Tesi: "Interference"

1

Tichy, Malte Christopher [Verfasser], e Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchleitner. "Entanglement and interference of identical particles = Verschränkung und Interferenz ununterscheidbarer Teilchen". Freiburg : Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1123461104/34.

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2

Rahman, Md Jahidur. "Interference mitigation and alignment for interference-limited communication systems". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64173.

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With limited availability of the communication spectrum and ever-increasing demands for high-data-rate services, it is natural to reuse the same time-frequency resource to the greatest degree possible. Depending on the nature of transmission and reception of the users, this leads to different instances of interference, e.g., inter-user interference in an interference network and self-interference in a Full-Duplex (FD) transmission. With a goal to mitigate such interference, in this thesis we investigate emerging interference-limited communication systems, such as FD, Device-to-Device (D2D), and Power Line Communication (PLC). To this end, we propose advanced solutions, namely self-interference mitigation and Interference Alignment (IA). With an objective to reduce the power consumption, we study transceiver design for FD multi-cell Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS). Considering realistic self-interference models and robustness against Channel State Information (CSI) uncertainty, our numerical results reveal transmission scenarios and design parameters for which replacing half-duplex with FD systems is beneficial in terms of power minimization. If the system is not power constrained, however, a natural objective is to optimize the total throughput given a power budget. Nonetheless, throughput maximization underserves the users that experience poor channels, which leads to QoS unfairness. Therefore, we propose a fair transceiver design for FD multi-cell MIMO systems, which can be implemented in a distributed manner. We further extend our design to enforce robustness against CSI uncertainty. As a second contribution within this design theme, the concept of robust fair transceiver design is also extended for D2D communications, where unlike the self-interference in FD transmission, the users suffer from strong inter-user interference. Recognizing that simultaneous multiple connections in PLC contribute to (interuser) interference-limited communication, we introduce IA techniques for PLC networks, for which the results confirm a significant sum-rate improvement. To overcome the implementation burden of CSI availability for IA techniques, we then study Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) for PLC X-network, and show that the characteristics of the PLC channel thwart simple implementation of this technique via impedance modulation. We therefore resort to a transmission scheme with multiple receiving ports, which can achieve the maximum multiplexing gain for this network.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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3

Farhadi, Hamed. "Interference alignment and power control for wireless interference networks". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102118.

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This thesis deals with the design of efficient transmission schemes forwireless interference networks, when certain channel state information(CSI) is available at the terminals.In wireless interference networks multiple source-destination pairsshare the same transmission medium for the communications. The signalreception at each destination is affected by the interference from unintendedsources. This may lead to a competitive situation that each sourcetries to compensate the negative effect of interference at its desired destinationby increasing its transmission power, while it in fact increasesthe interference to the other destinations. Ignoring this dependency maycause a significant waste of available radio resource. Since the transmissiondesign for each user is interrelated to the other users’ strategies, anefficient radio resource allocation should be jointly performed consideringall the source-destination pairs. This may require a certain amount ofCSI to be exchanged, e.g. through feedback channels, among differentterminals. In this thesis, we investigate such joint transmission designand resource allocation in wireless interference networks.We first consider the smallest interference network with two sourcedestinationpairs. Each source intends to communicate with its dedicateddestination with a fixed transmission rate. All terminals have the perfectglobal CSI. The power control seeks feasible solutions that properly assigntransmission power to each source in order to guarantee the successfulcommunications of both source-destination pairs. To avoid interference,the transmissions of the two sources can be orthogonalized. They canalso be activated non-orthogonally. In this case, each destination maydirectly decode its desired signals by treating the interference signals asnoise. It may also perform decoding of its desired signals after decodingand subtracting the interference signals sent from the unintendedsources. The non-orthogonal transmission can more efficiently utilize the available channel such that the power control problem has solutions withsmaller transmission power in comparison with the orthogonal transmission.However, due to the randomness of fading effects, feasible powercontrol solutions may not always exist. We quantify the probability thatthe power control problem has feasible solutions, under a Rayleigh fadingenvironment. A hybrid transmission strategy that combines the orthogonaland non-orthogonal transmissions is then employed to use the smallesttransmission power to guarantee the communications in the consideredtwo-user interference network.The network model is further extended to the general K-user interferencenetwork, which is far more complicated than the two-user case. Thecommunication is conducted in a time-varying fading environment. Thefeedback channel’s capacity is limited so that each terminal can obtainonly quantized global CSI. Conventional interference management techniquestend to orthogonalize the transmissions of the sources. However,we permit them to transmit non-orthogonally and apply an interferencealignment scheme to tackle inter-user interference. Ideally, the interferencealignment concept coordinates the transmissions of the sources insuch a way that at each destination the interference signals from differentunintended sources are aligned together in the same sub-space which isdistinguishable from the sub-space for its desired signals. Hence, eachdestination can cancel the interference signals before performing decoding.Nevertheless, due to the imperfect channel knowledge, the interferencecannot be completely eliminated and thus causes difficulties to theinformation recovery process. We study efficient resource allocation intwo different classes of systems. In the first class, each source desires tosend information to its destination with a fixed data rate. The powercontrol problem tends to find the smallest transmission powers to guaranteesuccessful communications between all the source-destination pairs.In another class of systems where the transmission power of each sourceis fixed, a rate adaptation problem seeks the maximum sum throughputthat the network can support. In both cases, the combination of interferencealignment and efficient resource allocation provides substantialperformance enhancement over the conventional orthogonal transmissionscheme.When the fading environment is time-invariant, interference alignmentcan still be realized if each terminal is equipped with multiple antennas.With perfect global CSI at all terminals, the interference signalscan be aligned in the spatial dimension. If each terminal has only localCSI, which refers to the knowledge of channels directly related to the terminal itself, an iterative algorithm can be applied to calculate thenecessary transmitter-side beamformers and receiver-side filters to properlyalign and cancel interference, respectively. Again, due to the lack ofperfect global CSI, it is difficult to completely eliminate the interferenceat each destination. We study the power control problem in this caseto calculate the minimum required power that guarantees each source tosuccessfully communicate with its destination with a fixed transmissionrate. In particular, since only local CSI is available at each terminal, wepropose an iterative algorithm that solves the joint power control andinterference alignment design in a distributed fashion. Our results showthat a substantial performance gain in terms of required transmissionpower over the orthogonalizing the transmissions of different sources canbe obtained.

QC 20120912

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4

Foutekova, Ellina P. "Interference mitigation and interference avoidance for cellular OFDMA-TDD networks". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3810.

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In recent years, cellular systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access – time division duplex (OFDMA-TDD) have gained considerable popularity. Two of the major reasons for this are, on the one hand, that OFDMA enables the receiver to effectively cope with multipath propagation while keeping the complexity low. On the other hand, TDD offers efficient support for cell-specific uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) asymmetry demands by allowing each cell to independently set its UL/DL switching point (SP). However, cell-independent SP gives rise to crossed slots. In particular, crossed slots arise when neighbouring cells use the same slot in opposing link directions, resulting in base station (BS)-to-BS interference and mobile station (MS)-to-MS interference. BS-to-BS interference, in particular, can be quite detrimental due to the exposed location of BSs, which leads to high probability of line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. The aim of this thesis is to address the BS-to-BS interference problem in OFDMA-TDDcellular networks. A simulation-based approach is used to demonstrate the severity of BS-to-BS interference and a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) equation for OFDMA is formulated to aid system performance analysis. The detrimental effects of crossed slot interference in OFDMA-TDD cellular networks are highlighted by comparing methods specifically targeting the crossed slots interference problem. In particular, the interference avoidance method fixed slot allocation (FSA) is compared against state of the art interference mitigation approaches, viz: random time slot opposing (RTSO) and zone division (ZD). The comparison is done based on Monte Carlo simulations and the main comparison metric is spectral efficiency calculated using the SINR equation formulated in this thesis. The simulation results demonstrate that when LOS conditions among BSs are present, both RTSO and ZD perform worse than FSA for all considered performance metrics. It is concluded from the results that current interference mitigation techniques do not offer an effective solution to the BS-to-BS interference problem. Hence, new interference avoidance methods, which unlike FSA, do not sacrifice the advantages of TDD are open research issues addressed in this thesis. The major contribution of this thesis is a novel cooperative resource balancing technique that offers a solution to the crossed slot problem. The novel concept, termed asymmetry balancing, is targeted towards next-generation cellular systems, envisaged to have ad hoc and multi-hop capabilities. Asymmetry balancing completely avoids crossed slots by keeping the TDD SPs synchronised among BSs. At the same time, the advantages of TDD are retained, which is enabled by introducing cooperation among the entities in the network. If a cell faces resource shortage in one link direction, while having free resources in the opposite link direction, the free resources can be used to support the overloaded link direction. In particular, traffic can be offloaded to near-by mobile stations at neighbouring cells that have available resources. To model the gains attained with asymmetry balancing, a mathematical framework is developed which is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, asymmetry balancing is compared against both ZD and FSA based on simulations and the results demonstrate the superior performance of asymmetry balancing. It can be concluded that the novel interference avoidance approach is a very promising candidate to.

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5

Estela, Zamora Maria Constanza. "Interference management for interference channels : performance improvement and lattice techniques". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24678.

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This thesis focuses on interference management methods for interference channels, in particular on interference alignment. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of issues such as the performance of the interference alignment scheme and lattice codes for interference channels. Interference alignment is studied from two perspectives. One is the signal space perspective where precoding methods are designed to align the interference in half of the received subspace. Cadambe and Jafar found precoding matrices to achieve the theoretical degrees of freedom. However, using an interference suppression technique over the Cadambe and Jafar scheme, yields poor performance. Thus, in this thesis precoding methods such as singular value decomposition and Tomlinson-Harashima precoding are proposed to improve performance. The second perspective is on the signal scale, where structured codes are used to align interference. For this, lattice codes are suitable. In this research, the problem was initially approached with a many-to-one interference channel. Using lattices, joint maximum-likelihood decoding of the desired signal and the sum of the interference signals is used, and the union bound of the error probability for user 1 is derived, in terms of the theta series. Later, a symmetric interference channel is studied. Jafar built a scheme for every level of interference, where interference was aligned and could be cancelled. In this thesis, Barnes-Wall lattices are used since they have a similar structure to the scheme proposed by Jafar, and it is shown to be possible to improve the performance of the technique using codes constructed with Barnes-Wall lattices. Finally, previous work has found the generalized degrees of freedom for a two-user symmetric interference channel using random codes. Here, we obtain the generalized degrees of freedom for that channel setting using lattice Gaussian distribution.

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6

Campbell, Robert John. "Nonlinear interference filters". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/989.

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7

Kulík, Jindřich. "Elektromagnetická interference kardiostimulátorů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217723.

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This thesis deals with electromagnetic compatibility of implantable electro-medical devices using in cardiology. The main aim of this thesis is detection of the resistance of implantable pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) to the electromagnetic interference. In the first part of this thesis, a function of the heart, which is necessary for understanding of PM and ICD operation, is described. The function and construction of PM and ICD is detailed in the theoretical part as well. The next part is focused on the electromagnetic compatibility. The next part is description of the measurement method and the experimental arrangement used for practical experiments with electromagnetic resistance of PM and ICD.

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8

Lau, Ka-po Natalie. "Semantic interference of Chinese words in the picture-word interference task /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36846181.

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9

Lau, Ka-po Natalie, e 劉家寶. "Semantic interference of Chinese words in the picture-word interference task". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007597.

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10

VASSY, LOUIS PETERSON. "OPTIMIZATION OF DEVICE PERFORMANCE IN 1x2 SYMMETRIC INTERFERENCE MULTIMODE INTERFERENCE DEVICES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053359061.

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11

Vassy, Louis P. "Optimization of device performance in 1x2 symmetric interference mulitmode interference devices". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1053359061.

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12

Rynn, Sarah. "Reprocessing interference : an artistic exploration of the visual material generated by interference". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8199.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47).
My body of work is concerned with the constructed promise of telecommunication - that is, the promise to connect people all over the world via telephone lines, computer networks and, most recently, satellite signals. The development of and access to networked systems has brought about this "utopian promise" (Mitchell 2005: 305), an ideal of instant connectivity that allows a user to be in contact with others through technological devices over vast distances. Connectivity supposedly enables users to develop and sustain relationships on the Internet. However, the question arises whether telecommunication technologies are living up to their promise. My title, Reprocessing Inte/ference: An artistic exploration of the visual material generated by inte/terence, refers to the concepts pertaining to this promise and also to the failure of the promise, focusing on the notions of distance and interference. It further encapsulates my working method, a process of degrading and filtering both my own and found footage.

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13

Thapar, Anjali. "The reverse-interference effect: A reexamination of the interference theory of forgetting". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057689212.

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14

Erdem, Ozden. "Chaotic Demodulation Under Interference". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607690/index.pdf.

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Chaotically modulated signals are used in various engineering areas such as communication systems, signal processing applications, automatic control systems. Because chaotically modulated signal sequences are broadband and noise-like signals, they are used to carry binary signals especially in secure communication systems. In this thesis, a target tracking problem under interference at chaotic communication systems is investigated. Simulating the chaotic communication system, noise-like signal sequences are generated to carry binary signals. These signal sequences are affected by Gaussian channel noise and interference while passing through the communication channel. At the receiver side, target tracking is performed using Optimum Decoding Based Smoothing Algorithm. The estimation performances of optimum decoding based smoothing algorithm at one dimensional chaotic systems and nonlinear chaotic algorithm map are presented and compared with the performance of the Extended Kalman Filter application.

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15

Schultes, Stephan. "Nanoparticles for RNA Interference". Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-113293.

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16

MacLeod, Leesa Marie. "Electromagnetic interference stress testing". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41465.pdf.

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17

Camp, Gino. "Forgetting: inhibition or interference?" Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit ; Erasmus University [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/8200.

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18

Shah, Samit Friedman Simon H. "Light activated RNA interference". Diss., UMK access, 2007.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007.
"A dissertation in pharmaceutical science and chemistry." Advisor: Simon H. Friedman. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-220). Online version of the print edition.

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19

Shokri, Razaghi Hazhir. "Study of Interference Alignment". Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120502.

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The concept of interference alignment has recently become one of the importanttools to analyze the capacity of many multiuser communication networks,e.g. K-user interference channel, wireless X networks, multi hop interferencenetworks, etc. The idea is to consolidate the interference into smallerdimensions of signal space at each receiver and use the remaining dimensionsto transmit the desired signals. Furthermore, most progress in understandingof the wireless networks capacity has been made on the single hop schemes andmulti-hop multi-cast networks. However, there has not been as much progressin multi-hop multi-flow networks where all messages are not required by alldestination nodes. One of the basic problems in this area, is the capacity of2 × 2 × 2 interference channel. It is proved that the upper bound value of 2degrees of freedom (DoF) for this channel can be achieved using the so called“aligned interference neutralization” method.In the proposed interference alignment schemes for network problems whichwe mentioned in the above, including 2 × 2 × 2 interference channel, there aresome theoretical assumptions which seem to be difficult to apply in practice,e.g. high transmit power, asymptotic symbol extension of the channel, globaland perfect channel state information (CSI), etc. Among these assumptionsthe availability of CSI specially at transmitter, is crucial for performing theinterference alignment technique. The CSI at transmitter (CSIT) is usuallyavailable through feedback from receiver and it is used to estimate the currentchannel state, given that the channel coherence-time is long enough. However,it has been shown recently that the delayed CSIT, which is assumed to be independentof current channel state, still can be used to increase DoF of somespecific network settings.In this work, we consider the 2 × 2 × 2 interference channel where twosource nodes communicate with corresponding destination nodes via two relaynodes. We investigated the degrees of freedom of 2×2×2 interference channelwith delayed CSIT and we derived the upper bound on the degrees of freedomof the channel under this condition. Furthermore, we showed that this upperbound can be achieved using interference alignment technique. We also showedthat this completely out-of-date information of the channel can still be usefulto achieve higher rate compared to the situation where no CSIT is availableat the source nodes. Moreover, we observed that using relay nodes in interferencechannel can improve DoF compared to one hop interference channelwhere transmitters and receivers directly communicate with each other.

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Hatzigeorgiadis, Antonis. "Cognitive interference in sport". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7212.

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The present investigation examined the role of cognitive interference in sport. In Study 1 an instrument to assess intrusive thoughts athletes experience during performance was developed (Thought Occurrence Questionnaire for Sport; TOQS). In the first part of the study, which involved modification of an instrument constructed in educational settings, three types of thoughts were identified. These were 'performance worries', 'situation irrelevant thoughts' and 'thoughts of escape'. In the second part of the study, which involved validation of the modified instrument, support for the psychometric properties of the TOQS was provided through tests of convergent, concurrent and discriminant validity. Study 2 examined situational antecedents of cognitive interference. Discrepancies between expected and actual performance was identified as the best predictor of cognitive interference athletes experience, whereas cognitive anxiety was found moderately related to cognitive interference. Finally, it was found that athletes experiencing their anxiety states as facilitative reported less cognitive interference than athletes experiencing their anxiety states as debilitative. Study 3 investigated possible effects cognitive interference has on aspects of sport performance based on athletes' perceptions. Participants reported cognitive interference to be detrimental to their concentration. Furthermore, it was revealed that different types of thoughts influence effort input in different ways. The relationship between 'performance worries' and subsequent effort depended on goal attainment expectancies. Athletes holding higher expectancies reported that their worries resulted in increased effort, whereas athletes holding lower expectancies reported their worries to result in decreased effort. 'Situation irrelevant thoughts' were reported not to have any effects on subsequent effort, while 'thoughts of escape' were associated with decreases in effort. Finally, Study 4 examined relationships between achievement goal orientations and cognitive interference. A negative relationship between task orientation and thoughts of escape was the only strong and consistent association that emerged. Goal profiles analysis revealed that, in contrast to athletes holding self-referenced goals, for those holding comparative goals outcome is an important determinant of withdrawal thoughts. The results of the present investigation are discussed in relation to findings in educational and sport settings, and a conceptual model regarding the role of cognitive interference in sport is proposed. Overall, cognitive interference is identified as a topic which requires further examination in the sport psychology domain.

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21

Haq, Z. U. "Hypersonic vehicle interference heating". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336171.

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22

Konpang, Jessada. "Microwave interference cancellation system". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20546/.

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A microwave interference cancellation system is presented in this thesis. The technique achieves high Tx/Rx isolation with relatively low degree filters. A four-port diplexer consists of two back-to-back three-port diplexers combined with a 180° phase shift in one branch. High signal isolation between Tx and Rx module is achievable by only using second-order filter topology and the design technique is based on amplitude and phase cancellation between two diplexer branches of the four-port diplexer. Three and four-port networks are intensively analysed and synthesised for solving S-parameter equations. The four-port diplexer exploits the microstrip open-loop structure. A four-port microstrip diplexer for RF interference rejection is presented in IMT-2000 applications whereas device miniaturisation and low infrastructure cost are required. The microstrip-open loop structure with coupled-feed and tapped-feed are designed for alternative techniques and cost reduction. A 180° phase shift in one branch can be achieved by delayed transmission line. The simulated microstrip four-port network is designed at the centre frequency of Tx/Rx at 1.95 GHz and 2.14 GHz, respectively. An alternative technology to reduce overall signal losses and increase power handling with the same or better isolation compared to the four-port microstrip technology is four-port combline coaxial resonator structures. To achieve filter design with a 180° different phase shift, the positive (90° inverter) and negative (-90° inverter) coupled filters are required. The design frequencies of the four-port combline diplexer are 1.73 GHz and 2.13 GHz for Rx and Tx modules, respectively. Two different designs of four-port diplexer prototypes, based on filter designs with similar and dissimilar Q-factors, are fabricated and measured to verify the new design technique. Finally, microwave interference cancellation techniques can be used in wireless communication systems where small size, low losses and low complexity are required.

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Aslund, Mattas L. "Bragg grating interference devices". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28157.

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This thesis is about novel components designed to enable low-cost optical fiber networks. These networks constitute the global backbone of the in— ternet and all other telecommunication. However, the available technologies are much to expensive to be considered for home-users, so the optical fiber networks only reach as far as the substations half—way to the home—user. Op— tical fiber networks all the way to the home—users is potentially an immense market, and there is a large interest from the industry in novel enabling technologies.

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Skoog, Petra. "Native Language Interference : A study of interference patterns in Swedish students' English writing". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-418.

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Abstract

Titel: Native Language Interference: A study of interference patterns in Swedish students’ English writing.

Författare: Skoog, Petra

Engelska C, 2006

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to find out if there are any patterns of native language interference in Swedish students’ written English. Extensive research has been carried out in the area of native language influence on the target language and a large number of terms are used when the influence of the native language is discussed, including contrastive analysis and positive and negative transfer. These are described in the theoretical background section of this study. The material for the empirical investigation was collected from students in year eight at a secondary school. They were given a task consisting in free essay writing, so that a general picture of interference problems would emerge. 42 essays were handed in, containing about 201 interference errors. The total number of non-interference errors found in the students’ essays was 1115 and this suggests that interference errors are not especially common among the students in my investigation. The errors committed due to interference mainly concerned the use of prepositions. One conclusion that can be drawn from this investigation is that it is very difficult to determine the source of errors and separate between errors in general and interference errors.

Nyckelord: Foreign language learning, native language influence, errors, interference.

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Sahin, Alphan. "Towards Interference-Immune and Channel-Aware Multicarrier Schemes: Filters, Lattices, and Interference Issues". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4936.

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In this dissertation, multicarrier schemes are reviewed within the framework of Gabor Systems. Their fundamental elements; what to transmit, i.e., symbols, how to transmit, i.e., filters or pulse shape, and where/when to transmit, i.e., lattices are investigated extensively. The relations between different types of multicarrier schemes are discussed. Within the framework of Gabor systems, a new windowing approach, edge windowing, is developed to address the out-of-band (OOB) radiation problem of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based multicarrier schemes. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the diversity on the range of the users is exploited to suppress the sidelobes of OFDM. In addition to that, the concept of using different filters in OFDM structure is proposed. Besides the improvement on the OOB radiation performance of OFDM via edge windowing, conventional lattice structure of OFDM frame is enhanced considering the diversity in the network. The lattice structure of an OFDM frame is designed based on the statistical characteristics of the range of the users and the mobility. The concept of channel-aware frame structure is developed, which allows more efficient and reliable transmission. In addition to the aforementioned improvements on OFDM, interference issues in uncoordinated networks are addressed in this dissertation considering different multicarrier schemes. It is stressed that the interference from other links in the network sharing the same spectrum might degrade the link performance between the devices in an uncoordinated network, significantly. Considering the degradation due to other-user interference, the concept of partially overlapping tones (POT) is proposed. With the concept of partially overlapping tones, the interference energy observed at the victim receiver is mitigated via an intentional frequency offset between the links. The usefulness of intentional frequency offset to combat with the asynchronous nature of other-user interference without any timing constraint between interfering signals is emphasized. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the efficacy of non-orthogonal schemes are shown along with POT to address the other-user interference, which relies on the fact that self-interference problem is easier than other-user interference problem in an uncoordinated network. In the last part of this dissertation, required number of equalizer taps for multicarrier schemes is investigated to address the potential self-interference problems (e.g. due to the non-orthogonal multicarrier schemes with the concept of POT). Composite impact of transmit pulse shape, communication medium, and receive filter on the characteristics of the interference among the symbols in time and frequency is analyzed. It is emphasized that while taking less number of taps into account for the channel estimation causes lack of description of the composite effect, using more number of taps folds the noise into the estimated channel. The number of interfering symbols and their locations are obtained in both time and frequency for a given multicarrier scheme and signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown that correct number of taps yields not only improvement on BER performance but also less complex equalizer structures in practice.

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Frankland, Burgu Sorgunlu. "Electron interference in the collision He2+ + H2 : A complete analogy with photon interference". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2002.

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Le phénomène d’interférences obtenu suite à une collision entre un projectile He2+ de basse énergie et une cible H2 a été étudié expérimentalement et théoriquement. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à un récapitulatif historique sur les expériences d’interférences avec les électrons. L’expérience réalisée par notre groupe et les premiers résultats obtenus sont rappelés. Une analyse plus approfondie des résultats expérimentaux mettant en évidence la possibilité d’étendre l’analogie entre les interférences électroniques et photoniques est présentée. Une nouvelle expérience d’interférences photoniques réalisée montre clairement que des oscillations observées dans les distributions angulaires ont des origines multiples : la largeur et la position maximum de la distribution de longueur d’onde. Deux modèles susceptibles de reproduire les résultats expérimentaux sont considérés. Le modèle le plus simplifié basé sur la différence de marche entre les chemins pris par l’électron pour aller jusqu’au détecteur est d’abord présenté. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de ce modèle sont en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Un second modèle, basé sur la mécanique quantique, ne reproduit pas les résultats expérimentaux. La raison de cet échec et les limites de ce modèle sont explicitées. Les perspectives expérimentales et théoriques qui permettront de mieux comprendre le phénomène d’interférences électroniques sont détaillées dans la conclusion
The phenomenon of interference obtained following a collision between a projectile He2 + low energy and a target H2 has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The first part of the thesis is devoted to a historical summary of the interference experiments with electrons. The experiment carried out by our group and its first results are recalled. Further analysis of experimental results is presented, demonstrating the possibility of extending the analogy between electronic and photonic interference. A new experiment performed on photon interferences clearly shows that the oscillations observed in the angular distributions have multiple origins: the width and the position of the maximum in the wavelength distribution. Two models are considered in order to reproduce the experimental results. The most simplified model based on the phase-shift between different paths taken by the electron to reach the detector is first presented. The results obtained in the framework of this model are in agreement with the experimental results. A second model, based on quantum mechanics, does not reproduce the experimental results. The reason for this failure and the limits of this model are explained. The experimental and theoretical perspectives that will allow a better understanding of the phenomenon of electron interferences are detailed in the conclusion

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27

Sanghvi, Hari Galen. "Cognitive interference in social interaction : development and validation of the social interference questionnaire /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9110.

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28

Rud, Erling William. "Defective interfering particles and viral interference: A model for the mechanism of heterotypic interference". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5869.

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29

Wang, Xufang. "Interference cancellation in impulse radio". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31459365.

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30

Tsegaye, Tedros. "Quantum interference, complementarity and entanglement". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electronic Systems Design, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3004.

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31

Kim, Kihong. "Interference Mitigation in Wireless Communications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7647.

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The primary objective of this thesis is to design advanced interference resilient schemes for asynchronous slow frequency hopping wireless personal area networks (FH-WPAN) and time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular systems in interference dominant environments. We also propose an interference-resilient power allocation method for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. For asynchronous FH-WPANs in the presence of frequent packet collisions, we propose a single antenna interference canceling dual decision feedback (IC-DDF) receiver based on joint maximum likelihood (ML) detection and recursive least squares (RLS) channel estimation. For the system level performance evaluation, we propose a novel geometric method that combines bit error rate (BER) and the spatial distribution of the traffic load of CCI for the computation of packet error rate (PER). We also derived the probabilities of packet collision in multiple asynchronous FH-WPANs with uniform and nonuniform traffic patterns. For the design of TDMA receivers resilient to CCI in frequency selective channels, we propose a soft output joint detection interference rejection combining delayed decision feedback sequence estimation (JD IRC-DDFSE) scheme. In the proposed scheme, IRC suppresses the CCI, while DDFSE equalizes ISI with reduced complexity. Also, the soft outputs are generated from IRC-DDFSE decision metric to improve the performance of iterative or non-iterative type soft-input outer code decoders. For the design of interference resilient power allocation scheme in MIMO systems, we investigate an adaptive power allocation method using subset antenna transmission (SAT) techniques. Motivated by the observation of capacity imbalance among the multiple parallel sub-channels, the SAT method achieves high spectral efficiency by allocating power on a selected transmit antenna subset. For 4 x 4 V-BLAST MIMO systems, the proposed scheme with SAT showed analogous results. Adaptive modulation schemes combined with the proposed method increase the capacity gains. From a feasibility viewpoint, the proposed method is a practical solution to CCI-limited MIMO systems since it does not require the channel state information (CSI) of CCI.

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32

Adamu, Tigist Atnafseged. "Electromagnetic Interference in Dwnhole Applications". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19394.

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SummaryElectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are topics which have been of concern to electrical industry for many years. Excessive generation of electromagnetic noise and interference, resulting inadequate EMC, is one potential source of interaction and performance degradation which may reduce operational effectiveness of the devices. Because of this, EMC testing services and regulation imposed by governments have forced product designer to pay close attention electromagnetic interference level of their products.For improving oil and gas production recovery, from mature fields and for exploitation of deep and ultra-deep offshore reservoirs new downhole technologies are required. Electrification of downhole applications has proven to be very promising and the technologies are designed for deployment in harsh environments. This master thesis deals with the study of EMI problems for downhole drive train system especially caused by EMI phenomena. The two aspects of EMI and EMC are studied, the manner in which how EMI can generate and propagate then affect receptor or victim intentionally and unintentionally are discussed. Followed by types of EMI phenomena (voltage dip, electrostatic discharge (ESD), surge, fast transient and rapid voltage change (dv/dt)) their occurrence and adverse effects of them are studied. dv/dt, overvoltage and EMI filter types are studied and designed. Compressions are made by their performance, size, power loss and cost. To verify their performance simulation model are made for downhole drive system to filter dv/dt and overvoltage at the motor terminals.After having the theoretical base, practical pre-compliance conducted EMI measurements are made for single phase chopper and three phase inverter.The influence of EMI such as reverse recovery current of diode, stray or leakage inductance, gate drive resistance, heat sink grounding, duty cycle and switching frequency are investigated on the single phase chopper. An LfCf harmonic filter is designed and placed between the inverter and motor terminals and differential mode EMI noise is measured in the system.

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33

Peddle, Janice Michelle. "Reducing retroactive interference through recoding". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ54947.pdf.

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34

Vahl, Wouter Karsten. "Interference competition among foraging waders". [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297672886.

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35

Smith, William Whitfield Jr. "A satellite interference location system". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16879.

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36

Xue, Xuan. "Polymers for quorum sense interference". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13060/.

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The synthetic polymers reported in this thesis are able to bind the small molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) in the Quorum Sense (QS) pathways of the marine organism with high affinity, and some of the polymers are also able to sequester rapidly the same bacteria from suspension. Specifically, the Alizarin Red S (AR-S) assay was used to compare binding interactions of boric and boronic acid with diol species, and interactions were further probed by 11B-NMR spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. Dopamine was considered as a potential AI-2 scavenger for polymeric QS control owing to the high binding affinities for boron. Therefore, poly{N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl) methacrylamide-co-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide} [p(DMAm-c-DMAPMAm)] and poly(3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine methacrylamide) [p(L-DMAm)] were prepared via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The activities of these catechol polymers and carbohydrate-based poly(β-D-glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate) (p(GlcEMA)) in QS interference was demonstrated by bioluminescence assays with the Vibrio harveyi MM32 strain and by bacterial aggregation experiments. Polymersomes were then investigated as artificial protocells, with a view to establishing polymer vesicle containers as both reservoirs of QS mediated molecules, and of binding QS agents and bacteria. Hydrophobic monomers N-(2-Ethylhexyl) acrylamide [p(2-EHAm)] and N-phenylacrylamide [p(PAm)] were therefore polymerized into block copolymers from p(L-DMAm)-RAFT agents. The membrane permeability of polymersomes was measured via encapsulation and release of dyes, while the morphologies were examined with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Polymersomes were also investigated for potency in QS quenching via the bioluminescence assay and bacterial aggregation experiments. Initial studies of a communication feedback loop between bacteria and polymersome-encapsulated QS agents were performed again via bioluminescence assays. The results reveal that the investigated polymersomes exhibit potent activities in QS quenching, and further development might act as components of a synthetic biology approach to combating microbial pathogenicity.

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37

Tariq, Faisal. "Interference aware cognitive femtocell networks". Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/37461/.

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Femtocells Access Points (FAP) are low power, plug and play home base stations which are designed to extend the cellular radio range in indoor environments where macrocell coverage is generally poor. They offer significant increases in data rates over a short range, enabling high speed wireless and mobile broadband services, with the femtocell network overlaid onto the macrocell in a dual-tier arrangement. In contrast to conventional cellular systems which are well planned, FAP are arbitrarily installed by the end users and this can create harmful interference to both collocated femtocell and macrocell users. The interference becomes particularly serious in high FAP density scenarios and compromises the ensuing data rate. Consequently, effective management of both cross and co-tier interference is a major design challenge in dual-tier networks. Since traditional radio resource management techniques and architectures for single-tier systems are either not applicable or operate inefficiently, innovative dual-tier approaches to intelligently manage interference are required. This thesis presents a number of original contributions to fulfill this objective including, a new hybrid cross-tier spectrum sharing model which builds upon an existing fractional frequency reuse technique to ensure minimal impact on the macro-tier resource allocation. A new flexible and adaptive virtual clustering framework is then formulated to alleviate co-tier interference in high FAP densities situations and finally, an intelligent coverage extension algorithm is developed to mitigate excessive femto-macrocell handovers, while upholding the required quality of service provision. This thesis contends that to exploit the undoubted potential of dual-tier, macro-femtocell architectures an interference awareness solution is necessary. Rigorous evidence confirms that noteworthy performance improvements can be achieved in the quality of the received signal and throughput by applying cognitive methods to manage interference.

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38

Lu, Hung Yen Kevin. "Parametric interference under model misspecification". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530457.

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39

Wang, Xufang, e 王徐芳. "Interference cancellation in impulse radio". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31459365.

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40

Haghnegahdar, Alireza. "Interference in wireless mobile networks". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46713.

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Given a set of positions for wireless nodes, the interference minimization problem is to assign a transmission radius (i.e., a power level) to each node such that the resulting communication graph is connected, while minimizing the maximum (respectively, average) interference. We consider the model introduced by von Rickenbach et al. (2005), in which each wireless node is represented by a point in Euclidean space on which is centered a transmis- sion range represented by a ball, and edges in the corresponding graph are symmetric. The problem is NP-complete in two or more dimensions (Buchin 2008) and no polynomial-time approximation algorithm is known. We show how to solve the problem efficiently in settings typical for wireless ad hoc networks. We show that if node positions are represented by a set P of n points selected uniformly and independently at random over a d-dimensional region, then the topology given by the closure of the Euclidean minimum spanning tree of P has O(log n) maximum interference, O(1) average inter- ference with high probability and O(1) expected average interference. This work is the first to examine average interference in random settings. We extend the first bound to a general class of communication graphs over a broad set of probability distributions. We present a local algorithm that constructs a graph from this class; this is the first local algorithm to provide an upper bound on expected maximum interference. To verify our results, we perform an empirical evaluation using synthetic as well as real world node placements.

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41

Krishnamurthy, Sundar Rajan. "Interference Alignment| Beyond Generic Channels". Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646739.

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Capacity characterization of communication networks is the most fundamental problem in Information Theory, that underlies the design of various wireless and wired networks. The radical idea of "Interference alignment" has enabled Capacity or Degrees of Freedom characterization (DoF, a first order approximation) for many interference networks. Various alignment schemes developed have provided new and fundamental insights into the number of accessible signal dimensions in communication networks where the output signals are linear functions of the input signals. Most of the prior art deal with generic channels wherein the channel coefficients are assumed to be independent and drawn from a continuous distribution, continuous alphabet with infinite diversity, and the network is often single-hop. These assumptions are challenged due to the following reasons: 1) In MIMO systems, poor scattering environment and network topology lead to spatial dependencies that are manifested as rank deficient channels, 2) Multi-hop dependencies arise due to the presence of relays, and 3) Linear network coding applications (as in wired networks) act as finite field counterparts of wireless networks, with limited diversity.

In this thesis, Capacity / DoF of linear communication networks are characterized for "Non-generic channels". One of the significant problems considered is the DoF of the K-user MIMO rank deficient interference channel, with different ranks for the direct and the cross channels. For this rank deficient interference channel, it is shown that the rank deficiency of direct channels does not help DoF and the rank-deficiency of cross-channels does not hurt DoF. The main challenge is to account for the spatial dependencies introduced by rank deficiencies in the interference alignment schemes that typically rely on the independence of channel coefficients. Another interesting problem is the DoF of Two-hop MIMO rank deficient interference channel with different channel ranks in the first and the second hops, for which a rank-matching principle is identified reminiscent of impedance matching in circuit theory. For this channel, the DoF loss is shown to be the rank-mismatch between the two hops. Finally, capacity results for the finite field counterparts of wireless networks are presented, exploring the implications of channels being from a finite alphabet with limited diversity. By characterizing the capacity of constant finite field channels over F_pn for 2-user X channel and 3-user interference channel, interesting parallels are drawn between p and SNR, and n and Channel Diversity.

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42

Langton, Stephen R. H. "Interference between gestures and words". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11315/.

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This thesis explores the idea that a speaker's gestural and verbal behaviours are mutually influential in the comprehension process. A Stroop-type interference paradigm was adopted as a tool for investigating whether or not listeners process to-be-ignored gestural information and how this information influences the processing of spoken words. In Experiments 1-4, static pointing (deictic) gestures and corresponding spoken and written words showed symmetrical interference. Incongruent words slowed responses to gestures, and incongruent gestures slowed responses to words, compared with congruent arrangements. These findings support the idea that both pointing gestures and words are processed in comprehension. Furthermore, the results of Experiments 5-11 suggest that the mutual influence of the two dimensions is largely independent of specific stimulus-response compatibilities. Collectively, these findings are difficult to reconcile with models of Stroop interference which place the locus of the effect at response selection. Instead, they are more consistent with the position that the two sources of information interact at a semantic stage of processing. Arrows (Experiment 12) and spatially positioned dots (Experiment 13) also produced symmetrical interference effects when paired with spoken words, raising the possibility that it is the spatial nature of the pointing gestures which is important in influencing the comprehension of spoken words. In support of this suggestion, other non-spatial gestures such as emblems (Experiment 14), iconics (Experiment 15) and facial gestures (Experiment 16) did not interfere with responses to verbal material. However, symmetrical effects did return when subjects were asked to make affective judgements to either emotional words or schematic facial gestures (Experiment 17). The results are discussed with reference to research on the orienting of social attention, the stimulus-driven "capture" of attention, models of integration, and a processing framework which incorporates the notion of informational integration at "semantic" levels of processing.

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43

Hubbard, S. J. "The geometry of graphical interference". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379460.

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44

Gollakota, Shyamnath (Shyamnath Venkata Satyasrisai). "Embracing interference in wireless systems". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79213.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2013.
"February 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-183).
The wireless medium is a shared resource. If nearby devices transmit at the same time, their signals interfere, resulting in a collision. In traditional networks, collisions cause the loss of the transmitted information. For this reason, wireless networks have been designed with the assumption that interference is intrinsically harmful and must be avoided. This dissertation takes an alternate approach: Instead of viewing interference as an inherently counterproductive phenomenon that should to be avoided, we design practical systems that transform interference into a harmless, and even a beneficial phenomenon. To achieve this goal, we consider how wireless signals interact when they interfere, and use this understanding in our system designs. Specifically, when interference occurs, the signals get mixed on the wireless medium. By understanding the parameters of this mixing, we can invert the mixing and decode the interfered packets; thus, making interference harmless. Furthermore, we can control this mixing process to create strategic interference that allow decodability at a particular receiver of interest, but prevent decodability at unintended receivers and adversaries. Hence, we can transform interference into a beneficial phenomenon that provides security. Building on this approach, we make four main contributions: We present the first WiFi receiver that can successfully reconstruct the transmitted information in the presence of packet collisions. Next, we introduce a WiFi receiver design that can decode in the presence of high-power cross-technology interference from devices like baby monitors, cordless phones, microwave ovens, or even unknown technologies. We then show how we can harness interference to improve security. In particular, we develop the first system that secures an insecure medical implant without any modification to the implant itself. Finally, we present a solution that establishes secure connections between any two WiFi devices, without having users enter passwords or use pre-shared secret keys.
by Shyamnath Gollakota.
Ph.D.

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45

Schultz, Eric M. "Quantum interference spectroscopy with rubidium". Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4614.

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Master of Science
Department of Physics
Brett D. DePaola
A recent powerful spectroscopic technique that has been implemented using femtosecond lasers excites atoms or molecules through quantum interference effects. The results are oscillations in excited state populations that represent the optical frequencies used in the excitation pathway, these frequencies can be found by Fourier analysis. The technique uses a Mach-Zender interferometer wherein one femtosecond pulse is split into two pulses that are phase coherent. These pulses are the pump and probe pulses which are delayed with respect to one another by a variable time. During the delay between pulses the state excited by the first (pump) pulse evolves in time before the probe pulse is used to excite the atom into its final state. The observed final state population exhibits interference between the several possible pathways to the final state. The information gained from this method will allow for advances in other processes such as the dynamics of photo-association.

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46

Thesling, Bill. "Digital Cross-Polar Interference Canceller". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604302.

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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Dual-polarized data transmission promises to double the system capacity by transmitting independent signals simultaneously on both polarizations in the same channel. However, the polarization orthogonality of the propagation field can not always be perfectly preserved in various environments. Also the antenna and waveguide networks may not be able to achieve absolute polarization isolation. Therefore cross-polarization interference becomes a severe source of performance degradation in dual-polar systems. This paper presents an all-digital design of the cross-polarization interference canceller (XPIC or CPIC). This canceller is designed to remove the cross-polar interference so that comparable performance to single-polar system can be achieved for each polarization. Specifically, this digital design aims for • Mitigating the cross-polarization interference caused primarily by antenna orientation. (Delay between the signals from both polarizations is considered insignificant.) • Can operate with time varying cross-polar interference varying at rates of 2-3 Hz and beyond. • Initial isolation can be as low as 10 dB. • Is well suited to an all digital modem where clocking from the A/D is independent of symbol timing recovery clocks.

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47

Suckow, Katja. "Number interference in sentence processing". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3f5df486-ac0e-4dd4-993d-67030376600e.

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48

Liu, Zhonghao. "Interference Alignment through Propagation Delay". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703337/.

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With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demands for higher communication rates are increasing. Higher communication rate corresponds to higher DoF. Interference alignment, which is an emerging interference management technique, is able to substantially increase the DoF of wireless communication systems. This thesis mainly studies the delay-based interference alignment technique. The key problem lies in the design of the transmission scheme and the appropriate allocation of the propagation delay, so as to achieve the desired DoF of different wireless networks. In addition, through delay-based interference alignment, the achievability of extreme points of the DoF region of different wireless networks can be proved.

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49

Darby, Kevin Patrick. "Interference Effects and Memory Development". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491233945346347.

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50

Gaur, Sudhanshu. "Interference management in MIMO networks". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24769.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Mary Ann Ingram; Committee Member: Geoffrey Li; Committee Member: Gregory Durgin; Committee Member: Prasad Tetali; Committee Member: Raghupathy Sivakumar.

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