Tesi sul tema "Interactions genrées"
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Joeck, Samantha. "Street Interactions and the Spatial Dynamics of Gender and Social Class in Medellín, Colombia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0100.
Testo completoThis doctoral dissertation adopts a spatial perspective to explore how gendered street interactions affect the experience of and access to Medellín’s urban public spaces. It is particularly concerned with comments men direct at women in public places (many of which are commonly understood to be “street harassment” and locally referred to as “street compliments”), mobilizing an intersectional approach to analyze how their use, contestation, and regulation are affected by entwined power structures related to gender, class, and race. I examine how these interactions perpetuate racial and class hierarchies rooted in colonial history by upholding gendered polarities that distinguish between “respectable” and “dishonourable” women, a distinction implicit to caste categories in place under colonial rule. I similarly examine the role these interactions play in upholding a corresponding masculine polarity between “protectors” and “aggressors.” The research is based on seven months of immersive ethnographic fieldwork, which included observations of public spaces and over 70 semi-structured interviews in addition to innovative methodologies such as mobile interviews and social cartography. It was conducted in 2018 and 2019, shortly after the signing of peace accords between the Colombian government and the FARC [The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia] in 2016. Medellín was particularly affected by Colombia’s armed conflict but has recently rebranded as a modern and innovative city on the international stage. This context gives rise to one of the central lines of inquiry in my thesis, which looks at the ways in which both legal and illegal forces of order (Medellín’s municipal government and local paramilitary groups, respectively), alternately condemn or engage in the harassment of women in public spaces as a means to consolidate control over territories and uphold particular economic and social orders
Esta tesis doctoral adopta una perspectiva espacial para explorar cómo las interacciones generizadas en los espacios públicos afectan la estructura, el acceso y la percepción de estos espacios en la ciudad de Medellín. Focaliza particularmente los comentarios masculinos dirigidos hacia mujeres desconocidas en lugares públicos (que son ampliamente comprendidos como “acoso callejero” pero habitualmente llamados “piropos callejeros” a nivel local), adoptando un enfoque interseccional para examinar cómo su utilización, regulación y cuestionamiento son modulados por estructuras de poder interconectadas que están relacionadas con el género, la clase social, y la raza. Examina cómo estas interacciones participan de la reproducción de jerarquías de raza y de clase social arraigadas en la historia colonial a través del mantenimiento de polaridades de género que distinguen entre mujeres “respetables” y “deshonrosas,” una clasificación implícita en las categorías de casta vigentes en la época colonial. También indaga el papel de estas interacciones a la hora de mantener la correspondiente polaridad masculina entre hombres “protectores” y “agresores”. La investigación está basada en siete meses de trabajo de campo etnográfico e inmersivo que incluyó la observación de espacios públicos y más de 70 entrevistas semiestructuradas, además de metodologías innovadoras como entrevistas móviles y cartografía sensible. El trabajo de campo se realizó en 2018 y 2019, poco tiempo después de la firma de los acuerdos de paz entre el gobierno colombiano y el grupo FARC (Fuerzas armadas revolucionarias de Colombia) en 2016. Medellín se vio particularmente afectada por el conflicto armado pero recientemente ha logrado reinventarse como ciudad moderna e innovadora en la escena internacional. Este contexto da lugar a una de las líneas centrales de investigación de la tesis, que analiza cómo distintos organismos de control legales e ilegales (el gobierno municipal y los grupos armados organizados, respectivamente) condenan o participan, alternativamente, en el acoso de mujeres en los espacios públicos como medio para consolidar el control sobre los territorios y mantener determinados órdenes económicos y sociales
Koester, Almut Josepha. "Interpersonal markers in workplace genres : pursuing transactional and relational goals in office talk". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364406.
Testo completoBonhomme, Vincent. "Écologie, Évolution et Développement du genre des plantes carnivores à urnes du genre Nepenthes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20110.
Testo completoThe carnivorous genus encompasses at least 120 species mainly distributed in SE Asia with Borneo and Sumatra recognized as endemism and diversity centers. They are vines whose leaves modified as pitchers exhibit an array of morphological and physicochemical adaptations that compete to the attraction, the capture and the digestion of arthropods. Besides the great morphological diversity the genus comprises a functional diversity exists: retentive mechanisms vary between species and in some species pitcher morphologies and functioning can also change throughout ontogeny. This thesis attempts to describe the trapping mechanisms and the ecology of some species to the evolutionary history of the diversification of the genus
Lundberg, Jonas. "Shaping electronic news : genre perspectives on interaction design /". Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/09/18/index.html.
Testo completoYockteng, Roxana. "Phylogénies : outils pour l'étude de l'histoire évolutive des organismes : l'exemple des pensées (genre Viola L.) et des passiflores (genre Passiflora L.)". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112173.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis was to study the evolutionary history of two groups of angiosperms: pansies (section Melanium, genus Viola, Violaceae) and passionflowers (genus Passiflora, Passifloraceae), Phylogenetic relationships within groups were established using molecular markers. The resulting trees were used for examining some characters or mechanisms potentially involved in the evolution and diversification of both groups. The first part of this work was focused on pansies. The very low genetic diversity revealed by ITS, the highly variable chromosome number, the occurrence of natural hybrids and the widespread pollen heteromorphism suggest that this section might have undergone a reticulate evolution. Relationships among pansies were estimated using ISSR markers. The reconstruction of chromosome number evolution on the phylogeny suggests x = 7 or x = 9 as probable base chromosome numbers for the section. The reconstruction of aperture type shows that the most common pollen type in pansies is 4-aperturate, always found associated with 3- or 5-aperturate pollen grains, whereas the 3-aperturate type is predominant in the rest of the genus Viola. The second part of this work was devoted to passionflowers. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Passiflora were established using nuclear and chloroplast markers: a region of the glutamine synthetase nuclear gene chloroplast-expressed (ncpGS) and a region of the chloroplast maturase K gene (matK). The genus appears split into three main clades, each supported chromosome numbers and several morphological characters. The phylogeny was used for examining the evolution plant-herbivore and plant-pollinator interactions and also the evolution of geographical distribution. A comparative analysis confirmed the morphological adaptation of Passiflora flowers to specific types of pollinators. No co-speciation pattern was detected between passionflowers and their herbivores, larvae of Heliconiine butterflies, although adaptation of the larvae to the secondary metabolites produced by the plants seems to have occurred. A correlation between geographic distribution and flower colour on the one hand and number of herbivores on the other hand was found
Becqueret, Nicolas. "Éléments pour une typologie des émissions radiophoniques interactives : genres, indicateurs pragmadiscursifs et réception". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030118.
Testo completoThe interactive emissions broadcast the words of the listeners. The theoretical concepts resulting from pragmatic and social psychology, articulated with the concepts of genre of speech and contracts of communication made it possible to describe this word. The systematic and statistical analysis of the origins of speeches, the verbal capital, the interlocutif acts and the act of speaking distinguished from the great kinds corresponding to great discursive aimings : actuality, testimony and the council, mediation and the community of confessions and relational programs. The study in reception was interested in the recognition as of the these great contracts then questioned the recognition of pragmatic and discursive dimensions dominant, as well as the recognition of the kinds by a exercise of association. For the majority, the sequences were associated according to the similarity of the kinds and the aimings
Pettit, Zoé. "Sous titrage et doublage : interaction entre langage et image dans une sélection de genres audiovisuels". Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30021.
Testo completoMedeiros, Neilson Alves de. "O Sistema de gêneros no discurso oral da criança". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6409.
Testo completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aims to investigate the formation of children's oral discourse, analyzing how the oral genres can be organized into a system of genres. Our study adopts the perspective of Socio interactionism in Language Acquisition, taking into account the theories of Bruner ( 1975, 1977, 1985) and Tomasello (2005 ), who state that language development occurs in interaction, in which the child is inserted into action activities and joint attention, from which the roles of the subjects are constructed. Beside this, our research also discusses textual genres, from Bakhtin (1997) to Bazerman s (2006, 2007) perspective, for whom genre is conceived as a situated practice, that is, it is sociorethoric activity, which takes into account the roles that speakers assume in the interaction, the objectives and the situation in which texts are produced and received. Furthermore, according to Bazerman (2006), the textual genres function within a group which is part of a system of genres. Thus, we seek to understand how oral genres produced by a group of 14 children and the teacher of a classroom make up a system, which founds the activities related to that specific context. For the study, we made the record of 8 shooting sessions with children aged 4 years, the same group of a classroom of kindergarten, in a private school. Our analyzes show that the textual genre found in group interactions are articulated in a dynamic system, in which the genres spontaneous conversation and ruled conversation can be considered as base genre while other genres, such as the report, the exposure and the storytelling figure as subsequent genre. Moreover, we found that oral base genres support the use of relatively new genres for children, showing that the genre system consists of an apparatus for language development.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a constituição do discurso oral da criança, analisando como os gêneros textuais orais podem se organizar em um sistema de gêneros. Nosso estudo se insere na perspectiva do Sociointeracionismo na Aquisição da Linguagem, levando em conta as teorias de Bruner (1975; 1977; 1985) e Tomasello (2005), que partilham a ideia de que o desenvolvimento da linguagem ocorre na interação, em que a criança é inserida em atividades de ação e atenção conjuntas, nas quais os papéis dos sujeitos são construídos. Ao lado disso, nossa pesquisa também se situa no campo dos gêneros textuais, partindo de Bakhtin (1997) e, em especial, de Bazerman (2006; 2007), para quem o gênero é concebido como uma prática situada, isto é, uma atividade sociorretórica, que leva em conta os papéis que os falantes assumem na interação e os objetivos postos em jogo e a situação na qual os textos são produzidos e recebidos. Além disso, segundo a teoria de Bazerman (2006), os gêneros funcionam dentro de um conjunto que, por sua vez, integra um sistema de gêneros. Pensando nisso, buscamos compreender como os gêneros orais produzidos por um grupo de 14 crianças e pela professora da turma compõem um sistema, que embasa as atividades relacionadas a esse contexto específico. Para a realização do estudo, fizemos o registro de 8 sessões em filmagens, com crianças na faixa etária de 4 anos, pertencentes ao mesmo grupo de uma sala de aula da Educação Infantil, em uma escola da rede privada. Nossas análises demonstram que os gêneros encontrados nas interações do grupo se articulam em um sistema dinâmico, em que os gêneros conversa espontânea e conversa regrada podem ser considerados como gêneros de base enquanto outros gêneros, como o relato, a exposição e a contação de histórias figuram como subsequentes. Ainda na perspectiva do sistema, verificamos que os gêneros orais de base dão suporte para o uso dos gêneros relativamente novos para as crianças, evidenciando que o sistema de gêneros consiste em um espaço de desenvolvimento da língua.
Varela, Chavez Carolina. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’une cyclomoduline pro-apoptotique nommée Cif (Cycle Inhibiting Factor) chez les bactéries entomopathogènes du genre Photorhabdus". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20183.
Testo completoSILVA, AMANDA FERRAZ DE OLIVEIRA E. "TELEVISIN ADVERTISEMENTS AS A DISCOURSE GENRE: VERBAL INTERACTIONS UNDER BAKHTIN`S PERSPECTIVE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7059@1.
Testo completoEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o gênero discursivo propaganda televisiva e as interações verbais aí presentes sob a perspectiva bakhtiniana. O corpus principal da pesquisa compõe-se de dados retirados de algumas propagandas televisivas, tendo sido gravadas e transcritas 11 propagandas da empresa FIAT Automóveis do Brasil, produzidas no período de 2000 a 2003. A análise das propagandas televisivas foi realizada com base nos pressupostos da teoria de Bakhtin (1981, 1992 e 1997), considerando-se conceitos de gênero, interação verbal, dialogismo, vozes discursivas, intertextualidade e ironia. A partir dos resultados da análise, propomos a classificação do gênero propaganda televisiva como um gênero intersemiótico complexo. A análise dos dados permitiu também caracterizar a propaganda televisiva como um gênero em que há a fusão do próprio gênero propaganda com o seu veículo de suporte, a televisão. O estudo das interações verbais mostrou que este gênero reflete aspectos histórico- sociais, valores e estereótipos, por meio das vozes ideológicas da sociedade, que permeiam o discurso. Este trabalho nos possibilita confirmar que a língua é um fenômeno social, histórico e ideológico e que o contexto é muito importante para a compreensão do que é dito ou do que se quer dizer em uma propaganda televisiva, que se constitui como um enunciado social (Bakhtin, 1981, 124).
The purpose of this research is to study the genre television advertisements and verbal interactions under Bakhtin`s perspective. The main corpus of the study is composed of data from TV ads, having been recorded and transcribed 11 samples of Brazilian car advertisements of FIAT Automobile Company, produced from 2000 to 2003. The analysis of the ads was based on theoretical concepts extracted from Bakhtin`s language theory (1981, 1992 and 1997), considering genre, verbal interaction, dialogism, discursive voices, intertextuality and irony. Based on the results of the analysis, the classification of television advertisements as a complex intersemiotic genre is proposed. Data analysis also led into the characterization of TV ads as a fusion of the advertisement genre itself together with its supporting medium, the television. The analysis of verbal interactions indicates that this genre reflects socio-historical aspects, values and stereotypes of a particular period of time through ideological voices, which are intertwined in discourse. This research confirms that language is a social, historical and ideological phenomenon and that context is very important for the understanding of what is said or of what one wants to say in a television advertisement, which is itself a social utterance (Bakhtin, 1981, 124).
Elbaum, Henry. "Rhetoric and fiction : interaction of verbal genres in the Soviet literature of the twenties and thirties". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75698.
Testo completoThe theme of industrialization is examined in the last two chapters of the thesis in its dialectic interaction with various Neo-Rousseauist conceptions, which either reflect the authors' own ambivalence about socialist construction, or constitute a rhetorical device used in order to reinforce dialogically industrialist ideology.
Ensergueix, Pierre Jean. "La formation au tutorat réciproque entre pairs pour l'acquisition d'habiletés motrices complexes : l'exemple du tennis de table au collège". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21706/document.
Testo completoThis research is a contribution to the identification of efficacy conditions of peer learning strategies in the domain of sport and physical activities. It aims at exploring the interest of a reciprocal peer tutoring training for the acquisition of complex motor skills in table tennis at secondary school level. The theoretical framework is social development and learning psychology. Our empirical intervention considers both a quasi-experimental context (1st study) and a classroom context (2nd study). Together, studies confirm the necessity of preparing students for reciprocal interaction. Participants from the trained tutoring condition got higher motor, (meta)cognitive and socio-emotional gains than those of their counterparts from the untrained tutoring condition. No differences between mixed vs. non-mixed dyads were found and the implementation of the procedure by the teacher himself was in accordance with our expectations. Furthermore, this work intends to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of reciprocal tutoring, using notably an analysis of dyad interactions. Finally, a particular interest is given to details of the training procedures implemented in each context
Blomkvist, Johan. "Genreanalys som en del av designprocessen : En analys av genren Webbaserade Geografiska Informationssystem". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9699.
Testo completoBoverket har huvudansvar för att skapa en portal för samhällsplanering som ska kunna förse kommuner, landsting, företag och privatpersoner med olika typer av kartinformation. Denna portal kallas Planeringsportalen och som ett led i dess utveckling hölls ett designmöte i april 2007. Inför mötet gjordes en analys av diverse förebilder för att beskriva de goda designlösningar som finns i genren WebGIS, enligt förlaga från Lundberg, Holmlid och Arvolas (2007) arbete. Uppsatsen beskriver hur dessa designlösningar kan användas i designen av Planeringsportalen tillsammans med en redogörelse för hur förebilder kan bidra till en bättre designprocess. Genren representeras i arbetet av webbplatserna Eniro, Norge digitalt, RATP samt Mapquest som alla studerats enligt ett formaliserat förfarande. Analysen identifierade ett stort antal goda designlösningar varav en del ansågs passa in i Planeringsportalens designsituation.
Lundberg, Jonas. "Shaping electronic news : A case study of genre perspectives on interaction design". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, MDI - Interaction and Service Design Research Group, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5020.
Testo completoSpilioti, Thiresia. "Text-messages and social interaction : genre, norms and sociability in Greek SMS". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/textmessages-and-social-interaction--genre-norms-and-sociability-in-greek-sms(16072d7d-51d6-47b5-a8d9-7b04cc706b92).html.
Testo completoLatapy-Etcheverry, Marion. "Valoriser la dimension genre dans le processus de conception d'applications interactives". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3035.
Testo completoWith a focus on the problem of interactive applications acceptability for the general public, we propose to enhance the genre dimension as a prescriptive tool, a help to the design of acceptable interactive aplications. The genre dimension is indeed culturally inherent to any communication activity. Genres, as socially established, define communication structures commonly admitted and recognised by the interactants. From the study of genre, we develop a model aiming at characterising the genre in interactive applications. The predominant role of communication observed in this study, leads us to propose a model, derived from the analysis of various linguistic approaches, describing the properties of those communication structures that support interaction. Then we suggest five recurrent stages of applications design to consider genre, implicitly or explicitly, as well as recommendations allowing to better take into account the genre dimension in the design process. We introduce a notation to help the specification of interaction scenarios and facilitate the implementation of these recommendations. Finally, we produce genre-centred evaluation criteria to obtain genre-centred conclusions that can be exploitable during an iterative design approach enhancing genre. We also deliver the results of an experiment based on the design of two concrete applications, using our approach. We assess utility, usability and acceptability, of the resulting applications on the one hand, and of the design means proposed to the design teams so as to enhance the genre dimension, on the other hand
Castello, Edna. "Le Net participatif, levier d’acquisition des littératies traditionnelle et numérique : étude sur deux terrains, en FLE et auprès d'un public migrant faiblement scolarisé". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL007/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this research was to understand and evaluate the use of some sites of the participative web, viewed in their social dimension, to meet the learning needs of learners in language courses. Our study was based on two field experiments conducted on two different types of audiences, one in 2012 and 2013 with French as a Foreign Language (FFL) students at the Alliance française Paris Île-de-France, and another in 2014 with learners with low levels of education at the Cours Municipaux d’Adultes de la Ville de Paris (adult training provider of the City of Paris) in a post–literacy programme. Following a sociocritical approach, we worked on case-based scenarios in which learners were asked to post messages on discussion forums and in the comments section of online magazines on websites such as TripAdvisor, YouTube, Doctissimo and Le Parisien. In a qualitative analysis, we took into account the interactional and social dimensions of the Web 2.0 which are its distinctive features and main advantages. In FFL our experiment enabled us, through an emic approach, to pinpoint some conditions necessary for the effective use of the participative web in language courses, to show the decisive role of culture of use in tool appropriation and to underline the two notions of need and purpose. Our first results led us to show in a second experiment that in post-literacy programmes, the participative websites seemed to answer the needs of learners with low levels of education. Socialization of writing skills and the keen interest these tools arouse in this type of audience were the main factors of improved achievements. The fact that the participative web seemed to improve the performance of reading and writing tasks leads us to formulate the hypothesis that the hybridization of written and oral languages and of language and action found in discussion forum messages and comments section frees this second type of learners from some of the anxieties generally observed at a low education level and helps the writing process. We suggest from our findings that the participative web is a potential lever for the acquisition of traditional and digital literacies in learners with writing skill insecurities, and examine the synergies that could be created in the acquisition of these two literacies. We look into the heuristic value of the participative web in writing-reading skills, regardless of the learner's level of education, and we discuss the benefits of a learner-centered approach
Biagini, Marta. "L'interprète en interaction dans les tribunaux. Une approche dialogique". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030110.
Testo completoOur research focuses on interpreter-mediated examinations as situated oral exchanges and discursive practices in a specific institutional context, i.e. the courtroom. In contemporary societies, among the various situations where interpreters act and dialogue in face-to face interactions, the judiciary context proves to be one of those institutional domains where highly formal and normative practices take place. Examinations are very coded exchanges. Starting from the hypothesis that the tension which develops between laws and norms at work in this frame and the discursive productions by speakers directly dialoguing and interacting, whose representations and goals may consistently differ, may have a double effect on the interpreter-mediated event, we further investigate how : some specific interactional and discourse patterns realize in a such ritualized and normative context, attempting to understand if they are typical of interpreter-mediated interactions in general or of the specific examinations we observe ; and speakers’ identities, institutional roles, their personal goals and the specific themes concerned have an influence on these practices, producing very peculiar and singular patterns of sense-making. Hence, focusing on face-to-face interpreting practices, the dialogical and discourse approach we adopt allows to take into account : from one side, what relates to the dialogal dimension of the interaction, pertaining to a dialogue between two (or more) co-present interlocutors and the definitions of their identities, from what pertains to the dialogical one, having to do with dialogism or dialogicality in the more abstract senses. Given that understanding is related to responding, interpreters are seen as speakers actively involved in dialogue. The ways speakers leave traces of their presence in the utterances they produce, while they’re doing the interacting, and, particularly, the way in which the interpreter’s presence is sensed through thar interlinguistic reformulation of the other’s words which is translation gives access to the way in which sense-making is jointly created in the framework of a highly ritualized activity type such as examinations in the courtroom. In the end, interpreted-mediated examinations may be thought of as changing practices on a more/less continuum, going from : the cases where the interpreter translates as a reporter using the 1st person, using linguistics strategies allowing him/her to assume full responsibility for the words uttered without showing it; to all those cases of variation on the expected pattern which, at different degrees, let emerge his/her presence in the interpreting process; to the production of discourses for which s/he is entirely responsible, acting as a an autonomous speaker. These collectively constructed events may therefore suggest that there is a dynamic relation between expected practices in the discourse context and their actual realization. Interpreter-mediated examinations prove to be per se speech events, namely very specific exchanges with their often hybrid dynamics, within which all interlocutors - including the interpreter – dialogically contribute to understanding and to the creation of meaning
L'Étoile, Jeannine de. "Amorce de caractérisation textuelle du genre Site Web Informatif". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Cerca il testo completoBarat, Myriam. "Interactions plante-insecte, spécialisation et invasion biologique : écologie évolutive des ajoncs (genre Ulex) et de leurs charançons spécifiques (genre Exapion) en Bretagne". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S011.
Testo completoThree gorse species co-exist in Brittany (France), all of them being parasitised by seed-eating weevils. One of them, Ulex europaeus is an invasive plant. I contributed to a long-term study of Ulex europaeus. We have shown that the parasite pressure has a major impact for the plant, which can explain the areas invaded; where specific grazers are absent, it can have an increased competitive advantage. I have enlarged this study to two other gorse species that occur in Brittany: U. Gallii and U. Minor. These species flower in the autumn, and are also parasitised by weevils. I have identified these weevils by using morphological and molecular characters as Exapion lemovicinum. The life cycles and the cold hardiness of these weevils are intimately linked to the phenology of their host plant. The ecological specialisation of the weevils is therefore probably the origin of their differentiation, which could have taken place by temporal isolation by means of a process of sympatric speciation
Varpio, Lara. "Mapping the Genres of Healthcare Information Work: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Interactions Between Oral, Paper, and Electronic Forms of Communication". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2818.
Testo completoThis qualitative study was conducted in two simultaneous stages, over the course of 8 months. Stage one consisted of a visual rhetorical analysis of a set of genres (including the EPR) employed by participants during a specific work activity. Stage two involved an elaborated, qualitative case study consisting of non-participant observations and semi-structured interviews. Stage two used a constructivist grounded theory methodology. A combination of theoretical perspectives -- Visual Rhetoric, Rhetorical Genre Studies, Activity Theory, and Actor-Network Theory -- supported the analysis of study data. This research reveals that participants routinely transformed EPR-based information into paper documents when the EPR's visual designs did not support the professional goals and activities of the participants.
Results indicate that healthcare professionals work around EPR-based patient information when that genre's visual organization is incompatible with professional activities. This study suggests that visual rhetorical analysis, complemented with observation and interview data, can provide useful insights into a genre's social actions. This research also examines the effects of such EPR-to-paper genre transformations. Although at one level of analysis, the EPR-to-paper-genre transformation may be considered inefficient for participants and so should be automated, at another level of analysis, the same transformation activity can be seen as beneficially supporting the detailed reviewing of patient information by healthcare professionals.
To account for this function in the transformation dysfunction, my research suggests that many contextual factors need to be considered during data analysis in order to construct a sufficiently nuanced understanding of a genre's social actions. To accomplish such an analysis, I develop a five-step approach to data analysis called 'context mapping. ' Context mapping examines genres in relation to the varied social contexts in which they are used, the span of social actions in which they are involved, and a range of genres with which they are coordinated. To conduct this analysis, context mapping relies heavily on theories of "genre ecologies" (Spinuzzi, 2003a, 2003b; Spinuzzi, Hart-Davidson & Zachry, 2004; Spinuzzi & Zachry, 2000) and "Knotworking" (Engestrom, Engestrom & Vahaaho, 1999). Context mapping's first three steps compile study data into results that accommodate a wide range of contextual analysis considerations. These three steps involve the use of a composite scenario of observation data, genre ecologies and the description of a starting point for analysis. The final two steps of this approach analyse results using the theory of Knotworking and investigate some of the implications of the patterns of genre use on the ward.
Through context mapping analysis, this study demonstrates that EPR-based innovations created by a study participant could result in the generation of other improvisations, in a range of genres, by the original participant and/or by other collaborators. These genre modifications had ramifications across multiple social contexts and involved a wide range of genres and associated social actions. Context mapping analysis demonstrates how the effects of participant-made EPR-based variations can be considered as having both beneficial and detrimental effects in the research site depending on the social perspective adopted. Contributions from this work are directed towards the fields of Rhetorical Genre Studies, Activity Theory research, and Health Informatics research, as well as to the research site itself. This study demonstrates that context mapping can support text-in-context style research in complex settings as a means for evaluating the effects of genre uses.
Ponte, Costa Sónia Catarina Da. "Etude de l'interaction des bactéries du genre Photorhabdus avec les cellules du système immunitaire". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20197.
Testo completoAs enterobactérias do género Photorhabdus são patogénicas para os insectos e recentemente foram descritas estirpes clínicas da espécies P. Asymbiotica isoladas nos Estados Unidos da América e na Austrália. Consagramo-nos ao estudo de alguns mecanismos de virulência utilizados por Photorhabdus. O genoma P. Luminescens subsp laumondii, estirpe TT01, apresenta um locus que codifica para o sistema de secreção do tipo três e um efector, LopT. Estudamos um novo efector de virulência de P. Luminescens, homólogo de LopT e designado LopT2, mas codificado sobre um vestígio de prófago. Como LopT, LopT2 apresenta uma actividade protease de cisteína, tendo como alvo as proteínas da família das Rho GTPases. LopT2 é produzido in vivo especificamente em órgãos de defesa, sugerindo que este factor de virulência desempenha um papel essencial na inibição das reacções de defesa imunitárias do insecto. Em relação a P. Asymbiotica, o nosso trabalho mostra, pela primeira vez, que se trata de uma bactéria de crescimento intracelular facultativa. As estirpes americanas são fracamente interiorizadas pelos macrófagos THP-1, enquanto que as estirpes australianas penetram facilmente em THP-1 bem como em células não fagocitárias (HeLa). Além disso, apenas as estirpes australianas induzem uma rápida e forte apoptose das células do sistema imunitário de insectos e de mamíferos. Mostramos que a maior virulência das estirpes australianas em relação às células, in vivo, pode estar correlacionada com a maior gravidade dos casos clínicos detectados na Australia, relativamente aos Estados Unidos da América
Azanha, Elizania Fabia de Sousa. "Generos televisivos na escola : a co-construção dos sentidos nas interações de alunos do ensino medio". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269018.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azanha_ElizaniaFabiadeSousa_M.pdf: 949384 bytes, checksum: 9430da9bcf7800d49643e2f36633fc0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: As interações sociais têm sido amplamente estudadas por lingüistas, no Brasil e em outros países. Da mesma forma, encontramos diversos trabalhos que exploram a questão da cognição social, procurando entender como se constroem conhecimentos partilhados e como são utilizados. Nosso trabalho fará uma tentativa de utilizar esses dois conceitos para analisar interações entre alunos do Ensino Médio sobre gêneros televisivos, a que assistiram, em situações por nós propiciadas. Gravamos matérias televisivas e selecionamos gêneros com enfoque para a informação: notícia, comentário e entrevista. Todos apresentados em jornais de grande circulação e em horário nobre, em canal aberto. Solicitamos aos alunos, divididos em três grupos, que assistissem a cada uma das matérias e em seguida comentassem o que haviam compreendido. Esse corpus foi analisado observando-se como compreenderam as matérias através das construções conjuntas de sentido que elaboraram e, ainda, quais as estratégias que utilizaram para demonstrar essa compreensão. Observamos que esses alunos, através da interação, demonstraram compreender as matérias assistidas realizando construções conjuntas, a partir de conhecimentos prévios e uso de recursos como repetições e paráfrases. Concluímos que a interação pode favorecer a construção dos sentidos do texto oral, através de negociações que os indivíduos realizaram buscando apresentar sua compreensão das matérias a que assistiram. E, ainda, que as estratégias de repetição e paráfrase podem, muitas vezes, favorecer essa compreensão por permitir aos informantes, através das retomadas enunciativas, reelaborarem os conteúdos a que assistiram com o intuito de construir novos saberes a partir dos já existentes. Não podemos ignorar o caráter avaliativo presente em muitos dos comentários elaborados pelos alunos nas diferentes interações, o que nos conduz à conclusão de que, quando conhecem o assunto a que assistem consideram-se autorizados a apresentar sua opinião a respeito desse tema. Pretendemos, com nossas análises, apresentar uma possibilidade de trabalho com alunos do Ensino Médio, a partir da mídia televisiva, que trata de gêneros televisivos como objeto de estudo e demonstram a co-construção dos sentidos nas interações propiciadas por esse gênero.
Abstract: The social interaction has been hugely studied by linguistics, in Brazil and in other countries. Likewise, we find several studies that explore the question of social cognition, looking for understanding how communal common grounds are constructed and used. Our paper will try to use both of this concepts to analyze interactions among students of high school level about television genres that they have watched in propitiated situations. We recorded some television programs and we selected genres which focus on information: news, comments and interviews. All of them were presented at newscasts of huge circulation, at nightcast, on open channel. We asked for the pupils, distributed in three groups, to watch each feature and to comment it at following, to show what they had understood. This corpus was analyzed with the goal for seeing how they had comprehended the feature through the common constructions of meaning that they elaborated and, then, which strategies they have used to show this comprehension. We noticed that this students, through the interaction, demonstrate comprehension about the features that they watched, they made common constructions, from their communal common grounds and the use of recourses like repetition and paraphrase. We can conclude that interaction can favor the construction of meanings from oral text, through the negotiation that the individuals made to show their comprehension about the features they had watched. And, still, that the strategies of repetition and paraphrases can, many times, favor that comprehension for letting to the informants re-elaborate the contents that they had watched with the deal of construct new knowledges from those that they have already have, using the enunciative resumed. We can't ignore the evaluated character that it is present at many of the comments elaborated by students in the different interactions, what carry us to the conclusion that when they know the subject that they watch they give theirselves the right to present their opinion about that subject. We intent, with our analysis, present a possibility of work with high school students, from television media, which see the television genres like object of study and demonstrate the co-construction of meanings at interactions propitiated by this genre.
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística
DIMOVA, DILIANA. "La proteine regulatrice argr de bacteries hyperthermophiles du genre thermotoga : clonage, thermostabilite et interactions avec l'adn". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2027.
Testo completoBoissieu, Corinne de. "Le genre scolaire : un effet aveugle de l'acculturation à l'école maternelle? : etude anthropo-didactique des conditions de son émergence". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21680/document.
Testo completoGender equality is a central issue in current memoranda and education policies, and studies shows that the gap still prévails between schoolboys and schoolgirls (in terms of results, orientation, etc.). School gender, as a concept, should help contribute to the discussions on the topic. The study involved children in five pre-school classes (école maternelle) ; it investigates their verbal interactions. Analysing these interactions as well as the positions of children and teachers in the conversational space, these research provides évidence that school gender involves more than merely reproducing gender differences at school. It allows the scholl gender - as a construction - to be defined as a gender-based difference in the position of schoolboys and schoolgirls in the conversational space. It is a specific gender construction, which is achieved within the school culture and leads to distinguishing the categories of male pupils and female pupils. As it examines the aspects of family socialisation, sex, school integration and position whithin the interactive space, the dissertation opens up a new path to be looked into : school gender appears as a result of school integration, which, as it shapes the family habitus, would reinforce or help generating gendered habitus
Naoui, Latifa. "Rapports de place, déplacements discursifs et genres de mise en mots dans des entretiens avec des cadres autour du concept de "culture d'entreprise"". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H025.
Testo completoSpeeches and more precisely corporate culture discourse ar quite often made by speakers who don't speak for themselves but on behalf of the institution whom they are the priviledged spokesmen. This study deals with the position taken by speakers as well as the one that is assigned to their interlocutors. On the basis of three semi-directive interviews made with managers on current topics, we have tried to study the difference between an abstract speech about the institution and the real position of interlocutors. The argumentation strategies analysis allowed us to find out which speakers make discourses in accordance with the institution and those who change position according to the topic or to their interaction progress
Lassudrie, Malwenn. "Effets combinés des dinoflagellés toxiques du genre Alexandrium et d'agents pathogènes sur la physiologie des bivalves". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0113/document.
Testo completoBivalve populations undergo regular epidemics that weaken or decimate exploited stocks and thus limit aquaculture. These diseases are caused mainly by viruses, bacteria or parasites, and occur primarily during spring and summer. This period of the year also provides favorable conditions for toxic dinoflagellate blooms, including species of the genus Alexandrium. Thus, the risk of Alexandrium sp. blooms and infectious diseases co-occurring in bivalves is high. However, these micro-algae synthesize and excrete toxins and cytotoxic compounds responsible for physiological changes in bivalves and could lead to an immuno-compromised status.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the combined effects on bivalve physiology of exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., and infection by pathogens, through the study of different bivalve - pathogen - Alexandrium sp. tripartite interactions. The results of this work highlight the species-specific nature of these impacts.Thus, exposure to Alexandrium catenella reduces the herpesviruses infection in oyster Crassostrea gigas, whereas the dinoflagellate A. fundyense increases the susceptibility of C. virginica oyster to the parasite Perkinsus marinus, probably via immuno-suppression, as suggested by the partial inhibition of hemocyte responses. Additionally, the effect of a toxic algal bloom on oyster susceptibility to opportunistic diseases when exposed to a new microbial environment (simulating a transfer) was evaluated. Hemocyte responses to a changing microbial environment were suppressed by exposure to A. catenella, although no new bacterial infection was detected.Finally, exposure to pathogens or to a new microbial environment interferes with the processes by which oysters exposed to A. catenella accumulate algal toxins, illustrating the complexity of these interactions. These results provide a better understanding of the involvement of toxic algal blooms in the development of diseases affecting commercial bivalve species, but also of the involvement of the bivalve biotic environment in the accumulation of regulated toxins
Zein, Eddine Rima. "Bulinus sp : épidémiologie moléculaire, structure génétique et phylogénie dans trois pays africains : interactions avec le genre Schistosoma". Limoges, 2014. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8dcf63c5-a273-45ac-91f8-269876ee126a/blobholder:0/2014LIMO330C.pdf.
Testo completoThe Bulinus genus acts as intermediate hosts for larval development of the parasite belonging to Schistosoma group (Digenea, Platyhelminthes). Despite their importance in the transmission of these parasites, the evolutionary history of this genus is still not very clear. Development of management plans to control these parasites transmission requires a deeper understanding of the past events that have affected the population diversity and distribution of Bulinus species. The objective of this study was to learn more about the population structure and phylogeny of several Bulinus species originating from different African countries using three types of molecular markers: the partial mitochondrial gene Cox1, the nuclear ribosomal gene (ITS, 18S and 28S), and six microsatellites loci. Concerning the phylogeography of this genus, high levels of genetic diversity were detected in the seven studied species, with clear segregation between individuals and the presence of many haplotypes, even within same species from the same locality. Our results showed lower diversity within B. Truncatus populations in North Africa (Egypt) compared to individuals from Sub-Saharan Africa, which may suggest that B. Truncatus may have colonized Egypt from Sub-Saharan Africa. About the genetic structure of B. Truncatus, high rate of heterozygosity, and strong genetic structure were noted in Egyptian populations of B. Truncatus. This structure is reflected by the existence of four distinct clusters characterized by relatively low gene flew rate between subpopulations. Our work allowed better understanding of phylogeny and genetic structure of this genus. These informations can be used to develop new approach for controlling the parasite transmission
Pezon, Antoine. "Adaptations aux Contraintes de Nidification de Deux Ponérines Sympatriques du Genre Pachycondyla : Territorialité, Émigrations et Interactions Interspécifiques". Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132028.
Testo completoPachycondyla apicalis and P. Obscuricornis exhibit a nest building behavior limited to partial modifications of the nest entrance and the handling of refuse. They nest in preexisting cavities in dead wood. In the forest litter, these sites constitute an unstable resource due to the rapid wood decay or the growth of the colony. These ants are adapted to the constraints imposed by their nesting behavior. P. Apicalis defends its nest by means of a territorial strategy centered on the nest. The two species also discriminate between homo- and heterospecific colonial visas and territorial markings, suggesting a competition for the appropriation of nests. When the nest deteriorates, they develop a sophisticated migratory strategy minimizing the risks incurred by the queens and brood. Finally, the nests present particular conditions favoring the establishment of beneficial facultative associations with gastropods
Vaughan, Misha, e Andrew Dillon. "The Role of genre in shaping our understanding of digital documents". Medford, N.J.: ASIS, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105666.
Testo completoPoliakov, Stéphane. "Interactions esthétiques : les fondements figuratifs du système de Stanislavski". Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/poliakov_s.
Testo completoThe aesthetics of the Russian theatre is based on acting as a pattern for artistic creation. Russian directors established in the XXth century a system on the poetics of acting which is characterized by a terminology, a pedagogical practice. Stanislavski's writings and own evolution in the Moscow Art Theater draw the fundamentals: process and result, art of representation vs. Art of empathy (pereživanie), finality of the super-objective, refusal of convention and clichés, vitalism of impulses, continuity of action. It is possible to rethink this tradition on the basis of figurative categories such as image, design, colour, motion picture film of the role, through-line of action, point and circle of attention. Metaphors of this kind account for figurative impulses in stage directing. The thesis starts with the different meanings of the word "art" within the Russian tradition so as to describe the figurative practices and exercises in the pedagogy of directing. We then explore the relation between theater and painting at the end of the XIXth century in Russia with the birth of Modern style to aim at the figurative culture of Stanislavski himself between realism and vanishing of the human figure though symbolism. Stanislavski's evolution reveals an internalization of figurative categories and practices (such as the drawings in his director's notebooks) in a theory of acting. Thus, image drawing, composition, line, perspective are tools referring to the actor's and director's creativity. Stanislavski's theory allows to figurate the acting. The system itself becomes figurative and spatializes the artistic process and its psychological impulses
Hardion, Laurent. "Evolution et systématique du genre Arundo L. (Poaceae) et conservation d'une endémique ligure : interactions Homme/Biodiversité en Méditerranée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4765.
Testo completoHuman activities have scrambled biodiversity persistence and evolution of Mediterranean species since the Neolithic, inducing various impacts on biodiversity, from reduction to homogenisation. With only three to five species, the Mediterranean and South- Asian genus Arundo L. (Poaceae) well illustrate these Human-Biodiversity interactions. First, the taxonomic mess for almost all Arundo taxa harms the conservation of protected French populations of A. plinii Turra s.l. as much as the biological control of the worldwide invasive A. donax L. The systematic revision of the circum-Mediterranean A. plinii complex in three distinct taxa has distinguished French populations as a Ligurian endemic species, A. donaciformis (Loisel.) Hardion et al. This species was differentiated from its nearest relative, the italo-balkan A. plinii s.s., under the coupled effects of polyploidy and Pleistocene climatic variations. The dominating clonality of the genus and the recent speciation of A. donaciformis have reduced its adaptive potential. Despite its ancient persistence under farmlands, its current urban position on the French Riviera threatens this protected species. Finally, the Persian origin of A. donax and its hypothetic status of archeophyte in the Mediterranean show the essential usefulness of this genus during the development of antic civilisations
Couchot-Schiex, Sigolène Develay Michel. "Contributions aux effets du genre de l'enseignant en EPS". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/schiex_s.
Testo completoCaillier, Jacky. "Analyse du développement social, cognitif et langagier d'élèves en interaction dans des dispositifs de tutorat et débat entre pairs, et du point de vue des enseignants sur ces genres scolaires". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30044.
Testo completoThis thesis intends to demonstrate how school learners, when placed within the situation of interactive pair work, allow themselves to be autonomous and creative while experimenting their linguistic powers over others as well as over themselves, in so doing reaching a higher degree of reflexivity. In an approach inspired by pragmatism, ethnomethodology and conversational analysis, one must consider the cognitive social linguistic activities of the pupils who build their identities of school learners in modifying their own culture through interaction with other cultures: their teacher's culture but the cultures of school, class, peers, family as well. Having determined how a methodological device can allow pupils to express themselves, which skills, knowledge and attitudes are required and developed by the pupil placed in the position of a recognized speaker, we will analyse how the teacher will start this process of devolution by withdrawing humself volontarily, thus creating a space available for exchanges which will give preference to pairwork interaction. In so doing, we will analyse a corpus comprising the transcription of linguistic interactions within the framework of tutorship and debate within peers as well as the reports of teachers who have put these methods into practice in their classes. We will pursue with the analysis of the point of view expressed by teachers on this form of devolution. We will conclude with questioning these school activities from the point of view of facilitating the exchanges of knowledge within the class and the construction of the school learner communicating within the learning community
Vinson, Martine. "Sous la dynamique non verbale des intéractions didactiques, le genre : analyse de l'action conjointe du professeur et des élèves : deux études de cas en EPS". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860894.
Testo completoRoy, Lise. "Ecologie évolutive d'un genre d'acarien hématophage : approche phylogénétique des délimitations interspécifiques et caractérisation comparative des populations de cinq espèces du genre Dermanyssus (Acari : Mesostigmata)". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005531.
Testo completoKavallieratou, Anastasia. "Utilizing balance theory, parasocial interaction theory and genre theory in evaluating product placement effects on consumer attitudes". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57130/.
Testo completoCoelho, Irene da Silva. "Hibridismo do gênero crônica: discursividade e autoria em produções do E.F.II". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-05022010-110307/.
Testo completoIn a theoretical perspective which started from the presuppositions of Bakhtin (2000), Vygotsky (1996), extend as far as Bronckart (1999), Dolz and Schneuwly (2004) reports an educational experience applied to pupils of the 8th grades on fundamental teaching with the chronicle genre, considered a way that can be used to improve writing skills and also pupils criticism, in other words, to the development of discursive language ability of these pupils. For Schneuwly (2002), this apprenticeship depends on the appropriation of the writing tools and on the elements of this genre and their relations. Regarding the chronicle, aspects are identified, in the linguistic materiality of the produced texts, the tools show some of the aspects relating to the context of the production: enunciatively and organizational aspects, which concern the semantic and language discursive dimension. It was checked that chronicle genre is one of the tools that let the pupils express their own opinions, analyze the facts around them and improve their writing skills. In the pupils\' productions they were obvious: their positioning, their intentions - the actions can be carried out by the language use and the different effects of the produced sense. This paper was developed by an educational sequence that aims to point out the characteristics of the genre and makes pupils think about the different ways of genre organizing. The analysis of chronicles produced by the pupils revealed the assimilation of these characteristics and the authorship and style registration. For Bronckart, the textual genre shows us knowledge available in the intertext and they were prepared by previous or contemporary generations, on a semiotics way.
Fouret, Julien. "Apport de la phylogénomique pour l’étude des interactions moléculaires entre Henipavirus et leurs réservoirs : les chauves-souris du genre Pteropus". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN087.
Testo completoBats represent a considerable reservoir for an extensive group of human pathogenic viruses. A number of molecular evolution studies points toward the evidence of a strong selection pressure in Chiroptera immune-related genes. Notably, Pteropus bats host viruses from Henipavirus genus: Nipah and Hendra. These viruses are responsible for epidemics in South-Est Asia, and, while the incidence is low, the resulting diseases are highly lethal, ranging between 40 to 90% in humans. Most of mammals are susceptible to the infection (including pigs and horses, animals valued in agronomy), and develop severe clinical symptoms. Specificity of Pteropus genus lies in the absence of clinical symptoms following the infection. In order to identify the genetic basis of this interesting phenomenon, we applied positive selection analysis to the entire coding genome, without bounding our analysis to immune-regulating genes. We have set breakthrough computational tools, without which our analysis would not have been possible. Reference sequences from genome of several species are the groundwork for our analysis. As P. giganteus reference genome has not yet been resolved, we sequenced and assembled it. However, not all genes under positive selection are necessarily linked to a phenotype of interest, but may be linked to other phenotypes (such as the flying ability). We have thus developed an algorithm to establish a possible functional link between the genes identified under positive selection and a phenotype of interest, which allows new perspectives in phylogenomic research
Bui, Oanh-Hang. "Silences, interruptions et inachévements dans les interactions verbales : Une application au texte théâtral". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEL184.
Testo completoThis work is devoted to the study of silences, interruptions and incompletions in the verbal interactions and vise to a synthetic study of the aspects concerning these linguistic facts. Our object consist in bringings to the fore the silence, in replacing it in a whole, in unifying it in a linguistic and enunciation system, so as finally a place in the linguistic to be attribued to it. This research permit us to make observations in the three following points. The silence is a fondamental element of language, an element that has its own meaning, capable of translating the awareness, because the speech in the most of the times is incapable of indicating the awareness. N. Sarraute, author of theater, knew to discover the communicative meaning of silence in the language; his notation work permit us to notice, among other thing, the weakness of the typographiol means concerning the translation of silence in writing. Our last observation concern the contribution of the silence in communication and in didactic : the silence is to be exploited in the domain of didactic, with the object of an amelioration of language learning of french like a foreign language
Rouil, Jeff. "Évolution et dynamique du système di-symbiotique chez les pucerons du genre Cinara". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSAM0004.
Testo completoThe existence of multi-symbiotic systems has been demonstrated in several aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and more particularly in species of the genus Cinara. The taxonomic caracterisation of the symbionts present in about sixty species of Cinara has made it possible to determine that Serratia symbiotica is the most frequently found bacterium as an obligatory secondary symbiont. Furthermore, the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of symbiotic associations in Cinara species suggests an ancestral acquisition of Serratia symbiotica as an obligate co-symbiont, although the presence of other bacteria in some species indicates that replacement events have occurred. More recently, genome analysis of Serratia symbiotica strains associated have shown that these symbionts exhibit different genomic characteristics ranging and variations in their shape and localisation in bacteriocytes. These data seem to show a gradient of changes in the transition from a facultative life-style to obligate endosymbiont in which we observe all of the (now obligate) co-symbionts of Cinara. During this phd, using phylogenomics, we inferred the evolutionary history of Serratia symbiotica within Cinara and highlighted multiple independent acquisitions of this bacterium as a co-obligate symbiont of Cinara. These transitions from facultative to obligate life-style are associated with genome reductions and low G-C content that are more or less important depending on the lineage, revealing the relative age of the symbiotic association with Serratia. Among the inferred acquisition events, one in particular led to co-speciation over about 20 Ma of the three partners of the nutritional symbiosis (Cinara, Buchnera and Serratia). In this clade, we observed stable cellular and genomic structures with highly reduced genomes and low G-C content for both co-symbionts. Furthermore, the analysis of the substitution rates of each partner allowed us to describe for the first time a parallel evolution between the two symbionts and their host. Further analysis of the gene composition of the co-symbiotic bacteria in this clade revealed strong complementation for the production of nutrients required by the host. Furthermore, the analysis of their set of genes revealed that they are under strong purifying selection. In addition an experimental approach aimed at quantifying the symbionts during development on three Cinara species suggest that aphid species differ in their capacity to regulate the co-symbiont Serratia. This difference is observed between two Cinara species for which the Serratia originated from independent acquisitions and in which its localisation is different. Finally, a genomic comparison analysis on APSE phages (integrated bacteriophage) present in Cinara co-symbionts and providing defence against parasitoids allowed a description the diversity of APSEs and their genome evolution in aphids. This analysis also showed that mobile elements could play a role in the acquisition of new genes in the defensive toxin cassette. Altogether, this study reveals a dynamic multi-partner endosymbiosis where the new partner is recurrently replace
Escoffier, Sandrine. "Dyade et enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère aux adultes : étude d'un genre didactique". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030043.
Testo completoThe didatic dyad is a relation established between a teacher and a single student. In this research, we analyze dyades within a French foreign language course observed in a private training institute. The study is based on a corpus of four sessions with four different adult students. Each student had completed about thirty hours of course work at the time of the recordings. We initially analyze the framework, the scene of the courses and the roles of the actors through the sociology goffmanienne. Indeed these dyadic courses are not conducted in rooms adapted to groups (classes) but in rooms of the size of an office conceived for this relation. Ethnomethodology is used to collect the ethnomethodes implemented by the actors in order to conform to the dyadic situation and to make it function as a didactic situation. Following this first approach to the dyad, the corpus is analyzed using the tools of conversational analysis in order to study the actions of teaching/learning and to see how teacher and student co-build their roles. Lastly, we analyze the phases of variation identified in the interaction. They are periods during which the social character of the student and the theacher appear in the didactic interaction. These periods, which are caused by a too intense cognitive load for the student and the monotony of the rythms of interactions, generate changes in the contents and the management of the interaction, in particular the distribution of the turn taking. Thus, we study the dyadic relation in a complete way from the perspective which includes the management of the relation of the roles and the face of each participant
Piazza, Roberta. "Dialogue and Genre in Italian Cinema after the War. A Study of the Representation of Verbal Interaction in Films". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487006.
Testo completoHultin, Eva. "Samtalsgenrer i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning : en ämnesdidaktisk studie". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-704.
Testo completoBerton, Bettina. "Le débat philosophique à l’école primaire : une identité en construction". Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30026/document.
Testo completoDifferent practices of termed philosophical debates have been developing in French primary schools for about fifteen years, whose identity must be outlined, with a didactic analysis. The latter enables us to understand whether they build up as disciplinary type or if they avoid all disciplinary dimension. One stake is to determine if the social construction of these practices puts them in the school organization according to disciplines or whether, on the contrary, they contribute to its questioning. The sudy is led through clarifying their context of emergence, the sources they refer to, by examining their contents and boundaries, as well as the different areas where they take place, that is recommendations and classroom practices. The exploration of proposals made by their exponents, the discourses of the teachers who implement them and classroom situations as well as language interaction, show that these practices do not mainly entrench in a school discipline that is existing, renewed or to be constituted.They elicit speculation about the nature of the type and the learning targeted. They show a non-disciplinary and, in some aspects, out-of-school type and they do not seem to be able to identify the making of a "teaching object"
Barbot, Vanessa. "Implication des levures du genre Candida et des amibes libres dans le risque infectieux lié à l'eau – contexte des soins dentaires". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1404/document.
Testo completoMicrobial contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUW) is known since the 60's. Water circulates throughout DUW with environmental conditions encouraging biofilm development (low flow, surface material, stagnation). This biofilm, which is a reservoir of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, may represent an infectious risk for patients and dental staff exposed to water and aerosols generated during dental cares, in particular for immunocompromised persons. Micro-organisms coming from water, such as free-living amoebae (FLA), may be isolated in this biofilm. Protozoa belonging to Acanthamoeba or Hartmannella genera are ubiquitous in the environment; they are known to be opportunistic pathogens for Human (keratitis, meningo-encephalitis), to encourage intracellular development of some pathogenic micro-organisms (for example: Legionella pneumophila), and they have already been isolated in DUW.On the other hand, micro-organisms coming from the oral cavity of an infected patient may also be isolated in DUW water, mixed with saliva traces and/or blood, mainly because of the dysfunction or the poor maintenance of anti-retraction valves. Candida yeasts colonize human's oral cavity and digestive tract as commensals or opportunistic pathogens, thus implicated in oro-pharyngeal infections; they are sometimes isolated in DUW.This work focused first on the study of the survival capacity of two species of FLA: A. castellanii and H. vermiformis, and three species of yeasts: C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, in water, with or without saliva. Results showed that the addition of saliva permitted both survival and proliferation of all three tested Candida species whereas no effect was observed on FLA growth. Then, interactions have been demonstrated between FLA and yeasts: A. castellanii were able to internalize and then digest the three tested yeasts species, inducing their rapid degradation, independently of saliva presence. Conversely, H. vermiformis were able to promote Candida survival and proliferation in water, with or without saliva.Finally, in order to prevent and fight against infectious risk associated with DUW water, the efficacy of commonly used chemical treatments: chlorine (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Oxygenal 6©, was studied against the three species of Candida and the two species of FLA. These treatments showed a variable efficacy: chlorine was effective only using the highest tested concentrations (> 14 ppm), which are not compatibles with DUW use. H2O2 displayed no significant activity in the experimental conditions (0.07% to 0.9% v/v). Oxygenal 6© seemed to be the more effective for eradication of Candida yeasts and FLA, in water (even with 0.05% v/v)
Heurdier, Julien. "Usages syntaxiques et dialogue parent-enfant. Etude de dyades mère-enfant et père-enfant dans deux activités ludiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA039.
Testo completoMany researchers have studied lexical and pragmatic-discursive particularities of the language that parents use to address their young child. A literature review shows that there are both differences and similarities between mothers and fathers. However, characteristics of the language that parents use for addressing their child have rarely been studied. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies examining the effects on the child’s syntactic development of dialogue, speech genres and activities during which parent-child dyads interact.This thesis has three goals: i) improve understanding of differences and similarities in the syntactic and pragmatic-discursive aspects of maternal and paternal language and their effect on the child’s language, ii) evaluate the effect of the ongoing activity on the production and the use of mother-child and father-child dyads, iii) investigate the relation between syntactic and pragmatic-discursive dimensions during the language learning process.Seven 3-4 years old native French-speaking children and their parents were observed during two activities: a symbolic play and a picture card game. The syntactic dimensions of their productions were analyzed while considering certain discursive and pragmatic properties related to the use of these productions (status of the child’s interlocutor, type of activity and pragmatic-discursive aspects). Our results suggest that the status of the child’s interlocutor, associated with the type of activity and the dialogue’s specificities, form a body of variables that should be taken into account in order to better describe children’s syntactic uses and their variability
Campani, Daiana. "Questões para além da didatização do gênero:um olhar para o ensino de pontuação em seqüência didática sobre o gênero textual conto humorístico infantil". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2005. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2544.
Testo completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Na área de ensino de língua materna, vários trabalhos vêm discutindo questões relacionadas à didatização do gênero. Um ponto, entretanto, pouco tem sido contemplado: a relação entre gênero e elementos de estruturação lingüística. Dolz e Schneuwly (2004) são bastante enfáticos a esse respeito ao afirmarem que uma seqüência didática não deve contemplar itens de estruturação de línguas, entre os quais está incluída a pontuação. Tais conhecimentos, segundo os autores, precisam ser construídos em outros momentos, tratando-se, nas seqüências, apenas das características específicas do gênero escolhido. Esta dissertação objetiva fazer avançar a reflexão sobre a possibilidade de um item de estruturação de língua como a pontuação, por ser necessário à constituição de determinado gênero, fazer parte da seqüência que o explore. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma proposta de ensino de língua materna que buscou incluir o estudo da pontuação em seqüência didática sobre o gênero textual conto humorí
In the research field of first language acquisition, several studies have discussed issues related to the approaching of genres in the classroom. One issue, however, has not completely been dealt with: the relation between genre and elements of the linguistic structure. Dolz and Schneuwly (2004) strongly claim that a didactic sequence does not have to embrace items of the linguistic structuring, within which punctuation is included. Such a knowledge, they argue, have to be constructed in different moments. In the sequences, only the specific features of the selected genre should be dealt with. This dissertation aims at advancing the reflection upon the possibility of an item of the linguistic structuring, such as punctuation, be part of the sequence that explores a certain genre, since punctuation is considered necessary for the constitution of the genre. In this way, this study presents the result of a proposal for the first language classroom that tried to include punctuation as an item to be studied in a d
Limonet, Maxime. "Interactions entre peptides biocides et membranes bactériennes : influence des deux mésentérocines produites par Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp : mesenteroides FR52 sur des souches cibles sensibles ou résistantes des genres Leuconostoc et Weissella". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL064N.
Testo completoFletgen, Mélissa. "Les interactions sociales au sein des jeux de rôle en ligne massivement multijoueur". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0137.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to discuss the multiple social interactions that are created between people playing MMORPGs. The chosen process is to try and better understand the kind of virtual universe where theses exchanges take place, and of course to study them in-depth, without neglecting gender questions. This research is constructed around several themes, such as socialization, identity and learning. From discovering the game, and meeting others, to the priviledged exchanges among fellow members of a community, this thesis takes the reader to a trip into Star Wars The Old Republic with a purpose : understand the specificities of the exchanges between players, and especially underline the importance of video game as social space