Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Interdimensional"

Fifth and sixth graders examine connections during three key activities: watching and discussing Flatland: The Movie, constructing four-dimensional models, and working with arithmetic and geometric patterns.

In this speculative analysis, interdimensionality is introduced as the (co)existence of universes embedded into larger ones. These interdimensional universes may be isolated or intertwined, suggesting a variety of interdimensional intrinsic phenomena that can only be understood in terms of the outer, extrinsic reality.

Expressions that contribute side issues, including at least expressives, supplements, and epithets, take scope only at the level of a complete utterance. Kubota and Uegaki 2009 give a compositional semantics for side-issues, but do not explain why at-issue content never interacts with side issues. We draw an analogy with indexicals, which also depend on context but typically do not interact with surrounding semantic material. As with indexicals, side-issue content motivates staged interpretation: an at-issue stage, and a context update stage. We show how the undelimited continuations provided by Bernardi and Moortgat's 2010 Lambek Grishin calculus can provide a principled way to regulate interdimensional interaction.

Expressions that contribute side issues, including at least expressives, supplements, and epithets, take scope only at the level of a complete utterance. Kubota and Uegaki 2009 give a compositional semantics for side-issues, but do not explain why at-issue content never interacts with side issues. We draw an analogy with indexicals, which also depend on context but typically do not interact with surrounding semantic material. As with indexicals, side-issue content motivates staged interpretation: an at-issue stage, and a context update stage. We show how the undelimited continuations provided by Bernardi and Moortgat's 2010 Lambek Grishin calculus can provide a principled way to regulate interdimensional interaction.

Abstract: The Spiral Multiverse Theory suggests a continuous, spiral pattern universe from the same singularity connected by a common point as everyverse, challenging the conventional Big Bang theory. Every universe starts with a bang. An interdimensional quasar serves as the portal connecting all of the universes to everyverse. Individual universes are connected, but they are observably stable. The theory offers a fresh viewpoint on cosmic evolution and a possible path for practical research by presenting the idea of interdimensional quasars as portals for multiverse travel. The research explores the unique characteristics of the multi-bang process. The study suggests that each universe undergoes its own inflation without observable changes in the cosmic microwave background.

Oral Biology
M.S.
Edgewise orthodontic brackets are designed with a geometric three-dimensional prescription that allows for specific angulation, inclination, and in-out positioning of individual teeth when a rectangular archwire is engaged and ligated into the bracket’s slot. A precise archwire-bracket slot fit is necessary to produce these prescribed tooth movements. As a result, any discrepancy in bracket slot size, archwire dimension, or bracket configuration diminishes tooth movement position accuracy. The objective is to develop a novel microcomputed tomography approach to examine and more accurately measure the interdimensional fit of archwire-bracket slot engagement. .022x028 inch self-ligating Empower® orthodontic brackets were obtained from American Orthodontics. Self-ligating refers to the manner with which the archwire is retained by the bracket. The Empower® system incorporates a clip into the bracket construction that, when closed, retains an archwire. Using TransbondTM XT light cure adhesive by 3M Unitek, these brackets were bonded to a stone model representing the maxillary left quadrant. A .017x.025 inch nickel-titanium archwire was engaged in the bracket slots. The sample was scanned using microcomputed tomography. Three-dimensional reconstruction, reorientation, and volumetric analyses were completed using the accompanying microcomputed tomography software. The archwire-bracket slot interdimensional fit measurements showed poor interaction between the archwire and bracket slot. All archwire-bracket slot pairs were significantly different from the standard (P<0.05) with excessive remaining space after engagement. The majority of archwire-bracket slot pairs were significantly different from each other (P<0.05). The potential clinical significance of these findings involves incomplete expression of the prescribed tooth movements incorporated into orthodontic brackets. The poor interdimensional fit of the archwire in the bracket slot inhibits the attainment of appropriate tooth angulation, inclination, and in-out positioning. The improved understanding of archwire-bracket slot interaction provided by this study can lead to better, more efficient treatment outcomes.
Temple University--Theses

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Esta dissertação teve como propósito analisar uma proposta formativa que pretende se estruturar de acordo com a concepção dos quatro cuidados: autocuidado; altercuidado; ecocuidado; e transcuidado. Nossa pesquisa investigou se os educandos que passaram por tal proposta se apropriaram dos princípios de cuidado. Através de um questionário quantitativo, buscamos comparar educandos ingressantes e educandos concluintes, visando identificar se os últimos apresentavam evidências de desenvolvimento em relação aos quatro cuidados citados. Por meio de uma entrevista qualitativa, também colhemos dados relacionados à percepção do educador sobre a proposta formativa e seus impactos. Nosso instrumento para a coleta de dados quantitativos foi viabilizado através de uma plataforma digital e contou com a participação de 557 educandos considerando grupo experimental e controle. Para a análise estatística, utilizamos o programa “R” na versão 0.97.551. Para a análise qualitativa, entrevistamos dois educadores que atuam na comunidade educativa analisada. O referencial teórico teve por base os ideais de formação humana contidos nos conceitos da educação interdimensional e o conceito da ética biofílica desdobrada em quatro cuidados fundamentais para o encontro do ser humano consigo mesmo, com os outros, com o meio e com as fontes de significado e sentido da existência humana. Na análise quantitativa, não identificamos um crescimento significativo no nível de cuidado dos educandos que passaram pelo processo formativo referido. Apesar de não conseguirmos comprovar um desenvolvimento através do instrumento quantitativo, que talvez mereça ser aprimorado para captar tal informação, foi possível perceber que os educadores reconhecem algum tipo de desenvolvimento dos educandos em relação aos princípios dos quatro cuidados. A investigação realizada nos permite sugerir, mesmo que minimamente, que a inclusão dos quatro cuidados nas estratégias pedagógicas pode gerar impacto positivo em relação à formação humana do educando.

Esta dissertação consiste em pesquisa sobre virtualidades possivelmente presentes nas teorias que incentivaram as primeiras tentativas de transmissão eletromagnética sem fios em fins do século XIX, reportando também ao deslocamento dessas teorias em direção a outras áreas do conhecimento. Após breve retrospectiva do processo de invenção do rádio - no qual concorreram esforços de diversos pesquisadores como James Clerk Maxwell, David Edward Hughes, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, Nikola Tesla, Roberto Landell de Moura e Guglielmo Marconi o estudo revê vasta literatura relacionada ao campo da Parapsicologia, tentando encontrar informações mais detalhadas sobre contatos interdimensionais semelhantes aos descritos por Roberto Landell de Moura, Nikola Tesla e Thomas Alva Edison em depoimentos concedidos à mídia impressa no início dos anos 1900. Finalmente, consiste numa fabulação poética a partir desse contexto.
This is a survey of virtual potentialities of the inventions related to the early development of wireless technology at the end of nineteenth century, as well as its recurrence in other areas of knowledge from there onward. After a brief historical review on the radio invention (involving several scientists as James Clerk Maxwell, David Edward Hughes, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, Nikola Tesla, Roberto Landell de Moura and Guglielmo Marconi) goes into a wider literature review on the parapsychology field wich brings more detailed information on interdimensional contacts as the ones described by Roberto Landell de Moura, Nikola Tesla and Thomas Alva Edison at newspapers and magazines in the early 1900s. As a result this is also a poetical view about this context.

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UNIEDU
FUMDES
A basic understanding of the structural dynamics of the forest, the morphometry of individuals, as well as their interdimensional relationships is required to guide quality management. The objectives of this work were to describe the dynamics of the diametric distribution in order to propose management interventions using the Liocourt quotient, to evaluate the morphometric relationships, to adjust equations for the relation between the maximum density of trees per hectare in relation to the crown variables and to verify if the average and periodic diameter increases of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol) Kuntze plus the diameter at breast height measured in 2012 are equivalent to the diameters at breast height remeasured in the year 2016. The data were collected in a fragment of A , and the mortality of 25 permanent sample units of 400 m², installed in the year of 2012, were measured in the year 2016. All the araucaria individuals were remeasured in the year of 2016. chest height, total height, crown insertion height, and four crown rays of all individuals with diameter a from 10 centimeters and 121 araucaria were obtained increment rolls. The cut intensity and cutting rate were also calculated for cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years. The calculated morphometric indexes were: degree of slenderness, salience index, coverage index, formal crown and crown ratio. The canopy diameter, canopy competition factor, canopy area, crown volume and number of individuals per hectare were also calculated with the data set and for verifying the mean increments added with the diameter at height of the breast measured in 2012 were equivalent to the diameters of breast height measured in remeasurement was considering the average increment obtained from each tree in 2012 and the periodic increase. For the quotient of Liocourt was found the value of 1.32. The cutting rates were 44.89 m³ / ha, 63.64 m³ / ha and 86.52 m³ / ha for the cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years respectively, in this way the potential volume of wood that can be from this fragment would bring economic, social and ecological benefits. The number of trees per diametric class correlated positively only with the degree of slenderness, and with the other variables the correlation was negative, reflecting the competition for light to which individuals are suffering. The results found for the Cup Competition Factor were higher than 95%, evidencing a high degree of soil cover in the crowns, where the maximum density per hectare considering crown surface area and crown volume was 171 trees for one average diameter of 32 cm. The calculation of the diameter at breast height performed through the diametric increment was similar to the measurement data of this variable obtained in the field, making it possible to use them to prognose the future diameters of araucaria trees
Para direcionar à um manejo de qualidade se faz necessário um conhecimento básico sobre a dinâmica estrutural da floresta, a morfometria dos indivíduos, bem como suas relações interdimensionais. Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a dinâmica da distribuição diamétrica a fim de propor intervenções de manejo utilizando-se o quociente de Liocourt, avaliar as relações morfométricas, ajustar equações para a relação entre a densidade máxima de árvores por hectare em relação às variáveis de copa e verificar se os incrementos diamétricos médios e periódicos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol) Kuntze somados com o diâmetro a altura do peito mensurado em 2012 são equivalentes aos diâmetros à altura do peito remedidos no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados em um fragmento de A. angustifolia de 84 ha em Lages, SC, sendo remedidos no ano de 2016 todos os indivíduos de araucária, os ingressos e verificado a ocorrência de mortalidade em 25 unidades amostrais permanentes de 400 m², instaladas no ano de 2012. Foram medidos o diâmetro à altura do peito, a altura total, altura de inserção de copa e quatro raios de copa de todos individuos com diâmetro a partir de 10 centimetros e de 121 araucárias obteve-se rolos de incremento. Também foram calculadas a intensidade de corte e a taxa de corte para ciclos de corte de 20, 25 e 30 anos. Os índices morfométricos calculados foram: grau de esbeltez, índice de saliência, índice de abrangência, formal de copa e proporção de copa. Com o conjunto de dados também foi calculado o diâmetro de copa, o fator de competição de copa, a área de superfície de copa, o volume de copa e número de indivíduos por hectare e para a verificação dos incrementos médios somados com o diâmetro a altura do peito mensurados em 2012 eram equivalentes aos diâmetros a altura do peito mensurados na remedição foi considerando o incremento médio obtido de cada árvore em 2012 e o incremento periódico. Para o quociente de Liocourt foi encontrado o valor de 1,32. As taxas de corte foram de 44,89 m³/ha, 63,64 m³/ha e 86,52 m³/ha para os ciclos de corte de 20, 25 e 30 anos respectivamente, dessa forma o volume potencial de madeira que pode ser retirado desse fragmento trariam benefícios econômicos, sociais e ecológicos. O número de árvores por classe diamétrica correlacionou-se positivamente somente com o grau de esbeltez, sendo que com as demais variáveis a correlação foi negativa, refletindo a concorrência por luz ao qual os indivíduos estão sofrendo. Os resultados encontrados para o Fator de Competição de Copa foi superior a 95% evidenciando um alto grau de cobertura do solo pelas copas, onde a densidade máxima por hectare considerando a área de superfície de copa e o volume de copa foi de 171 árvores para um diâmetro médio de 32 cm. O cálculo do diâmetro a altura do peito realizado através do incremento diamétrico foi similar aos dados de mensuração dessa variável obtidos a campo, tornando-se possível utiliza-los para prognose de diâmetros futuros das árvores de araucária

博士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
91
The purpose of the study was to investigate the interdimensional interaction and order of report in multidimensional stimulus identification. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the effects of dimensional attribute and discriminability on interdimensional interaction of multidimensional stimuli. Two methods were used to evaluate the interdimensional interaction: (1) Garner speeded classification tasks, (2) dissimilarity judgments and multidimensional scaling. The results indicated that homogeneous geometric attributes, such as height and width of a rectangle, or part and shape tended to interact with each other and combine into integral multidimensional stimuli. Heterogeneous attributes such as color and shape seemed to be independent and combine into separable multidimensional stimuli. Discriminability affected the interdimensional interaction of homogeneous attributes when discriminability was high, homogeneous attributes tended to be separable. Contrarily, when discriminability was low, homogeneous attributes became integral. The effect of discriminability on heterogeneous attributes was not significant. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate the effect of order of report and integral/separable stimulus type on multidimensional stimulus identification performance. Analysis showed that proper order of reporting dimensional attributes depended on stimulus type. If the dimension were independent heterogeneous attributes, the effect of order of report was not significant. If homogeneous attributes were involved, they should be reported consecutively. The order in which the color attribute should be reported depended on the characteristics of the stimulus dimensions. If there was a natural language-appropriate order of reporting the dimensional attributes, the color attribute should be used as an adjective and reported first. Otherwise, reporting color attribute later seemed to have an advantage because color is less vulnerable to memory deterioration.

Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Experimental e Ciências Cognitivas)
In a temporal double bisection task pigeons learn two temporal discriminations. They learn to choose Red over Green after 1-s samples and Green over Red after 4-s samples (Type 1 discrimination) and to choose Blue over Yellow after 4-s samples and Yellow over Blue after 16-s samples (Type 2 discrimination). Subsequently, pigeons choose between Green and Blue after samples ranging from 1 to 16 s and, even though the two choices were previously associated with the same duration of 4 s, the probability of choosing Green increases with sample duration – the context effect. This complex result seems to suggest relational learning because Green was associated with the longer sample in the Type 1 discrimination and Blue was associated with the shorter sample in the Type 2 discrimination. The first goal of this thesis was to investigate whether the context effect could be explained from the combination of the temporal generalization gradients for Green and Blue induced by the discriminative training in a double bisection task, following a strategy used in other stimulus dimensions. The timing model Learning-to-Time (LeT) instantiates this generalization-based account of the context effect. The second goal of this thesis was to investigate whether both the temporal generalization gradients and the context effect were consistent with LeT. In contrast to more familiar stimulus dimensions, such as light wavelength or tone frequency, little research has been directed to the study of generalization gradients in the temporal domain. Little is known about their features and the variables that affect them. The third goal of this thesis was to explore the effects of different training protocols, namely the intradimensional and interdimensional protocols, on the temporal generalization gradient. The thesis comprises three studies. Study 1 and Study 2 addressed the first two goals and also investigated the shape of intradimensional temporal generalization gradients. Study 3 explored the effects of interdimensional training on the temporal generalization gradient. In Study 1, pigeons learned a simplified version of the double bisection task, whereby only the two responses critical to the context effect, Green and Blue, were trained. Namely, pigeons learned to peck Green after 4 s but not to peck it after 1 s and to peck Blue after 4 s but not to peck it after 16 s. Next, temporal generalization gradients for Green and Blue were obtained by varying the sample duration from 1 to 16 s. Finally, pigeons were given a choice between Green and Blue after samples ranging from 1 to 16 s. Study 2 extended Study 1 to a standard double bisection task and, additionally, it involved testing with durations outside the training range. First, pigeons learned to choose Red over Green after 2 s and Green over Red after 6 s and to choose Blue over Yellow after 6 s and Yellow over Blue after 18 s. Second, sample duration was varied from 0.7 to 51.4 s and temporal generalization gradients for Green (over Red) and for Blue (over Yellow) were obtained. And third, pigeons were given a choice between Green and Blue after samples ranging from 0.7 to 51.4 s. The results of the two studies showed that a) the generalization gradients for Green and Blue were either ramp-like or bitonic; b) the preference for Green over Blue increased with sample duration – the context effect; c) the two generalization gradients predicted the observed context effect well; and d) the LeT model accounted for the major trends in the data. In Study 3 pigeons were trained to discriminate the presence and the absence of a t-s sample: they learned to choose Green after the illumination of a houselight for t s and to choose Red after a period in the darkness. Subsequently, the houselight duration was varied and the preference for Green was assessed to obtain temporal generalization gradients. The results showed negative-exponential-like temporal generalization gradients, with proportion Green increasing with houselight duration from the shortest test duration to t s and remaining high for longer durations. Additionally, these gradients were shown from the beginning of testing, suggesting that temporal control can be established without explicit discrimination training along the temporal continuum. Together the three studies showed that phenomena observed in more familiar stimulus dimensions also occur in the temporal domain.
Numa tarefa de dupla bissecção temporal, pombos aprendem duas discriminações temporais. Na discriminação Tipo 1, dada uma escolha entre Vermelho e Verde, aprendem a escolher Vermelho após amostras de 1 s e Verde após amostras de 4 s. Na discriminação Tipo 2, dada uma escolha entre Azul e Amarelo, aprendem a escolher Azul após amostras de 4 s e Amarelo após amostras de 16 s. Numa fase posterior, os animais têm de escolher entre Verde e Azul após amostras de 1 a 16 s e, apesar de as duas escolhas terem sido previamente associadas com a mesma duração de 4 s, a probabilidade de escolher Verde aumenta com a duração da amostra – o efeito de contexto. Este resultado complexo parece sugerir aprendizagem relacional, porque Verde foi associado com a amostra mais longa na discriminação Tipo 1 e Azul com a amostra mais curta na discriminação Tipo 2. O primeiro objectivo desta tese foi investigar se o efeito de contexto poderia ser explicado a partir da combinação dos gradientes de generalização temporal para o Verde e para o Azul induzidos pelo treino discriminativo numa tarefa de dupla bissecção, seguindo uma estratégia utilizada noutras dimensões do estímulo. O modelo de timing Learning-to-Time (LeT) instancia esta explicação do efeito de contexto baseada em gradientes. O segundo objectivo desta tese foi investigar se tanto os gradientes de generalização temporal como o efeito de contexto seriam consistentes com o LeT. Ao contrário do que acontece com dimensões do estímulo mais familiares, como o comprimento de onda da luz ou a frequência do som, a investigação sobre os gradientes de generalização no domínio temporal é escassa. Pouco se sabe sobre as suas características e as variáveis que os afectam. Neste quadro, o terceiro objectivo desta tese foi explorar os efeitos de diferentes protocolos de treino, nomeadamente os protocolos intradimensional e interdimensional, no gradiente de generalização temporal. A tese comporta 3 estudos. O Estudo 1 e o Estudo 2 foram conduzidos para alcançar os dois primeiros objectivos e também para investigar a forma dos gradientes de generalização temporal intradimensionais. O Estudo 3 foi conduzido para explorar os efeitos do treino interdimensional no gradiente de generalização temporal. No Estudo 1, pombos aprenderam uma versão simplificada da dupla bissecção, na qual apenas as duas respostas críticas para o efeito de contexto, Verde e Azul, foram treinadas. Nomeadamente, pombos aprenderam a bicar Verde após 4 s mas a não bicar Verde após 1 s e a bicar Azul após 4 s mas a não bicar Azul após 16 s. De seguida foram obtidos gradientes de generalização temporal para o Verde e para o Azul, variando a duração da amostra de 1 a 16 s. Por fim, os pombos tiveram de escolher entre Verde e Azul após amostras que variaram entre 1 e 16 s. O Estudo 2 alargou o Estudo 1 a uma tarefa de dupla bissecção padrão e, adicionalmente, usou durações de teste para além das durações de treino. Em primeiro lugar, os pombos aprenderam, dada uma escolha entre Vermelho e Verde, a escolher Vermelho após 2 s e Verde após 6 s e, dada uma escolha entre Azul e Amarelo, a escolher Azul após 6 s e Amarelo após 18 s. De seguida, variou-se a duração da amostra entre 0.7 e 51.4 s e foram obtidos gradientes de generalização temporal para o Verde (em relação ao Vermelho) e para o Azul (em relação ao Amarelo). Por fim, os animais tiveram de escolher entre Verde e Azul após amostras que variaram de 0.7 a 51.4 s. Os resultados dos dois estudos mostraram que a) os gradientes de generalização para o Verde e para o Azul demonstraram uma forma de função em rampa ou bitónica; b) a preferência pelo Verde sobre o Azul aumentou com a duração da amostra – efeito de contexto; c) os dois gradientes de generalização previram bem o efeito de contexto observado; e d) o modelo LeT explicou as principais tendências dos dados. No Estudo 3, pombos foram treinados a discriminar entre a presença e a ausência de uma amostra de t s: aprenderam a escolher Verde após uma luz se acender por t s e a escolher Vermelho após um período de tempo no escuro. De seguida, para obter gradientes de generalização temporal, variou-se a duração da luz e mediu-se a preferência pelo Verde. Os resultados mostraram gradientes de generalização temporal em forma de função exponencial negativa, com a proporção de escolhas do Verde a aumentar com a duração da amostra desde a duração de teste mais curta até t s e a manter-se elevada para durações mais longas. Adicionalmente os pombos mostraram estes gradientes desde o início do teste, sugerindo que controlo temporal pode ser estabelecido sem treino discriminativo explícito no contínuo temporal. Em conjunto, os três estudos mostraram que fenómenos observados em dimensões mais familiares do estímulo também ocorrem no domínio temporal.

What do Babbitt’s theoretical commitments tell us about how to listen to his music? This chapter excavates Babbitt’s reading in analytical philosophy (particularly of Rudolf Carnap) and cognitive psychology (particularly of George A. Miller) in an attempt to answer that question. Babbitt’s compositional techniques are reviewed in this light: array construction, interdimensional parallelism (e.g., the use of the time-point system to complement the twelve-tone system), and cross-references are shown to be motivated by a desire to write music amenable to rational reconstruction (in Carnap’s term) and sensitive to theories of memory and information processing. Babbitt’s views on Schenker are revisited: he found Schenkerian analysis to represent a model for musical memory. His understanding of language, too, is conditioned by his reading of philosophy and cognitive science. The chapter ends with a discussion of the limitations of Babbitt’s psychology as a guide to the analysis of his music.

Abstract In the course of an investigation of n-body correlations in trial wavefunctions for noble gas clusters the authors varied the spatial dimensionality of some of the clusters and discovered a surprising phenomenon: an interdimensional degeneracy for rotationally invariant states. For Lennard-Jones clusters of N particles in D dimensions they found identical energies for the ground states in dimensions D = N - l and D = N + l. They were able to explain this behavior by considering a D-dimensional Schrodinger equation for all S-states in dimensions D 2’. N - l. The minimum energy was observed and proven to occur for D = N. The calculations were carried out in dimensions D = l to 6 for systems corresponding to clusters of Kr, Ar, Ne, and a hypothetical ½-Ne with half the mass of Ne. The interactions were taken as pairwise-additive L-J 6-12. Very high accuracies were obtained with the aid of trial wavefunctions which were linear combinations of basis functions with nonlinear variational parameters optimized with an iteration procedure.