, and Hyperons". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1535.
Testo completoEdwards, Samuel Joseph. "Experimental Studies of Ion-Neutral Chemistry Related to the Extraterrestrial Environment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2224.
Testo completoPassot, Thierry. "Simulations numeriques d'ecoulements compressibles homogenes en regime turbulent : application aux nuages moleculaires". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077141.
Testo completoNercessian, Eric. "Formation de molécules interstellaires : observations millimétriques et modélisations de sources moléculaires : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10107.
Testo completoJoubaud, Théo. "Etude de la superbulle d'Orion-Eridanus : gaz, champs magnétiques et rayons cosmiques". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7077.
Testo completoMost of the supernovae in our Galaxy explode in massive stellar clusters. Together with the winds and intense radiations from the most massive stars, they create 100-pc-scale, hot expanding bubbles, called superbubbles. Such sites are prime targets to study stellar feedback on the interstellar medium. Theys sweep up gas and magnetic fields. They create cavities filled with turbulent plasmas and shock waves. This type of environment can impact cosmic-ray propagation. The superbubble contribution to the production of Galactic cosmic rays is still unknown. In 2011, the γ-ray Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected a cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays in the Cygnus X superbubble. This discovery called for investigations of other massive stellar clusters. The proximity of the Orion-Eridanus superbubble makes it a good candidate. We have studied the closer, Eridanus, side of the superbubble, seen far from the Galactic plane. We have used information across the electromagnetic spectrum to study the superbubble gas and magnetic-field structures. From the velocity information of the H I and CO emission lines, we have identified several gas shells related to the superbubble and we have derived a global expansion velocity of 20 km s−1 . Using 3D dust reddening maps, we have confirmed our shell separation and found that their distances range from about 150 pc to 250 pc from the Sun. X-ray absorption constrained their location relative to the hot gas filling the superbubble interior. The latter appears to be heterogeneous, with a mix of 0.3-1.2 MK and 3-9 MK gas along the lines of sight. Lastly, we have studied the plane-of-sky component of the magnetic field with dust polarised emission observed by Planck. The magnetic field along the outer rim and in the approaching wall of the superbubble appears to be shaped and compressed by the ongoing expansion. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and requiring consistency with the gas dynamics through the outer shock, we have found plane-of-sky field strengths from 3 to 15 µG along the rim. We have studied the cosmic-ray content of the superbbuble using 10 years of Fermi-LAT data between 0.25 and 63 GeV. In this energy range, the γ radiation mainly traces cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar gas. We have thus modelled the spatial and spectral distributions of the γ rays borne in the different gas phases (atomic, molecular, dark, and ionised). The model includes other non-gaseous components to match the data. We have found that the γ-ray emissivity spectrum of the gas along the outer rim and further inside the bubble is consistent with the average cosmic-ray spectrum measured in the local interstellar medium and in the Solar System. This homogeneity shows that little cosmic-ray production and re-acceleration is taking place inside the superbubble. We discuss the implications for cosmic-ray transport conditions. We also find significant evidence that a diffuse atomic cloud lying outside the superbubble, at an altitude of 200-250 pc below the Galactic plane, is pervaded by a 34% lower cosmic-ray flux, but with the same particle energy distribution as the local one. We tentatively propose that the cosmic-ray loss relates to the orientation of the magnetic field lines threading the cirrus, which point towards the halo. Finally, we have gathered the present emissivity measurements with previous estimates obtained around the Sun to show how the local cosmic-ray flux decreases with Galactic altitude and to compare with model prediction
Ratajczak, Alexandre. "Echanges hydrogène/deutérium dans les glaces interstellaires : une origine de la deutération sélective". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767169.
Testo completoButtice, Vincent. "Caractérisation et étalonnage de la caméra de l'expérience ballon PILOT (Polarized Instrument for Long wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium)". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946880.
Testo completoBouilloud, Randriarimanana Fanomezantsoa M. Michaëlle. "Synthèses et études d'analogues à la matière organique cométaire". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1146/document.
Testo completoComets are very interesting for planetology as well as for exobiology. On one hand, held in the furthest and coldest regions of our solar system and due to their small size, they might not have been altered since their formation. The study of comets should allow a better understanding of the physic-chemical processes occurring during the Solar system formation. On the other hand, the analysis performed in 1986 on the environment of 1P/Halley showed the presence, in the cometary dust, of organic matter. Thus, comets might have brought organics on primitive Earth which might have contributed to the apparition of life. Nevertheless, the nature of these organics is still not well-known. Cometary organics might have been synthesized from the ices detected in interstellar medium which are submitted to different energetic processes. The aims of the experimental work performed during this thesis are to characterize the different steps of the synthesis of complex organic matter contained in comets from the interstellar ices. I studied : i) The quantification of interstellar ices detected around young stellar objects ii) The characterization of the photolysis process to which ices are submitted and iii.) The nature of the organic compounds produced during these processes. Once mixtures and energetic processes are under control, we can make cometary organic analogs. Infrared observations have revealed the presence of several molecules in the solid phase around young stellar objects. To precise their molecular abundances, I have measured the integrated cross sections, also called band strengths, of 8 molecules (H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, NH3, CH4, HCOOH and H2CO). Indeed, this spectroscopic parameter is required for the quantification of these molecules and some values presented in literature are scattered. The new measurements performed during this thesis, which are based on a bibliographic review of densities and optical indices in the visible range, confirm the values already used for the quantification of CO2, CO, CH4, NH3. But this work also underlines that abundances of CH3OH, H2CO and HCOOH in interstellar medium are still uncertain. In the solid phase, wavelength dependence of photolysis is often neglected. Thanks to two VUV lamps, for which the spectral irradiances have been characterized, I measured the production quantum yield, in two wavelength ranges, of C2H6 and CO, during photolysis of CH4 and CO2 respectively. Thanks to this study, I point out that quantum yield depends on the photolysis wavelength. Thus, the extrapolation of the experimental results to different astrophysical medium implies a good knowledge of VUV spectra. The final objective of experimental simulations is to foresee the nature of cometary organic matter by reproducing, as realistic as possible, the chemistry occurring in interstellar ices. Methane has been detected in the solid phase in the interstellar medium, but few studies implying methane have been undertaken. Thus, I have photolyzed a mixture composed of H2O: CH3OH: NH3: CH4 (10:1:1:2) during 26 hours at low temperature and then I applied a heating process. The influence of initial methane in the ice chemistry is demonstrated by the presence of its main photoproducts, C2H6, after photolysis. But while increasing temperature, methane and its photoproducts seem to sublimate. Therefore, with or without methane, chemistry occurring at temperature higher than 200K seems to be very similar. I conclude than methane does not have significant influence on ice chemistry
Shrestha, Manisha, Hilding R. Neilson, Jennifer L. Hoffman e Richard Ignace. "Polarization Simulations of Stellar Wind Bow Shocks. I. The Case of Electron Scattering". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2691.
Testo completoKollmeier, Juna Ariele. "The intergalactic medium absorption, emission, disruption /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1153856075.
Testo completoKlement, Robert, Anthony C. Carciofi, Thomas Rivinius, Lynn D. Matthews, Rodrigo G. Vieira, Richard Ignace, Jon E. Bjorkman et al. "Revealing the Structure of the Outer Disks of Be Stars". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2693.
Testo completoArab, Heddy. "Evolution des poussières interstellaires : apport des données de l'observatoire spatial Herschel". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829096.
Testo completoGomas, Yves. "Jean DUFAY (1896-1977), professeur, astrophysicien et directeur d’observatoires". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1087/document.
Testo completoWe trace the life and career of Jean Dufay, and at the same time, this allows us to study the development of observations and astrophysical research in the Lyon and Haute-Provence Observatories.Jean Dufay was born in Blois in 1896. After his military involvement in the First World War, he joined the ENS and passed the agrégation in physics in 1921. He taught for seven years in high schools, while preparing a PhD thesis, presented in 1928 : Research on Light in the Night Sky.He then chose a new career and entered the Lyon Observatory in 1929, as an assistant astronomer. He became director of the institution in 1933 and directed his team’s work towards research in stellar astrophysics. Besides, in 1932, Jean Dufay joined the ministerial commission studying the creation of an astrophysics observatory. In 1937 he was appointed director of this future institution, which would later become the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP). While keeping his post of manager of the Lyon Observatory, he coordinated the construction and equipment of the OHP, which in 1959 became one of the most modern ones in Europe, with a 193 cm telescope associated with a large spectrograph.Jean Dufay was at the helm of the two observatories until his retirement in 1966, while teaching at the Faculty of Sciences and keeping up his astrophysical research. He published numerous articles and several books. He chaired a commission of the IAU, and gained genuine recognition in the international scientific community of his time.Jean Dufay was one of the actors of the renewal of astronomy in France, in the second third of the twentieth century. When he arrived in Lyon, the observatory mainly worked for positional astronomy, with methods that had been unchanged since 1880. In less than ten years, this kind of research fell into disuse and was replaced by precision photometry and spectrophotometry. After the Second World War, astrophysical practices were integrated for good into Lyon Observatory, which then works in synergy with OHP
Neilson, Hilding, Richard Ignace, Beverly Smith, Gary Henson e Alyssa Adams. "Evidence of a Mira-like tail and bow shock about the semi-regular variable V CVn from four decades of polarization measurements". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6233.
Testo completoFresneau, Aurélien. "Simulations expérimentales en laboratoire pour la préparation à l'analyse des données issues de missions spatiales, ainsi que pour l'étude de l'impact en exobiologie de l'évolution de la matière organique au sein d'environnements astrophysiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4760/document.
Testo completoDust grains located in dense molecular clouds play a major role in the formation of complex organic molecules. These grains are covered by icy mantles containing primitive molecules. Dense molecular clouds can collapse and lead to the formation of planetary systems such as our own. During this evolution, the grains are exposed to energetic processes which transform the organic matter inside the ices. The grains are ultimately incorporated into small solar system bodies such as comets and asteroids, which can then contribute to the exogenous delivery of organic matter on Earth. In this context, this thesis focuses on simulating the chemical evolution of ices. To that end, ice analogues are formed by condensing a relevant gas mixture on a cold substrate. These interstellar ice analogues are irradiated with UV photons and/or heated in order to simulate astrophysical processes. An organic residue is formed which we characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and very high resolution mass spectrometry (VHRMS) by Orbitrap.First, we performed mechanistic studies focused on the formation of aminoalcohols and hydroxynitriles from the warming of ices containing acetaldehyde (CH$_3$CHO) or acetone ((CH$_3$)$_2$CO) with NH$_3$, HCN and H$_2$O. Secondly, we studied the global composition of residues made from irradiation and warming of ices containing H$_2$O, CH$_3$OH, and NH$_3$. We present a new approach to interpret Orbitrap data of the residues. Similarities observed with meteoritic organic matter analyses found in the literature could mean that some of the evolution that led to meteoritic organic matter is shared with the evolution of our residues
Habibi, Farhang. "Searching for missing baryons through scintillation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625486.
Testo completoFresneau, Aurélien. "Simulations expérimentales en laboratoire pour la préparation à l'analyse des données issues de missions spatiales, ainsi que pour l'étude de l'impact en exobiologie de l'évolution de la matière organique au sein d'environnements astrophysiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4760.
Testo completoDust grains located in dense molecular clouds play a major role in the formation of complex organic molecules. These grains are covered by icy mantles containing primitive molecules. Dense molecular clouds can collapse and lead to the formation of planetary systems such as our own. During this evolution, the grains are exposed to energetic processes which transform the organic matter inside the ices. The grains are ultimately incorporated into small solar system bodies such as comets and asteroids, which can then contribute to the exogenous delivery of organic matter on Earth. In this context, this thesis focuses on simulating the chemical evolution of ices. To that end, ice analogues are formed by condensing a relevant gas mixture on a cold substrate. These interstellar ice analogues are irradiated with UV photons and/or heated in order to simulate astrophysical processes. An organic residue is formed which we characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and very high resolution mass spectrometry (VHRMS) by Orbitrap.First, we performed mechanistic studies focused on the formation of aminoalcohols and hydroxynitriles from the warming of ices containing acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) or acetone ((CH₃)₂CO) with NH₃, HCN and H₂O. Secondly, we studied the global composition of residues made from irradiation and warming of ices containing H₂O, CH₃OH, and NH₃. We present a new approach to interpret Orbitrap data of the residues. Similarities observed with meteoritic organic matter analyses found in the literature could mean that some of the evolution that led to meteoritic organic matter is shared with the evolution of our residues