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Articoli di riviste sul tema "International insecurity"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 22 giugno 2024

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1

Smith, Michael D., e Dennis Wesselbaum. "Food Insecurity and International Migration Flows". International Migration Review 56, n. 2 (1 novembre 2021): 615–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211042820.

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The driving forces of international migration are increasingly complex and interrelated. This article examines the relationship between food insecurity and regular, permanent international migration. The analysis draws on data from the first global measure of individual-level food insecurity combined with data on migration flows from 198 origin countries to 16 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development destination countries for 2014 and 2015. Using a fixed-effects regression model that resembles an augmented gravity equation controlling for various confounding factors, we show both a significant positive correlation between food insecurity at origin and out-migration and a positive correlation between out-migration and within-country inequality in food insecurity at origin. Our findings imply that people may react not only to the average prevalence of food insecurity but also to their relative position in the distribution of food insecurity within their origin country. This finding may help inform policymakers about potential threshold effects and guide the design of migration policies and aid programs. It also contributes to the study of international migration flows by presenting novel evidence for the role of food insecurity and within-country inequality in food insecurity as drivers of migration flows.

2

Diakosavvas, Dimitris. "International finance for food insecurity". Food Policy 10, n. 3 (agosto 1985): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(85)90067-3.

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3

Zaagman, Rob. "Human Security and International Insecurity". Security and Human Rights 19, n. 2 (2008): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502308784743472.

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4

Jacka, Liz, e Helen Wilson. "American Empire: Media and International Insecurity". Media International Australia 113, n. 1 (novembre 2004): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411300103.

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This issue of MIA was conceived at about the time that the November 2003 issue on ‘The New “Others”: Media and Society Post-September 1’ was published. That issue, due to the normal journal lead times, was largely assembled before both the Bali bombing and the war in Iraq, and thus the editors, Liz Jacka and Lelia Green, were not able to give the kind of coverage to those events that they, and we, would have liked. So this issue, in which we include several articles which analyse aspects of the (continuing) Iraq war, is to some extent a sequel to the earlier one. However, editing that issue and observing the unfolding events surrounding the war and its aftermath also led us to begin to ruminate upon the intensification of US world hegemony, and to reflect on the apparent erosion of any counterforce to its continuing economic, military and cultural domination. This posed the question of whether the ‘9/11 thing’ had led to a change in the United States’ role in the world and whether, in fact, what we were confronting was an American empire, with the same kind of total power in the world of the twenty-first century that the Roman Empire wielded in the ancient world. This issue, then, seeks to illuminate the extension of the ‘American empire’ and the resulting deployment internationally of discourses of insecurity, which drive a greater and greater wedge between the ‘free world’ — as George W. Bush likes to call it — and the forces of darkness and barbarism.

5

Walker, R. B. J. "Lines of Insecurity: International, Imperial, Exceptional". Security Dialogue 37, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010606064137.

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6

Dana, Liyuwork Mitiku, Janine Wright, Rebecca Ward, Jaya A. R. Dantas, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Blake Lawrence, Moira O’Connor, Sue Booth, Deborah A. Kerr e Christina M. Pollard. "Food Insecurity, Food Assistance, and Psychological Distress among University Students: Cross-Sectional Survey Western Australia, 2020". Nutrients 15, n. 11 (23 maggio 2023): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112431.

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University students have been identified as a population sub-group vulnerable to food insecurity. This vulnerability increased in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess factors associated with food insecurity among university students and the differences between students with and without children. A cross-sectional survey of (n = 213) students attending one university in Western Australia measured food insecurity, psychological distress, and socio-demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with food insecurity. Forty-eight percent of students who responded to the survey had experienced food insecurity in 2020. International students who were studying in Australia were nine times more likely to experience food insecurity than domestic students (AOR = 9.13; 95% CI = 2.32–35.97). International students with children were more likely to experience food insecurity than international students without children (p < 0.001) and domestic students with (p < 0.001) or without children (p < 0.001). For each unit increase in depression level, the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity increased (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.12–2.33). Findings show a higher prevalence of food insecurity among international university students and students with children during the COVID-19 pandemic and that food insecurity was associated with higher levels of psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of food insecurity among Australian university students, particularly among international students, students with children, and those experiencing psychological distress.

7

Rothstein, Linda. "Nuclear insecurity". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 58, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2002): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/058001001.

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Moore, Mike. "National insecurity". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 48, n. 9 (novembre 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1992.11460118.

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Blukacz, Alice, Báltica Cabieses, Catalina Huerta, Amelia A. Lake, Jo Smith, Emma L. Giles e Faye Deane. "International migration, food insecurity, and mental health: A scoping review protocol". Medwave 24, n. 04 (30 maggio 2024): e2802-e2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2024.04.2802.

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Introduction Food insecurity is a global priority that has been found to negatively impact mental health, increasing the risk of mental disorders and severe mental illness. International migrants may face food insecurity throughout their migratory cycle due to a range of risk factors, such as poor transit conditions, precarious employment, financial pressure, discrimination, and lack of availability and access to culturally relevant food, among others. Although there are multiple reviews on migration, food insecurity, and health in general, no scoping review has been conducted on food insecurity among international migrants focusing on mental health. Objective To investigate the available evidence on food insecurity and mental health among international migrants. Methods A search of scientific literature in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese published since 2013 will be performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, APA PsycArticles, Cinahl, and ASSIA databases, including grey literature available in Google Scholar. Two authors will independently review titles, abstracts, and full texts before extracting data from publications complying with the eligibility criteria. Extracted data will be descriptively mapped according to emerging thematic categories. Expected results The review will contribute to identifying what is known about international migration, food insecurity, and mental health, gaps in the literature, opportunities for specific research subtopics, and how food insecurity and mental health can be linked in the existing literature.

10

Koren, Ore, Benjamin E. Bagozzi e Thomas S. Benson. "Food and water insecurity as causes of social unrest: Evidence from geolocated Twitter data". Journal of Peace Research 58, n. 1 (gennaio 2021): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320975091.

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Research often fails to account for the specific pathways by which climatic factors can cause social unrest. One challenge lies in understanding the distinct effects of food insecurity and water insecurity – which we term ‘staple insecurities’ – while accounting for their interrelated nature, especially at high-resolution spatio-temporal scales. To unpack these dynamics, we leverage geolocated Twitter data across urban areas in Kenya and deploy a supervised machine learning approach to separately identify geolocated tweets concerning food and water insecurity, in both English and Swahili. The data are then aggregated to create daily measures of food and water insecurity for standardized grid-cells to examine how perceived food insecurity moderates and/or reinforces perceived water insecurity’s impacts on social unrest, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that food and water insecurities’ respective effects should be interpreted as mutually reinforcing – in compelling citizens to take to the streets – rather than as independent. Those concerned with climate change’s impact on conflict should hence endeavor to jointly account for both forms of insecurity, and their interactive effects.

11

Ibiyemi, Temitope, Wasiuddin Najam e Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "Interplay Between Food Insecurity and Stress Among International Students at a University in West Texas". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (giugno 2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac051.032.

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Abstract Objectives International students provide the much-needed diversity and enrich the experiences of college students. As the COVID-19 pandemic ravaged economies, impaired food access, and affected mental health globally, international students in the United States (US) did not qualify for government aid, making them more susceptible to food insecurity and stress. Hence, this study objective was to assess international students' food security status and examine the relationship between stress and food insecurity. Methods An online survey was administered to 75 international students at the chosen University from October 2021-December 2021. Food security was evaluated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 10-item food security survey, while stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Independent t-tests were done to observe the statistical differences in student classification, work hours, marital status, and Spearman's correlation to examine the bivariate relationship between food insecurity and stress. Results The results showed 32% of international students were food insecure, with 73% of students experiencing moderate stress and 12% high-stress levels. PSS and food security status did not vary significantly with grade classification, work hours, or marital status. However, the food insecurity rate among international students who migrated within the last year was (43%) twice the rate of those in the country for more than a year (22%). There was a positive correlation between food insecurity and stress (r (71) = .35, p = 0.003). Conclusions Food insecurity correlated with stress among participants. Our findings indicate about one-third of international students are food insecure and suggest international students face moderate to high-stress levels, especially during the first year in the new environment. Future nutrition interventions and stress management strategies are essential, especially for international students who migrated within a year. Funding Sources No funding.

12

SAAB, ANNE. "An International Law Approach to Food Regime Theory". Leiden Journal of International Law 31, n. 2 (26 febbraio 2018): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000122.

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AbstractHunger and food insecurity are viewed as global problems, requiring global responses. Even though there is no distinct field of ‘international food law’, many areas of international law in some way deal with issues related to global hunger and food insecurity. Hunger and food insecurity are immensely complex problems that cannot possibly be understood and addressed through an inherently limited disciplinary perspective. This article argues that food regime theory – an analytical tool developed and used mostly in the field of sociology – can provide a useful means through which to better lay bare the role of international law in constituting global food relations. If international lawyers are serious about contributing to reducing global hunger and realizing food security, it is imperative to situate international law and its specialized fields within the broader political economy of food.

13

Arthur, Peter. "Review: Collective Insecurity". International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 58, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200305800418.

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Dibb, Paul, David D. Hale e Peter Pince. "Asia's Insecurity". Survival 41, n. 3 (gennaio 1999): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396339912331342893.

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15

Brooks, Julia, e Rob Grace. "Confronting Humanitarian Insecurity". Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.030.

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Violence against aid workers seeking to bring assistance and protection to vulnerable people amid ongoing armed conflicts, disasters or other crises has fuelled growing concern over how to protect the humanitarian mission. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 118 practitioners involved in humanitarian operations and security management, this article considers three under-analysed prongs of grappling with humanitarian insecurity. The first three sections, in turn, examine the pursuit of accountability at both the domestic and international levels, public advocacy efforts and confidential negotiation. The fourth section links the article’s assessment of these three modes of responding to humanitarian insecurity to the broader discourse on security management in the humanitarian sector. Specifically, this section revisits and reimagines the security triangle, a framework that has played an influential role in shaping discourse on security management in humanitarian operations. The final section offers concluding remarks.

16

Dewanti, Elin. "Peranan World Food Programme (WFP) Melalui Program Food For Assets (FFA) Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Potensi Rawan Pangan Di Indonesia". Global Political Studies Journal 2, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2018): 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v2i2.2026.

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This study was to determine the role of the World Food Programme (WFP) through the Food For Assets (FFA) in an effort to reduce the potential for food insecurity in West Nusa Tenggara 2008-2010. Researchers analyzed the various efforts made by WFP through the FFA in its efforts to reduce the potential for food insecurity in the region is categorized as having food insecurity in West Nusa Tenggara. Author of the research methods used in this study is qualitative method, aims to describe the facts relating to the problem under study. Most of the data collected through library research, online data retrieval, documentation, and interviews. The data was then analyzed with the theories and concepts in International Relations, among others, The Role of International Organizations, and Non-Traditional Security Issues. The results showed that the WFP has done its role as an international organization that focuses on food issues. WFP is providing food assistance to areas experiencing food insecurity in Indonesia, one of which is the West Nusa Tenggara. Such assistance is implemented in the form of FFA programs and activities to support efforts to reduce the potential for food insecurity in West Nusa Tenggara.

17

Jansen, Bram J. "The humanitarian protectorate of South Sudan? Understanding insecurity for humanitarians in a political economy of aid". Journal of Modern African Studies 55, n. 3 (11 agosto 2017): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000271.

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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to contribute to debates about humanitarian governance and insecurity in post-conflict situations. It takes the case of South Sudan to explore the relations between humanitarian agencies, the international community, and local authorities, and the ways international and local forms of power become interrelated and contested, and to what effect. The paper is based on eight months of ethnographic research in various locations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2013, in which experiences with and approaches to insecurity among humanitarian aid actors were studied. The research found that many security threats can be understood in relation to the everyday practices of negotiating and maintaining humanitarian access. Perceiving this insecurity as violation or abuse of a moral and practical humanitarianism neglects how humanitarian aid in practice was embedded in broader state building processes. This paper posits instead that much insecurity for humanitarian actors is a symptom of the blurring of international and local forms of power, and this mediates the development of a humanitarian protectorate.

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Collier, Daniel A., Dan Fitzpatrick, Chelsea Brehm e Eric Archer. "Coming to College Hungry". Journal of Postsecondary Student Success 1, n. 1 (31 agosto 2021): 106–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsop_jpss124641.

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This exploratory descriptive, single-university study (N=700) joined institutional, external, and survey data to examine first-year students’ food insecurity links to non-cognitive attributes and first-semester performance and persistence. Regressions indicate LGBTQ, multi-racial, international, transfer, and first-generation students exhibit increased food insecurity. Food insecurity linked with psychological distress, financial stress, amotivation, and intent to engage with peers but not to faculty, staff, and academic engagement. Food insecurity is also associated with lower first-semester GPA and credits earned. Findings strengthen limited evidence that food insecurity links to college students’ experience, suggesting groups of already-underserved students may need immediate support to ease food insecurity.

19

Buzan, Barry. "‘Change and insecurity’ reconsidered". Contemporary Security Policy 20, n. 3 (dicembre 1999): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523269908404228.

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Der Derian, James. "A Quantum of Insecurity*". New Perspectives 27, n. 2 (giugno 2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x1902700202.

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Verma, Neena. "Insecurity in architecture". Architectural Research Quarterly 18, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000414.

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‘I myself do not believe in explaining anything’, wrote Shel Silverstein. It seems that architecture is always looking to explain itself. Definitions of architecture seem almost common knowledge; ask a bartender, biologist, computer scientist, economist, legislator, birdwatcher, quilter or scientist, each of whom analogises their field with respect to architecture. And several within the profession can themselves define architecture's limits quite elegantly. Most recently Steven Holl defined architecture as consisting simply of abstract, use, space and idea. However, seeking a rationale or explanation for architecture – its role in society, its impact, its value – remains an open debate. This debate has consumed the field, in academia and practice, for centuries. It suggests a dire insecurity.Shifts in architecture's self-perception and self-explanation often relate to formal styles. Any text on architectural history covers these styles, from Neolithic to contemporary, including accompanying sub-movements such as, for the early modern category, Expressionist architecture, Art Deco, and the so-called ‘International Style’. Each style is often imagined a product of, or reaction to, a preceding style, and much the same can be said of accompanying trends in the explanation of architecture. This essay, and its underlying argument, is itself a reaction to the current state of affairs.

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Hough, Peter. "Workplace Insecurity: The Case for Global Governance". Business Law Review 34, Issue 2 (1 aprile 2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2013011.

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The annual global death toll from accidents at work far outstrips that accrued in acts of war or terrorism, but the phenomenon struggles to command anything like the prominence of these traditional priorities of international security in global politics. Whilst the 'securitization' of many non-military issues, such as climate change and disease, has come to be accepted in some sections of the academic and 'real' political world, this status has very rarely been granted to workplace accidents. This seems to be because of the perception that a) accidental deaths cannot be equated to deaths inflicted directly by enemies (including non-human ones) and b) protecting workers is a domestic rather than international political concern. Protecting people against such accidents, though, is a legal and political task which has been accepted by industrialized governments from as far back as the late nineteenth century when 'social security' policies began to evolve in response to changing economic and social conditions. Equally, incidents of workers in Less Developed Countries being killed are no longer unfortunate problems unconnected with the relatively safe lives of people in the global North since developed world consumers are functionally connected to these systemic failures as never before. This paper therefore presents the case for the international community to adopt a human security approach which allows for worker safety to be given the international political priority it deserves.

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Lawal, Olufemi Adigun, e Sunday Samson Babalola. "The relationship between leader-follower exchange and job insecurity: The mediating role of trust". Corporate Board role duties and composition 12, n. 2 (2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv12i2art3.

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The study examines the extent and nature of mediational roles of affective and cognitive trusts on the predictive relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and job insecurity. Six hundred and twenty-six employees are surveyed through questionnaire administration. Analysis of the data is done with simple regression and multiple regression analyses. The findings show no significant prediction of job insecurity by affective trust as well as no significant mediation of the LMX and job insecurity relationship by affective trust. The study also shows significant prediction of job insecurity by LMX, and significant mediation of the LMX-job insecurity relationship by cognitive trust. The results are discussed in the light of reviewed literature and current realities. The implications of the study are also highlighted.

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Walker, R. B. J. "Culture, Discourse, Insecurity". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 11, n. 4 (ottobre 1986): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437548601100403.

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DiLorenzo, Matthew. "Leader Survival, Sources of Political Insecurity, and International Conflict". Political Research Quarterly 72, n. 3 (14 settembre 2018): 596–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918798512.

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Recent research identifies the risk and consequences of losing office as important factors in leaders’ decisions to initiate international conflicts. This paper argues that the institutional source of a domestic threat to a leader should condition the relationship between political insecurity and international conflict. Specifically, existing theoretical mechanisms linking international conflict to security in office should not apply to threats that come from outside a leader’s selectorate. Natural disasters provide a convenient opportunity to test this argument since others have argued that disasters not only affect the risk that all types of leaders lose office but that they do so by creating threats that operate through different mechanisms in different domestic institutional contexts. I find that deaths from disasters are positively associated with conflict initiation among large-coalition leaders throughout the period of 1950 to 2007. I also find that neither disaster deaths nor events are related to conflict behavior for small-coalition leaders. In arguing that not all threats to leader survival matter for international conflict, the paper offers an important qualification to theories of leader survival and international conflict.

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Huysmans, Jef. "International Politics of Insecurity: Normativity, Inwardness and the Exception". Security Dialogue 37, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010606064134.

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Sirkeci, Ibrahim. "War in Iraq: Environment of Insecurity and International Migration". International Migration 43, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00338.x.

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Ang, Kelly, Soonwye Lucero, Kanae Lee, Andrea Barney, Carol Mathusek, Victoria Thomas, Jinan Banna et al. "Food Insecurity in the US: An International Student Perspective". Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 55, n. 7 (luglio 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2023.05.046.

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Ubale Yahaya, Jibrin. "International Migration and the Phenomenon of Insecurity in Nigeria". Journal of International Politics 1, n. 3 (2019): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2642-8245.0103005.

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López, Enrique Valverde, e Alfonso Sánchez. "Research trends on the main threats to food security in international relations scholarship". World Food Policy 9, n. 2 (novembre 2023): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wfp2.12065.

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AbstractAfter a slow and steady decrease in global food insecurity, the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have undone much of these gains. This intervention aims to shed light on whether academic research on food security is currently focused on the most food‐insecure countries and whether equal attention has been devoted to the biggest threats to food security: economic shocks, extreme weather, and armed conflict. We find that only 37% of countries in a state of crisis, emergency, or famine have been the focus of published research in food security. Moreover, our analysis shows that, when combined, 53% of all academic publications addressed at least one of the key drivers of food insecurity, yet possible biases and gaps emerge when these results are disaggregated by each specific driver of food insecurity.

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Mathew, Dean. "The great American insecurity". Strategic Analysis 24, n. 3 (giugno 2000): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160008455237.

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Hosein, Gus, e Eric King. "Age of insecurity". Index on Censorship 40, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422011410787.

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Fotakis, Emmanouil Alexandros, Ioanna Kontele, Milia Tzoutzou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Eirini Arvanitaki, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, Konstantinos Kotrokois, Eleni Kornarou e Tonia Vassilakou. "Food Insecurity in Greece and across the Globe: A Narrative Literature Review". Foods 13, n. 10 (18 maggio 2024): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101579.

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Food insecurity comprises a major global public health threat, as its effects are detrimental to the mental, physical, and social aspects of the health and well-being of those experiencing it. We performed a narrative literature review on the magnitude of global food insecurity with a special emphasis on Greece and analyzed the major factors driving food insecurity, taking into consideration also the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic search of international literature was conducted in three databases. More than 900 million people worldwide experience severe food insecurity, with future projections showing increasing trends. Within Europe, Eastern and Southern European countries display the highest food insecurity prevalence rates, with Greece reporting a prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity ranging between 6.6% and 8% for the period 2019–2022. Climate change, war, armed conflicts and economic crises are major underlying drivers of food insecurity. Amidst these drivers, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on food insecurity levels around the globe, through halting economic growth, disrupting food supply chains and increasing unemployment and poverty. Tackling food insecurity through addressing its key drivers is essential to any progress towards succeeding the Sustainable Development Goal of “Zero Hunger”.

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Vigneswaran, Darshan, e Philippe Bourbeau. "Insecurity, deportability and authority". Security Dialogue 54, n. 6 (dicembre 2023): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09670106231210472.

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Security is more than ever a central theme in the study of international migration. For the past twenty years, research on the securitization of migration has burgeoned. While these initiatives are to be applauded, we believe they may also have misdiagnosed the problem. For example, it may not be that the concept of ‘security’ needs to be ‘humanized’ in order to be more in tune with migrants’ concerns. Rather, the problem may lie in the use of the ‘migrant’ as an analytical category. The ‘migrant’ remains an inherently statist construct. The starting premise for the collection of articles in this special issue is that it is the tendency of academic research to mistake the statist category of the ‘migrant’ as an analytical category that has prevented the literature on the migration–security nexus from meaningfully reflecting the lived experience and aspirations of its human respondents, particularly as regards their encounters with forms of institutional authority, practices, resistance and resilience. We use the rubric of deportability to open up a variety of ways of thinking and talking about migration and security that do not fall back upon statist tropes. The authors in this collection take up this challenge by framing and employing concepts such as statelessness, sedentariness and expulsion to redefine our understanding of the relationship between movement and order. They take inspiration from multiple brands of social and political theorizing where conditions of violence and forced removal qualitatively differentiate the experiences and encounters of a particular group.

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Showler, Allan T., e Michel Lecoq. "Incidence and Ramifications of Armed Conflict in Countries with Major Desert Locust Breeding Areas". Agronomy 11, n. 1 (8 gennaio 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010114.

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Despite many areas of progress in recent years, desert locust surveillance and control is impaired by many obstacles, the most intractable of which is insecurity. Insecurity involves rebellions, insurgencies, civil and international war, banditry, terrorism, and minefields. Obstruction of desert locust operations in breeding areas by ongoing armed conflict and landmines constitutes “direct” insecurity. “Indirect” insecurity, although less obvious, is arguably more broadly deleterious by debilitating government function and diverting funds, personnel, and equipment from desert locust management. Indirect “active” insecurity is armed conflict and civil unrest that is occurring at the same time as a desert locust episode, but not in the breeding areas. Indirect “inactive” insecurity refers to the after-effects of insecurity, including weak funding because of prior inattention to capacity maintenance during times of direct and indirect active insecurity, disabled or militarily-appropriated vehicles and other resources, destruction of infrastructure, and deployment of mines. We provide examples of direct and indirect insecurity across 35 years, from 1986 through May 2020, in 13 African and Asian countries (Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Western Sahara, and Yemen) with desert locust breeding areas to illustrate the complexity, pervasiveness, and chronic occurrence of insecurity. The upsurge of 2020 is used to show how direct insecurity still contributes to the genesis and expansion of desert locust episodes. Possible mitigation of direct insecurity effects on some desert locust operations is discussed.

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Showler, Allan T., e Michel Lecoq. "Incidence and Ramifications of Armed Conflict in Countries with Major Desert Locust Breeding Areas". Agronomy 11, n. 1 (8 gennaio 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010114.

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Abstract (sommario):

Despite many areas of progress in recent years, desert locust surveillance and control is impaired by many obstacles, the most intractable of which is insecurity. Insecurity involves rebellions, insurgencies, civil and international war, banditry, terrorism, and minefields. Obstruction of desert locust operations in breeding areas by ongoing armed conflict and landmines constitutes “direct” insecurity. “Indirect” insecurity, although less obvious, is arguably more broadly deleterious by debilitating government function and diverting funds, personnel, and equipment from desert locust management. Indirect “active” insecurity is armed conflict and civil unrest that is occurring at the same time as a desert locust episode, but not in the breeding areas. Indirect “inactive” insecurity refers to the after-effects of insecurity, including weak funding because of prior inattention to capacity maintenance during times of direct and indirect active insecurity, disabled or militarily-appropriated vehicles and other resources, destruction of infrastructure, and deployment of mines. We provide examples of direct and indirect insecurity across 35 years, from 1986 through May 2020, in 13 African and Asian countries (Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Western Sahara, and Yemen) with desert locust breeding areas to illustrate the complexity, pervasiveness, and chronic occurrence of insecurity. The upsurge of 2020 is used to show how direct insecurity still contributes to the genesis and expansion of desert locust episodes. Possible mitigation of direct insecurity effects on some desert locust operations is discussed.

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Smith, Michael D., e Dennis Wesselbaum. "COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration". Journal of Nutrition 150, n. 11 (25 agosto 2020): 2855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa270.

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ABSTRACT In this policy piece, we investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–food-insecurity migration channel and develop a policy agenda. The interaction between COVID-19 and the drop in economic activity will lead to increased food insecurity within and across countries. Higher food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased migration. Research has shown that food insecurity affects within-country and cross-border migration. Besides the mean prevalence rate, the distribution of food insecurity affects the migration decision. The impacts of COVID-19 are particularly strong for people in the lower tail of the food-insecurity distribution. In the current context, the effect of food insecurity therefore could be increased migration, including both rural–urban migration and international migration. Importantly, the crisis might lead to a structural break in migration patterns. People might avoid heavily affected COVID-19 destination countries (e.g., United States, Italy, or Spain) and move to other countries. Due to the persistent nature of migration flows, this could have long-lasting effects.

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Cornish, Paul. "Terrorism, insecurity and underdevelopment". Conflict, Security & Development 1, n. 03 (dicembre 2001): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678800100590625.

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Burgess, J. Peter. "The insecurity of critique". Security Dialogue 50, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010618814721.

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‘Security’ is a uniquely rich object for critique. It rests on a long and noble conceptual history in Western thought. And yet the provision of security most often consists of a shoring up, through the discourses of nationality, ethnicity, political economy or even science, of what is assumed to be solid at its core but weakened through the contingencies of politics, society, ideology, and so on. The article argues that the critical force of critique stems from the fact that critique itself is a practice inescapably bound up with insecurity, and thus that the critique of security exercised since around 1997 as ‘critical security studies’ is self-replicating. By introducing concepts from Husserlian phenomenology, it attempts to show that insecurity is not a simple feature of an otherwise secure state of life, ripe for critical analysis that promises to expose its false premises. Rather, insecurity lies at the very foundation of critical thought. Building upon the bare and basic question, ‘What does it mean to mean?’, a phenomenology of security asks the straightforward question: ‘What is the security-ness of security?’ It permits one to ask what remains of security when all else is stripped away, what essential minimum must be retained in order for security to be security.

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Leblond, Patrick. "Globalization and World Insecurity". International Studies Review 7, n. 4 (dicembre 2005): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2005.00541.x.

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Amoyaw, Jonathan, Mamata Pandey, Geoffrey Maina, Yiyan Li e Daniel Owusu Nkrumah. "Food insecurity among postsecondary international students: a scoping review protocol". BMJ Open 12, n. 10 (ottobre 2022): e060952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060952.

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IntroductionInternational students make significant contributions to their host institutions and countries. Yet research shows that not all international students have the financial means to fend for themselves and meet their financial obligations for the entire study programme. Such students are at significant risk of food insecurity. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise available information on the factors related to food insecurity among international students studying at postsecondary educational institutions and identify the types of food insecurity interventions that have been implemented to address this issue.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will be used to guide this scoping review, and we will search the following databases: MEDLINE (through Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, ERIC (via Ovid), PROSPERO and ProQuest. The titles, abstracts, and subsequently full texts of the selected papers will then be screened against the inclusion criteria. Data from articles included in the review will be extracted using a data charting form and will be summarised in a tabular form. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes that thread through the selected studies and will be guided by the steps developed by Terryet al.Ethics and disseminationSince this project entails a review of available literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be presented at academic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. To make the findings more accessible, they will also be distributed via digital communication platforms.

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Chiozza, Giacomo, e H. E. Goemans. "Peace through Insecurity". Journal of Conflict Resolution 47, n. 4 (agosto 2003): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002703252975.

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Vietti, Francesca, e Todd Scribner. "Human Insecurity: Understanding International Migration from a Human Security Perspective". Journal on Migration and Human Security 1, n. 1 (marzo 2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241300100102.

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Ravenhill, John. "Resource insecurity and international institutions in the Asia-Pacific region". Pacific Review 26, n. 1 (marzo 2013): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2013.755364.

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Vietti, Francesca, e Todd Scribner. "Human Insecurity: Understanding International Migration from a Human Security Perspective". Journal on Migration and Human Security 1, n. 1 (2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/jmhs.v1i1.6.

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Crush, Jonathan S., e G. Bruce Frayne. "Urban food insecurity and the new international food security agenda". Development Southern Africa 28, n. 4 (ottobre 2011): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2011.605571.

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Korda, Tomáš. "Nuclear Power in Times of International Insecurity and Environmental Crisis". Filozofia 78, n. 10S (11 dicembre 2023): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.suppl.8.

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Akande, Dapo, e Emanuela-Chiara Gillard. "Conflict-induced Food Insecurity and the War Crime of Starvation of Civilians as a Method of Warfare". Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, n. 4 (1 settembre 2019): 753–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz050.

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Abstract This article examines the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) relevant to avoiding or minimizing conflict-induced food insecurity. It is important to consider these rules in order to appreciate the range of protections to which civilians are entitled. Understanding these rules is also essential for interpreting the relevant provisions of international criminal law, including, most notably, the war crime of starvation of the civilian population. After providing a brief outline of the general rules of IHL respect of which can reduce the risk of food insecurity, the article focuses on two sets of rules of direct relevance to food insecurity: the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the rules regulating humanitarian relief operation. With regard to the former, the article considers whether, under IHL, the prohibition requires that the party that has engaged in the conduct must act with the purpose of causing starvation. It is argued that while the general prohibition of starvation in IHL requires such purpose, there are other, more specific, rules of IHL directed at reducing food insecurity which do not require such purpose. Consideration is also given to the application of the principle of proportionality to measures which have the effect of causing starvation. While most of this article focuses on IHL, it also provides some reflections on the interplay between the rules of IHL relating to humanitarian relief operations and the war crime of starvation in the International Criminal Court’s Statute. Moving briefly away from IHL, the article also highlights a normative tension that can impede humanitarian action and therefore exacerbate food insecurity.

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Saha, Satchit Anand, Katelyn Ann Williams, George Murphy e Sandeep Ajoy Saha. "Food Insecurity, Cardiometabolic Risk and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review and Call for Action". OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 09, n. 01 (9 gennaio 2024): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.2401006.

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Food insecurity and insufficient access to affordable nutrition have been associated with increased risk for the development of multiple chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease. In this narrative review, we explore the association between food insecurity and the development of chronic medical conditions that confer increased cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. We also identify the various barriers leading to food insecurity and lack of food literacy, with an emphasis on patients with high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, stroke, congestive heart failure, and coronary heart disease. We discuss recent developments in legislation and public policies and programs designed to expand our understanding and reduce food insecurity at the local, regional, national, and international levels, and identify opportunities for future research and innovation.

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Mihrshahi, Seema, Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani, Janaki Amin, Alexandra Bhatti, Josephine Y. Chau, Rimante Ronto, Diana Turnip e Melanie Taylor. "Higher Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress among International University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian Perspective". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2022): 14101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114101.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and related disruptions have not only affected university students’ learning and academic outcomes, but also other issues, such as food security status, mental health and employment. In Australia, international students faced additional pressures due to sudden border closures and lack of eligibility for government-provided financial support. This study explored the experiences of domestic and international university students residing in Australia during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across a range of outcomes. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between July and September 2020 at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. The online survey included food insecurity status, mental health (psychological distress), disruptions to study, employment and sleep. A total of 105 students (n = 66 domestic and n = 39 international) completed the survey. Respondents reported having food insecurity (41.9%) and psychological distress (52.2%, with high and very high levels), with international students reporting significantly higher food insecurity (OR = 9.86 (95% CI 3.9–24.8), p < 0.001) and psychological distress scores (t(90) = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.30 to 8.81, p = 0.009) than domestic students. About one quarter of all respondents reported disruptions to study and employment status around the time of the survey. When asked what government support should be provided for international students, ‘financial aid’ was the most frequently suggested form of support. This research may help governments and educational institutions design appropriate support, particularly financial and psychological, for both international and domestic university students.