Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "International Express Company"

Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili

Scegli il tipo di fonte:

Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "International Express Company".

Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.

Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.

Articoli di riviste sul tema "International Express Company"

1

Lu, Hua-An, e Chi-Sheng Chung. "Freighter Loading Efficiency at Airports for International Air Express". MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030804002.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Loading efficiency of freighters plays an indispensable role for the service performance of international air express companies. This study examined the priorities of factors to affect freighter loading efficiency at Taoyuan International airport (TPE) with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Unit load device (ULD) inventory control, load factor and load plan were ranked top 3 from 15 factors by practical experts. This study used the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate 26 flights of MD11 freighters operated by an international air express company at TPE. The results revealed that the performance ranges between the best and worst flights were obvious.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

Amelia Rezeki, Syifa, Rifat Hibrizi Al Banjari, Dimas Very Prabowo, Fahrezi Maulana e Syifa Amelia Rezeki. "History of Establishment Procedures of PT Sinergi Express in Medan City". Formosa Journal of Science and Technology 2, n. 6 (30 giugno 2023): 1617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v2i6.4330.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
PT. Sinergi Ekspress Logistindo Pratama (SINEX Cargo) is a private company focused on shipping pharmaceutical goods, general cargo goods, city courier delivery. The company has been established since August 8, 2000, founded in Medan by Mr. Iskandar Zulkarnain, SE, AMP who has experience in the fields of Domestic, International Cargo and Courier Companies, the purpose of this research is to find out the History of Establishment and Procedures of Pt Sinergi Express. The research method used is Field Search research.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Lu, Hua-An, e Chi-Sheng Chung. "LOADING OPERATION EFFICIENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR EXPRESS AT A SPOKE AIRPORT". Aviation 27, n. 3 (18 ottobre 2023): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2023.19976.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Loading operation efficiency at airports plays an indispensable role in international air express service performance. The authors comprehensively examined the priorities of factors that affect loading operation efficiency for air express services at Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan. The reviewed results from surveying practical experts using a rank pair-wise comparison (RPC) revealed that load factor and load planning consistently ranked higher and more crucial among 15 elements regardless of flight properties. Long-haul services to the North American hub were most concerned with inventory control of unit load devices (ULDs). Regional feeder services attached importance to the ground operations workforce as well. Feeder services for cross-continental deliveries additionally focused on the arrangement of apron bays. The authors used the TOPSIS, i.e., technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions, to evaluate flights by three freighter types. Considering that the studied company performed more consistently on the top crucial factors, the sub-criteria that belong to the negative subset and are affected by the external units played a dominant role in these evaluated flights.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
4

Castelló Pastor, José Juan. "Derogatio fori, sociedades mercantiles y pluralidad de demandados = Derogatio fori, commercial companies and plurality of defendants". CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, n. 2 (5 ottobre 2018): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4404.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Resumen: El Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, sección 1ª, de 13 de diciembre de 2017 objeto de comentario estima el límite de la jurisdicción española por la sumisión expresa en favor de los tribunales de otro Estado en un contrato de suministro celebrado entre dos mercantiles. La Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona aprecia la derogatio fori con base en el artículo 22 ter párrafo cuarto LOPJ, pese a demandarse también a una sociedad domiciliada en España que no es firmante del contrato.Palabras clave: derogatio fori, sumisión expresa, competencia judicial internacional, materia con-tractual, declinatoria internacional, tribunales de terceros estados.Abstract: The Order of the Provincial Court of Barcelona, section 1, of December 13, 2017 object of comment estimates the limit of Spanish jurisdiction by express submission in favor of the courts of another State in a supply contract concluded between two merchants. The Provincial Court of Barcelona appreciates the derogatio fori based on article 22 ter fourth paragraph of the LOPJ, in spite of also de-manding a company domiciled in Spain that is not a signatory of the contract.Keywords: derogatio fori, express submission, international jurisdiction, contractual matters, ju-risdiction on a third country.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
5

Wu, Kuei Yang, Yen Yu Wu, I. Ting Tsai e Shi Wen Yung. "Critical Factors for the Construction Company to Select the Green Building Materials". Key Engineering Materials 573 (settembre 2013): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.573.143.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Based on the demand of sustainable environment, the construction company must seek for new concept to express a house with functionality, comfort, wisdom, security and particularity to attract the consumers during the process of current architectural design. With the documentary analysis and expert interviews, the indicators are planned. Moreover, Fuzzy Delphi is used to filter the indicators; Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to compare the relative importance among the indicators. Both are used to find out the reasons that impact the construction company to choose green building materials; and offer references for the company to select the materials in the future. From the result of this study, the health and environmental protection are considered by the construction company with first priority, then getting international certification, sustainable development and quality of building materials. Selling is not the first consideration. It shows that the consciousness of sustainable development is acknowledged by all the management levels in the construction company.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
6

Duca, Ioana, e Rodica Gherghina. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business". International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 9, n. 2 (aprile 2018): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2018040103.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
In this article, the authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. The article includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the development of CSR practices at a national and an international level, certain authors' for and against arguments are related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express the author's own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
7

Stuyck, Jules, e Guus Kemperink. "The Thirteenth Company Law Directive and Competing Bids". Common Market Law Review 45, Issue 1 (1 febbraio 2008): 93–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2008005.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The Thirteenth Company Law Directive (“the Directive”) seeks to create a level playing field within the Community so as to allow EU companies to freely establish themselves in the EU through the acquisition of control over EU listed companies. In this context, the Directive prohibits the board of the target company from taking any action that could result in the frustration of the bid without express shareholder consent (the neutrality rule). Nevertheless, the Directive allows the board of the target company to seek a competitive bidder (a white knight) to ward off a public bid. The Directive requires Member States to provide for legislation on competing bids. The question may be raised whether the discretion left to Member States in this regard will not bring into jeopardy the objectives of the Directive. The answer to this question is complex, more particularly in the light of the opt-outs that are incorporated in the Directive. As the Directive does not provide for a comprehensive harmonization, the article discusses to what extent the powers of Member States and the freedom of EU companies in the field of takeover law are affected by primary Community law. Finally the authors look at the remedies which are available for shareholders or bidders suffering a prejudice as a result of a corporate decision (in particular with respect to a competing bid) that complies with the national rules on takeover bids but is contrary to the Directive or the EC Treaty.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
8

BORTNIKOVA, Mariana, e Oksana ZUZAK. "Express evaluation of the adaptation potential of the enterprise during the entering foreign markets". Economics. Finances. Law 10, n. - (31 ottobre 2023): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.10.2.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction. Since globalization leads to increased competition in the international market, it is important to evaluate the adaptation potential of enterprises in the context of entering foreign markets, which affects their performance and determines their readiness to cooperate with global supply chains, which will allow developing adaptation strategies that will ensure successful penetration into new markets. Evaluate of the adaptation potential will help identify these differences and take them into account when developing marketing strategies, production, and communications with customers in foreign markets. The purpose of the paper is to identify the problems of express evaluation of the adaptation potential of enterprises in the conditions of entering foreign markets and to develop ways to solve them. Results. The study of issues of express assessment of adaptation potential in conditions of entering foreign markets is extremely important and relevant, since the company must be adapted to new conditions, cultural features and many other factors. During the research, problems that need to be solved were identified, namely: the variability of the list of indicators and criteria for the express assessment of adaptation potential in the conditions of entering foreign markets; non-systematic and fragmented nature of the process of forming an information base for express assessment of adaptation potential in the conditions of entering foreign markets. The results of the conducted research are recommended ways of solving the identified problems, in particular: formation and implementation of a balanced system of express assessment of the adaptation potential of enterprises in terms of entering foreign markets; development and implementation of a mechanism for the formation of an information base for the express evaluation of the adaptation potential of enterprises in the conditions of entering foreign markets. Conclusion. In modern conditions, successful adaptation is critically important for achieving competitive advantages and stable functioning on the market. On the basis of an express evaluation of the adaptation potential, the readiness of the enterprise for changes in the internal and external environment, the ability to adapt to the transformations of the international market and remain competitive and stable is formed.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
9

Jat, Mohsin Nasir, e Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq Jajja. "TCS: ‘Hazir SubKuch’—Making Everything Present". Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2020): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820119892738.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The case describes the journey of TCS as it became Pakistan’s leading logistics service provider. It highlights how and when TCS acquired different logistics and other value-adding capabilities and how these capabilities, in turn, complimented the diverse logistics services that TCS offered to a wide variety of businesses. TCS had been offering a top-notch Express and Logistics service around Pakistan for 30 years. TCS started as a company providing secure distribution of letters and packages. Customers perceived TCS as a shipping solution provider for all their goods transportation needs which included parcels, documents, E-commerce products and even their groceries. Table 1 of the case study highlights that TCS had taken up some unique and new initiatives. TCS handled four main clientele areas: Corporate, Consumer, International and E-commerce. For consumer wing, TCS oversaw bookings of documents and parcels at the express centres, door-to-door containerized shipments, domestic and international air ticketing, visa application drop box facility for various countries and financial services in the form of insurance plans. On the corporate side, TCS provided warehousing and distribution, digital printing and bulk mail solutions. International and e-commerce both catered consumer and corporate segments. Over the last decade, TCS had established a warehousing and distribution wing and a mail management and printing facility. Other ventures and services that TCS offered were Visatronix, Hazir, Home Movers, E-COM, TCS Aviation, Mail Management System, Warehouse and Distribution, Intiana, Sentiments express and Octra. The case focusses on the decision of whether or not to run an ambitious new logistics service, that is, Hazir SubKuch (HSK), meant to deliver anything non-prohibited that a customer wanted, on a crowdsourcing model. In the proposed crowdsourcing model, after training and evaluation, anyone could assume the role of a customer service provider by connecting to the system remotely. Similarly, pickup and delivery jobs could be performed under an Uber-like model by anyone who owned a ride and had smartphone connectivity. The service was a brainchild of the new CEO, hired by the founder and chairman as part of the new management team to bring a fresh dynamism in the company.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
10

Balakrishnan, Melodena Stephens. "Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, n. 3 (25 ottobre 2012): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2015-0036.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Title Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry. Subject area Entrepreneurship, International Business, Strategy. Study level/applicability Post-graduates, Practitioners. Case overview This case chronicles the Aramex PJSC story of entrepreneur Fadi Gandhour. The case looks at the new start-up, its growth and financing plans for expansion and how it got a competitive advantage in an industry dominated by big players. Aramex, as of 2012, was the only Arab company to have successfully listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. After 30 years at the helm of the company, Fadi Ghandour, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), was stepping down and was being succeeded by regional head, Hussein Hachem, the CEO of Middle East and Africa. Aramex had a competitive edge in emerging markets, and Fadi and Hussein knew that the route to sustainable growth was to capitalize on this opportunity using organic growth, acquisitions and strategic alliances. Expected learning outcomes Strategy included looking at gaining a competitive advantage in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and other emerging markets. Lessons are provided on capitalization of opportunity, funding and creating an organization culture that is sustainable and reflects the Founder's ideal. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Tesi sul tema "International Express Company"

1

Lai, Wing-ching Theresa. "Organization change in a courier company : a case study /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128171.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

Liu, Pei-Ling, e 劉佩玲. "Service center location selection of an international express company under resource constraints". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64533113033347647260.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理所
95
Service center is a critical link between International express companies and their customers. An ideal service center location can not only improve the relationship between companies and their customers, but also enhance companies’ performances and competitiveness. Since customers are the focus of an international express company, Voice of Customer (VOC) should be considered in service center selection process. In the study, customer’s needs and wants are colleted via Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Relationships among customer’s needs, performance measures, and qualitative selection criteria are evaluated through two matrices (Houses of Quality; HOQ). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to overcome conventional QFD’s shortcomings to identify relative importance of these needs. Finally, Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model is used to deal with fuzziness of decision criteria and constraints and to solve the scaling problem of crispy Goal Programming. Research results indicate that in the first HOQ, five most important needs are identified: delivering goods to destination (1) punctually, safely, (2) correctly, and (3) quickly, and taking prompt measures to handle the problems (4) when goods are in transit or (5) when goods are lost or damaged. Overall customer satisfaction, transportation time, and transfer time are corresponding major performance indices. In the second HOQ, critical qualitative selection criteria - completeness of the transportation network and nearness to transportation facilities are recognized. Qualitative value for each candidate location is then decided using AHP. Candidate location #2 is selected as the best location using FGP under the criteria – maximization of total qualitative value and minimization of investment cost. Finally, FGP with and without preemption are discussed to understand their effects on decision results.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Chen, Chih-Yu, e 陳致宇. "The study of activity-based management strategies for local international-express service company". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97982515862014169768.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
碩士
臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
95
To face the competition in the global market, due to a lack of resources, does a local small international-express service company have competitiveness when compared to those well-known international big companies? Or, does a local company have more flexibility than those big ones because of the small investment? To establish an activity-based costing (ABC) model and analyze the cost distribution in activities is a way to understand how a local company can survive in such a competitive market, or to establish some management strategies to increase the competition of the company. This is an interested research topic. The purpose of this study is: 1. to choose a local international-express service company as an example, 2. to establish an ABC model proposed and analyze its cost distribution for each activities so that some management problems of the company would be investigated, 3. to propose some management strategies for the company to correct those problems, and, finally, 4. to evaluate the performance of the company after the corrections. After the ABC analysis, this study has the following finds: 1. 92% of unit cost is from the batch-level activities, 2. the cost differences among products are due to batch-level activities. 3. the spring and summer unit costs are higher than that of fall and winter, and 4. the busy degree of the service lines also causes the cost differences. Two management strategies are proposed after the ABC analysis. The service frequencies of some batch-level activities are adjusted the cost differences due to above reasons are thus reduced, and the unit cost is hence reduced too.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
4

Chan, Chia Hui, e 詹嘉惠. "Customs Clearance Facilitation And International Express Information Chain - A Case Study of P Company". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6juewb.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
5

Hsu, Fang-Yu, e 徐芳瑜. "Customer Satisfaction Assessment on International Express Service Providers for Taiwan Textile Industry - A Case Study of F Company". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/946643.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院運輸物流學程
103
In recent years, the globalization of world economy triggers the intensified competition of express market. Express transportation has become an important channel for the flow of commodities. To satisfy the increasing demand and competitive challenges, adhering customer's industry market with customized solution and fulfill customer satisfaction with high service quality are in needed. Therefore, service quality and customer satisfaction has become an important factor to differentiate competitors in express industry. Considering this, the article presents the results of the research related to customer satisfaction with express services and their quality. For the connotation of F express company to increase its market share. The framework of this study is based on the PZB Gap Model, to explore the differences between Textile industry customer’s "expected service" and the "perceived service" (Gap 5), and gap between customers' expectations and F express company's managements' perceptions (Gap 1) by the express company evaluation index of service quality which established by using SERVQUAL scale as a basis for the questionnaire design with Textile industry customer's comment. As the questionnaire test to evaluate the service performance of the case of F Company, Finally apply Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) further through the data analysis; in order to find the problems in F Company’s service quality management, and put forward to improvement suggestions.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
6

Chen, Yee-Wen, e 陳儀文. "The Study of the Relationship among Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction -The case study of F International Express company". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5ew34d.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
碩士
輔仁大學
企業管理學系管理學碩士在職專班
106
Express service plays an important role nowadays, especially fast and reliable service are much essential. Internet connects each country from the very first beginning process of purchasing resources, sales marketing, the circle of production, to the delivery. It is the key to increase the development of economic through the documentation information exchange, and the final shipment of product sending on time and in time. To understand the expectation of customers and engage in with the needed tools; to meet the requirement of clients to reach the highly satisfaction of customers, it is not similar area to choose the pattern of sales and product line on every industries. Therefore, the key factor: industry and the years of working experience on every client as basis, to study the service of International Express on transportation to see if meet the end users' requirement, and if it has consistence of service quality, in order to increase the ability of the company competition with other competitors.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
7

Wang, Chih-Liang, e 王之亮. "Using Value Nets to analyze IT Strategy in International Air Cargo Industry - Case Study of Global Air Express Company and Local Forwarder Company in Taiwan". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22118174924354598996.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
94
During past 20 years, world-wide economics was changed dramatically. Enterprises faced the challenge how to globalize, digitize and fasten the processes. How to fully utilize the world-wide expertise and advantage is key topic in Global Logistics Management operation. The study explores Air Cargo industry and compares a global air express company and a local forwarder company in door-to-door service area. The study based on Value Nets to analyze the business strategy and how to apply in IT strategy. For a local forwarder to expand international air cargo door-to-door service, the study provides practical suggestion in business strategy and IT Strategy. The local forwarder could improve customer satisfaction and provide better competitive advantage.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Libri sul tema "International Express Company"

1

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Airport Commission: Concession review of Brookstone Company, Inc. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2007.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. Concession audit report: Skywest Airlines dba United Express, June 1, 1998 through December 31, 1999. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2000.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Division, San Francisco (Calif ). Office of the Controller Audits. Concession audit report: Southwest AIrlines Company, January 1, 1998 through December 31, 2000. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2001.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
4

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Airport Commission: Concession audit of SSP America, Inc., dba Anchor Steam Brewing Company and T.G.I. Friday's. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2008.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
5

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Airport Commission: Concession audit of Host International, Inc. food and beverage facilities. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2006.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
6

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. Concession audit report: Canadian Airlines International, July 1, 1996 through December 31, 1999. [San Francisco, CA]: Office of the Controller, 2000.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
7

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. Concession audit report: Ryan International Airlines, Inc., April 1, 1998 through June 30, 2000. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2001.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
8

Division, San Francisco (Calif ). Office of the Controller City Services Auditor. Airport Commission: Concession audit of Air France. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2005.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
9

Division, San Francisco (Calif ). Office of the Controller City Services Auditor. Airport Commission: Compliance audit of AirTran Airways, Inc. San Francisco, Calif: Office of the Controller, 2008.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
10

Division, San Francisco (Calif ). Office of the Controller City Services Auditor. Airport Commission: Concession review of America West Airlines, Inc. dba US Airways. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2007.

Cerca il testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Capitoli di libri sul tema "International Express Company"

1

Zheng, Xiuxiu, e Rong Du. "Behavioral Selections of the Express Company and the Customer: An Analysis Based on Evolution Game Theory". In Proceedings of the Fourth International Forum on Decision Sciences, 71–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2920-2_7.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

Gökce, Habibe Erdiş, Sofia Sjö, Peter Nynäs e Martin Lagerström. "Prosociality in an International Perspective: Civic Engagement and Volunteering". In The Diversity Of Worldviews Among Young Adults, 197–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94691-3_10.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIn many studies of young adults, prosocial attitudes and behaviors are on the agenda. The often reported decline in civic engagement among young adults is generally presented as a concern. Prosocial attitudes and behaviors have been linked to aspects of well-being; high scores on some prosocial attitude indicators are seen as a sign of positive adjustment. Prosocial attitudes and behaviors are also key in discussions of civic engagement, volunteering, and altruism – aspects, in a sense, of the well-being of a society, and they are also of interest in discussions of religion. Commonly, a link between prosociality and religion has been indicated.In this chapter, we bring together findings from the research project Young Adults and Religion in Global Perspective (YARG) for an overview of prosocial attitudes and behaviors among young adult university students. We focus particularly on civic engagement and volunteering. Based on survey data, we first briefly explore who expresses prosocial attitudes and behaviors and the values connected to prosocial behaviors. This perspective offers only tentative answers. For a more in-depth view, we continue by exploring the data from the Faith Q-Sort. Finally, we zoom in on two examples, Turkey and Sweden, and compare the views on civic engagement and volunteering among young adults in these two contexts.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Meira, Deolinda, e Maria Elisabete Ramos. "Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in Portugal". In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 739–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_36.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Portuguese legal system does not provide for the general regime of social enterprises. The legal notion offered by the Public Procurement Code has a sectoral scope, and the Basic Law on Social Economy is ambiguous as to the relationship between social enterprises and social economy. Benefit corporations have no legislative provision in the Portuguese legal order. However, “company” types are endowed with some flexibility. This allows shareholders to adapt the statutes to their business projects within the law’s limits through statutory clauses. Statutory clauses can incorporate the interests of the general community, workers and other stakeholders, translated, for example, into dividend distribution policies or environmentally sustainable practices, gender equality policies or the promotion of social responsibility measures.Although not expressly stated in Portuguese law, the current state of legal doctrine allows us to argue that social enterprises in Portugal are included in the perimeter of social economy entities.The areas of impact measured by B certification seem to be inspired by the experience concerning cooperatives, which combine social and economic aspects. Cooperatives, however, go beyond B-Corp entities. B certification, granted by private entity B-Lab, is not a new legal regime but only a label that distinguishes companies. Some Portuguese companies are B-Lab certified companies.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
4

Hameedadin, Amal Abdullah, e Christopher Hill. "An Investigation of the Development and Implementation of Teacher's Licensing in Saudi Arabia Based on Local Stakeholders’ Perceptions, Compared with International and Regional Practices". In BUiD Doctoral Research Conference 2023, 67–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_7.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractSaudi Arabia- is moving steadily toward Vision 2030. Accordingly, the Educational & Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC) has teamed up with the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia to update and raise the ‘Teacher Licensure Programme’ bar.Purpose- The study aimed to investigate the development and implementation of the 2019 teacher licensure program in Saudi Arabia.Methodology- The study adopted the exploratory sequential mixed method. The paper consisted of three stages. Initially, six policies were reviewed to compare international, regional, and local licensures. Second, the study collected quantitative data from 300 teachers from public schools through an online survey. The last stage collected qualitative data through a school leaders’ questionnaire.Findings- Stage one findings were linked to international and regional practices. A comparative study revealed a lack of career development at the college level and during in-service training in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, there is a need for a standardized teacher evaluation system that includes constructive feedback and reflection. Based on stage two findings, teachers expressed negative views regarding the current licensing programme. In addition, stage three findings confirmed stage two results from the perspective of school leaders and policymakers.Implications- Educators should consider building long-life learners by aligning licensing standards with the exam and desired outcomes, ensuring stakeholders’ involvement, create a continuous PD program.Originality/value- This study filled a critical gap in the theoretical field of teacher licensing in the Gulf Region. Additionally, the research suggested a flexible framework based on the best practices and the perceptions and experiences of the stakeholders. The framework asserted that the licensing examination is one of a number of methods for evaluating teachers.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
5

Duca, Ioana, e Rodica Gherghina. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business". In Social Entrepreneurship, 1001–16. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8182-6.ch051.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
In this article, the authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. The article includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the development of CSR practices at a national and an international level, certain authors' for and against arguments are related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express the author's own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
6

Duca, Ioana, e Rodica Gherghina. "CSR Initiatives". In Ethics and Decision-Making for Sustainable Business Practices, 187–202. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3773-1.ch011.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. As this is a concept with a relatively brief history in the Romanian business environment, the authors include references to relevant papers in the specialised literature throughout this chapter. The chapter includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the CSR practices development at national and international level, certain authors' for and against arguments related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
7

Duca, Ioana, e Rodica Gherghina. "CSR Initiatives". In Corporate Social Responsibility, 127–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch007.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. As this is a concept with a relatively brief history in the Romanian business environment, the authors include references to relevant papers in the specialised literature throughout this chapter. The chapter includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the CSR practices development at national and international level, certain authors' for and against arguments related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
8

Hofacker, Matthias. "Corresponding Adjustments". In The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law, 555—C31N79. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192897688.013.33.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter examines the purpose of corresponding adjustments to avoid economic double taxation as per indicated in Article 9 of OECD-MA. It defines corresponding adjustments as reports due to a previous initial correction of a company’s tax base. In international tax law, the corresponding adjustment is located in the area of transfer pricing. The application of the corresponding adjustment is based on the OECD’s idea that a correction (initial adjustment) is made to the tax base in a state because the company concerned did not observe the arm’s length principle when agreeing on the transfer price. Additionally, Article 9 paragraph 2 OECD-MA expressly indicates that competent authorities shall consult each other, which ensures the appropriate corresponding adjustment with the state implementing the initial correction.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
9

Dahiya, Surbhi. "Decoding Business Dynamics: Comparative Analysis and Theoretical Implications". In Indian Media Giants, 906–51. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190132620.003.0009.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Decoding Business Dynamics: A Comparative Analysisand Theoretical Implications details a comparative analysis and decodes business dynamics of all the organizations under study, from various perspectives that serve the concerns of the book’s thematic approach. The print giants have been lined up sequentially, to be compared and contrasted upon essential parameters that seek to holistically recap the major aspects covered by the author. The bases for comparison range from the incipient genesis of these organizations to the current business models of growth followed by them. The author first begins by discussing the story behind how each newspaper was conceived. While those like Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express, and Dainik Jagran were born out of efforts steeped in the national freedom struggle, The Times of India originated to cater especially to the British business class. Further still, Dainik Bhaskar was an entity that only emerged after India won independence. Closely associated with each organization’s origin story is the strategic intent behind launching them, which is what the author compares next. Chronologically tracing the values upon which the foundation of each newspaper is built sheds light on the changing visions of the companies with time and market environments. In the same breath, the visionary leadership and changing ownership patterns of the mentioned organizations are elaborated upon, thereby crediting the developments in each paper’s lifeline to the astute personalities responsible for them. The manner in which the ownership history of any company affects its functions will be simultaneously examined. Since the strength of any newspaper is shaped by its editorial clout, the author enlists the legendary editors that brick-by-brick etched out an identity for each paper, and how their editorial policies weighed the respective organizations’ popularity among Indian audiences. Product development and diversification is essential to any product’s shelf life. This basis of comparison observes how each product, in this case, each particular newspaper, has committed itself to constant growth, by branching out into multiple editions and supplements across genres. Credit has also been given to the newspapers for the development of product layout, design, and consumer-centrism in their pages. Following the various product trajectories, the author continues on to discuss the broader aspect of the companies’ business development and diversification from print into multiple verticals like radio, television, digital, and marketing solutions. Enunciating this angle is key to realizing the gigantic status of these organizations, as emphasized in the title of the book. Under the umbrella of business strategy, the companies’ development pertaining to their various mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and strategic alliances is looked into, giving an insight into the necessity of collaborative relationships in the industry for survival. By then mapping the market expansion, geographical spread, regional penetration, and international footprints of each company, the author brings the reader back to on-the-ground realities pertaining to the Indian demographic, its acceptance of the products these organizations have given it, and the organizations’ mutual readiness to aggregate their own popularity by navigating these trends. The financial analysis of every organization is meant to reflect the consolidated sum of the success they have achieved, connoting the same through hard numbers for a clearer understanding. A review of the companies’ finances will also highlight the growing movement of mass media into commerciality, preparing the stage for the next point under question. An analysis of the business dynamics of growth strategies followed by each of these giants will proffer the reader a holistic understanding of the bedrock upon which the companies’ core policies lie. This will additionally reveal the companies’ management approach and simultaneously hint at the evolution of their strategic intents. Conclusively, the chapter also tracks the timeline of technological advancements in these organizations, giving weight to the procurement of print machinery and the potential the future holds in the wake of the technological revolution.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
10

Kucik, Jeff, e Sergio Puig. "The Appellate Body’s Judicial Pathway". In The Many Paths of Change in International Law, 249–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198877844.003.0011.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter looks at twenty years of practice of the global trade regime to illustrate the limits of change in international law. It is noted that, despite a strong norm to follow prior rulings, the World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body modified precedent regularly—especially in the face of past non-compliance. This finding has at least two implications for the framework proposed by Krisch and Yildiz. On the one hand, judicial change is limited by the receptors of legal change. These receptors (here, respondent governments) might express dissatisfaction by failing to comply, rendering courts’ decisions and proposed changes ineffective. On the other hand, adjudicators must also be strategic with respect to the changes enabled by their decisions. Importantly, the judicial pathway is conditioned by the ability of their decisions to result in compliance. A judiciary that prioritizes change over authority might see a backlash that renders them ineffective.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Atti di convegni sul tema "International Express Company"

1

"Deciding to Use Transportation Services Federal Express Company (Thailand)". In Summer 2024 International Conferences ProceedingsBack BHSSE-24, BBEMS-24, ASET-24, ACBEMS-24 & AHS2-24. Higher Education and Innovation Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/heaig16.ed0524436.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

Sun, Hui, Linjing Xiao e Qicai Liu. "Research and Programming of the Aviation Network of One Express Company". In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)135.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Liu, Shujuan, Hui Jin, Yanbiao Di e Bingshuai Chen. "Study on location of end distribution network of SF Express company". In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering (STCE 2023), a cura di Miroslava Mikusova. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3024063.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
4

Li, Hong-chang, e Xu-juan Kuang. "Study on cooperative strategy between express company and specialized transportation enterprise". In 2009 IEEE/INFORMS International Conference on Service Operations, Logistics and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2009.5203943.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
5

Liu, Yuhao, Hu Min e Qifan Hu. "Performance Evaluation of Core Competitiveness of Express Company Based on Customer Satisfaction Index". In International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management (ICLEM) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41139(387)353.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
6

Zhou, Mi, Xin-Bao Liu, Hao Qu e Feng Pei. "A Highway Express Passenger Transportation Company Evaluation System Based on the Evidential Reasoning Approach". In 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isecs.2009.58.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
7

Cheng-Liang Yang. "Using Genetic Algorithm for Better Route Arrangement a Case of Taiwan Pelican Express Company". In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2006.235068.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
8

Yang, Cheng-Liang, e Yu-Kun Chen. "Using Genetic Algorithm for Better Route Arrangement a Case of Taiwan Pelican Express Company". In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2006.329019.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
9

Yu, Zhongfu, e Jing He. "Analysis on the Motivation of Express Enterprises Backdoor Listing and the Road Choice Based on the Case Analysis of SF Company Taking over Ding Tai New Material Company". In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.180.

Testo completo
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
10

Guevara, Cesar, Raquel Lara Guevara e Diego Mauricio Bonilla Jurado. "Bricoleurs: Resilience in Improvised Work in a Publishing House". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001610.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
This study analyzes one of the issues that organizational psychology has dealt with in the last decade in a more exhaustive way: resilience is the result of having an optimistic nature as long as optimism does not distort the sense of reality. From a phenomenological perspective, publishing house Queyám was analyzed from the strategic part of the company, in this case a married couple that is in the presidency, as a sample the 6 employees were chosen in their different areas applying the focus group technique where the wife served Moderator of the structured interview with open questions of in vivo coding analyzing literal phrases that express the words used by the employees. It is discussed with the Nobel Prize in Physics Richard Feynman who became an expert in opening safes without knowing the combination, not only trying to find the mechanisms that allowed him to do so, but also collecting the psychological impressions of the people who used those safes or to find out how they chose the opening codes, finally this company has built resilience using improvisation as a fundamental capability
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "International Express Company"

1

Botros, Geerligs e Given. L52187 Decompression Response of High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines Under Rupture or Blowdown Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010394.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. found that Scandpower has software that is capable of predicting the transient response of a pipeline segment transporting either conventional or enriched dense phase natural gas mixtures when subjected to a controlled blow down or an uncontrolled rupture event. Consequently PRCI expressed a desire to pursue an experimental work to provide the basis for evaluating the adequacy of the existing software and/or define further development if any. NOVA Research and Technology Corporation (NRTC) was awarded a contract to perform the experimental work and compare results with prediction by the OLGA 2000 software. The existing NPS 2 stainless steel decompression tube test rig at TCPL Gas Dynamic Test Facility (GDTF) in Didsbury, Alberta, Canada, has been expanded specifically for this project. The initial length of 30 meters was extended to 172 meters in order to simulate a longer length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Two sets of tests were conducted: one to simulate pipeline rupture and another to simulate controlled blowdown. Rupture was simulated by a rupture disc located at one end of the tube, while blowdown was affected by a typical blowdown stack and a reduce-bore ball valve. The test scope included three gas mixtures (conventional, medium rich and rich) and three initial pressures: 10, 14 and 20 MPa.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
2

Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, novembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
3

Lewis, Dustin, e Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri
Offriamo sconti su tutti i piani premium per gli autori le cui opere sono incluse in raccolte letterarie tematiche. Contattaci per ottenere un codice promozionale unico!

Vai alla bibliografia