Tesi sul tema "Interactions lipidiques"
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Malaquin, Linda. "Interactions et déstabilisation de membranes lipidiques supportées". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6173.
Testo completoIn this study we report a rigorous calculation of specular and off-specular X ray reflectivity of supported membranes. More precisely, we compute the correlation functions of the membranes only by approximating the interaction potentials as quadratic functions. Thanks to specular reflectivity, we determine the perpendicular structure of the samples, whereas off-specular reflectivity gives access to lateral inhomogeneities of the membranes. By performing simultaneous analysis, we characterize both structure and parameters of the fluctuation spectrum : tension, rigidity and interaction potentials. By studying single supported bilayers, we measure for the first time the effective microscopic tension related to protrusions inside the membrane (about 80 mN/m). Long range fluctuations are determined by moving the membrane away from the substrate by the addition of an adsorbed membrane. Therefore we precisely measure the interaction potential between neutral membranes in a state of equilibrium. Non equilibrium fluctuations are studied by applying an electric field. For the first time we show that the field induces a negative electrostatic tension on the order of 1 mN/m and a positive rigidity of about 100 kBT. We finally begin the study of more complex interactions by analysing the signal of charged membranes by X ray and neutron reflectivity
Solon, Jérôme. "Interactions entre membranes lipidiques chargées : instabilités, déformations et mouvement". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066580.
Testo completoCarvalho, Kévin. "Interaction entre membrane plasmique et cytosquelette : approche biomimétique pour l’étude des interactions entre ezrine, PIP2 et actine". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20175.
Testo completoThe plasma membrane is composed of several different lipids and can interact directly with the actin cytoskeleton via specific lipids and linker proteins. Among these is the ERM (Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) family of proteins, which is involved in the direct linkage of the membrane to the actin cytoskeleton via a phosphatidylinositol (4,5) biphosphate (PiP2) lipid binding site. Our aim is to understand the interactions between these proteins and PiP2 using in vitro simplifed biomimetic systems like giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) containing PiP2. We showed that a conformational change of ezrin occur when the protein binds to PiP2, this conformational change allowing ezrin to bind to actin filaments. We have characterized quantitatively the incorporation of PIP2 in the membrane of giant vesicles, and showed that the interaction of ezrin with GUV induce a partitioning of the lipid within the membrane as well as ezrin aggregates on the membrane. Likewise, ezrin oligomers were observed only in the presence of PiP2. A better understanding of the interplay between ezrin, PIP2-containing membranes and actin will help to get a better view of the role of ezrin in cellulo
El, Jastimi Rachida. "Étude des interactions entre l'antibactérien nisine et des membranes lipidiques modèles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0012/NQ43481.pdf.
Testo completoRobert, Émile. "Étude spectroscopique de la thanatine : interactions avec des membranes lipidiques modèles". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25319.
Testo completoChervy, Pierre. "Caractérisation biophysique des interactions entre le Lanréotide et des membranes lipidiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS306.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to characterize the interaction between the Lanreotide – a dicationic octapeptide – and membranes composed of lipids. Even if the peptide is very soluble, it has self-assembling properties. Above the critical concentration – which is sensitive to both temperature and ionic strength – the peptide self-assembles into nanotubes whose structure has been solved by the team. The present work is divided into two parts: on one side the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with anionic membranes, on the other one the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with neutral membranes.We adopted a structural approach to characterize the membrane-peptide mixture: X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), electron microscopy (negative staining and freeze-fracture) ; we also used a quantitative approach (ultrafiltration and peptide quantification) in order to determine the stoichiometry of the interaction. In the presence of anionic lipids, the peptide interacts with membranes until its saturation. This interaction, which is not abolished at high ionic strength (2M NaCl or phosphate), induces the self-assembly of the peptide at the surface of the membrane. This phenomenon generates mixed self-assemblies composed of a stack of peptide bilayers sandwiched by lipids bilayers. These stacks wrap into an Archimedian spiral which is a regular spiral with a constant step. In these mixed assemblies, the peptide is organized in a new architecture compared to the self-assemble nanotubes. This new structure has been characterized and solved in this study.In the case of neutral membrane-Lanreotide mixture, the peptide partitions between water and lipids. This observation suggests that in this condition the peptide is able to cross the membranes. The peptide-membrane interaction also decreases the critical concentration of the peptide
Samson, Damien. "Interaction d’Engrailed avec des partenaires biologiques : FoxA2 et membranes lipidiques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS592.
Testo completoHomeoproteins constitute a major class of transcription factors active throughout development and during adulthood. They are all characterized by a conserved 60 residue, three helix domain called homeodomain. In addition to interacting with DNA, the homeodomain of many homeoproteins has been shown to interact with forkhead domain containing proteins. An expression and purification protocol was developed for the protein partner of Engrailed, FoxA2. FoxA2 forkhead domain has been assigned by triple resonance NMR spectroscopy and its conformation and dynamic properties were characterized in solution. Different biophysical techniques were used to investigate the interaction between those two proteins. Unexpectedly, NMR studies together with tryptophan fluorimetry showed no interactions between Engrailed and FoxA2, questioning the existence of a direct interaction between those two protein families. Homeodomain can also translocate across biological membranes by unconventional mechanisms. We have analysed the conformation of Engrailed 2 homeodomain (En2HD) using bicelles as a membrane mimetic environment. NMR studies of En2HD show that a conformational transition is driven by the presence of anionic lipids leading to homeodomain unfolding. Despite the loss of the native three-dimensional structure, near-native helical secondary structures are maintained in anionic membrane environments. Data suggest that electrostatic interactions with membrane may be determinant not only in providing membrane affinity but also in inducing a conformational change in homeodomain structure enabling optimal interactions of basic residues with lipids and membrane anchoring of Trp-48
Chanson, Nathalie. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre les lipoprotéines plasmatiques et les émulsions lipidiques intraveineuses". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P619.
Testo completoIn parenteral nutrition, lipids are delivered in the form of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE),which contain triglycerid-rich particles (TGRP) and phospholipid-rich particles. In vitro and in the bloodstream, ILE particles interact with lipoproteins (apolipoprotein acquisition and lipid exchanges). In the present work, a new type of interaction between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and ILE particles, was observed. After incubation, some apo B, was measured in the incubated emulsion fraction, despite they are structural non-exchangeable apolipoprotein of LDL. These results suggest the formation of LDL-TGRP complex, which are separated by ultracentrifugation and chromatography and this was confirmed by electron microscopy [. . . ]
Faye, Ibrahima. "Polymères en étoile de cyclodextrine amphiphiles et leurs interactions avec une membrane lipidique modèle". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE002/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is the synthesis of amphiphilic star copolymers based on -cyclodextrin and their possible interactions with model lipid bilayers, such as artificial nanopores. In a first step, the synthesis of multifunctional initiator, per(2-O-methyl-3,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl)--CD, was performed and its characterization by 1H, 13C NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry confirms itsstructure. The polymerization of butylene oxide initiated by -CD derivative, in presence of phosphazene base, was then performed and allowed us to synthesize hydrophobic 14-arm star polymers, characterizedby NMR (1H, 13C, DOSY) and size exclusion chromatography. Hydrophilic macromolecular chains (polyethylene glycol, polyglycidol) are coupled to those latter hydrophobic polymers, using ‘grafting onto’ and ‘grafting from’ methods, and the characterization of the resulting copolymer architecture was performed (NMR, SEC). Finally, among the different potential applications, the ability of the star copolymers to form artificial nanoporeswas evaluated by patch-clamp technique
Sin, Ronia Kévin. "Casimir and dynamical interactions in membranes and model systems". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077254.
Testo completoLes membranes lipidiques sont des milieux complexes qui sont soumis à des fluc-tuations thermiques donnant naissance à des interactions du type Casimir quand des objets y sont inclus. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux interactions du type Casimir et aux interactions élastiques qui apparaissent entre objets inclus dans un milieu élastique. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéressons à deux bâtons parallèles de longueur L adsorbés sur une membrane fluide et calculons analytiquement l'interaction du type Casimir pour de faibles distances d< L. Les deux bâtons sont modélisés comme des contraintes, le long d'une ligne droite, imposées à la membrane et en particulier à sa courbure. Ceci nous permet de définir quatre type de bâton, selon que la membrane peut se tordre ou non le long ou/et perpendiculairement aux bâtons. Pour des contraintes rigides, toutes les énergies d'interactions sont attractives et proportionnelles à L/d. Deux des quatre type de bâtons définis sont équivalents ce qui conduit à six amplitudes différentes mais universelles pour les interactions de Casimir. Des conditions de répulsions peuvent être réunies pour des bâtons différents avec des contraintes molles. Des résultats numériques obtenus pour une large gamme de ratio d/L montrent que le potentiel attractif peut atteindre kBT pour d/L≃0. 2. Enfin pour des distances plus petites que dc≃ L(L//p)1/3, où lp est la longueur de persistance, deux bâtons aux extrémités fixées se courberont jusqu'à entrer en contact du fait de l'interaction de Casimir. Dans un second temps nous considérons le problème du calcul de l'interaction de Casimir pour des objets de forme arbitraire en discrétisant les contours avec des contraintes ponctuelles vue comme des inclusions ponctuelles. Nous étudions comment l'universalité émerge de cette discrétisation. Ayant introduit un cutoff et une régularisation pour le calcul de la fonction de corrélation du champ de la membrane, nous trouvons que l'universalité apparaît si (i) la distance entre les inclusions ponctuelles est inférieure au cutoff A-1 et (ii) si les objets considérés sont bien plus grands que le cutoff. Une transition brutale du régime de condition de bord discret au régime continu intervient pour δ =π/Λ dans la limite thermodynamique pour des bâtons à grande distance. Nous illustrons ces propriétés à deux dimensions pour des objets du type bâton et des objets de forme plus complexe comme des lunes. Enfin, dans un milieu élastique unidimentionnel avec une longueur de corrélation finie, ie loin des conditions critiques, et dont la dynamique suit uniquement une dynamique de relaxation, nous calculons la dépendance temporelle de la force élastique F(t) échangée par deux inclusions actives qui imposent une déformation élastique au milieu. Cette déformation est déclenchée à l'instant t = 0 par les inclusions. Nous considérons (i) des inclusions linéaires qui couplent les champs à une force finie puis (ii) des inclusions non linéaires qui impose une déformation finie au milieu. Dans le cas non linéaire, la force présente un maximum transitoire, bien plus élevé que la force à l'équilibre, et qui diverge comme ~ L2 pour des distance L inférieures à la longueur de corrélation du champs considéré. Nous calculons à la fois l'interaction de champs moyen et l'interaction de Casimir. Nous discutons également les temps caractéristiques d'établissement et de mise à l'équilibre des forces en comparant le cas linéaire et le cas non linéaire. Il est important de noter que l'existence d'un maximum transitoire dans l'établissement de la force non linéaire semble être une caractéristique des interactions élastiques médiées
KUZELOVA, DENKSTEINOVA KATERINA. "Cinetique des interactions de porphyrines avec des systemes membranaires : etude sur des vesicules lipidiques comme modeles". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066130.
Testo completoDa, Costa Grégory. "RMN des petites vésicules unilamellaires lipidiques (SUV) : une approche adaptée à l'étude des interactions périphériques membranaires". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1B106.
Testo completoSUV (Small Unilamellar Vesicles) are constituted of one lipidic bilayer. They have beeb so far only poorly used as model membrane for proton NMR studeis. Based on this work, on porphyrins, free of metallated, diamagnetic of paramgnetic, we show that the kinetic dissociation rate constant is able to cancel the anisotropic interactions, thus allowing the recording of sharp signal even for the molecule bound to the SUV. Using various sterol derivatives, we demonstrated the intinsic mobility of incorporated molecules is able to induce a good averaging of anisotropic interaction. Overall, these results have permit to rationalize the required conditions for recording NMR spectra of drugs, peptides in interaction with SUV
Henneré, Gaëlle. "Etude des interactions lipides-calcium au sein des émulsions lipidiques nutritives par RMN et modélisation moléculaire". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114837.
Testo completoPrigent-Tessier, Anne. "Interactions entre les médiateurs lipidiques et la prolactine dans la différenciation de cellules utérines stromales de rat". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0111.
Testo completoIn response to blastocyst implantation during pregnancy, the uterine stromal cells proliferate and differentiate to form the decidual cells. Decidualization leads to numerous cell modifications including morphological and biochemical changes, in particular the secretion of prolactin in humans or of “PRL-like” protein in other animal species. Arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play a major role in the control of uterine cell decidualization. The main objective of this work was to characterize further the role of these lipid mediators in the differenciation of a rat uterine stromal cell line (named UIII) in continuous culture. Three major aspects were considered. We have first studied PGE2 production. Data showed that UIII cells were still able, as uterine cells, to synthetize and release PGE2. Moreover, PGE2 release was stimulated by estradiol and prolactin. In the presence of arachidonic acid which highly stimulated PGE2 release, prolactin was still able to increase it. This is the first demonstration of a prolactin stimulatory effect non PGE2 synthesis in rat uterine cells. UIII cells constitutively expressed both PLA2-I and PGHS (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2) enzymes required for PGE2 production. PLA2-I and PGHS-2 expression were increased by prolactin and arachidonic acid but decreased by PGE2. Prolactin and arachidonic acid did not affect PGHS-1 expression. Finally, we have studied the production of a specific decidual marker by UIII cells. We have shown that UIII cells synthetize a “PRL-like” protein cleaved into two fragments of 8 and 16 kDa, this production being stimulated by arachidonic acid
Hernando, Vanessa. "Caractérisation des émulsions lipidiques pour nutrition parentérale à l'aide de sondes de fluorescence - Application à l'étude des interactions lipides/calcium". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114832.
Testo completoThis study deals with the use of fluorescent probes to characterize lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition at the molecular scale. The physico-chemical properties of lipid droplets, as the polarity, the fluidity and the surface electric potential, were studied with fluorescent probes. Then, the variations of lipid droplets features were studied in the presence of a well-known destabilizing agent of lipid emulsion: the calcium ions. The rigidity of the phospholipids monolayer and the surface electric potential were increased in the presence of calcium ions; whereas the polarity and the fluidity of the triglycerides core did not exhibit significant changes in the presence of calcium ions. Hence, fluorescent probes appeared as useful analytical tools to study the mechanisms of destabilization of lipid emulsions in nutritional mixtures
Zibouche, Mallik. "Relation structure fonction de l'interaction de l'annexine A2 avec les membranes lipidiques". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066104.
Testo completoJobin, Marie-Lise. "Etude du mécanisme d'interaction des peptides vecteurs riches en arginine avec des membranes lipidiques modèles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0314/document.
Testo completoCell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are able to efficiently transport cargos acrosscell membranes in a receptor- and energy-independent manner, without being cytotoxic to cells and thus present a great potential in drug delivery and diagnosis. The understanding of the cellular internalization and membrane interaction mechanisms is thus fundamental for their pharmaceutical development. In this study, two Arginine-rich CPPs derived from penetratin have been investigated: the peptides RW16 (RRWRRWWRRWWRRWRR) andRW9 (RRWWRRWRR). Firstly, a complete biophysical study of the peptide/lipid (P/L)interactions of RW16 has been accomplished and a preferential interaction for anionic lipids was demonstrated. Secondly, peptides derived from RW9 have been synthesized where tryptophan residues have been systematically replaced by phenylalanine. Cellular internalization and P/L interactions have been characterized, and the importance of the number and position of tryptophan has been highlighted
Chantemargue, Benjamin. "In silico investigation of xenobiotic interactions with lipid bilayers and ABC membrane transporters, the case of ABCC4/MRP4". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0077/document.
Testo completoUnderstanding the biological mechanisms of action of membrane proteins requires the comprehension of the interactions of xenobiotics with these proteins and with lipid membranes. Experimental methods are often demanding and only partially respond to xenobiotic-membrane-protein interactions. In silico molecular modeling is a serious alternative to tackle these issues. Molecular dynamics (MD) and biased dynamics simulations have opened many perspectives by providing an atomistic description of these intermolecular interactions. Using MD simulations, we built a model of the human ABC ABCC4/MRP4 transporter. We explored the influence of cholesterol on this protein as well as the impact of a polymorphism known to shut down the transport activity of this protein. We also studied the interaction of xenobiotics with this human transporter. The transport cycle of the ABC transporters was investigated in an attempt to better understand how it works.Interactions between lipid membranes and xenobiotics were explored by examining their ability to incorporate lipid membranes. Lipid mixtures with cholesterol showed a significant impact on the human protein ABCC4/MRP4 and on the xenobiotics studied. The importance of regions, domains constituting the ABCC4/MRP4 protein as well as the importance of specific residues has been clearly demonstrated. We also observed intermediates in the transport cycle of an ABC transporter in conjunction with structural changes occurring during this cycle
Noël, Mathieu. "Étude des interactions entre des peptides cationiques et des membranes modèles par spectroscopie RMN et infrarouge". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27401/27401.pdf.
Testo completoTravier, Laetitia. "Caractérisation des protéines de granules denses de Toxoplasma gondii : étude des interactions protéiques et lipidiques et du rôle des hélices alpha-amphipatiques de GRA2". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10207.
Testo completoAt the interface with the host cell compartment, the parasitophorous vacuole of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii comprises several membranous systems, including the membranous nanotubular network formed upon secretion of the dense granule protein GRA2. Using biochemical approaches, I have shown that the GRA proteins form oligomeric complexes, which could explain the solubility of these membrane proteins within the dense granules and after secretion into the vacuolar soluble fraction. Using molecular and cellular approaches, I have investigated the involvement of each of the three GRA2 amphipathic alpha-helices in post-secretory membrane association of the protein, likely via association to phosphatidylinositol phosphates, and in the GRA2 induced-formation of the membranous nanotubular network. These studies led us to propose models for the interaction of GRA2 with membranes and for the tubulation of the membranous nanotubular network
Travier, Laetitia. "CARACTERISATION DES PROTEINES DE GRANULES DENSES DE TOXOPLASMA GONDII :Etude des interactions protéiques et lipidiques et du rôle des hélices alpha-amphipatiques de GRA2". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00182730.
Testo completoMéthot, Mario. "Caractérisation des interactions de la phospholipase A2 gamma cytosolique et de la retinol dehydrogenase 11 avec des membranes lipidiques modèles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27099/27099.pdf.
Testo completoMéthot, Mario. "Caractérisation des interactions de la phospholipase A₂ gamma cytosolique et de la retinol dehydrogenase 11 avec des membranes lipidiques modèles". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22111.
Testo completoLes PIM les plus élevées ont été obtenues avec le DOPE (~ 44 mN/m) et les plus faibles avec le DOPC (~ 25 mN/m). Quant aux mesures faites en spectroscopic PM-IRRAS, nous avons d'une part confirmé que la N-delRDHll ainsi que la RDH 11 ont une structure secondaire à l'interface air-eau composée d'une proportion importante d'hélices-a, en accord avec les données que nous avions obtenues en solution par dichroïsme circulaire et spectroscopie infrarouge. Le maintien de la structure secondaire de la N-delRDHll à l'interface air-eau démontre également que l'intégrité de la protéine est préservée dans cet environnement. Ces mesures en PM-IRRAS ont de plus révélé un possible changement conformationnel de la N-delRDHll suite à la liaison de son substrat, le tout-trans rétinal, en plus de démontrer que la composition lipidique de la monocouche pouvait avoir un effet direct sur la stabilisation des hélices-a de la protéine.
Narcy, Fanny. "Life strategy of Oithona similis and role in trophic interactions in an arctic coastal ecosystem". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066315.
Testo completoSaadallah, Imene. "Étude des interactions et de l’orientation d’un peptide cationique dans différents systèmes membranaires biomimétiques". Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0105.
Testo completoThis is in line with the research topic concerning the studies of interactions between peptides and membrane lipid models. A cationic peptide (K2LA12) composed of a long hydrophobic part has been synthesized to mimic a transmembrane segment of membrane proteins. Interactions of the peptide with model membranes were investigated through several physicochemical tools such as Solid-State NMR, light scattering or circular dichroism. Various compositions of phospholipids were selected to highlight the influence of the thickness and the charges of lipid bilayers on conformation, interactions and orientation of the peptide. The first section of this work is dedicated to circular dichroism experiments and revealed that the peptide adopted a predominantly α-helical structure in TFE or methanol and also in lipid bilayers. The second part of this work delt with the results of 2H NMR experiments and demonstrated that the peptide increased the order parameter of zwitterionic lipid (DMPC) and had no effect on PC/PG bilayers. Lastly, light scattering studies have demonstrated that the size of vesicles used to build supported lipid bilayers was dependent on sonication cycles or the peptides ratio. The alignment of lipids and the orientation of the peptide were investigated by 2H and15N SS-NMR experiments
Lafontaine, Alexandre Céline. "Elaboration de monocouches lipidiques modèles de la membrane plasmique d’Escherichia coli : Etude des interactions entre la protéine FtsZ et les monocouches modèles". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES039.
Testo completoAssembly of the protein FtsZ at the cytoplasmic membrane is one of the earliest steps in the division of bacteria such as E. Coli. What constitutes the site at which FtsZ acts is less clear. To investigate the influence of the membrane lipids on FtsZ localization and assembly, we have elaborated a model mimicking the inner leaflet of the bacterial plasmic membrane. A 2-lipid system constituted of dilauryl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and a 3-lipid system constituted of DLPE, DPPG and cardiolipin (CL) were elaborated with the Langmuir technique. Using Brewster Angle Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, we found that these systems presented time stable lipid domains. In the 2-lipid system, FtsZ was found to assemble at the interface between DLPE and DPPG domains, thus modifying the monolayer organisation. In the 3-lipid system, FtsZ was found to assemble preferentially under CL domains
Allain, Vanessa. "Bicouches lipidiques modèles pour l'étude des interactions de substances exogènes avec les membranes biologiques : exemple d'un principe actif squalénisé, le ddC-SQ". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114843.
Testo completoDrugs must cross one or more biological membranes (plasma membrane, intracellular membrane) to reach their intracellular target. Interactions between drug and membranes play a significant role in the pharmacokinetic properties of drug such as transport, distribution, accumulation. Moreover, drugs may alter membrane properties. The complexity of the composition (protein and lipid) and the structural properties (heterogeneity) of membranes leads to a difficult investigation of these interactions. Consequently, use of simplified model membranes is needed. In this work, model lipid bilayer systems in which the lipid organization mimics the arrangement of lipids in natural membrane have been developed. In this way, the complexity of lipid composition mixtures has been progressively increased. The primary function of membrane is to physically separate aqueous compartments from their surroundings. The intracellular and extracellular fluids differ in ionic composition. This study firstly consists to estimate the influence of aqueous medium nature on the thermodynamic and structural properties of these model membranes.In physiological conditions (pH 7.4, ionic strength 150 mM), the most significant change was obtained in the presence of divalent ions. Markedly change in lipid organization was observed and the formation of unilamellar vesicles has been evidenced (at low concentrations) in simple model bilayers. Interactions of an antiretroviral nucleoside analogue, the SQddC, with lipid systems constitute the second part of our work. Squalene has been covalently coupled to ddC, in order to improve its therapeutic index. Squalenoylation leads to amphiphilic prodrugs which self-organize as nanoparticles. ddC weakly interacts with lipid membranes while SQddC-SQ can insert into membranes between hydrophobic alkyl chains and induce disruption of lipid organization. Consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of this drug could change
Monnier, Sylvain. "Étude physique de nanoassemblages biologiques de géométrie cylindrique : Effets de pression et couplage mécano-chimique sur des microtubules et des tubes de membrane". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20194.
Testo completoMicrotubules are major constituents of cell cytoskeleton, they are highly dynamic cylindrical structures resulting of tubulin dimer self-assembly. They play fundamental role in cellular processes such as mitosis or cell trafficking. Using spectroscopy methods we studied the stability and aggregation properties of tubulin dimers and microtubules under hydrostatic pressure constraint. We show that pressure can dissociate tubulin oligomers or dimers in a concentration dependent manner. Hydrostatic pressure modifies microtubule polymerization properties and induces depolymerization. The study of tubulin reaction kinetics provides further understandings of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on this complex protein assembly. Biological membranes can form intra- and extra-cellular tubes which play fundamental roles in cytoplasmic trafficking. Using a theoretical approach, we studied the mechanical properties of tubular lipid membrane (TLM) under force and pressure difference constraints. We show the existence of a stability domain of the TLM whose boundaries define two kinds of instabilities. The first instability appears under a compressive force, while the second under a stretching force. For higher streching forces, radial fluctuations lead to tube shape with similarities with the “pearling” instability. This theoretical framework allows us to study protein adsorption and protein-protein interactions on a TLM. Instabilities induce a resonant behavior of the tube leading to global desorption of the adsorbed proteins. We also show long range protein-protein coupling mediated by the stress field in the tube membrane. This behavior can describe the process of protein cluster nucleation on a tubular membrane
Grauby-Heywang, Christine. "Etude des interactions d'anthracyclines avec des monocouches et bicouches lipidiques planes par mesures de pression de surface et diffusion raman exaltee de surface (sers)". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066164.
Testo completoMeskini, Nadia. "Modulation de la phosphodiesterase des nucléotides cycliques au cours de l'activation lymphocytaire précoce et du vieillissement : Rôle des interactions cellulaires et implications des médiateurs lipidiques". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0045.
Testo completoThe mitogenic (Con A) activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced an early (10 min ) and substantial increase of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity for Con A doses which induced a maximal proliferative response. POE activation only affected the lymphocyte population. It could be induced by antiCD3 monoclonal antibody but not by non-mitogenic lectins. It could be partly induced by a synthetic diacylglycerol which suggests that the PLC/IP3/PKC pathway might be involved. HPLC fractionation of lymphocyte POE isoforms showed that the Con A-induced increase of POE activi ty was due to the selective activation of the cAMP-specific, cGMP-inhibited POE isoform (POE III). In parallel, the mitogenic activation of mononuclear cells increased arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, especially the lipoxygenase pathway. The increased HETE level observed upon Con A stimulation is very likely to be due to AA oxygenation by accessory cells and platelets. During ageing, a non pathological model of immunodeficiency, a lowered POE activity was observed in mononuclear cells. The basal oxygenated AA metabolism was increased whereas that induced by Con A was significantly decreased. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase involved in the reduction of lipidhydroperoxides proved to be lowered
Mamode, Cassim Adiilah. "Role of the most abundant plant sphingolipids, Glycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides GIPCs, in membrane structure and host/pathogen interactions". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0413.
Testo completoGlycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides (GIPCs) are the major sphingolipids of the biosphere. They account for up to 40 mol% of the plasma membranes (PM) of plants and fungi. Since their discovery over 50 years ago, GIPCs remained however almost completely ignored. No data are available on their roles in the structure of biological membranes, on their organization in membrane nanodomains and their interactions with other lipids and proteins. Many questions about plant GIPCs remain unanswered, such as the exact chemical structure of the polar as well as the number sugars grafted; their influence on the thickness of the membrane or on the structure of nanodomains; and also their involvement in host-pathogen interactions in plants. The purpose of this project is to purify and characterize the different classes of plant GIPCs to study their structural roles with phytosterols and phospholipids by biophysical and structural biochemistry methods. This multidisciplinary project will enable the emergence of a new theme and will provide an essential database for understanding the structure of plant PM and among others, their roles in the response against pathogens
Kemel, Kamilia. "Mécanismes de passage transcutané : étude des interactions nanoparticules / peau". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS075.
Testo completoMany nanocarriers have been developed to improve the delivery of molecules into the skin. In this PhD thesis, we are interested in lipid-based Janus nanoparticles (JNP), an innovative galenic form characterized by the combination of two compartments of opposite chemical polarity, an aqueous compartment associated to a lipid compartment. The main aim was the characterization of JNP. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allowed to identify an infrared descriptor to follow the physical stability of JNP in open air and over time. The same descriptor allowed to follow their behavior on the surface of the skin, and to note a significant penetration from 3 hours of application. AFM-IR has been shown to be a promising technique for studying the nanostructure of the human skin. In addition, it has shown that after 24 hours of application, JNP were accumulated in the first layers of the SC with a gradient in the deeper layers of the SC. However, it was not possible to conclude if they have penetrated in the intact or degraded form. JNP seem to have an influence on the cutaneous penetration of the hyaluronic acid, they allowed a significant increase of its penetration flux. The characterization of the lipophilic phase of JNP by different techniques (LC-MS, DLS, Cryo-TEM, X-ray diffraction...) allowed to better understand their instability at high temperatures (32°C - 43°C)
Furlan, Aurélien. "Interactions entre les tannins et les lipides : impact possible sur le goût du vin". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053813.
Testo completoFilali, Samira. "Interactions entre cellules et facteurs solubles dans les maladies articulaires chroniques : compréhension et ciblage thérapeutique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1294.
Testo completoSynoviocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic joint diseases, particularly in the osteoarticular destruction phase by becoming resistant to apoptosis. A first study has demonstrated an antiproliferative efficacy of cadmium mineral on these synoviocytes. A proof of concept of a new intra-articular cadmium-based therapeutic product has been developed. This innovative pharmaceutical preparation, developed to prevent the spread of mineral cadmium in the body, contained cadmium-based nanoparticles, which can be administered in liquid form at room temperature and gelled at body temperature, forming micelles containing nanoparticles, thus crossing the synovial cavity. Initially, the reproducibility of the antiproliferative effect of cadmium between the mineral form and the nanoparticles was verified in an in vitro model of human synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis. A different uptake of nanoparticles according to the inflammatory or pathological environment of synoviocytes was then explained by the massive modification of their morphologies. Similarly, the effect of inflammation on the physical properties of the vesicles, secreted by synoviocytes, consolidated the choice of the characteristics of the formulation.Tests on arthritis models in rats have demonstrated the effectiveness of this new original preparation, easily injectable intra-articular, reducing clinical scores with a single injection. This local therapy can be a quick technique and achievable in outpatient
Simon, Laurianne. "Conception de nanoformulations innovantes à base de polyoxazoline pour la délivrance cutanée d'antioxydants". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS045.
Testo completoThe human skin, considered as the main barrier from the outside, is more and more assaulted by environmental sources (UV, pollutants, tobacco…). These aggressions over generate free radicals within the skin then leading to skin aging and potentially skin cancer. Therefore, nanoformulations based on polyoxazolines for topical delivery of antioxidants were investigated in order to quench the excess of free radicals located in the epidermis. As a side objective, this research project intends to demonstrate the potential of amphiphilic polyoxazolines in formulation as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol), which overuse has led to clinical awareness. Various macromolecular architectures of polyoxazolines were synthesized and two main nanoformulations were elaborated: mixed micelles and lipid nanocapsules. These last showed a high stability overtime, a good drug loading and maintained the antioxidant activity of the encapsulated quercetin. The skin penetration study of polyoxazolines and polyoxazolines based formulations was conducted on various skin models (GUV, nonbiological skin model, mice ears, human skin explants). Nanoformulations were able to modify physicochemical skin surface properties to enhance their spreading and polyoxazolines penetrated from simple to complex lipids membranes and in vivo in mice skin. As a conclusion, polyoxazolines were proved to be an excellent alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) overuse for designing formulations and show promise for delivering topically antioxidants into epidermis creating new possibilities for skin treatment such as psoriasis or melanomas
Mukhina, Tetiana. "Active fluctuations and electrostatic interactions in floating lipid membranes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE033.
Testo completoThe main project of this work was focused on the investigation of out-of-equilibrium fluctuation of phospholipid membranes induced by light-activated transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR). A robust protocol for the BR incorporation into the membrane-mimic systems was developed and the induced structural changes caused by BR incorporation and activation with light were probed by means of neutron and X-ray specular and off-specular reflectometry. The reversible effect of light illumination on the protein activity (on /off) via its effect on the bilayer structure and fluctuation spectrum was demonstrated. These results open the way to investigate the active fluctuation spectrum of a planar membrane-protein system and to access the physical properties of the active membrane. The aim of the second project was to investigate the interaction between highly negatively charged DPPS lipid bilayers. We fully characterized the structure of the system and clearly demonstrated that attractive interactions existed between charged bilayers, in good agreement with Strong-Coupling theory
Lubart, Quentin. "Les protéines ERM , Interactions entre la membrane cellulaire et le cytosquelette : une approche biomimétique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI108/document.
Testo completoERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) proteins play a central role in cellulo in a large number of physiological and pathological processes, including cell infection, migration and cell division. Among the ERMs, moesin is particularly involved in the formation of the immunological synapse, viral and bacterial infection, and cancer metastasis. From a structural point of view, ERMs can be in inactive (closed) conformation or active (open), which enable them to interact on one side with the cytoskeleton (actin and tubulin) via their C-terminal domain and on the other side with the plasma membrane via their FERM domain. Binding to the plasma membrane is mediated via a specific lipid of the phosphoinositide family, the phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2). In addition, ERM can be phosphorylated, which contribute to their structural opening. To date, the role of the phosphorylation in ERM/membrane and ERM/cytoskeleton interactions, although widely studied in cellulo, remains poorly understood at the molecular level.The aim of this PhD thesis is precisely to study, at the molecular level and using biomimetic systems, interactions between recombinant proteins and biomimetic membranes containing PIP2. To this end, we have engineered lipid membranes in the form of large and small unilamellar vesicles and supported lipid bilayers. These biomimetic membranes are used to characterize interactions between proteins and membranes by complementary biophysical techniques, notably quantitative cosedimentation, fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. In a first part, we studied the role of double phosphorylation on moesin, achieved via a site-specific mutation on threonine residues, on moesin/biomimetic membrane interactions, in comparison to the wild type protein. The recombinant proteins and mutants were produced in our laboratory.Our results show that there is a specific and cooperative interaction for the double phosphomimetic mutant while interactions is 1:1 in the case of the wild type protein. In a second part, we used supported lipid bilayers containing PIP2 to study the molecular adsorption mechanism of the viral protein Gag and of its mutants. The methodologies that were developed in this work open perspectives in molecular biophysics since they are easily adaptable to other proteins on model lipid membranes containing phosphoinositidesKeywords: Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin, phosphoinositides, PIP2, protein/lipid interactions, biomimetic lipid membrane, Gag viral protein, cytoskeleton
Kemayo, Koumkoua Patricia. "Structural characterisation of highly specific membrane protein-lipid interactions involved in cellular function". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF055/document.
Testo completoCell membranes are complex systems composed of variety of lipids that interacts with proteins to trigger cellular function. The delivery of these lipids to the right compartment is crucial for cells to work efficiently. The coat protein (COP) complex vesicles are involved in lipids traffic in the early stages of the secretory pathway. Recently, a highly specific interaction has been found between the transmembrane domain of p24 protein (p24TMD) abundant in COPI membrane and sphingomyelin C18:0. As such highly specific interaction have been reported for protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions to be involved in regulation of cell functions, we decide to investigate this specific interaction. The p24TMD was obtained chemically and investigated by solid state NMR in presence of sphingomyelin with the ultimately goal to understand the function behind
Kempf, Noémie. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de l'interaction de la protéine de la nucléocapside (NCp7) du VIH-1 avec des membranes lipidiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ071/document.
Testo completoThe NCp7 protein is an interesting antiviral target since it is conserved and plays a numerous key roles in the HIV-1 replication cycle. Interestingly, while only few data are currently available on the possible interaction of NCp7 with lipid membranes, it has been recently shown that during assembly, the Gag precursor can adopt a bent conformation where the NC domain may interact with the plasma membrane. In order to check this hypothesis we used the mature NCp7. Our data indicated that the NCp7 protein, free or bound with nucleic acids, binds to negatively charged lipid membrane with high affinity, can recruit negatively charged lipids to optimize its binding to lipid membranes and has the ability of to destabilize negatively charged lipid membranes at high concentrations. Finally, by using a receptor/ligand model system we established the working conditions to investigate Gag/membrane interactions by high resolution microscopy
Vernier, Grégory. "Protéines Amphitropiques : Diversité Conformationnelle et Versatilité des Interactions Protéines-Lipides. Cas d'étude de l'α-lactalbumine et de l'apo-myoglobine". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266489.
Testo completoL'état conformationnel de l'α-lactalbumine liée aux membranes s'est révélé très dépendant de la courbure membranaire. Nous avons identifié deux hélices amphiphiles qui sont directement impliquées dans les interactions α-lactalbumine-lipides. D'autre part, nos expériences d'échanges H/D permettent une description thermodynamique de la liaison à la membrane. Dans le cas de l'apo-myoglobine, nos résultats suggèrent un mécanisme commun d'insertion membranaire pour les protéines qui possèdent une topologie de type globine. Par ailleurs, la liaison de l'apo-myoglobine aux membranes ne semble pas nécessaire pour la fonction biologique de cette protéine. Une description des structures membranaires de l'apo-myoglobine a été entreprise par des expériences d'échanges H/D suivies par spectrométrie de masse.
Lebel, Manon. "Étude des interactions amphotéricine b/stérols dans une matrice lipidique de phosphatidylcholine /". Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/18321805R.pdf.
Testo completoLebel, Manon. "Étude des interactions amphotéricine b/stérols dans une matrice lipidique de phosphatidylcholine". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1394/1/000117036.pdf.
Testo completoXu, Zeren. "Le rôle et les mécanismes de l'assemblage de REMORIN". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0307.
Testo completoRemorins are multifunctional proteins that play vital roles in plant immunity, development, and symbiosis by associating with the plasma membrane and sequestering specific lipids into functional membrane nanodomains. These proteins are classified into a multigenic family with six groups characterized by distinct protein-domain compositions. All remorin family members share a C-terminal membrane anchor (REM-CA), a homo-oligomerization domain, and the N-terminal is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of variable length. Uniquely, REMs bypass the secretory pathway for membrane targeting and localize to different nanodomains based on their phylogenetic group. In this study, we combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, protein structure calculations, and advanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal the structural and dynamic properties of REMs. We discovered that remorins form stable pre-structured coiled-coil dimers in the cytosol, which act as tunable nanodomain-targeting units. These dimers feature a REM-dependent barcode-like positive surface charge before membrane association. Furthermore, the REM-CAs exhibit structural and dynamic variations across the family, providing a selective platform for phospholipid binding upon membrane contact. The N-terminal IDR forms a flexible fuzzy structural ensemble around the coiled-coil core. The C-terminal anchors create avidity through multivalent electrostatic interactions between anionic lipid headgroups and the positively charged dimer surface, supporting a synergistic mechanism between REM-CA and the coiled-coil domain to segregate lipid-protein nanodomains. Solid-state NMR and coarse-grained MD simulations further revealed the distinct behavior of REM-CAs when associated to the lipid membrane. We observe differences in membrane association profiles of the REM-CAs and of the charged coiled-coils dependent on the dimer surface charges and dependent on the lipids present in the membrane. Coiled-coil stability and the intensity of membrane association is tuned by the lipid headgroups on the membrane surface. The insights enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of remorins in membrane organization in plants, the distinct localizations of remorins in membrane nanodomains and the structural factors contributing to the different remorin functions. This research lays the groundwork for future studies to elucidate the complex behaviors of membrane-associated REMs and their structural tuning during cellular signaling and defense mechanisms
Khalfa, Adil Tarek Mounir Maigret Bernard. "Etude des cycles peptidiques en interaction avec les membranes lipidiques par simulations de dynamique moléculaire utilisant l'approche gros grains". S. l. : Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0024_KHALFA.pdf.
Testo completoBories, Florent. "Interaction entre inclusions transmembranaires transmise par la membrane cellulaire". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC224.
Testo completoThe present thesis is a study of interactions between transmembrane proteins inducing a hydrophobic mismatch with an elastic model describing the membranes at the scale of their thickness. I begin by showing that this model generalizes the precedent ones found in litterature by taking in account every possible physical constants. I add also an anchoring term at the edge of the inclusion that can induce a preferential slope. I verify that the results found with this addition is what was found previously with one inclusion in a membrane in two différent cases. Next, I develop a multipolar computation method that allows me to compute the shape of a membrane where several inclusions are presents. I give the general solutions of this model and gives an algorithm in the case where two inclusions are present in an infinite membrane. Then, I give the expected profile and the interaction energies for a typical lipidic bilayer. I compare my results to experiments performed by Constantin with an algorithm using Omstein-Zernike equation and closure relations. The first system "C12E5 + gramicidin", where the membrane is made of surfactant, gives good agreement between the theory and the experiments and allows me to give a first measurement for new physical parameters. The second system "DLPC + gramicidin" does not allow such an agreement between the theory and the experiments but I give a new lead which may give a measurement for this system
Bacle, Amélie. "Etude in silico des gouttelettes lipidiques et de leur interaction avec des protéines périphériques via des hélices amphipathiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC235/document.
Testo completoLipid droplets (LD) are intracellular organelles that have a central role in lipid metabolism andimplication in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. LDs have a unique architecture: aphospholipid (PL) monolayer that surrounds a neutral lipid core composed of triacylglycerols (TAG)and cholesteryl esters (CE). Some proteins are recruited both to LDs and to other cellularorganelles, whereas others are targeted specifically to the surface of LDs. It has been shown thatsome of these proteins could be sensitive to a high surface tension (ST), increase in the area perlipid, in reconstituted LD. How do surface properties differ between a membrane and an LD? Howdoes the LD surface respond to an increase in ST? How do proteins interact with LDs? Weperformed united-atom molecular dynamics simulations on trilayer systems that mimic the LDsurface to investigate the surface properties of this organelle. Several simulations were performedat different ST by increasing the area per lipid. Surface properties were characterized in terms ofpacking defects (i.e interfacial voids at the membrane-water interface). No difference was observedwith a bilayer at equilibrium. However, high ST promoted the insertion of neutral lipids into themonolayer and a significant increase of packing defects. Preliminary simulations has been done oninteraction of a model protein called perilipin 4, which binds to LDs \textit{in vivo} using a long 11/3amphipathic helix. The first results show that the protein adopts a more flexible conformation on oilwaterinterface than in bilayer-water interface. Attempts of dimerisation show that the localization ofthe charged residues may be involved in the oligomerisation process. Taken together, our resultsprovide a quantitative molecular understanding of how ST affects the LD surface and preliminaryresults on protein-LD interaction. Our work constitutes a first step towards characterizing thebehavior and structure of LD surface properties and will be useful for a better understanding onhow some specific proteins are targeted to LD
Ajjaji, Dalila. "Interaction de la protéine core du virus de l’hépatite C avec les corps lipidiques : mécanisme et fonction". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE056.
Testo completoA major step for the maintenance of the hepatitis C infection state in the cells is the binding of the Core protein from the capsid to the lipid droplets membrane formed in the liver. Core binds with an amphipathic helix to use it from the bilayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the water-oil interface of the lipid droplets. The mechanism of this passage has not yet been elucidated and the regulation of the link remains unclear. Understanding this physical Core traffic requires, among other things, a good knowledge of the biophysics of protein-membrane interaction, especially on emulsion interfaces. Little has been done in this direction. For this project, we investigated the mechanism of cellular traffic of Core and its partners between endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach. To overcome the complexities associated with the multiple interactions of Core, and which currently prevent an understanding of the binding of the protein, we reconstituted it binding on model membranes. We formed drops of oil-in-water emulsions, mimicking the lipid droplets, and vesicles mimicking the endoplasmic reticulum. We thus determined the conditions favoring the binding of Core on the lipid droplets. This approach, coupled with in vivo manipulations, is innovative and bring an understanding that is currently lacking
Montagu, Angélique. "Composants aromatiques nano-encapsulés : une alternative face à la résistance aux antibiotiques : Démonstration des effets biologiques seuls ou nano-encapsulés de l’in vitro à l’in vivo Prevention of Bacterial Infections Using Encapsulated Phytophenolic Actives Aromatic and terpenic compounds loaded in lipidic nanocapsules: activity against multi-drug resisant Acinobacter baumannii assessed in vitro and in a murine model of sepsis Demonstration of the interactions between aromatic compound-loaded lipid nanocapsules and Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial membrane". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0072.
Testo completoFaced with the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the discovery of new antibacterial strategies is imperative. An alternative is the use of antibacterial active substances from essential oils. These lipophilic compounds were encapsulated via lipidic nanocapsules(LNC) allowing a use by systemic way. The efficacy of actives loaded LNC has been showed in a murine model of sepsis against Acinetobacter baumannii with a survival rate of 45% to 55%. Our study showed the power of attraction and penetration of the encapsulated carvacrol (Car) via the hydroxyl functions. The biological effects of these compounds were characterized by a degradation of rRNA, an over expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins. A catalase overexpression was also observed which is related to an oxidative stress (role of detoxification). Our works showed that bacteria could use in this process, a defense strategy against Car using the endogenous reactive oxygen species in response to environmental stress. These biological effects are preserved after encapsulation by LNC. In an in vivo model of pneumonia, no animal survival has been observed, despite the use of pegylated LNC, which is supposed to increase their stealth in the blood. Pulmonary infection did not promote the LNC accumulation in the lungs. This phenomenon could be explained by the metabolization of Cin in cinnamic acid in the blood, the oxidized form ofthe compound which would drastically reduce the antibacterial activity of Car-Cin loaded LNC
Rakotomanga, Michaëlle. "Interaction de la miltéfosine avec les membranes et avec le métabolisme lipidique de Leishmania donovani". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114830.
Testo completoMiltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine [HePC]) is the first orally active antileishmanial drug. In this work, the Leishmania donovani lipid analysis showed that HePC acts upon the membrane composition and the lipid metabolism of parasites. A new HPLC technique allowing an one-step phospholipid analysis was developped, showing a decrease of phosphatidylcholine polar head group amount and an augmentation of phosphatidylethanolamine, after treatment of parasites with HePC. That suggests an inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase by HePC whereas phospholipase D activity was no affected. HePC resistance affected fatty acid desaturases bringing about a fluidity diminution of resistant leishmania membranes, so HePC insertion became more difficult. This work was emphasized, using lipid monolayers, a strong affinity between HePC and sterols suggesting HePC with membrane lipids rafts
Navon, Yotam. "Interaction des composants de la paroi cellulaire végétale : vers un système de modèle bio-inspiré". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV006.
Testo completoThe goal of this work was to develop an in vitro model of the plant primary cell wall. A bottom up approach was chosen for the rational design of 2D and 3D constructs made of a lipid membrane, cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG). First, the interaction between the building blocks was probed using light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, quartz crystal microbalance and electron microscopy, revealing firstly the electrostatic nature of the interaction between CNCs and a lipidic membrane and secondly, specific interaction between CNCs and XG in a precise stoichiometric ratio. Then, the optimal parameters from the interaction studies were used to obtain 2D and 3D structures by depositing alternating layers of CNCs and XG on flat substrates (multilayered films) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). A linear growth of the films was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments while the response of decorated vesicles to osmotic shocks lead to their buckling due to the rigidification of the lipid membrane. Finally, the mechanical properties of the constructs were characterized using AFM indentation, revealing a Young's modulus of few hundred kPa, similarly to what is observed for real plant cell walls