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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Interface membrane"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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1

SAMART, NUTTAPORN, JESSICA SAEGER, KENNETH J. HALLER, MANUEL AURELIANO e DEBBIE C. CRANS. "INTERACTION OF DECAVANADATE WITH INTERFACES AND BIOLOGICAL MODEL MEMBRANE SYSTEMS: CHARACTERIZATION OF SOFT OXOMETALATE SYSTEMS". Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 02, n. 01 (marzo 2014): 1440007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237314400073.

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Decavanadate is a polyoxometalate consisting of 10 octahedral vanadium centers, which has been found to exert biological effects and has been observed in vivo. Biological activity implies that a material is taken up into a cell or that the material interacts with membrane receptors. Because of the large size and the high molecular charge, it is nontrivial to anticipate how such a large anion interacts with membranes and whether it will be taken up by cells. Therefore, it becomes important to investigate how the anion interacts with membranes and membrane model systems. Since ion pairing is important for the interaction of this large complex with any membrane interface system, we investigate both the nature of Coulombic and neutral noncovalent interactions with membrane model interface systems and cellular systems. Specifically, we used microemulsions as model systems, and in the specific phase diagram regime where reverse micelles form. We find that, there is a large difference in the interaction with different interfaces, and that charge can have an important role. The negatively charged interface repels the anion, whereas a positive interface attracts the anion. However, the interface with neutral surfactant head groups also is found to repel the decavanadate. This result demonstrates that the discrete charge Coulombic interactions are not the only forces in effect, and that the interactions are at least to a first approximation dictated by the interface charge and not by the counterions in the system. Alternative forces include van der Waals attraction, pH of the water pool, and field and surface effects. Because biological membranes have differently charged ligands, it is not clear which interface systems provide the best analogy with cell surfaces. However, surface charge may affect the compounds and facilitate the interactions that could be important. For example, a positively charged surface could potentially facilitate hydrolysis and sequential abstraction of one or two vanadium atoms at a time from decavanadate. Recently, decavanadate was used as a structural model for the V2O5material. Negatively charged interfaces have also been found to accelerate compound hydrolysis or in other ways alter reactions in compounds near the interface. Lipid-like interfaces potentially contribute to processing of coordination compounds. Decavanadate has been found to interact with proteins and insulin enhancing effects have been reported. Interactions with coordination compounds and the mechanisms of interactions should continue to be investigated because such systems may reveal the mode of interaction of these compounds.

2

Zhao, Di, Jinyun Xu, Yu Sun, Minjing Li, Guoqiang Zhong, Xudong Hu, Jiefang Sun et al. "Composition and Structure Progress of the Catalytic Interface Layer for Bipolar Membrane". Nanomaterials 12, n. 16 (21 agosto 2022): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162874.

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Bipolar membranes, a new type of composite ion exchange membrane, contain an anion exchange layer, a cation exchange layer and an interface layer. The interface layer or junction is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers. Water is dissociated into protons and hydroxide ions at the junction, which provides solutions to many challenges in the chemical, environmental and energy fields. By combining bipolar membranes with electrodialysis technology, acids and bases could be produced with low cost and high efficiency. The interface layer or junction of bipolar membranes (BPMs) is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers, which the membrane and interface layer modification are vital for improving the performance of BPMs. This paper reviews the effect of modification of a bipolar membrane interface layer on water dissociation efficiency and voltage across the membrane, which divides into three aspects: organic materials, inorganic materials and newly designed materials with multiple components. The structure of the interface layer is also introduced on the performance of bipolar membranes. In addition, the remainder of this review discusses the challenges and opportunities for the development of more efficient, sustainable and practical bipolar membranes.

3

Qu, Jianzhou, Zhou Yu e Alexander Urban. "The Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at the Buried Interface of Silica-Coated Electrocatalysts". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n. 36 (28 agosto 2023): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362104mtgabs.

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Semipermeable oxide coatings can protect electrocatalysts in harsh environments without reducing the catalytic performance (Labrador, Esposito et al. ACS Catal. 8, 2018, 1767–1778), making them attractive for direct seawater electrolysis. We recently showed that the buried SiO2/Pt interface of silica-coated platinum electrocatalysts is environment-dependent and changes with the pH value of the electrolyte and the electrode potential (Qu and Urban, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 2020, 52125–52135). Here, we discuss the impact of silica membrane coatings on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanism at the interface with different transition-metal surfaces. Stable configurations of the buried SiO2/TM interface at HER conditions were determined using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Computed Pourbaix diagrams for different transition-metal substrates show the pH and potential dependence of reaction intermediates and the hydrogen coverage on the metal surface. Our results indicate that the HER mechanism at the buried SiO2/catalyst interfaces may involve the silica membrane. Hence, besides the protective quality of silica membranes, this also points to the possibility of designing synergistic membrane-coated electrocatalysts that surpass the bare surfaces of earth-abundant transition metals in terms of catalytic performance (stability, activity, and/or selectivity).

4

Klyuchnikov, A. I. "DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY REALIZING HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY AT THE INTERFACE «MEMBRANE – INITIAL SOLUTION»". Agro-Industrial Technologies of Central Russia 29, n. 3 (settembre 2023): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2023-29-99-115.

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Concentration polarization in membrane processes of separation and concentration is considered as an inevi-table negative phenomenon, leading to a decrease in the specific throughput of membranes up to their com-plete stop under the influence of a high-concentration layer at the “membrane-initial solution” interface. A wide variety of ways to reduce the concentration polarization on the membrane surface depends on the deci-sive factors that determine the type of membrane process, the nature of the processed process fluid, the or-ganization of hydrodynamic conditions at the interface, the magnitude of the surface forces that hold the high-concentration layer on the membrane, etc. In essence, there are simply no universal ways to reduce the phenomenon of concentration polarization at the interface, primarily due to the complexity of the phenomena and processes occurring and interacting with each other in the near-membrane region. The specificity and multicomponent nature of the composition of most process fluids processed using membranes dictate their own conditions for ensuring a stable specific throughput, which differ in their effect on the near-membrane layer and, in particular, the hydrodynamic structure of the flow. In this paper, we consider a scientific con-cept for the creation of membrane technology with a low level of concentration polarization through the use of various technical means placed in a tubular membrane channel and working according to a certain algo-rithm in order to create a controlled hydrodynamic instability at the “membrane – initial solution” interface.

5

Zhang, Wenjuan, Wei Cheng, Ramato Ashu Tufa, Caihong Liu, David Aili, Debabrata Chanda, Jing Chang, Shaopo Wang, Yufeng Zhang e Jun Ma. "Studies on Anion Exchange Membrane and Interface Properties by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: The Role of pH". Membranes 11, n. 10 (10 ottobre 2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100771.

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Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) represent a key component in various electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the effects of structural changes of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) on the bulk membrane and interface properties as a function of solution pH. The variations in the physico/electrochemical properties, including ion exchange capacity, swelling degree, fixed charge density, zeta potentials as well as membrane and interface resistances of two commercial AEMs and cation exchange membranes (CEMs, as a control) were systematically investigated in different pH environments. Structural changes of the membrane surface were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Most notably, at high pH (pH > 10), the membrane (Rm) and the diffusion boundary layer resistances (Rdbl) increased for the two AEMs, whereas the electrical double layer resistance decreased simultaneously. This increase in Rm and Rdbl was mainly attributed to the deprotonation of the tertiary amino groups (-NR2H+) as a membrane functionality. Our results show that the local pH at the membrane-solution interface plays a crucial role on membrane electrochemical properties in IEM transport processes, particularly for AEMs.

6

Ermakov, Yury. "Electric Fields at the Lipid Membrane Interface". Membranes 13, n. 11 (16 novembre 2023): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13110883.

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This review presents a comprehensive analysis of electric field distribution at the water–lipid membrane interface in the context of its relationship to various biochemical problems. The main attention is paid to the methodological aspects of bioelectrochemical techniques and quantitative analysis of electrical phenomena caused by the ionization and hydration of the membrane–water interface associated with the phase state of lipids. One of the objectives is to show the unique possibility of controlling changes in the structure of the lipid bilayer initiated by various membrane-active agents that results in electrostatic phenomena at the surface of lipid models of biomembranes—liposomes, planar lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs) and monolayers. A set of complicated experimental facts revealed in different years is analyzed here in order of increasing complexity: from the adsorption of biologically significant inorganic ions and phase rearrangements in the presence of multivalent cations to the adsorption and incorporation of pharmacologically significant compounds into the lipid bilayer, and formation of the layers of macromolecules of different types.

7

Van Cleave, Cameron, Heide A. Murakami, Nuttaporn Samart, Jordan T. Koehn, Pablo Maldonado, Heidi D. Kreckel, Elana J. Cope, Andrea Basile, Dean C. Crick e Debbie C. Crans. "Location of menaquinone and menaquinol headgroups in model membranes". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, n. 6 (giugno 2020): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2020-0024.

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Menaquinones are lipoquinones that consist of a headgroup (naphthoquinone, menadione) and an isoprenyl sidechain. They function as electron transporters in prokaryotes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For these studies, we used Langmuir monolayers and microemulsions to investigate how the menaquinone headgroup (menadione) and the menahydroquinone headgroup (menadiol) interact with model membrane interfaces to determine if differences are observed in the location of these headgroups in a membrane. It has been suggested that the differences in the locations are mainly caused by the isoprenyl sidechain rather than the headgroup quinone-to-quinol reduction during electron transport. This study presents evidence that suggests the influence of the headgroup drives the movement of the oxidized quinone and the reduced hydroquinone to different locations within the interface. Utilizing the model membranes of microemulsions and Langmuir monolayers, it is determined whether or not there is a difference in the location of menadione and menadiol within the interface. Based on our findings, we conclude that the menadione and menadiol may reside in different locations within model membranes. It follows that if menaquinone moves within the cell membrane upon menaquinol formation, it is due at least in part, to the differences in the properties of headgroup interactions with the membrane in addition to the isoprenyl sidechain.

8

Gallop, Jennifer L., e Harvey T. McMahon. "BAR domains and membrane curvature: bringing your curves to the BAR." Biochemical Society Symposia 72 (1 gennaio 2005): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0720223.

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BAR (bin, amphiphysin and Rvs161/167) domains are a unique class of dimerization domains, whose dimerization interface is edged by a membrane-binding surface. In its dimeric form, the membrane-binding interface is concave, and this gives the ability to bind better to curved membranes, i.e. to sense membrane curvature. When present at higher concentrations, the domain can stabilize membrane curvature, generating lipid tubules. This domain is found in many contexts in a wide variety of proteins, where the dimerization and membrane-binding function of this domain is likely to have a profound effect on protein activity. If these proteins function as predicted, then there will be membrane subdomains based on curvature, and thus there is an additional layer of compartmentalization on membranes. These and other possible functions of the BAR domain are discussed.

9

Handa, Tetsurou. "Lipid Risk Factors and Colloid & Interface Science". membrane 29, n. 4 (2004): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.29.202.

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Endo, Shinji, Toshio Kondo e Tomoaki Nishmura. "Interface Evaluation Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurement Method". MEMBRANE 30, n. 2 (2005): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.30.116.

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Maeda, Mizuo. "DNA-Based Soft Interface and Its Unique Properties". MEMBRANE 37, n. 4 (2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.37.183.

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Miura, Yoshiko, Hirokazu Seto e Tomohiro Fukuda. "Glyco-Interface to Mimic the Cell Surface Functions". MEMBRANE 37, n. 6 (2012): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.37.282.

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13

Watts, A. "Biophysics of the membrane interface". Biochemical Society Transactions 23, n. 4 (1 novembre 1995): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0230959.

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14

Guo, Ziyi, Fengyun Guo, Lei Gao, Yan Wang e Yong Zhao. "A Janus Mesh with Robust Interface and Controllable Wettability for Water Transport". Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (24 febbraio 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8020914.

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The rational design of material structure is of great importance to the membrane material in water manipulation and management. Among them, by designing materials and structures on both sides of Janus membranes with porous structures, membranes with opposite wettability can be prepared to show directional liquid transport effects. However, the Janus membrane has the weakness of interfacial bonding due to the difference in the material and structure of the two layers. Here, we report a method to improve the interfacial bonding force of the two layers. Janus membrane is prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) and cellulose acetate (CA) through the electrospinning method and then treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The as-prepared Janus membrane has a hydrophilic-hydrophobicity gradient and a strong bonding interface obtained by adjusting the chemical composition and microstructure. The NaOH solution plays a dominant role in forming hydrophilic-hydrophobicity gradient and enhancing the interface bonding between the bilayer membranes. The results show that this Janus membrane can achieve the purpose of oil-water separation and one-way water transmission by absorbing oil and regulating liquid surface tension. This strategy provides new ideas and technical supports for improving the Janus membrane interfacial bonding force and expands potential applications in the future.

15

Bos, I. "Comparative Histological and Morphometric Autopsy Study of Femora and Acetabula with Stable Cemented Hip Prostheses". HIP International 13, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000301300205.

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To gain insight into the tissue reactions leading to non-infectious prosthesis loosening autopsy specimens of 9 stable cemented femoral and acetabular components 1 to 16 years in situ were analysed histomorphologically and morphometrically. In femora and acetabula, bone and cement were separated by an interface membrane composed of connective tissue and granulation tissue after short implant duration. After longer implant duration, infiltrates of macrophages containing wear particles of the bone cement and – though less abundant – polyethylene predominated. The interface membranes of the acetabula appeared three times as broad as in proximal parts of the femora. They showed no topographical variations. In the femora, however, the membranes were proximally considerably thicker than in distal parts. In both femora and acetabula, the adjacent spongiosa were infiltrated by macrophages as well. The cancellous bone showed remodelling with formation of a neocortical layer at the border between the spongiosa and the interface membrane. Focal metaplastic formation of cartilage was also present. The results indicate that in femora and acetabula, basically analogous mechanisms lead to non-infectious late loosening, which is connected with the accumulation of wear particles and macrophages in the interface membrane. A positive correlation of the width of the interface membrane with the implant duration was found only in the acetabulum. This could explain the comparatively frequent socket loosening.

16

Lee, Kicheol, Dongwook Kim, Soon-Wook Choi, Soo-Ho Chang, Tae-Ho Kang e Chulho Lee. "Numerical Analysis of the Contact Behavior of a Polymer-Based Waterproof Membrane for Tunnel Lining". Polymers 12, n. 11 (16 novembre 2020): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112704.

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Waterproof membranes have higher initial strength, faster construction, and better waterproofing than conventional sheet membranes. In addition, their polymer constituents have much higher interfacial adhesion and tensile strength than those of conventional materials. However, despite their advantages, waterproof membranes are not widely used in civil construction. This study evaluates the material properties and interface parameters of a waterproof membrane by considering the results of laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. Since the contact behavior of a membrane at its interface with shotcrete is important for understanding the mechanism of the support it offers known as a shotcrete tunnel lining, modeling should adopt appropriate contact conditions. The numerical analysis identifies the suitability and contact conditions of the waterproof membrane in various conditions.

17

Hara, Shohei. "Micyograph of a Monolayr at the Air/Water Interface". membrane 26, n. 1 (2001): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.26.60.

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18

Tang, Gongwen, Yunhui Zhao e Xiaoyan Yuan. "Fibre–Microsphere Membranes with Continuous BMP-2 Gradients with Potential Applications in Interface-tissue Engineering". Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, n. 1 (2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13378.

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Functional gradient scaffolds play an important role in interface-tissue engineering, because of the gradual transition of both physical and chemical properties in interface tissues such as bone–cartilage, bone–ligament, and bone–tendon. In this study, a poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) fibre–microsphere membrane with continuous-gradient bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) distribution was developed by a combined technique of electrospinning and electrospraying. The fibre–microsphere membrane had a ‘sandwich’ structure, in which the electrosprayed poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres loaded with BMP-2 showed a gradient distribution in amount between two pieces of electrospun fibrous membranes. Proliferation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the fibre–microsphere membrane for 21 days demonstrated a bioactivity response to the released amount of BMP-2 in a gradient mode. The study suggested that the technique of electrospinning combined with electrospraying is an effective way to prepare functional gradient membranes with potential applications in bone–interface tissue regeneration.

19

Crans, Debbie C., Samantha Schoeberl, Ernestas Gaidamauskas, Bharat Baruah e Deborah A. Roess. "Antidiabetic vanadium compound and membrane interfaces: interface-facilitated metal complex hydrolysis". JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 16, n. 6 (11 giugno 2011): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0796-5.

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Asoh, Taka-Aki. "rinkles Working at the Surface and Interface of the Gels". MEMBRANE 47, n. 3 (2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.47.130.

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21

Han, Jae-Yun, Chang-Hyun Kim, Sang-Ho Kim e Dong-Won Kim. "Development of Pd Alloy Hydrogen Separation Membranes with Dense/Porous Hybrid Structure for High Hydrogen Perm-Selectivity". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/438216.

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For the commercial applications of hydrogen separation membranes, both high hydrogen selectivity and permeability (i.e., perm-selectivity) are required. However, it has been difficult to fabricate thin, dense Pd alloy composite membranes on porous metal support that have a pore-free surface and an open structure at the interface between the Pd alloy films and the metal support in order to obtain the required properties simultaneously. In this study, we fabricated Pd alloy hydrogen separation membranes with dense/porous hybrid structure for high hydrogen perm-selectivity. The hydrogen selectivity of this membrane increased owing to the dense and pore-free microstructure of the membrane surface. The hydrogen permeation flux also was remarkably improved by the formation of an open microstructure with numerous open voids at the interface and by an effective reduction in the membrane thickness as a result of the porous structure formed within the Pd alloy films.

22

Kim, Yu Seung, Melinda Einsla, James E. McGrath e Bryan S. Pivovar. "The Membrane–Electrode Interface in PEFCs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, n. 11 (2010): B1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3481577.

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Kim, Yu Seung, e Bryan S. Pivovar. "The Membrane–Electrode Interface in PEFCs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, n. 11 (2010): B1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3481580.

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Kim, Yu Seung, e Bryan S. Pivovar. "The Membrane–Electrode Interface in PEFCs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, n. 11 (2010): B1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3481581.

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Rocha, Adriano Santos, Gláucia Santos Dias Azevedo, Edilene da Silva Silva, Gilsivani Hoffmann Cardoso e Cleber de Nazaré Loureiro. "Membrane-acaricide interface described by solubility". Brazilian Applied Science Review 3, n. 5 (2019): 2212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv3n5-023.

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Orth, James D., e Mark A. McNiven. "Dynamin at the actin–membrane interface". Current Opinion in Cell Biology 15, n. 1 (febbraio 2003): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(02)00010-8.

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Vogel, James J. "The membrane interface in biologic calcification". Bone 6, n. 6 (gennaio 1985): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(85)90253-4.

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Pivovar, B. S., e Y. S. Kim. "The Membrane–Electrode Interface in PEFCs". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 154, n. 8 (2007): B739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2740005.

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Kralj, Brett, e Robert A. W. Dryfe. "Membrane voltammetry: the metal/electrolyte interface". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 3, n. 15 (2001): 3156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b103038h.

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Jarvis, Suzanne P. "Interactions at the Membrane-Fluid Interface". Biophysical Journal 110, n. 3 (febbraio 2016): 342a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1841.

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Weichselbaum, Ewald, e Peter Pohl. "Protons at the membrane water interface". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1859 (settembre 2018): e117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.09.346.

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Kim, Su-Min, Sena Hong, Bao-Tran Duy Nguyen, Hai-Yen Nguyen Thi, Sang-Hee Park e Jeong-F. Kim. "Effect of Additives during Interfacial Polymerization Reaction for Fabrication of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) Membranes". Polymers 13, n. 11 (24 maggio 2021): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111716.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thin film composite (TFC) membranes is the dominant type of desalination in the field of membrane technology. Most of the TFC membranes are fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) technique. The ingenious chemistry of reacting acyl chlorides with diamines at the interface between two immiscible phases was first suggested by Cadotte back in the 1980s, and is still the main chemistry employed now. Researchers have made incremental improvements by incorporating various organic and inorganic additives. However, most of the TFC membrane literature are focused on improving the water desalination performance. Recently, the application spectrum of membrane technology has been expanding from the aqueous environment to harsh solvent environments, now commonly known as Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) technology. In this work, some of the main additives widely used in the desalination TFC membranes were applied to OSN TFC membranes. It was found that tributyl phosphate (TBP) can improve the solubility of diamine monomer in the organic phase, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant can effectively stabilize the IP reaction interface. Employing both TBP and SDS exhibited synergistic effect that improved the membrane permeance and rejection in solvent environments.

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Patel, Chintan, Sonisilpa Mohapatra, Tunc Kayikcioglu, Hossein Moghimianavval, Allen Liu e Taekjip Ha. "Cell membrane-membrane interface and protein dimerization mediated by interspy". Biophysical Journal 121, n. 3 (febbraio 2022): 406a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.738.

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Nikolic, Nikola, Björn Eriksson, Rakel Lindstrom, Carina Lagergren e Göran Lindbergh. "Hydrogen Crossover in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n. 39 (22 dicembre 2023): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391912mtgabs.

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Abstract (sommario):

In recent years anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have started to draw more attention by potentially allowing catalysts based on more abundant materials, and by showing high performance [1]. One often overlooked parameter in these systems is membrane permeability of hydrogen, often referred to as hydrogen crossover, which directly affects fuel cell stability and efficiency. This undesirable effect creates mixed potential due to the permeated hydrogen reacting with oxygen on the cathode, and not generating useful electric energy, only water and heat [2]. The generated heat creates hotspots of temperatures enough to cause membrane defects or even destruction which further accelerates the degrading process [3]. During fuel cell operation relative humidity (RH) and temperature varies in the system, therefore in this study hydrogen crossover is measured at different temperatures (between 50 and 70 ⁰C) and RH (between 30 and 100 %), on Aemion anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with and without reinforcement and with a variety of membrane thicknesses (25 and 50 μm in Figure 1. a). The hydrogen crossover is measured using a mass spectrometer (MS) at the inert gas exhaust. To avoid effects of other components pure membranes and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) were utilized without electrodes. It is shown that AEMs increase in permeability with temperature for all tested while the effect of RH depends on if they are reinforced or not (Figure 1. a). The non-reinforced membranes show a constant decrease in hydrogen crossover with increasing RH, while the reinforced show constant hydrogen crossover until full humidification where it sharply decreases. While the observed trends are different, the quantitative values between reinforced and non-reinforced membranes were relatively similar: at dry conditions, RHs lower than 50 %, crossover is 10 to 30 % lower for reinforced membranes, around 10 % higher at 70 % RH, and at full humidification a non-significant difference compared with non-reinforced (Figure 1. a). It is shown that an increase in the membrane thickness is not proportional to the decrease in hydrogen crossover, suggesting that interface resistance is not negligible. The calculated interface resistance is higher than the bulk resistance for both reinforced and non-reinforced membranes at all RHs (Figure 1. b). However, the bulk resistance is higher for reinforced membranes than for non-reinforced, while interface resistances are relatively similar. Interestingly, the ratio between the interface and the bulk resistance remains constant at all RHs. However, for the membranes without reinforcement the bulk resistance is 20 % of total crossover resistance, while for reinforced it is two times higher, 40 %. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) cross-section analysis shows that the reinforcement is a relatively thin layer of a different polymer in the membrane, which suggests that even a very thin reinforcement could affect membrane permeability properties. Understanding the effects of the reinforcement and their influence on fuel cells will allow for more durable and safer AEMFCs. Figure 1. H2 crossover measured using a MS at the inert gas side. a) At different temperatures, relative humidities and membrane thicknesses. b) H2 crossover resistance at the interface and in the bulk for membranes with and without reinforcement. Measurements are done at 70 °C and at flows 20 ml/min of both hydrogen and the inert gas (Ar). [1] D. R. Dekel, “Review of cell performance in anion exchange membrane fuel cells,” J. Power Sources, vol. 375, pp. 158–169, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.117. [2] S. S. Kocha, J. D. Yang, and J. S. Yi, “Characterization of Gas Crossover and Its Implications in PEM Fuel Cells,” 2006, doi: 10.1002/aic.10780. [3] Q. Tang, B. Li, D. Yang, P. Ming, C. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “Review of hydrogen crossover through the polymer electrolyte membrane,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 42, pp. 22040–22061, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.050. Figure 1

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Agrawal, Ashutosh. "Mechanics of membrane–membrane adhesion". Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 16, n. 8 (13 maggio 2011): 872–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286511401364.

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Curvature elasticity is used to derive the equilibrium conditions that govern the mechanics of membrane–membrane adhesion. These include the Euler–Lagrange equations and the interface conditions which are derived here for the most general class of strain energies permissible for fluid surfaces. The theory is specialized for homogeneous membranes with quadratic ‘Helfrich’-type energies with non-uniform spontaneous curvatures. The results are employed to solve four-point boundary value problems that simulate the equilibrium shapes of lipid vesicles that adhere to each other. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the effect of relative sizes, osmotic pressures, and adhesion-induced spontaneous curvature on the morphology of adhered vesicles.

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Bazhenov, Stepan, Olga Kristavchuk, Margarita Kostyanaya, Anton Belogorlov, Ruslan Ashimov e Pavel Apel. "Interphase Surface Stability in Liquid-Liquid Membrane Contactors Based on Track-Etched Membranes". Membranes 11, n. 12 (30 novembre 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120949.

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A promising solution for the implementation of extraction processes is liquid–liquid membrane contactors. The transfer of the target component from one immiscible liquid to another is carried out inside membrane pores. For the first time, highly asymmetric track-etched membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) of the same thickness but with different pore diameters (12.5–19 nm on one side and hundreds of nanometers on the other side) were studied in the liquid–liquid membrane contactor. For analysis of the liquid–liquid interface stability, two systems widely diverging in the interfacial tension value were used: water–pentanol and water–hexadecane. The interface stability was investigated depending on the following process parameters: the porous structure, the location of the asymmetric membrane in the contactor, the velocities of liquids, and the pressure drop between them. It was shown that the stability of the interface increases with decreasing pore size. Furthermore, it is preferable to supply the aqueous phase from the side of the asymmetric membrane with the larger pore size. The asymmetry of the porous structure of the membrane makes it possible to increase the range of pressure drop values between the phases by at least two times (from 5 to 10 kPa), which does not lead to mutual dispersion of the liquids. The liquid–liquid contactor based on the asymmetric track-etched membranes allows for the extraction of impurities from the organic phase into the aqueous phase by using a 1% solution of acetone in hexadecane as an example.

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Basuki, Kris Tri. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND MOLYBDENUM WITH EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE, INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND COST EVALUATION OF THE URANIUM RECOVERY". Jurnal Forum Nuklir 2, n. 1 (1 maggio 2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2008.2.1.3284.

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Abstract (sommario):

MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND MOLYBDENUM WITH EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE, INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND COST EVALUATION OF THE URANIUM RECOVERY. Emulsion liquid membrane systems are double emulsion drops. Two immiscible phases are separated by a third phase which is immiscible with the other two phases. The liquid membrane systems were classified into two types: (1) carrier mediated mass transfer, (2) mass transfer without any reaction involved. Uranium extraction, molybdenum extraction and solvent extraction were used as purposed elements for each type of the membrane systems in the derivation of their mathematical models. Mass transfer in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) systems has been modeled by several differential and algebraic equations. The models take into account the following : mass transfer of the solute from the bulk external phase to the external phase-membrane interface; an equilibrium reaction between the solute and the carrier to form the solute- carrier complex at the interface; mass transfer by diffusion of the solute-carrier complex in the membrane phase to the membrane-internal phase interface; another equilibrium reaction of the solute-carrier complex to release the solute at the membrane-internal phase interface into the internal phase. Models with or without the consideration of film resistances were developed and compared. The models developed in this study can predict the extraction rate through emulsion liquid membranes theoretically. All parameters required in the models can be determined before an experimental extraction run. Experimental data from literature (uranium extraction) and (molybdenum extraction and solvent extraction) were used to test the models. The agreements between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data were very good. The advantages of emulsion liquid membrane systems over traditional methods were discussed. The models developed in this research can be used directly for the design of emulsion liquid membrane systems. The results of this study represent a very significant step toward the practical applications of the emulsion liquid membrane technology.

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Martínez-Gil, Luis, Jesús A. Sánchez-Navarro, Antonio Cruz, Vicente Pallás, Jesús Pérez-Gil e Ismael Mingarro. "Plant Virus Cell-to-Cell Movement Is Not Dependent on the Transmembrane Disposition of Its Movement Protein". Journal of Virology 83, n. 11 (25 marzo 2009): 5535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00393-09.

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ABSTRACT The cell-to-cell transport of plant viruses depends on one or more virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs). Some MPs are integral membrane proteins that interact with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, but a detailed understanding of the interaction between MPs and biological membranes has been lacking. The cell-to-cell movement of the Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) is facilitated by a single MP of the 30K superfamily. Here, using a myriad of biochemical and biophysical approaches, we show that the PNRSV MP contains only one hydrophobic region (HR) that interacts with the membrane interface, as opposed to being a transmembrane protein. We also show that a proline residue located in the middle of the HR constrains the structural conformation of this region at the membrane interface, and its replacement precludes virus movement.

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Zhao, Yang, e Liang Duan. "Research on Measuring Pure Membrane Electrical Resistance under the Effects of Salinity Gradients and Diffusion Boundary Layer and Double Layer Resistances". Membranes 12, n. 8 (22 agosto 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080816.

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Forward osmosis membranes are an emerging technology with great potential applicability in energy-efficient wastewater treatments and the differentiation between two solutions. Such solutions often differ in their concentrations or compositions. In this study, the membrane electrical resistances of three different membranes, including cation or anion-exchange membranes and forward osmosis membranes, were analyzed by Luggin capillary coupled with AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) so as to obtain the real membrane and ion transfer impedance values near the membrane interface. The results reveal that the membrane impedance obtained by both the DC and AC approaches decreased as the lowest external solution concentration increased. Furthermore, the relationship between the membrane conductivity and the internal salt solution concentration was also investigated. It can be seen that the external ion concentration is directly proportional to the free ion concentration in the membrane, and the free ion concentration in the membrane is closely related to the membrane electrical resistance.

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Allen-Benton, Maxwell, Heather E. Findlay e Paula J. Booth. "Probing membrane protein properties using droplet interface bilayers". Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, n. 8 (maggio 2019): 709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219847939.

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Integral membrane proteins comprise a large proportion of drug targets, yet are challenging to study in vitro due to their amphiphilic nature. Conducting useful functional in vitro studies requires an artificial membrane that can mimic the lipid environment of the biogenic membrane. Droplet interface bilayer technology provides a method to form artificial bilayers with a robustness and physicochemical complexity that has not previously been possible, facilitating more sophisticated in vitro studies of membrane proteins. This mini-review examines functional studies of membrane proteins that utilize droplet interface bilayers to date and comments on possible directions of future research. Observations from our own laboratory regarding the study of a flippase protein in droplet interface bilayers are also presented. Impact statement The paper presents a comprehensive review of integral membrane protein studies utilizing droplet interface bilayers. Droplet interface bilayers are a novel method of constructing artificial lipid bilayers with enhanced stability and physicochemical complexity compared to existing methods. Their unique morphology also suggests applications in the construction of synthetic biological systems and protocells. As well as serving as a guide to in vitro membrane protein functional studies using droplet interface bilayers in the literature to date, a novel in vitro study of a flippase protein in a droplet interface bilayer is presented.

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El-Beyrouthy, Joyce, Michelle M. Makhoul-Mansour, Graham Taylor, Stephen A. Sarles e Eric C. Freeman. "A new approach for investigating the response of lipid membranes to electrocompression by coupling droplet mechanics and membrane biophysics". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, n. 161 (dicembre 2019): 20190652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0652.

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A new method for quantifying lipid–lipid interactions within biomimetic membranes undergoing electrocompression is demonstrated by coupling droplet mechanics and membrane biophysics. The membrane properties are varied by altering the lipid packing through the introduction of cholesterol. Pendant drop tensiometry is used to measure the lipid monolayer tension at an oil–water interface. Next, two lipid-coated aqueous droplets are manipulated into contact to form a bilayer membrane at their adhered interface. The droplet geometries are captured from two angles to provide accurate measurements of both the membrane area and the contact angle between the adhered droplets. Combining the monolayer tension and contact angle measurements enables estimations of the membrane tension with respect to lipid composition. Then, the membrane is electromechanically compressed using a transmembrane voltage. Electrostatic pressure, membrane tension and the work necessary for bilayer thinning are tracked, and a model is proposed to capture the mechanics of membrane compression. The results highlight that a previously unaccounted for energetic term is produced during compression, potentially reflecting changes in the lateral membrane structure. This residual energy is eliminated in cases with cholesterol mole fractions of 0.2 and higher, suggesting that cholesterol diminishes these adjustments.

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RADIĆ, N. J., e D. DOBČNIK. "SURFACE COMPOUNDS AND REACTIONS IN RELATION TO THE RESPONSE OF SOLID STATE POTENTIOMETRIC CHEMICAL SENSORS". Surface Review and Letters 08, n. 03n04 (giugno 2001): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0100104x.

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Potentiometric chemical sensors (PCS's) with membranes prepared by pressing a powdered disk of a mixture of inorganic salts or by chemical treatment of metal wire are investigated. The compounds on the surface of the sensor membrane important for its response and processes occurring across the membrane-solution interface for different membranes are discussed. The models of an electrochemical cell with a PCS and equations for corresponding potentials are expressed.

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Morone, Nobuhiro, Takahiro Fujiwara, Kotono Murase, Rinshi S. Kasai, Hiroshi Ike, Shigeki Yuasa, Jiro Usukura e Akihiro Kusumi. "Three-dimensional reconstruction of the membrane skeleton at the plasma membrane interface by electron tomography". Journal of Cell Biology 174, n. 6 (5 settembre 2006): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200606007.

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Three-dimensional images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic surface of the upper cell membrane of normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK) cells and fetal rat skin keratinocytes were reconstructed by electron tomography, with 0.85-nm–thick consecutive sections made ∼100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface using rapidly frozen, deeply etched, platinum-replicated plasma membranes. The membrane skeleton (MSK) primarily consists of actin filaments and associated proteins. The MSK covers the entire cytoplasmic surface and is closely linked to clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. The actin filaments that are closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments responsible for the temporary confinement of membrane molecules, thus partitioning the plasma membrane with regard to their lateral diffusion. The distribution of the MSK mesh size as determined by electron tomography and that of the compartment size as determined from high speed single-particle tracking of phospholipid diffusion agree well in both cell types, supporting the MSK fence and MSK-anchored protein picket models.

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Lin, Wenxiong, Huagang Liu, Haizhou Huang, Jianhong Huang, Kaiming Ruan, Zixiong Lin, Hongchun Wu et al. "Enhanced continuous liquid interface production with track-etched membrane". Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2017-0251.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of an enhanced continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) with a porous track-etched membrane as the oxygen-permeable window, which is prepared by irradiating polyethylene terephthalate membranes with accelerated heavy ions. Design/methodology/approachExperimental approaches are carried out to characterize printing parameters of resins with different photo-initiator concentrations by a photo-polymerization matrix, to experimentally observe and theoretically fit the oxygen inhibition layer thickness during printing under conditions of pure oxygen and air, respectively, and to demonstrate the enhanced CLIP processes by using pure oxygen and air, respectively. FindingsOwing to the high permeability of track-etched membrane, CLIP process is demonstrated with printing speed up to 800 mm/h in the condition of pure oxygen, which matches well with the theoretically predicted maximum printing speed at difference light expose. Making a trade-off between printing speed and surface quality, maximum printing speed of 470 mm/h is also obtained even using air. As the oxygen inhibition layer created by air is thinner than that by pure oxygen, maximum speed cannot be simply increased by intensifying the light exposure as the case with pure oxygen. Originality/valueCLIP process is capable of building objects continuously instead of the traditional layer-by-layer manner, which enables tens of times improvement in printing speed. This work presents an enhanced CLIP process by first using a porous track-etched membrane to serve as the oxygen permeable window, in which a record printing speed up to 800 mm/h using pure oxygen is demonstrated. Owing to the high permeability of track-etched membrane, continuous process at a speed of 470 mm/h is also achieved even using air instead of pure oxygen, which is of significance for a compact robust high-speed 3D printer.

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Yosefi, Gal, Topaz Levi, Hanna Rapaport e Ronit Bitton. "Time matters for macroscopic membranes formed by alginate and cationic β-sheet peptides". Soft Matter 16, n. 44 (2020): 10132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01197e.

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The peptide age and membrane geometry affect the micro- and nano-structure of hierarchically ordered planar and spherical membranes constructed at the interface of cationic β-sheet peptides and alginate solution.

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Xiong, Liang Ming, e Masayuki Nogami. "Interface Influence on the Proton-Conductivity of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Membranes". Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (giugno 2007): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.623.

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As an alternative to a solid-state electrolyte for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), ordered mesoporous membranes (OMMs) were prepared using a sol-gel technique, followed by a deep-UV irradiation. Structure and impedance spectroscopy analyses revealed that the porous architecture and proton conductivity of OMMs were influenced by the nature of the substrates. Compared with hydrophilic substrate, hydrophobic substrate was beneficial to an accessible porous architecture in the interface layer and an increase of proton conductivity of the whole membrane. The proton conductivity of the OMMs was up to 10-3 S cm-1.

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Zhang, Yaoling, e Fei Guo. "Breaking the Saturated Vapor Layer with a Thin Porous Membrane". Membranes 12, n. 12 (5 dicembre 2022): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121231.

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The main idea of membrane distillation is to use a porous hydrophobic membrane as a barrier that isolates vapor from aqueous solutions. It is similar to the evaporation process from a free water surface but introduces solid–liquid interfaces and solid–vapor interfaces to a liquid–vapor interface. The transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process is affected by the membrane’s intrinsic properties and the temperature gradient across the membrane. It is interesting and important to know whether the evaporation process of membrane distillation is faster or slower than that of a free-surface evaporation under the same conditions and know the capacity of the transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process. In this work, a set of proof-of-principle experiments with various water surface/membrane interfacial conditions is performed. The effect and mechanism of membrane-induced evaporation are investigated. Moreover, a practical engineering model is proposed based on mathematical fitting and audacious simplification, which reflects the capacity of transmembrane flux.

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Jang, Hyunbum, Serena Muratcioglu, Attila Gursoy, Ozlem Keskin e Ruth Nussinov. "Membrane-associated Ras dimers are isoform-specific: K-Ras dimers differ from H-Ras dimers". Biochemical Journal 473, n. 12 (10 giugno 2016): 1719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160031.

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Are the dimer structures of active Ras isoforms similar? This question is significant since Ras can activate its effectors as a monomer; however, as a dimer, it promotes Raf's activation and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cell signalling. In the present study, we model possible catalytic domain dimer interfaces of membrane-anchored GTP-bound K-Ras4B and H-Ras, and compare their conformations. The active helical dimers formed by the allosteric lobe are isoform-specific: K-Ras4B-GTP favours the α3 and α4 interface; H-Ras-GTP favours α4 and α5. Both isoforms also populate a stable β-sheet dimer interface formed by the effector lobe; a less stable β-sandwich interface is sustained by salt bridges of the β-sheet side chains. Raf's high-affinity β-sheet interaction is promoted by the active helical interface. Collectively, Ras isoforms’ dimer conformations are not uniform; instead, the isoform-specific dimers reflect the favoured interactions of the HVRs (hypervariable regions) with cell membrane microdomains, biasing the effector-binding site orientations, thus isoform binding selectivity.

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Zhang, Qi, Yuan Liu, Yanlei Su, Runnan Zhang, Lin Fan, Yanan Liu, Tianyi Ma e Zhongyi Jiang. "Fabrication and characterization of antifouling carbon nanotube/polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes". RSC Advances 6, n. 42 (2016): 35532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02991d.

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SBMA@CNT particles were used as a novel kind of surface modifier, which could undergo self-organization at the interface of a membrane/coagulation bath. The modified membranes performed excellent pollution resistance.

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Granseth, Erik, Gunnar von Heijne e Arne Elofsson. "A Study of the Membrane–Water Interface Region of Membrane Proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 346, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.036.

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