Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Interruption.
Tesi sul tema "Interruption"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Interruption".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
YAU, Sze Yuen. "Effect of self-interruption and external interruption on error detection". Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/psy_etd/2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Knowledge workers are frequently bombarded with interruption and are required to constant multitask. Previous observational studies found that frequent interrupted activities cause more errors and induce feelings of stress and frustration. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate how interruption affects error detection performance. Current error detection research focused on the effectiveness of different checking methods. In this thesis, we concentrate on the psychological mechanism of error detection. A series of experiments was carried out to examine the effects of self-interruption (i.e. the pilot study and Study I) and external interruption (Study II) on error detection performance respectively.
The pilot study and Study I focus on the effects of working memory (WM) load and capacity. The pilot study employed a think-aloud technique to verify the predictions on WM and self-interruption. The results suggest that low-capacity individuals (LWMC) rehearsed more frequent than high-capacity individuals (HWMC). In other words, LWMC have more self-initiated interruptions during the primary error detection task. Study I was carried out to test the generated predictions from the pilot study. A reliable interaction effect WM load × capacity was found: LWMC performed significantly worse in higher WM load conditions; however, HWMC’s performances were unaffected by higher WM load.
Study II focuses on the effect of interruption task types and position. There was no difference between the different interruption task types proposed. However, a significant main effect was found in interruption position: participants performed significantly worse in terms of both error detection and resumption when they were interrupted just before the actual field is displayed (i.e. between-fields interruption) compared to when they can see what is in the field (i.e. within-field interruption).
The results are explained in terms of Salvucci and Taategen’s (2008) threaded cognition. The concurrent execution of error detection and WM tasks in Study I is interpreted as concurrent multitasking performance; whereas the sequential execution of error detection and interrupting tasks is interpreted as sequential multitasking.
The current study contributed to the understanding of error detection performance by examining the roles of both self-interruption and external interruption and extends the application boundary of threaded cognition to interpret the effect of interruptions.
2
Melnyk, Davyd. "Beckett and interruption". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580321.
Testo completo
3
Dzobo, Oliver. "Risk-based interruption cost index based on customer and interruption parameters". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8683.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references.Modern competitive electricity markets do not ask for power systems with the highest possible technical perfection, but for systems with the highest possible economic efficiency. Higher economic efficiency can only be achieved when accurate and flexible analysis tools are used. Thus, the modelling of reliability inputs, methodology applied in assessing supply reliability and the interpretation of the reliability outputs should be carefully considered in power system management. In order to relate investment costs to the resulting levels of supply reliability, it is required that supply reliability be quantified in a monetary way. This can be done by calculating the expected interruption costs. Interruption costs evaluation, however, cannot be done correctly in all cases by methods that are based on the commonly used average values. It is the objective of this thesis to find a new way of calculating interruption costs which would combine the precision of a probabilistic method with the flexibility and correctness of customer and interruption parameters. A new reliability worth index was found, based on customer and interruption parameters. This new index was called a Risk-based interruption cost (RBIC) index and is described in detail in this thesis. The technique applies a time-based probabilistic modelling approach to network reliability worth parameters. The approach uses probability distribution functions to model customer interruption costs (CICs) while taking into account seasonal, day-of-week and time-of-day infl uences. In addition, customer specific parameters - economic activity, energy consumption, turnover and power interruption mitigation measures are used to segment electricity customers into customer cluster segments of similar cost profiles. Unlike the conventional deterministic approach, the new technique thus considers variability in CICs. The new model and methods to calculate the new reliability worth index have been implemented in a computer program and the accuracy of the calculation method was tested in various case studies and by comparison with the traditional average process. This research shows that probability density functions are superior to deterministic average values when modelling reliability worth parameters. Probability distribution functions reflect the variability in reliability worth parameters through their dispersion and skewness. Disregarding the effects of probability distribution of the interruption cost leads to large errors, up to 40% and more, in the calculated expected interruption costs. The actual error in specific reliability worth calculations is hard to estimate. It is however clear that this error cannot be simply ignored. Furthermore, the risk-based approach applied to the interpretation of risk-based interruption cost (RBIC) index significantly influences the perception on the network's reliability performance. The risk-based approach allows the uncertainty allowed in a network planning or iv operation decision to be quantified. Use of the new reliability worth index offer more flexibility in reliability worth assessment and produce more accurate results. It can be used in all areas of power system reliability worth assessment which have always been exclusive domain of the average process.
4
Patel, Anjali R. "Wonder as an Interruption". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459438263.
Testo completo
5
Meyer, Valérie. "Interruption sélective de grossesse". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M046.
Testo completo
6
Addas, Shamel. "Examining the impacts of information technology interruptions on individual and group performance: does interruption type matter?" Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116974.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite the widespread occurrences of information technology (IT) interruptions in the workplace – defined as perceived, external events that are induced by or mediated by IT, with a range of content that captures cognitive attention and breaks the continuity of primary task activities – this phenomenon has received scant attention in the extant research. This dissertation aims at explicating the nature of IT interruptions and examining their impacts on the performance of individuals and groups. Three essays comprise this dissertation, with each addressing one of the following questions: (1) What are the different types of IT interruptions, and how does each type affect individual performance? (2) What are the cognitive and behavioral performance impacts of email interruptions? What are the moderating and mediating effects that shape these relationships? (3) What are the group-level effects of IT interruptions? The main premise is that variations in individual and group performance are associated with the type of IT interruption faced by individuals as they conduct their work. Whereas much of the prior literature has conceptualized IT interruptions as a monolithic, mostly negative phenomenon, this dissertation develops a taxonomy of different interruption types and shows how the distinct types exhibit performance effects that range from positive to negative. The first essay develops a taxonomy of IT interruptions with help from a multidisciplinary review of the work interruptions literature. This essay also develops propositions that link each interruption type with performance measures for individuals working in project environments. A qualitative inquiry comprising 21 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with team members from eight new product development organizations is conducted. The results provide preliminary support for the taxonomy and propositions, in addition to uncovering a third type – "hybrid IT interruptions" – with its distinct performance effects. The second essay deepens our understanding about the impacts of IT interruptions on individual performance, by proposing a model that focuses on the mediating and moderating factors. Drawing upon theories of cognitive psychology (cue utilization theory and mindfulness theory), it is posited that subjective workload and mindfulness fully mediate the effects of email intrusions and email interventions on performance, respectively. The model is tested with 365 sales professionals working in the business-to-business industry. Results support the full mediation model and show that there are compensating mechanisms that help reduce the negative effects on performance. The third essay is a conceptual paper that examines the impacts of IT-triggered interruptions at the group level. Drawing on coordination theory, it is proposed that IT interruptions are initially experienced at the individual level, but create multilevel effects as a result of interdependencies among group members' tasks. On the one hand, intrusions debilitate group coordination effectiveness and these effects can be mitigated by exercising task organization coordination. On the other hand, interventions enhance coordination effectiveness by leveraging group problem-solving coordination mechanisms. Overall, this dissertation enhances our understanding of IT interruption and the effects of different types of interruptions on individual and group-level outcomes.Malgré la fréquence et l'ampleur des interruptions des technologies de l'information (TI) au travail – définies comme des événements causés ou transmis par les TI qui captent l'attention cognitive et rompent la continuité d'une tâche primaire – ce phénomène a fait jusqu'ici l'objet de peu d'attention dans les travaux actuels de recherche. La thèse explique la nature des interruptions des TI et examine leurs effets sur la performance des personnes et des groupes. La thèse est composée de trois articles, chacun étant consacré à l'une des questions suivantes : (1) Quels sont les différents types d'interruptions des TI et comment chaque type influence-t-il la performance individuelle ? (2) Quels sont les effets cognitifs et comportementaux d'interruptions par courriel ? Quels sont les effets de médiation et de modération de certains facteurs cognitifs sur la performance individuelle ? (3) Comment les interruptions influencent-elles la performance d'un groupe ? Selon l'hypothèse de base, les fluctuations de la performance individuelle et collective sont associées au type d'interruptions des TI auxquelles font face les individus dans le contexte de leur travail. Alors que la plupart des recherches ont conceptualisé les interruptions des TI comme un phénomène monolithique et négatif, la thèse élabore une taxonomie des différents types d'interruptions et montre comment ces types produisent des effets sur la performance qui peuvent être positifs ou négatifs. Le premier article élabore une taxonomie des interruptions des TI à l'aide d'un examen pluridisciplinaire des études sur les interruptions de travail. Cet article comprend également des propositions servant à établir un lien entre chaque type d'interruptions et la performance des individus travaillant dans des équipes de projets. Nous avons mené une enquête qualitative se composant de 21 entrevues semi-structurées auprès de membres d'équipes dans huit organisations de développement de nouveaux produits. Cette étude offre un support préliminaire à la taxonomie et aux propositions. De plus, nous avons dégagé un troisième type (les « interruptions technologiques hybrides ») qui exerce des effets particuliers sur la performance. Le deuxième article approfondit notre compréhension au sujet des impacts des interruptions des TI sur la performance individuelle en proposant un modèle qui met l'accent sur les facteurs de médiation et de modération qui façonnent ces relations. En nous appuyant sur les théories de la psychologie cognitive, nous postulons que la charge de travail subjective et l'attention (« mindfulness ») produisent une médiation entre les différents types d'interruptions par courriel et la performance. Une enquête empirique auprès de 365 professionnels commerciaux travaillants dans le secteur des ventes a été conduite. Les résultats soutiennent le modèle de médiation et montrent que certains mécanismes de compensation aident à réduire les effets négatifs sur la performance. Le troisième article consiste en une analyse conceptuelle où sont examinés les impacts des interruptions des TI à un niveau collectif. En s'appuyant sur la théorie de la coordination, on postule que les interruptions des TI sont ressenties au départ à l'échelle individuelle, mais qu'elles entraînent des effets à un niveau collectif en raison des interdépendances qui existent entre les tâches des membres du groupe. D'un côté, les intrusions affaiblissent l'efficacité de la coordination du groupe, mais ces effets peuvent être atténués par la coordination de l'organisation des tâches. D'un autre côté, les interventions renforcent l'efficacité de la coordination en accentuant l'effet des mécanismes de coordination des efforts de résolution de problèmes du groupe. Globalement, cette thèse permet de mieux comprendre les interruptions des TI et les effets de différents types d'interruptions de la technologie sur les performances individuelles et sur celles des groupes.
7
Pinchevski, Amit. "Interruption and alterity : dislocating communication". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19515.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This project attempts to question the way the relation between communication and ethics has traditionally been conceptualized, and to offer an alternative perspective on that relation. An implicit premise in many communication theories is that successful communication is ethically favorable, particularly in facilitating ideals such as greater understanding, participation and like-mindedness. Contrary to that view, this project proposes that ethical communication may lie in the interruption of communication, in instances wherein communication falls short, goes astray or even fails. Such interruptions, however, do not mark the end of ethical communication but rather its very beginning, for it is in such moments that communication faces the challenge of otherness. Mobilizing relevant ideas from the work of French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas to the field of communication studies, this project proposes the concept of interruption as the main correlative between ethics and communication. The investigation then sets out to explore three limit-cases in which the stakes of ethical communication are most crucial: understanding and misunderstanding, communicability and incommunicability, and silence and speech. The discussion employs a distinctive approach to study the place of alterity in communication: dislocation—a double gesture which implies both tampering with the proper activity of communicational procedures and pointing to the ethical possibilities opened up by interruptions. The issues above are addressed through critical analyses of themes such as: universal language or the undoing of Babel; the ethical significance of misunderstanding and the challenge introduced by translation; autism as a paradigmatic case of incommunicability in medical, scientific and social discourses; the epistemological status and the ethical stakes of incommunicability; and, finally, the ethical dimension of free speech, the significance of silence and the responsibility to the silent Other.
8
Monroe, Casady Brooke. "An Interruption to the Landscape". Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456660.
Testo completo
9
Sturgess, Helen Mary. "Towards a Language of Interruption". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My research paper is an attempt to begin to articulate and document my lived experience of being both a mother and an artist. Underpinned by research into the cultural and social history of the experience of mothering and the cultural institution of ‘motherhood’, I revisit and reinterpret some of my earlier works, and explore issues of identity brought up by the relational experience of mothering. I seek out other women who are, or have been, both mothers and artists – particularly sculptors – whose work relates to their subjective experiences of mothering. From them I select and investigate both works, and reflections, which I feel resonate with my own experience of combining the roles of mother and artist. Against this background I describe and interpret my own recent body of work, drawn from my subjective experience of becoming, and being, a mother whilst continuing my artistic practice.
10
Sturgess, Helen Mary. "Towards a Language of Interruption". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of Visual ArtsMy research paper is an attempt to begin to articulate and document my lived experience of being both a mother and an artist. Underpinned by research into the cultural and social history of the experience of mothering and the cultural institution of ‘motherhood’, I revisit and reinterpret some of my earlier works, and explore issues of identity brought up by the relational experience of mothering. I seek out other women who are, or have been, both mothers and artists – particularly sculptors – whose work relates to their subjective experiences of mothering. From them I select and investigate both works, and reflections, which I feel resonate with my own experience of combining the roles of mother and artist. Against this background I describe and interpret my own recent body of work, drawn from my subjective experience of becoming, and being, a mother whilst continuing my artistic practice.
11
Gould, A. J. J. "What makes an interruption disruptive? : understanding the effects of interruption relevance and timing on performance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1458627/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Interruptions disrupt activity, hindering performance and provoking errors. They present an obvious challenge in safety-critical environments where momentary slips can have fatal consequences. Interruptions are also a problem in more workaday settings, like offices, where they can reduce productivity and increase stress levels. To be able to systematically manage the negative effects of interruptions, we first need to understand the factors that influence their disruptiveness. This thesis explores how the disruptiveness of interruptions is influenced by their relevance and timing. Seven experimental studies investigate these properties in the context of a routine data-entry task. The first three experiments explore how relevance and timing interact. They demonstrate that the relevance of interruptions depends on the contents of working memory at the moment of interruption. Next, a pair of experiments distinguish the oft-conflated concepts of interruption relevance and relatedness. They show that interruptions with similar content to the task at hand can negatively affect performance if they do not contribute toward the rehearsal of goals in working memory. By causing active interference, seemingly useful interruptions that are related to the task at hand have the potential to be more disruptive than entirely unrelated, irrelevant interruptions. The final two experiments in this thesis test the reliability of the effects observed in the first five experiments through alternative experimental paradigms. They show that relevance and timing effects are consistent even when participants are given control over interruptions and that these effects are robust even in an online setting where experimental control is compromised. The work presented in this thesis enhances our understanding of the factors influencing the disruptiveness of interruptions. Its primary contribution is to show that when we talk about interruptions, ‘relevance’, ‘irrelevance’ and ‘relatedness’ must be considered in the context of the contents of working memory at the moment of interruption. This finding has implications for experimental investigations of interrupted performance, efforts to under- stand the effects of interruptions in the workplace, and the development of systems that help users manage interruptions.
12
Kazi, Sadaf. "Using interruptions to study associations in prospective memory". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51776.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Prospective memory (ProM) consists of remembering that some action needs to be performed in the future and when (detecting the Intent Trigger), and what the action is (Recalling the Content of the trigger). The Intent Trigger is bound by a forward association to the Content Recall, and the Content Recall has a backward association to the intent Trigger. In situations which present multiple, interleaving ProM tasks to operators it is not known how subsequently-presented ProM tasks interfere with the associations between the Intent Trigger and Content Recall of the original ProM task. Objective: The current study investigated the effect of presenting multiple, interleaved ProM tasks on timely detection of the Intent Trigger and accurate Recall of the Content of the original ProM task. Method: Participants encoded a ProM task (AB) in an air traffic control simulation. They then were interrupted with a second ProM task. The ProM interruption task was different from the original ProM task in either the Intent Trigger (AB, CB), Content Recall (AB, AD), or both Intent Trigger and Content Recall (i.e., a new ProM task, AB, CD). A control condition involved interrupting the participant with a weather report. Results: Detection of the Intent Trigger was significantly worse after a ProM interruption as compared to a weather interruption; a similar pattern of results, but with marginal significance, was also found for Content Recall. Additionally, a ProM task that interfered with backward association (AB, CB) was no better or worse than doing two unrelated ProM tasks (AB, CD) on the detection of the Intent Trigger. However, a task that presented a new forward association (AB, AD) was worse than performing two unrelated ProM tasks (AB, CD) on Recall of the Content. The results are discussed in the context of designing memory aids to support interleaved ProM tasks in dynamic environments.
13
Shpanin, Leonid Michael. "Electromagnetic arc control for current interruption". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428253.
Testo completo
14
Ibrahim, Mahmoud. "Conception et optimisation d'Alimentations Sans Interruption". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT053/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La conception des Alimentations Sans Interruption (ASI) a fait l’objet d’améliorations successives ces dernières années afin d’atteindre des niveaux de rendement avoisinant les 95% tout en minimisant leur encombrement. L’utilisation massive de l’électronique de puissance pour ces systèmes conduit à y concentrer tous les efforts de conception pour augmenter à la fois le rendement et la densité de puissance. Les développements constants en électronique de puissance offrent au concepteur des multitudes d’options, parmi elles, les topologies de puissance multi-niveaux et/ou entrelacées pour réduire le volume des composants passifs, les nouvelles technologies des matériaux semi-conducteurs avec l’introduction des composants grand gap, ainsi que l’avancée technologique sur les matériaux utilisés dans les composants passifs. Le choix entre ces options est un compromis pour atteindre les objectifs prédéfinis, particulièrement lorsque d’autres contraintes apparaissent pour limiter l’espace des solutions possibles, notamment l’aspect thermique, les limites technologiques ou les contraintes CEM. Ces travaux proposent la mise en œuvre de dimensionnements par optimisation multi-objectifs de l’ensemble du convertisseur avec toutes ses contraintes. Ceci offre un outil rapide pour comparer les différentes possibilités de conception optimale capable de quantifier le gain apporté au convertisseur par les différentes solutions. Pour ce faire, les différents choix topologiques et technologiques ont été traités par le développement de modèles multi-physiques acceptant des paramètres d’entrée discrets. Ainsi, les convertisseurs optimisés répondent naturellement aux contraintes industrielles cadrées par des catalogues de fournisseurs spécifiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons commencé par dresser les différentes contraintes énergétiques imposées sur l’ASI dans son environnement. L’identification des solutions adaptées à sa conception est réalisée à travers un état de l’art des recherches dans le domaine de l’électronique de puissance. Des modèles génériques des structures de puissance, ainsi que des modèles multi-physiques discrets des composants sont ensuite développés à la base des approches analytiques assurant le bon compromis entre précision et rapidité de calcul. Finalement, une méthodologie d’optimisation multi-objectif et multi contraintes est réalisé sur l’ensemble des solutions pour quantifier les performances atteintes par chacune d’elles. Des travaux expérimentaux nous ont été indispensables pour valider les modèles et les solutions optimales. Sur la base des résultats d’optimisation un convertisseur PFC de 4.2kW/L a été construit est ses performances ont été validéesThe design of Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) has been successively improved in recent years to achieve efficiency levels of around 95% while minimizing their footprint. The massive use of power electronics for these systems is led to focus all design efforts to increase both efficiency and power density. The constant developments in power electronics provide the designer many options, among them the multi-level and/or interleaved power topologies in order to reduce passive components size, the new technologies of semiconductor materials with the introduction of grand gap components and advanced technology on passive components materials. The choice between these options is a compromise to achieve the predefined objectives, particularly when other constraints appear to limit the space of possible solutions, including thermal aspect, technological limitations or EMI constraints. This work proposes the implementation of multi-objective optimization methodology for the design of power converters with all its constraints. This offers a quick tool to compare the different possibilities of design and to quantify the improvement provided to the converter. To do this, different topological and technological choices were studied with the development of multi-physics models. These models can take discrete variables as input. So, optimized converters could meet industrial requirements covered by real components and their datasheets. To do this, we first establish the different constraints imposed on the UPS within its environment. Identifying solutions to design is carried through a state of the art research in the field of power electronics. Generic models of power structures and discrete multi-physical models of the components are then developed based on analytical approaches by ensuring a good compromise between accuracy and speed of calculation. Finally, multi-objective and multi constraints optimization methodology is performed on the set of design choices to quantify the performances achieved by each of them. Experimental work has been essential for us to validate the models and optimal solutions. Based on the optimization results PFC converter of 4.2kW/L was built is its performance has been validated
15
Drapac, Brittany E. "DeCONstruct: Patterns in Social/Spatial Interruption". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1209156745.
Testo completo
16
Rizet, Corentin. "Amélioration du rendement des alimentations sans interruption". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651973.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les Alimentations Sans Interruption sont utilisées pour assurer la qualité et la continuité de l'énergie fournie aux charges sensibles. Basées sur deux conversions d'énergie électrique, ces alimentations supportent en permanence la puissance de la charge, rendant crucial leur rendement. Cette thèse a exploré différentes voies d'amélioration du rendement du commutateur assurant la conversion : le choix des composants semi-conducteurs, celui de la structure de conversion et du mode de fonctionnement. Le filtrage a été pris en compte sans faire l'objet d'investigations poussées. La méthode d'estimation du rendement, exploitant des données des constructeurs, a permis de quantifier l'impact et les limites de chaque voie explorée. Plusieurs structures de conversion multi-niveaux en commutation douce ont été développées, utilisant un pôle résonant. Enfin, plusieurs expérimentations ont validé les modèles utilisés, le concept du pôle résonant et la réalisation d'un prototype fonctionnel de 125 kVA.
17
Ma, Zhao. "Reactor current interruption by gas insulated switchgear". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481658.
Testo completo
18
Wan, Jordan (Jordan X. ). "Assisting interruption recovery in mission control operations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
Frequent interruptions are commonplace in modem work environments. The negative impacts of interruptions are well documented and include increased task completion and error rates in individual task activities, as well as interference with team coordination in team-based activities. The ramifications of an interruption in mission control operations, such as military command and control and emergency response, can be particularly costly due to the time and life-critical nature of these operations. The negative impacts of interruptions have motivated recent developments in software tools, called interruption recovery tools, which help mitigate the effects of interruptions in a variety of task environments. However, mission control operations introduce particular challenges for the design of these tools due to the dynamic and highly collaborative nature of these environments. To address this issue, this thesis investigates methods of reducing the negative consequences of interruptions in complex, mission control operations. In particular, this thesis focuses on supporting interruption recovery for team supervisors in these environments, as the research has shown that supervisors are particularly susceptible to frequent interruptions. Based on the results of a requirements analysis, which involved a cognitive task analysis of a representative mission control task scenario, a new interruption recovery tool, named the Interruption Recovery Assistance (IRA) tool, was developed. In particular, the IRA tool was designed to support a military mission commander overseeing a team of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators performing ground force protection operations. The IRA tool provides the mission commander a visual summary of mission changes, in the form of an event bookmark timeline. It also provides interactive capabilities to enable the commander to view additional information on the primary task displays when further detail about a particular mission event is needed. The thesis also presents the findings from a user study that was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the IRA tool on interruption recovery during collaborative UAV mission operations. The study produced mixed results regarding the effectiveness of the IRA tool. The statistical analysis indicated a negative impact on recovery time, while indicating a positive impact on decision accuracy, especially in complex task situations. The study also indicated that the effect of the IRA tool varied across differ user populations. In particular, the IRA tool tended to provide greater benefits to participants without military experience, compared to military participants involved in the study. The qualitative findings from the study provided key insights into the impact and utility of the IRA tool. These insights were used to identify several future research and design directions related to interruption recovery in mission control operations.
by Jordan Wan.
M.Eng.
19
Arroyo, Acosta Ernesto 1978. "Arbitrating modalities of interruption using ambient displays". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61132.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
This thesis presents two experiments designed to test the effect of different modalities when used as interruptions. A multimodal interface explores the use of ambient displays in the context of interruption where visual and thermal ambient displays acted as external interruption generators. This works shows and demonstrates that interruption modalities are perceived differently, trigger different reactions and have a different disruptive effect on memory. The thermal modality produced a larger decrease in performance than the visual modality. Disruptiveness and performance measures agree that heat causes more of a detrimental effect on performance than light when used as an interruption. This thesis proposes to use users' physiological responses as feedback for a computer interface. Experiments in this thesis set the initial point for understanding how to build interfaces that use modalities appropriately by looking at the effect of different modalities when used as interruptions. Interruptions are disruptive and inherent to current computer interfaces. Properly selecting interruption modalities can control their disruptive effects.
by Ernesto Arroyo Acosta.
S.M.
20
Peters, Nia S. "Collaborative Communication Interruption Management System (C-CIMS): Modeling Interruption Timings via Prosodic and Topic Modelling for Human-Machine Teams". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human-machine teaming aims to meld human cognitive strengths and the unique capabilities of smart machines to create intelligent teams adaptive to rapidly changing circumstances. One major contributor to the problem of human-machine teaming is a lack of communication skills on the part of the machine. The primary objective of this research is focused on a machine’s interruption timings or when a machine should share and communicate information with human teammates within human-machine teaming interactions. Previous work addresses interruption timings from the perspective of single human, multitasking and multiple human, single task interactions. The primary aim of this dissertation is to augment this area by approaching the same problem from the perspective of a multiple human, multitasking interaction. The proposed machine is the Collaborative Communication Interruption Management System (C-CIMS) which is tasked with leveraging speech information from a human-human task and making inferences on when to interrupt with information related to an orthogonal human-machine task. This study and previous literature both suggest monitoring task boundaries and engagement as candidate moments of interruptibility within multiple human, multitasking interactions. The goal then becomes designing an intermediate step between human teammate communication and points of interruptibility within these interactions. The proposed intermediate step is the mapping of low-level speech information such as prosodic and lexical information onto higher constructs indicative of interruptibility. C-CIMS is composed of a Task Boundary Prosody Model, a Task Boundary Topic Model, and finally a Task Engagement Topic Model. Each of these components are evaluated separately in terms of how they perform within two different simulated human-machine teaming scenarios and the speed vs. accuracy tradeoffs as well as other limitations of each module. Overall the Task Boundary Prosody Model is tractable within a real-time system because of the low-latency in processing prosodic information, but is less accurate at predicting task boundaries even within human-machine interactions with simple dialogue. Conversely, the Task Boundary and Task Engagement Topic Models do well inferring task boundaries and engagement respectively, but are intractable in a real-time system because of the bottleneck in producing automatic speech recognition transcriptions to make interruption decisions. The overall contribution of this work is a novel approach to predicting interruptibility within human-machine teams by modeling higher constructs indicative of interruptibility using low-level speech information.
21
Gerlach, Undine Ariane. "Interruption of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children". Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26945.
Testo completo
22
Campbell, Lee. "Tactics of interruption : provoking participation in performance art". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses a research study predicated on practice in order to explore aspects of participation in Performance Art. The study makes a contribution to knowledge in participative performance practice and the positive deployment of using interruptive processes; this is in order to provoke participation within the context of Performance Art as well as gain a better understanding of the operations of power relations at play. Within the discourse of impoliteness study (Bousfield, 2008; Culpeper, 2011 et al.), there is a term that deserves much greater attention: interruption . Examining interruption and exploiting its virtues using practice brings out some productive insights that go beyond abstract theorisation. Working in response to Nicolas Bourriaud s conception (1998) of participation in Relational Aesthetics as a means of attacking power relations, I use my practice as an artist/performance provocateur and amplify consideration of my previous usage of interruption in order to provoke participation and then interrogation of power relations. Slapstick and heckling as extreme versions of interruptive processes that are physical in nature are put forward as tactics of interruption that extend comedy tactics within my practice. Circumventing commentary of interruption that often posits the term and its affiliation with impoliteness and capacity to be disruptive as negative (Bilmes, 1997), interruption is used for the purposes of my study as the key strategy that underpins the performance Lost for Words (2011) and the collaborative project Contract with a Heckler (2013), and are presented as prime examples of the operations of interruption in practice. Lost for Words supports the difficulties of participation when interruptive processes connected to physical and bodily slapstick are structurally engineered into a live performance and Contract with a Heckler supports power relations when live performance is predicated upon physical and linguistic interruptive processes relating to heckling. Both Lost for Words and Contract with a Heckler demonstrate a complex knitting of theory and practice whereby argument is supported by the undertaking of action (by the necessity of experiencing interruption in practice). The written dimension of the thesis operates in conjunction with the accompanying photographs and video recordings included here as documentation serving to deconstruct the examples of practice presented. Writing adds detail in the form of critical analysis, reflective commentary and personal experience to the supplied documentation and is used as a tool to communicate that working with interruption on a theoretical, practical and emotional level can be exciting, provocative and dangerous.
23
Elzagzoug, Hassan. "DC interruption principle using a helical arc arrangement". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/12193/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Electrical discharges have been used extensively in devices for interruption of fault currents. Much work has investigated the use of arc discharges for interrupting DC current. The problem with DC current is that there is no natural current zero where thermal losses from the arc dominate thus leading to arc extinction and the interruption of fault current. Helical arc been arranged by using splitter blades to separate the arc turns. The expansion of a helical arc confined between polymeric splitter blades is governed by both electromagnetic and aerodynamic forces. These arise due to the complex interaction between the individual arc turns, arc/ splitter blade interactions and surrounding media. These interactions can be exploited to control the rate of expansion. During this expansion stage there is a substantial increase in arc voltage which in low voltage systems can limit the current thereby causing current interruption providing the arc quenching conditions are suitable. An experimental study has been undertaken to assess the fundamental characteristics of helical arcs con�fined between �different arrangements of PTFE, PE and copper blades in three different sizes (180mm, 360mm and 500mm). Significant improvements in arc current limitation and interruption capability are observed when the arc voltage increases. A substantial increase in arc voltage was observed for all combinations of copper/ PTFE splitter blades. It was noted that the prospective fault current is forced to near zero when copper blades are used in conjunction with PTFE blades. With the larger PTFE and PE blades sized 360mm and 500mm, it was observed that the arc stayed within the limit of blades, thus providing better arc control capability. Simplified modelling of the forces acting on the arc (electromagnetic, aerodynamic) have been assessed. The electromagnetic forces act not only to produce radial expansion of the arc but also to keep alignment between the turns. The generation of the aerodynamic forces is very complex to model and indeed the modelling presented can only be used indicatively in any analysis at this stage. The work indicates that a compact DC interruption device may be possible based on the confinement of the plasma within the splitter blades and interaction with polymeric material.
24
Stubbs, Kelsey R. "The Effects of Gender on Interruption among Peers". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studies of mixed-gender conversation have established that the gender of speakers plays a role in talking power, conversational dominance, topic control, and perception of the speaker’s communicative ability. The purpose of this study was to expand upon previous research of interruption by examining its function and frequency in conversation among peers. While previous research in this area has focused on interruption in the workplace or the home, this research examines its place in mixed-gender conversation between university students. Participants in this study were recorded in group conversation and the transcription was later analyzed for general trends of interruption with relation to each gender. From these results, it was concluded that while men and women interrupt each other in different ways, both genders interrupt frequently and exercise control over the floor. We hypothesize that greater awareness of the patterns of interruption and conversational dominance between genders will improve the inclusion of all speakers in discussion and topic development.
25
Dahi, Khetam. "Examining interruption in conversation among Middle-Eastern couples". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1900.
Testo completo
26
Lavenius, Jan. "An Algorithm for Finding Minimal Load Interruption Costs". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116892.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents an algorithm for finding the minimal interruptioncost associated with the loads.Electric power systems are necessary to transfer electric energy fromproducers to consumers. The power system may lose stability as thesenonlinear systems are subject to contingencies. The loss of stabilitymay result in large costs for the society, by the loss of productivityand worsening standard of living. If the likelihood of instability is low,then it may be that it is not economically motivated to allocate costlyresources necessary to prevent this from happening. For some casesload shedding is the alternative with best economical performance, torestore the stability and ensure that delivery of power is not interrupted.With increasing amounts of renewables in a power system, the planningand scheduling of the electric power production will get more difficultto forecast and control. Therefore the system operators will needto be able to handle more diverse situations than before. Thus thereis a need to find computationally efficient methods to predict systemstability and the minimal load shedding needed.This report uses second-order approximations to the stability boundariesof the system, developed and calculated by Magnus Perninge andCamille Hamon to determine how much and where the load sheddingshould be done to shed the minimal amount of load that restores thestability of the system.Two cases, the IEEE 9-bus system and the IEEE 39-bus system,illustrates the proposed method and compares three different methodsused to determine the load shedding. The results show that the approximationscan be used to minimize the load shedding, and that theamount of load shed is significantly reduced. Time-domain simulationsof the system were necessary to ensure the stability of the system anddetermine of much margin that is needed to the approximations.The methods and approximations used in this report could in thefuture be applied to real power systems, a possible application is tocalculate the severity of contingencies and use the information to minimizethe total costs of the system when considering operation andinvestments. Another possible application is to design automatic loadshedding controllers using wide-area monitoring to increase the systemreliability.I detta examensarbete presenteras en algoritm för att finna de minimalaavbrottskostnaderna för lasterna i elkraftssystem.Elkraftssystem kallas de system som har till uppgift att möjliggöraöverföring av elektrisk energi från producenter till konsumenter. Dessasystem är icke-linjära och kan under vissa förhållanden bli instabilaoch göra hela eller delar av elnätet strömlöst, vilket medför stor samhälleligpåverkan i form av försämrad levnadsstandard och kostnaderför produktionsbortfall. Dock är det inte alltid ekonomiskt lönsamt attlägga betydande resurser på att förhindra att systemet blir instabilt,om sannolikheten för att detta händer är låg.Att koppla bort last vid kritiska situationer, till exempel vid fel påviktiga kraftledningar, kan därför i vissa fall vara det mest ekonomiskaalternativet för att undvika att systemet blir instabilt. En ökande andelförnybar energi i ett elkraftssystem gör produktion av elektrisk energimer svårprognosticerad och svårstyrd. Därför bör man ta hänsyn till ettbredare urval situationer än tidigare för att kunna bedöma stabilitetenhos systemet. Detta ställer krav på snabba metoder för att bedömasystemets stabilitet och beräkna vilka lastbortkopplingar som krävs.Denna rapport utnyttjar andragradsapproximationer till stabilitetsgränsernaför systemet utvecklade och beräknade av Magnus Perningeoch Camille Hamon för att kunna bestämma var och hur mycket lastsom ska kopplas bort, så att systemet återfår sin stabilitet för en såliten mängd last bortkopplad som möjligt. Genom simuleringar beräknasdärefter hur mycket marginal till stabilitetsgränserna som krävs föratt återge systemet transienta stabilitet.Två fallstudier, ett för IEEEs 9-nods system och ett för IEEEs 39-nods system, illustrerar metoden och jämför den med två andra metoder,för att undersöka metodens prestanda. Resultaten visar hur den föreslagnaalgoritmen minimerar lastbortkopplingen jämfört med de andrametoderna, och att mängden last som blir bortkopplad minskar betydligt.Simuleringar av systemet behövdes för att undersöka systemetsstabilitet och bestämma hur mycket marginal till ytorna som krävs.Metoderna och approximationerna som utnyttjades i denna rapportskulle kunna användas i verkliga elkraftssystem, en tillämpning vore attminimera kostnaderna för systemet genom att ranka hur allvarliga feli systemet är, vilket kan utnyttjas för att minimera kostnader för driftoch investeringar. En annan möjlig tillämpling är automatisk lastbortkopplingför att minimera de kostnader som uppstår om systemet blirinstabilt.
27
Debroise, Xavier. "Erreurs humaines en aéronautique : une étude du lien entre attention et erreurs". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21715/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le domaine aéronautique, comme dans de nombreux autres domaines de la vie courante ou professionnelle, les erreurs ont souvent été associées à des défaillances attentionnelles. Nos travaux s’insèrent dans cette problématique, et sont plus particulièrement focalisés sur les variations de la capacité à allouer son attention sur une tâche donnée à la suite d’une interruption. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis en place des expérimentations qui permettent d’évaluer l’étendue des variations de performances obtenues dans une tâche à la suite d’une interruption, en fonction des composantes attentionnelles sollicitées dans la tâche à exécuter. Dans un second temps, nous avons mis en place un indicateur fiable et objectif mettant en évidence des différences dans le fonctionnement physiologique cérébral en fonction de ces composantes attentionnelles. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons été amenés à vérifier l’effet de diverses interruptions dans des situations aéronautiques réalistes. Nos travaux permettent de conclure à l’existence de fluctuations de l’attention à la suite d’une interruption, fluctuations dont la conséquence peut se traduire par des variations de performances et par différentes stratégies de gestion des erreurs et des activitésIn the aviation field, as in many other areas of personal or professional life, errors have often been associated with attentional failures. Our work is related to this issue, and is more particularly focused on variations of attention following an interruption. In a first step, we have set up experiments to measure changes in performance obtained in a task after an interruption. These variations are studied systematically according to various attentional components requested in the task at hand. In a second step, we have set up an indicator showing differences in the physiological functioning of the brain depending on these attentional components. Thirdly, we have tested the effect of various interruptions in realistic aeronautical situations. From our work, we conclude that there is a variation in attention after an interruption, the consequences of which can result in errors, performance variations, and differences in the management of errors and activities
28
Long, James Harvey. "Mitigating the Effects of Interruption on Audit Efficiency and Effectiveness". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37514.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examined the effects of interruption on auditor efficiency and effectiveness for one simple and two complex tasks within the audit domain. I evaluated these effects for novice and experienced auditors. In addition, I considered two ways in which the negative effects of interruption might be mitigated: varying an individual's interruption response strategy (immediate vs. negotiated) and the presence or absence of a memory-aid (notes). I investigated these phenomena using an internet-based experimental instrument. Subjects included both students and practicing auditors.
My findings indicate that interruption hindered performance on certain complex audit tasks, and that it differentially affected auditor performance at two levels of experience. When interrupted, inexperienced auditors completed complex audit tasks less efficiently; experienced auditors completed them less effectively. In addition, experienced auditors who negotiated interruption completed a complex audit task more efficiently and effectively than those that responded to the interruption immediately. Furthermore, note-taking increased experienced auditor task efficiency on a complex audit task requiring judgment. These results suggest that auditors should limit task interruption when they are engaged in complex audit tasks. When task interruption cannot be avoided, auditors should consider negotiating a delay in the onset of an interruption. Finally, auditors who are interrupted while they complete a complex task requiring judgment should consider using notes to mitigate the deleterious effect of interruption on task efficiency.
Participants also completed a post-experimental questionnaire which provided evidence about interruptions in the audit environment. The responses confirmed that auditors are frequently interrupted in practice. In addition, auditors preferred differing interruption response strategies dependent upon both the level of primary task complexity (easy vs. difficult), and the medium through which the interruption occurred (electronic vs. interpersonal). They chose interruption response strategies according to their place in the social hierarchy relative to the interrupter (client/boss vs. subordinate /friends/family).
Finally, I found that interruption influences affect. Auditors reported significantly more positive affect reactions to interruption on easy tasks (e.g., alert, cheerful, friendly, happy and relaxed) and substantially negative affect reactions to interruption on difficult tasks (e.g., angry, hostile, irritated, nervous and tense).Ph. D.
29
Puranik, Harshad. "Do You Have A Minute…? How Emotions Shape the Experience and Outcomes of Daily Work Intrusions". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553513554345558.
Testo completo
30
Messuri, Kristin. "The organ of interruption optics and perception in Beckett /". Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32209.
Testo completo
31
Tortell, David. "Continuous interruption : Picasso, Pound, and the structures of collage". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26342.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis I argue against the conventionally held belief that collage as a form is defined through the mutual differences existing between the inserted material fragment and those signifiers that surround it. Examining works by Pablo Picasso and then turning my attention to Ezra Pound's Cantos, I seek to establish, within the related frameworks of visual and verbal collage respectively, a structural model of these and other such works predicated upon the continuity, not the distinctiveness, of fragment and host-text. Collage, I hope to show, is necessarily organic in structure due to the unstable nature of the linguistic sign, a phenomenon of language that informs the thesis from beginning to end. Ultimately, I aim to present this model as a metaphor for perception generally, as both a delineation and demonstration of the way in which one comes to know the world.
32
Jonsson, Erik. "Load Current Interruption in Air for Medium Voltage Ratings". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24327.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Load break switches (LBSs) are common inside metal clad switchgear assemblies where space is a limiting factor. SF6 is usually used in this application due to its superior electrical characteristics, but is unfortunately also a strong greenhouse gas. Therefore development of new products, utilizing air which is an environmental friendly alternative, is in progress. Since air has much lower dielectric strength than SF6, the main challenge with this is therefore to reduce the size. Compact SF6 products have created a retrofit market, and in many existing installation sites larger products will not fit. Current interruption is a complex process and depends on several parameters, and it is not straight forward to optimize the design of a medium voltage (MV) switch. Numerical simulation which is a common for product development in other areas is difficult for this application. Due to the long dominance of SF6 products, little research has been published about the design criteria for LBS technology in air. The scope of the thesis covers current interruption of MV LBSs in air with respect to various design parameters, such as nozzle geometry, nozzle materials, gas flow, and contact movement. Both gas blow-assisted current interruption (associated with puffer breakers) and ablation-assisted current interruption are addressed. The material in the nozzle can enhance the interruption capability. Such a nozzle material is called ablation material. When the arc is burning close to the surface of an ablation material, gas is evaporated which cools the arc. This technology is used to some extent for low voltage switchgear, but much less for higher voltages. The objective is therefore to investigate the potential of this technology for the MV LBS application. All work is done experimentally with similar test conditions as are used for product type testing. A direct powered MV laboratory and a test switch are built. The test switch is designed particularly for parameter studies. The result from air blow experiments reveal the minimum upstream pressure drop required for current interruption for various basic nozzle geometries, and at different contact positions. One study is particular relevant for the 24 kV / 630 A class, and it is found that 0.25 - 0.3 bar upstream pressure drop appears to be a threshold value for successful interruption. It is also presented how the minimum upstream pressure drop varies for different MV LBS ratings. The results show that the needed pressure drop is approximately proportional, both towards the current and towards the rate of rise of recovery voltage. This investigation is made so that the majority of all MV LBS ratings (7 - 52 kV and up to 900 A) are covered. From the ablation experiments it was found that high content of hydrogen in the ablation material is favorable for enhancing the current interruption capability. In a comparison experiment between different polymers, polypropylene shows best interruption capability. This material was therefor applied as ablation material in the test switch, and tested in the MV laboratory. The results reveal high capability to interrupt the thermal phase (over the needs for most MV LBSs), but also that the transient recovery voltage several milliseconds after current zero often leads to dielectric re-ignition. This is opposite to a puffer breaker where the thermal interruption instead appears to be the crucial part.
33
Long, Ryan M. "Response interruption and redirection applied to life skills tasks". Thesis, University of Southern Maine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739809.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for stereotypic behavior exhibited by persons with autism spectrum disorder. The present study investigates the applicability of this intervention in the context of the classroom setting. Specifically, it investigates whether or not the intervention is as effective when it is used with a subject in the process of completing complex tasks. This research also investigates collateral effects of reduced stereotypic behavior on productivity and efficiency of task completion. While stereotypy was reduced and productivity increased across three experimental conditions, there were mixed results as to the relationship between RIRD and overall efficiency of task completion.
34
Redel, Diane Paumier Anne. "Avoir un enfant après une interruption médicale de grossesse". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=21106.
Testo completo
35
Parnin, Christopher Joseph. "Supporting interrupted programming tasks with memory-based aids". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite its vast capacity and associative powers, the human brain does
not deal well with interruptions. Particularly in situations where
information density is high, such as during a programming task,
recovering from an interruption requires extensive time and effort.
Although researchers recognize this problem, no programming tool takes
into account the brain's structure and limitations in its design. In
this dissertation, I describe my research collecting evidence about the impact
of interruptions on programmers, understanding how programmers manage
them in practice, and designing tools that can support interrupted
programmers. I present a conceptual framework for understanding human
memory organization and its strengths and weaknesses, particularly
with respect to dealing with work interruptions. The framework
explains empirical results obtained from experiments in which
programmers were interrupted. For researchers, the intent is to use the framework to design development
tools capable of compensating for human memory limitations.
For developers, the insights and strategies from the framework should
allow reflection on our own programming habits and work practices and
how they may be tailored to better fit our human brain.
The framework is evaluated by conducting two experiments that find that 1) developers can recall nearly twice as many past programming events using a tool designed with the framework over traditional tools, with comparable recall effort and 2) developers can remember to perform nearly twice as many prospective actions using a tool designed with the framework over traditional tools, with limited impact to cognitive load.
36
Miller, Jason. "rhythm:sequence:interruption". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35232.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As you move among the various spaces within the school you will notice that the volume is an encapsulation made from surfaces that describe what is material and what is void of material. This makes for interaction of the senses. What can be formed in material can transcend from built form directly and indirectly to the student through the duration of observation. Thus augmenting their knowledge and judgement.
What can not be formed from material has to be thought of in a different way for the student.This nonmaterial form is subject to what binds it, making the experience from nontactile things such as light and darkness. The thesis undertook these conditions to make a place where observation is inclusive. Observation is the step in which a student must invoke their intellect to understand their purpose as an artist and to define their own uniqueness. Perhaps this is an atypical way for students to learn with regard to art but the making of art should be anything but typical.Master of Architecture
37
Tennakoon, Sarah Barbara. "DC thyristor circuit breakers : an investigation of current interruption ability". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1986. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20873/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aims of the project were to investigate DC Thyristor Circuit Breaker (TCB) current interruption and appraise the current interruption performance in simulated systems. A generalized analysis was developed which enabled succinct assessment of the current interruption performance of different thyristor circuit breaker configurations. A 250V, 60A DC Thyristor Circuit Breaker was analysed and a study of TCB-system interaction was made. A novel thyristor circuit breaker switching overvoltage control technique was also investigated. The project findings on TCB-system interaction demonstrated that practical thyristor circuit breaker selection and design must be done in conjunction with the system configuration and its parameters. The normalized and analytical approaches were found to be useful for determining TCB design criteria but computer simulation tools, such as SPICE, are necessary for predicting the full range of TCB current interruption.
38
Herzhauser, Betty J. "The Role of the Interruption in Young Adult Epistolary Novels". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Within the genre of young adult literature, a growing trend is the use of epistolary messages through electronic methods between characters. These messages are set apart from the formal text of the narrative of the novel creating a break in the text features and layout of the page. Epistolary texts require a more sophisticated reading method and level of interpretation because the epistolary style blends multiple voices and points of view into the plot, creating complicated narration. The reader must navigate the narrator’s path in order to extract meaning from the text. In this hermeneutic study, I examined the text structures of three young adult novels that contained epistolary excerpts. I used ethnographic content analysis (Altheide 1987) to isolate, analyze, and then contextualize the different epistolary moments within the narrative of the novel. The study was guided by two research questions: 1. What types of text structures and features did authors of selected young adult literature with epistolary interruptions published since 2008 use across the body of the published work? 2. How did the authors of selected young adult literature situate the different text structures of interruption into the flow of the narrative? What happened after the interruption? I used a coding system that I developed from a case study of the novel Falling for Hamlet by Michelle Ray (2011). Through my analysis I found that the authors used specific verbs to announce an interruption. The interruptions, though few in number, require readers to consider context of the message for event, setting, speaker, purpose and tone as it relates within the message itself and the arc of the plot. In addition, following the interruptions, the reader must decide how to incorporate the epistolary interruption into the narrative as adding to the conflict, adding detail, ending a scene, or simply returning to the narrative. . Therefore, the interruptions in epistolary young adult novels incorporated the text or literacy practices of young adults. Such incorporation reflects the changes in literacy practices in the early 21st century that may render novels of this style a challenge to readers in creating meaning. The study further incorporates Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia (1980) that a novel does not contain a single language but a plurality of languages within a single langue and Dresang’s Theory of Radical Change (1999) of connectivity, interactivity, and access. Texts of this nature offer teachers of reading opportunities to guide students through text features to synthesize information in fiction and non-fiction texts.
39
BARBOSA, ALANE DE OLIVEIRA. "DERAILED CAREERS: WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND INTERRUPTION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAJECTORIES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35751@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este estudo teve a intenção de descrever as experiências de mulheres profissionais que tiveram que interromper suas carreiras devido ao conflito trabalho-família. A pesquisa teve como foco mulheres que são mães e que possuem formação superior. Seu objetivo foi entender os motivos que as levaram a interromper suas carreiras profissionais, bem como descrever suas vivências atuais, afastadas do mercado de trabalho e dedicadas integralmente à maternidade. A metodologia de pesquisa escolhida para o estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, tendo sido entrevistadas 10 mulheres, com profissões variadas, que interromperam a carreira devido à maternidade. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que as entrevistadas, em sua maioria, se recusaram a terceirizar a criação e educação dos filhos e que a obrigação em cumprir longas jornadas de trabalho foi determinante na sua decisão de parar de trabalhar. Além disso, o apoio dos maridos, tanto emocional como financeiro, foi imprescindível para que elas
pudessem tomar a decisão de se dedicarem à maternidade, integralmente. As vivências, após a interrupção da carreira, revelam sentimentos de inutilidade, baixa autoestima e preconceitos vividos por muitas das entrevistadas. Planos profissionais para o futuro são relatados, mas a maioria deseja mudar de profissão ou diminuir as horas de trabalho, pois buscam a flexibilidade de horário por acreditarem que, ao terem maior controle sobre seu horário de trabalho será possível a conciliação dos papéis profissional e materno.This study was intended to describe the experiences of professional women who had to interrupt their careers due to the work-family conflict. The research focused on women who are mothers and who have higher education. Its purpose was to understand the reasons that led to them to interrupt their professional careers, as well as to describe their current experiences, away from the job market and fully dedicated to motherhood. The research methodology chosen for the study was qualitative, with 10 women interviewed of several professions, who interrupted the career due to maternity. The results of this research suggest that interviewees, in the majority, refused to outsource the raising and education of children and the obligation to undertake long working hours was decisive in their decision to stop working. In addition, the husband s support, both emotional and financial, was imperative so that they could make the decision to dedicate themselves to motherhood, in its entirety. The experiences, after the interruption of the career, reveal feelings of uselessness, low self-esteem and prejudices experienced by many of the women interviewed. Professional plans for the future are reported, but most want to change their carreer or shorten working hours, because they seek flexibility in scheduling due to the belief that by having control over their working hours it will be possible to reconcile professional and maternal roles.
40
Lusk, Kenneth P. "Flight Interruption System for a Small Diameter Missile with Telemeter". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611831.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaA very restrictive down-range flight area for a small ground-to-air missile required the interruption of the flight after the missile had flown past a specialized target and telemetry data had been transmitted to a receiving station. Explosive bolts separated the missile into two sections and cables loosely attaching the two sections caused the system to tumble and therefore interrupt the flight. Because of the high dynamic forces exerted on the attaching cables, soft material "shock absorbers" were used to assure the integrity of the cables.
41
Bonneau, Catherine. "Interruption volontaire de grossesse : aspects médicaux, sociologiques, psychologiques et éthiques". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P057.
Testo completo
42
Akpeji, Kingsley Oladipo. "Cost of Electricity Interruption to Commercial and Industrial End-Users". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31310.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The question ‘what is the cost of electricity interruptions?’ is fraught with lots of complexities as electricity interruption is not a tradable commodity. A closely associated question is ‘from whose perspective should this cost be assessed – the electric utility or its customers?’ Extant research has shown that the primal focus should be on the electricity customer as the electric utility’s revenue loss after an electricity interruption event is significantly less than customers’ interruption cost (CIC). Existing methods of assessing the cost of electricity interruptions are not always consistent, because analysts make different assumptions, primarily in the incorporation of key parameters of electricity interruptions and customer characteristics in their analyses. However, one thing is important: the chosen assessment method should suit the decision-making context in which the cost data will be applied. In this dissertation, both micro- and macro-level approaches were applied to the assessment of the cost of electricity interruptions to commercial and industrial electricity customers. However, the central investigation is the micro-level assessment of the direct financial cost of electricity interruptions to suit value-based reliability planning and power system operations management. The cost assessment was done from the business customer’s viewpoint via a firm-level survey of commercial and manufacturing businesses in Cape Town. Three CIC models were developed from an analysis of the survey data viz. a time-invariant average interruption cost (TIAIC) model, a time-varying average interruption cost (TVAIC) model, and a time-varying probabilistic interruption cost (TVPIC) model. All three models were applied in an assessment of reliability worth indices for a case study distribution system to demonstrate the practical application of the cost data. The results showed that the TVPIC model is more effective for describing CIC as it accounts for the time-dependencies and uncertainty in CIC estimates. The TVPIC allows for an evaluation of the impact of different confidence levels in decision-making. Reliability worth indices like ECOST derived based on the TVPIC can be expressed as Rands@Risk in different season-time windows. This allows for optimal implementation of contingency measures like load shedding or reliability improvement programs like switch/disconnect placement on distribution feeders. An exploratory macroeconomic analysis was also done using an input-output (IO) model that allowed the investigation of the effect of the removal of the electricity sector from intersectoral interactions in South Africa’s economy. Based on the model’s framework and assumptions, the potential economy-wide cost of a day-long blackout was estimated to be approximately R2.2 billion. Compared to estimates of the economic cost of past load shedding events, this figure seemed to be a very optimistic estimate and a potential lower bound of a day-long blackout in South Africa. Also, the relationship between the firm-level survey and the macroeconomic IO approaches to estimating the cost of electricity interruptions was assessed via a case study of the weekly cost of load shedding to South Africa’s trade and manufacturing sectors. The ensuing discussions show that caution must be exercised in quoting blanket figures of the cost of load shedding to the South African economy without appropriate description of the basis for estimation.
43
Quimbre, Arnaud Berthelem-Bugnon Florence. "Interruption des traitements antirétroviraux dans l'infection chronique par le VIH". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDquimbre.pdf.
Testo completo
44
Billaut, Eric. "Gestion des interruptions dans le cockpit : éléments pour un système d'aide à la réalisation des procédures". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les interruptions sont une menace pour la réalisation des procédures dans un contexte opérationnel critique tel que l’aéronautique. De nombreux accidents et incidents étudiés par des organismes d’enquêtes ont révélé que l’un des nombreux facteurs impliqué concerne les interruptions. Elles entraînent des effets délétères au niveau des performances à la fois en matière de temps et d’erreurs dans la mesure où elles créent la nécessité de reprendre la tâche interrompue, induisant alors une tâche de mémoire prospective. Notre travail vise à améliorer les performances d’individus qui, comme les pilotes, effectuent de mémoire des procédures dont la suite d’actions est spatialement située dans leur environnement de travail alors même que les instructions sont présentées verbalement. Nous appuyant sur le modèle d’activation de buts (Altmann & Trafton, 2002) mais aussi sur des travaux connexes qui nous suggèrent des conditions favorisant la récupération des intentions d’actions, nous explorons la possibilité de diminuer les effets délétères des interruptions en réalisant des changements dans l’environnement des individus. Ces modifications interviendront soit lors de l’encodage de la procédure soit lors de son exécution pour aider à reprendre la tâche interrompue. Deux expériences, dans lesquelles les participants devaient réaliser une procédure mimant le comportement attendu lors d’une procédure normale de vol, ont permis d’évaluer les changements proposés. Nous avons collecté des données générales temporelles et d’erreurs en nous intéressant particulièrement à la principale mesure étudiée dans la littérature sur les interruptions (le temps de reprise de la tâche principale). Ces expériences ont été complétées par un pré-test de l’adaptation du protocole avec des pilotes de ligne.Tout d’abord, lors l’encodage de la procédure, nous montrons à travers l’expérience 1 que favoriser des formats d’instruction qui respectent les caractéristiques spatiales de la procédure va améliorer les performances des individus. Le format d’instruction visuo-spatial, qui fournit les relations spatiales entre les objets de la procédure améliore en effet les performances, comparé au format verbal et favorise notamment la reprise de la tâche interrompue. La diminution du niveau d’interférence permet au but suspendu d’être récupéré plus rapidement et efficacement. Ensuite, lors de la phase d’exécution de la tâche, les résultats de l’expérience 2 montrent qu’il est possible de soutenir plus directement la récupération du but interrompu après une interruption de tâche en fournissant un indice visuel qui améliore la reprise de la tâche. Ce résultat s’observe notamment lorsque l’indice indique la prochaine action correcte (indice prospectif) comparé à un indice sur la dernière action effectuée (indice rétrospectif). Avec ces expériences, nous proposons également de nouvelles mesures d’ajustement du temps et des erreurs, ainsi qu’un possible effet diffus de l’interruption que nous avons observé après la reprise de la tâche. Finalement, nous fournissons des recommandations pour la conception de systèmes embarqués destinés à aider le pilote lors de la réalisation des procédures de volInterruptions are a major threat for procedures completion especially in critical contexts such as aeronautics. A lot of accidents analyzed by legal security organizations have underscored the role of interruption as one of the many factors involved in accident frequency. In fact, interruptions create a prospective memory task as interrupting someone implies that he must remember the main task to continue it after the interruption. As a result, interruptions could bring negative effects such as long resumption lag or errors when someone tries to remember what he was doing. Our work aims to increase individuals’ performance, such as pilots, when they are performing procedures known by heart in a spatialized work environment with mostly verbal instructions. From the goal activation memory model (Altmann & Trafton, 2002) and others works, we will explore ways to decrease the negative effect of interruptions by modifying encoding format of the task and by providing cues in order to help them recovering the suspended goal. In our two experiments, people had to realize procedures that mimic aeronautical ones. These procedures are designed to collect general data (time and error), and most particularly concerning the main effect of interruption which is the resumption lag of the primary task. These two experiments have been followed by an adaptation of the method with pilots on a flight simulator. First, for the procedure encoding (experiment 1), results showed that when we use an instruction format that match the task characteristics, individual’s performance increases. Indeed, visuo-spatial format that gives spatial relationship between tasks’ elements, increases individuals’ performance compared to the verbal format. These results are linked to the decrease of the interference level due to the balanced strengthening goals. Second, we have focused our attention on the execution phase of the task (experiment 2) and our results showed that giving a visual cue may increase the performance especially concerning the resumption lag. These results can be observed when the cue concerns the next correct action of the sequence (prospective cue) rather than the last action before the interruption (retrospective cue). Along these experiments, we also propose new adjustment measures of time and error and a possible diffuse effect of the interruption after the task resumption. Finally, we will give recommendations to conceive future system that aims to help pilots to perform their job
45
Bedard, Marie-Claude. "Production temporelle avec interruption, compatibilité tâche-réponse et modalité du stimulus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56387.pdf.
Testo completo
46
Bastos, Alex Souza. "ANALYSIS OF SIGNAL INTERRUPTION PROBABILITY FOR GNSS UTILIZATION IN FOREST CONDITIONS". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17902号
農博第2025号
新制||農||1017(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4798(農学部図書室)
30722
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 德地 直子, 教授 吉岡 崇仁, 准教授 長谷川 尚史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
47
Bédard, Marie-Claude. "Production temporelle avec interruption : comptabilité tâche-réponse et modalité du stimulus". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/63157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il a été démontré dans des travaux antérieurs qu'une interruption, lors d'une production d'un intervalle temporel, allonge l'intervalle produit proportionnellement à la durée pré-interruption. Ces expériences utilisaient un signal auditif et une situation de compatibilité entre la tâche et la réponse: l'estimation temporelle était interrompue lorsque le signal était interrompu. Cette étude vise à tester l'effet de durée pré-interruption (1) avec des stimuli auditifs et visuels, (2) dans une condition de non compatibilité entre le stimulus et la tâche à effectuer, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'estimation temporelle doit être interrompue lors de la présentation d'un stimulus. Les résultats confirment la généralité de l'effet de la localisation dans une variété de conditions de présentation de stimuli. Les intervalles produits (2.4 s) allongent en fonction de la durée pré-interruption dans des conditions de non compatibilité, peu importe la modalité des stimuli utilisés.
48
Tao, Yungan. "Interruption of G2-M and mitotic checkpoint : Influence on tumor radiosensitivity". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T062.
Testo completo
49
Cahill, Allison Louise. "The effects of ageing, task interruption and planning on prospective memory". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365957.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prospective memory involves an individual remembering to perform an intended action at some designated point in the future such as taking medication at a certain time. This type of memory has been demonstrated to decline with advancing age in previous computer-based, laboratory studies. However it appears intact when investigated via naturalistic, community-based designs. Because few studies have investigated everyday prospective memory tasks in a reliable and experimentally rigorous fashion this dissertation will attempt to do so via two studies. The main aim of Study 1 was to develop and test a new naturalistic paradigm set in a ‘homelike’laboratory and to empirically investigate the effects of three variables of interest on prospective memory performance (viz., ageing, interruption and planning). The performance of 79 younger (age range = 18-33 years, M = 21.44 years, SD = 4.53 years) and 67 older adults (age range = 60-75 years, M = 68.23 years, SD = 4.13 years) was compared on three prospective memory tasks (e.g. event-, time- and activity-based tasks). Participants were engaged in planning a meal (ongoing task) by searching through cupboards for ingredients, looking in a recipe book and checking prices in a price catalogue. Simultaneously, participants were required to place a white sticker on recipes with a dairy product (event-based task), press pause on the VCR every 5 minutes (time-based task) and ask for their watch or mobile phone at the completion of the ongoing task (activity-based task). Results of separate ANOVA’s suggested that younger adults outperformed older adults on the event- and time-based tasks, whilst no age-related differences were apparent on the activity-based task. Findings support the notion that cognitively demanding tasks disadvantage older adults due to reduced cognitive resources. In addition, Study 1 attempted to investigate two relatively neglected variables within the prospective memory field, namely; interruption and planning. Considering that the performance of prospective memory tasks is imperative for independent living, variables that disrupt (e.g., interruption) and facilitate (e.g., planning) this process need to be understood. A group of participants (younger and older adults) were interrupted twice by the unexpected ringing of a mobile phone and the experimenter entering and searching the laboratory. The event- (dairy product) and time-based (VCR) tasks were disrupted significantly by the interruption. Performance on all three prospective memory tasks was improved when participants had the opportunity to spend 5 minutes taking notes and planning how they would perform the tasks. Planning was able to overcome the negative (albeit non significant) effects of an interruption on the activity-based (item) task and age-related differences on the time-based (VCR) task. These findings suggest that interruptions are complex in nature and may have a greater effect on tasks that have cues of low saliency (e.g., time on a clock) that require self-initiated retrieval processes. In addition, self-reports of how participants recalled the tasks and why they forgot them suggested that one strategy was not effective for all three prospective memory tasks. These findings may be used to inform educational and training programs. The main aim of study 2 was to determine whether 6 neuropsychological measures (viz., 4 disc Tower of London (TOL-4), the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Letter/Number Sequencing Test (LNST)) of prefrontal functioning (e.g., planning, inhibition, cognitive fluency and flexibility, set shifting and working memory respectively) could predict prospective memory performance. A logistic regression indicated that the prefrontal measures were able to predict performance on the event-based (dairy product) task for younger adults only. More specifically, scores on the TMT-B and LNS were significant predictors of event-based task performance for younger adults. Older adults’ performance on the time-based (VCR) task was predicted by scores on the TMT-B. In addition, the performance of younger adults on the activity-based (item) task was predicted by scores on the COWAT. It was concluded that prefrontal processes are involved in prospective memory performance and that the characteristics of the prospective memory tasks influence which processes are involved. Support for the frontal lobe hypothesis of ageing was provided as age-related differences were found on the prefrontal measures, with the exception of the COWAT. Future research is recommended to compare the performance of participants on the three everyday prospective memory tasks and computerised tasks to determine whether the two paradigms are measuring the same construct.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Full Text
50
Couffe, Cyril. "L'impact des conditions de travail sur les capacités attentionnelles des salariés". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les conditions de travail peuvent-elles générer des problèmes attentionnels chez certains salariés ? Cette question est actuellement au cœur de nombreuses recherches dans le domaine de la psychologie du travail, de l’ergonomie et de la psychologie cognitive appliquée. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons tenté de comprendre quels facteurs pourraient provoquer ces difficultés. Nous avons scindé notre approche en deux parties : (i) l’étude en laboratoire des liens entre les interruptions et les capacités cognitives, et (ii) l’étude des conditions de travail et de leurs retentissements sur la cognition. Les parutions scientifiques issues de la littérature des interruptions sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Elles ont notamment vécu un essor au début des années 2000. Pourtant, de nombreuses interrogations persistent encore, comme les effets réels des interruptions sur la tâche principale et les différents facteurs qui les potentialisent. De plus, les processus cognitifs spécifiques mis en jeu lors des interruptions n’ont pas tous été étudiés. C’est pourquoi, nous avons proposé une nouvelle définition formelle du phénomène d’interruption, ainsi qu’un nouveau cadre de recherche pour unifier le champ d’étude actuel. Nous avons également mené plusieurs études expérimentales dans le but de répondre à certains questionnements encore présents. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent que les interruptions sont la plupart du temps délétères, et que des processus jusqu’alors insoupçonnés pourraient permettre de diminuer leurs retentissements. En second lieu, nous avons étudié l’impact de certaines conditions de travail sur le développement de plaintes attentionnelles et cognitives. Tout d’abord, nous avons construit un nouveau matériel à même de détecter ces changements au niveau cognitif en réalisant plusieurs études de création et validation d’une nouvelle échelle. Ensuite, nous l’avons utilisé sur un échantillon de plusieurs centaines de salariés pour tirer des conclusions sur les prédicteurs de ces difficultés. Dans l’ensemble, le genre, le statut social, le temps passé en environnement de travail partagé, la fréquence des interruptions et certaines nouvelles technologies pourraient être à l’origine de difficultés attentionnelles au travailCan Working conditions generate attentional problems for some employees? This issue is currently at the heart of research in the field of work psychology, ergonomics and applied cognitive psychology. During this thesis, we tried to understand exactly what factors might cause these problems. We have divided our approach into two parts: (i) the laboratory study of the links between interruptions and cognitive abilities, and (ii) the study of working conditions and their repercussions on cognition. Scientific publications from interruptions literature are becoming more numerous. In particular, they experienced a boom in the early 2000s. However, many questions still persist, as the real effect of interruptions on the main task and the various factors which potentiates this effect. Moreover, the specific cognitive processes involved during interruptions have not all been studied. Therefore, we proposed a new formal definition of the phenomenon of interruption and a new research framework to unify the current field of study. Also, we conducted several experimental studies to answer some questions still present. Together, our results suggest that interruptions are usually deleterious regarding the performance of the primary task, and that some cognitive processes unsuspected to this day might help their repercussions. Secondly, we studied the impact of specific working conditions on attentional and cognitive complaints. First, we built a new test able to detect these changes on a cognitive level by carrying out several construction and validation studies of a new scale. Then we used a sample of several hundred employees to draw conclusions on the predictors of these difficulties. Overall, gender, social status, time spent in shared working environment, the frequency of interruptions and several aspects of new technologies may be the cause of attentional difficulties at work