Bibliografie tematiche / Intentional memory processes

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Boot, Walter R., Jason S. Mccarley, Arthur F. Kramer e Matthew S. Peterson. "Automatic and intentional memory processes in visual search". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11, n. 5 (ottobre 2004): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196712.

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Buckner, Randy L., Mark E. Wheeler e Margaret A. Sheridan. "Encoding Processes during Retrieval Tasks". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, n. 3 (1 aprile 2001): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290151137430.

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Episodic memory encoding is pervasive across many kinds of task and often arises as a secondary processing effect in tasks that do not require intentional memorization. To illustrate the pervasive nature of information processing that leads to epeisodic encoding, a form of incidental encoding was explored based on the “Testing” phenomenon: The incidental-encoding task was an episodic memory retrieval task. Behavioral data showed that performing a memory retrieval task was as effedctive as intentional instructions at promoting episodic encoding. During fMRI imaging, subjedcts veiewed old and new words adn indicated whether they remembered them. Relevant to encoding, the fate of the new words was examined using a second, surprise test of recognition after the imaging session, fMRI analysis of those new words that were later remembered revealed greater activity in left frontal regions than those that were later forgotten-the same pattern of results as previously observed for traditional incidental and intentional episodic encoding tasks. This finding may offer a partial explanation for why repeated testing improves memory performance. Furthermore, the observation of correlates of episodic memory encoding during retrieval tasks challenges some interpretations that aris from direct comparisons between: encoding tasks and “retrieval tasks” in imaging data. Encoding processes and their neural correlates may arise in many tasks, even those nominally labeled as retrieval tasks by the experimenter.

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Mccarley, J. S., A. F. Kramer, W. R. Boot e A. M. Colcombe. "Automatic and intentional memory processes in saccade target selection". Journal of Vision 3, n. 9 (18 marzo 2010): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.693.

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Holliday, Robyn E., e Brett K. Hayes. "Dissociating Automatic and Intentional Processes in Children's Eyewitness Memory". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 75, n. 1 (gennaio 2000): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2521.

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Barel, Efrat, e Orna Tzischinsky. "The Relation between Sustained Attention and Incidental and Intentional Object-Location Memory". Brain Sciences 10, n. 3 (4 marzo 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030145.

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The role of attention allocation in object-location memory has been widely studied through incidental and intentional encoding conditions. However, the relation between sustained attention and memory encoding processes has scarcely been studied. The present study aimed to investigate performance differences across incidental and intentional encoding conditions using a divided attention paradigm. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine the relation between sustained attention and incidental and intentional object-location memory performance. Based on previous findings, an all women sample was recruited in order to best illuminate the potential effects of interest. Forty-nine women participated in the study and completed the psychomotor vigilance test, as well as object-location memory tests, under both incidental and intentional encoding divided attention conditions. Performance was higher in the incidental encoding condition than in the intentional encoding condition. Furthermore, sustained attention correlated with incidental, but not with intentional memory performance. These findings are discussed in light of the automaticity hypothesis, specifically as it regards the role of attention allocation in encoding object-location memory. Furthermore, the role of sustained attention in incidental memory performance is discussed in light of previous animal and human studies that have examined the brain regions involved in these cognitive processes. We conclude that under conditions of increased mental demand, executive attention is associated with incidental, but not with intentional encoding, thus identifying the exact conditions under which executive attention influence memory performance.

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Bergström, Zara M., David G. Williams, Mariam Bhula e Dinkar Sharma. "Unintentional and Intentional Recognition Rely on Dissociable Neurocognitive Mechanisms". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, n. 11 (novembre 2016): 1838–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01010.

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Distractibility can lead to accidents and academic failures as well as memory problems. Recent evidence suggests that intentional recognition memory can be biased by unintentional recognition of distracting stimuli in the same environment. It is unknown whether unintentional and intentional recognition depend on the same underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. We assessed whether human participants' recognition of previously seen (old) or not seen (new) target stimuli was affected by whether a to-be-ignored distractor was old or new. ERPs were recorded to investigate the neural correlates of this bias. The results showed that the old/new status of salient distractors had a biasing effect on target recognition accuracy. Both intentional and unintentional recognition elicited early ERP effects that are thought to reflect relatively automatic memory processes. However, only intentional recognition elicited the later ERP marker of conscious recollection, consistent with previous suggestions that recollection is under voluntary control. In contrast, unintentional recognition was associated with an enhanced late posterior negativity, which may reflect monitoring or evaluation of memory signals. The findings suggest that unintentional and intentional recognition involve dissociable memory processes.

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Johansson, Tobias. "Modeling test learning and dual-task dissociations". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, n. 5 (15 giugno 2020): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01761-4.

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Abstract Much of cognitive psychology is premised on the distinction between automatic and intentional processes, but the distinction often remains vague in practice and alternative explanations are often not followed through. For example, Hendricks, Conway and Kellogg (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 491–1500, 2013) found that dual tasks at training versus at test dissociated performance in two different artificial grammar learning tasks. This was taken as evidence for underlying automatic and intentional processes. In this article, a different explanation is considered based on test learning and similarity, where participants are assumed to update their knowledge at test. Contrasting formal memory models of test learning are implemented, and it is concluded that the models account for the relevant dissociations without assuming a distinction between automatic and intentional processes.

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Rizio, Avery A., e Nancy A. Dennis. "The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Control: Successful Remembering and Intentional Forgetting". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, n. 2 (febbraio 2013): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00310.

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The ability to control how we process information by remembering that which is important and forgetting that which is irrelevant is essential to maintain accurate, up-to-date memories. As such, memory success is predicated on both successful intentional encoding and successful intentional forgetting. The current study used an item-method directed forgetting paradigm to elucidate the cognitive and neural processes that underlie both processes while also examining the relationship between them to understand how the two may work together. Results indicated that encoding-related processes in the left inferior PFC and medial-temporal lobe (MTL) contribute to subsequent memory success, whereas inhibitory processes in the right superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobe contribute to subsequent forgetting success. Furthermore, connectivity analyses found a negative correlation between activity in the right superior frontal cortex and activity in the left MTL during successful intentional forgetting but not during successful encoding, incidental forgetting, or incidental encoding. Results support the theory that intentional forgetting is mediated by inhibition-related activity in the right frontal cortex and the interaction of this activity with that of encoding-related activity in the MTL. Further support for this inhibitory-related account was found through a clear dissociation between intentional and incidental forgetting, such that intentional forgetting was associated with regions shown to support inhibition, whereas incidental forgetting was associated with regions supporting encoding.

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Holliday, Robyn E., e Brett K. Hayes. "Automatic and intentional processes in children's recognition memory: the reversed misinformation effect". Applied Cognitive Psychology 16, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.789.

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Kompus, Kristiina, Tom Eichele, Kenneth Hugdahl e Lars Nyberg. "Multimodal Imaging of Incidental Retrieval: The Low Route to Memory". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, n. 4 (aprile 2011): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21494.

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Memories of past episodes frequently come to mind incidentally, without directed search. It has remained unclear how incidental retrieval processes are initiated in the brain. Here we used fMRI and ERP recordings to find brain activity that specifically correlates with incidental retrieval, as compared to intentional retrieval. Intentional retrieval was associated with increased activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. By contrast, incidental retrieval was associated with a reduced fMRI signal in posterior brain regions, including extrastriate and parahippocampal cortex, and a modulation of a posterior ERP component 170 msec after the onset of visual retrieval cues. Successful retrieval under both intentional and incidental conditions was associated with increased activation in the hippocampus, precuneus, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as increased amplitude of the P600 ERP component. These results demonstrate how early bottom–up signals from posterior cortex can lead to reactivation of episodic memories in the absence of strategic retrieval attempts.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Kliegl, Oliver [Verfasser], e Karl-Heinz T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bäuml. "On the cognitive processes mediating intentional memory updating / Oliver Kliegl. Betreuer: Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038092477/34.

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Clark, Michael. "Working Memory Processes in the Encoding of Intentions". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4629/.

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The primary interest of this investigation concerned working memory functioning and cue/act discrimination during encoding of intentions. The study included manipulations of working memory and intention load to investigate the encoding processes related to prospective memory (PM). Three experiments are presented that involve working memory distraction tasks at the time of encoding the PM intentions, as well as varying numbers of cues and actions. In the first experiment three cues were paired with one action, in the second, one cue with three actions, and in the third, three cues with three actions. Results suggest that the central executive is involved in binding a cue to an action, and that this operation is key to PM success. Furthermore, the phonological loop seems primarily involved with processing of cues and the visuospatial sketchpad with actions. It is further proposed that the processes of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad must be successful before the central executive can bind the cues and acts together, which is possibly the most important part in the encoding of intentions. By directly examining PM at the time of encoding, information was gained that allows for a more complete understanding of the nature of how we form and execute intentions.

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Henning, Matthias. "Preparation for lane change manoeuvres: Behavioural indicators and underlying cognitive processes". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201001033.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Erforschung der Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Interaktion mit dem Ziel der Fahrerabsichtserkennung bei Spurwechselmanövern. Diese Fahrmanöver sind mit einer überproportionalen Unfallhäufigkeit verbunden, die sich in den Unfallstatistiken widerspiegelt. Laut Statistischem Bundesamt (2008) kamen im Jahr 2007 12,0% (1857) aller Unfälle mit schwerem Sachschaden auf Autobahnen in Deutschland aufgrund von Zusammenstößen mit seitlich in die gleiche Richtung fahrenden Fahrzeugen zustande (S. 65). Mit Hilfe der Information über einen intendierten Spurwechsel kann ein System an das zukünftige Fahrerverhalten angepasst werden, um so die Funktionalität und damit das Sicherheitspotential des Gesamtsystems zu erhöhen. Zusätzlich können mit dieser Information auch unerwünschte Systemeingriffe unterdrückt werden, die den Fahrer stören und so zu einer Minderung der Akzeptanz des jeweiligen Fahrerassistenz- und Informationssystems führen könnten. So kann einerseits ein Assistenzsystem eingeschaltet werden, das den Spurwechsel erleichtert (z.B. Side Blind Zone Alert, Kiefer & Hankey, 2008). Zum anderen kann ein Assistenzsystem abgeschaltet werden, das den Fahrer irrtümlich warnen würde, wie zum Beispiel ein Spurverlassenswarner im Falle eines beabsichtigten Überfahrens der Fahrspur (Henning, Beyreuther et al., 2007). In diesem Zusammenhang bilden drei Untersuchungen das Herzstück der vorliegenden Arbeit. In einer Feldstudie untersuchten Henning, Georgeon, Dapzol und Krems (2009) Indikatoren, die auf die Vorbereitung eines Spurwechsels hindeuten und fanden dabei vor allem Blickverhalten in den linken Außenspiegel als einen geeigneten und sehr frühen Indikator. Dieser dient wahrscheinlich vor allem dem Aufbau einer mentalen Repräsentation des rückwärtigen Verkehrs. In einer anschließenden Fahrsimulatorstudie wurde experimentell erforscht, wie diese mentale Repräsentation beschaffen ist und in welchen Komponenten des Arbeitsgedächtnisses sie gespeichert wird (Henning, Beyreuther, & Krems, 2009). In einer dritten Studie, bestehend aus zwei Laborexperimenten, wurde nach einer Schwelle für den Übergang von einer statischen in eine dynamische mentale Repräsentation sich nähernder Fahrzeuge mit Hilfe des Paradigmas des Representational Momentum (Freyd & Finke, 1984) gesucht und ebenfalls deren Lokalisation im Arbeitsgedächtnis erforscht (Henning & Krems, 2009). Die den drei Manuskripten vorangestellte Einleitung dient der allgemeinen Einführung in das Thema und der Einordnung der Befunde. Dabei wird zuerst der Spurwechselprozess dargestellt, gefolgt von einer Diskussion der zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse und einem Exkurs über die Möglichkeiten der Spurwechselabsichtserkennung und deren Verbesserung im Lichte der Befunde.

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Holliday, Robyn Elizabeth. "Dissociating Automatic and Intentional Processes in Children’s Eyewitness Suggestibility". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25005.

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The chief aim of this dissertation was to establish the respective contributions of automatic and intentional memory processes to misinformation effects in 5-, 8-, and 9-year-old children. In the first two experiments children were presented with a picture story followed by misleading post-event details that were either read to participants, or were self-generated in response to semantic and perceptual hints. Children were then presented with original and suggested items and given a yes / no recognition test under inclusion or exclusion instructions. The application of Jacoby’s (1991) process dissociation procedure to children’s recognition performance revealed that the contribution of intentional processing to misinformation acceptance increased following the self-generation of suggestions. Automatic processing made a strong contribution to misinformation effects regardless of the way that misinformation was encoded. Experiment 3 extended this general pattern of results to a forced choice recognition paradigm. Experiment 4 examined the role of social demand factors in children’s suggestibility using Belli’s (1989) yes / no retrieval paradigm. Little evidence of an influence of social demand on children’s suggestible responses was found with automatic processes again the predominant factor determining suggestibility. In the final experiment, the temporal order of the original and post-event phases was reversed such that 5-year-olds were initially presented with a post-event summary containing misinformation, followed by a witnessed event. The results of this study confirmed that children’s suggestions were unlikely to be the result of trace alteration or social demand. The implications of the findings for theoretical accounts of the misinformation effect in children’s recognition and for children’s eyewitness testimony are discussed.
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Holliday, Robyn Elizabeth. "Dissociating Automatic and Intentional Processes in Children’s Eyewitness Suggestibility". 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25005.

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Holliday, Robyn Elizabeth. "Dissociating automatic and intentional processes in children's eyewitness suggestibility". Diss., 1999. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/service/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20060718.112231/index.html.

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Justice, L. V., Catriona M. Morrison e M. A. Conway. "Intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13161.

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Yes
Participants generated both autobiographical memories (AMs) that they believed to be true and intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories (IFAMs). Memories were constructed while a concurrent memory load (random 8-digit sequence) was held in mind or while there was no concurrent load. Amount and accuracy of recall of the concurrent memory load was reliably poorer following generation of IFAMs than following generation of AMs. There was no reliable effect of load on memory generation times; however, IFAMs always took longer to construct than AMs. Finally, replicating previous findings, fewer IFAMs had a field perspective than AMs, IFAMs were less vivid than AMs, and IFAMs contained more motion words (indicative of increased cognitive load). Taken together, these findings show a pattern of systematic differences that mark out IFAMs, and they also show that IFAMs can be identified indirectly by lowered performance on concurrent tasks that increase cognitive load.

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Henning, Matthias. "Preparation for lane change manoeuvres: Behavioural indicators and underlying cognitive processes". Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19353.

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Libri sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Brigard, Felipe De. Memory and the Intentional Stance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367511.003.0005.

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Despite Dennett’s vast scholarship, he seemed to only have directly addressed the topic of memory in a relatively unknown coauthored article published in a somewhat obscure volume. The current chapter attempts to reconstruct the ideas from this old article, and argues that it offers a viable and coherent view of episodic memory with substantial empirical support. Specifically, the chapter uncovers three empirically supported theses. A functional thesis, according to which our memory system not only processes information about past events but also uses this information to construct useful anticipations of possible future events. A computational thesis, according to which statistical regularities, along with individual limitations and goals, probabilistically constrain the search space examined during memory retrieval. And a metaphysical thesis, according to which memories do not exist as subpersonal-level brain structures encoding particular intentional contents but rather as personal-level psychological phenomena only accessible from the intentional stance.

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Soto, David, e Glyn W. Humphreys. Working Memory Biases in Human Vision. A cura di Anna C. (Kia) Nobre e Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.038.

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The current conceptualization of working memory highlights its pivotal role in the cognitive control of goal-directed behaviour, for example, by keeping task-priorities and relevant information ‘online’. Evidence has accumulated, however, that working memory contents can automatically misdirect attention and observers can only exert little intentional control to overcome irrelevant contents held in memory that are known to be misleading for behaviour. The authors discuss extant evidence on this topic and argue that obligatory functional coupling between working memory and attentional selection reflects a default property of the brain which is hardwired in overlapping substrates for memory and perception. They further argue that the neuroanatomical substrates for working memory biases in vision are distinct from the classical fronto-parietal networks involved in attentional control and distinct from the mechanisms that mediate attention biases from long-term memory. Finally the authors present emerging evidence that working memory ‘guiding’ processes may operate outside conscious awareness.

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Sahakyan, Lili, e Nathaniel L. Foster. The Need for Metaforgetting. A cura di John Dunlosky e Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.26.

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Theories of metamemory are primarily concerned with mechanisms that improve memory; they do not account for processes that reduce accessibility of unwanted information, as in intentional forgetting. The chapter proposes that introducing separate terms like metaremembering and metaforgetting highlights the distinction between remembering and forgetting as different dimensions of memory. It reviews empirical evidence from directed forgetting studies. List-method directed forgetting depends on engaging active forgetting strategies, indicating the importance of control in successful intentional forgetting. The decision to engage in forgetting strategies, in turn, is affected by memory monitoring as evidenced through preexisting confidence about one’s own memory ability, as well as judgments of learning solicited during the task. In item-method directed forgetting, participants control rehearsal by selectively retrieving earlier items believed to be more memorable, even when such beliefs are illusory. The chapter discusses the role of metacognitive monitoring and control in these active forms of forgetting.

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Heylighen, Francis, e Shima Beigi. Mind Outside Brain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801764.003.0005.

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We approach the problem of the extended mind from a radically non-dualist perspective. The separation between mind and matter is an artifact of the mechanistic worldview, which leaves no room for mental phenomena such as agency, intentionality, or experience. We propose to replace it by an action ontology, which conceives mind and matter as aspects of the same network of processes. By adopting the intentional stance, we interpret the catalysts of elementary reactions as agents exhibiting desires, intentions, and sensations. Autopoietic networks of reactions constitute more complex super-agents, which exhibit memory, deliberation and sense-making. In the case of social networks, individual agents coordinate their actions via the propagation of challenges. The distributed cognition that emerges cannot be situated in any individual brain. This non-dualist, holistic view extends and operationalizes process metaphysics and Eastern philosophies. It is supported by both mindfulness experiences and mathematical models of action, self-organization, and cognition.

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Smith, Rebekah E. Prospective Memory. A cura di John Dunlosky e Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.9.

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Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action when there is a delay between forming the intention to act and the point at which the action can be carried out. The distinction between time- and event-based prospective memory, the typical laboratory paradigm, and the concept of cost as a measure of the extent to which attention is allocated to the prospective memory task at the expense of other activities are described. Two theories of prospective memory are compared. Also noted is that prospective memory involves retrospective memory processes, for remembering what the intended action is and remembering when the action is to be performed, and a prospective component for remembering that something is to be done. The new concept of metaintentions or metaintentional processes is introduced along with a new framework for organizing existing research and motivating future research. The literature is reviewed within the structure of this new framework.

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Arrow, Holly, e Alexander Garinther. Thinking Together about Genocide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801764.003.0010.

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This chapter explores how people “think together” in dyads, small groups, and larger collectives via mutual influence that organizes shared attention and intention, collectively constructs and validates meaning, and collaboratively develops and adjusts distributed networks of learning, memory, and forgetting. It weaves together a selective review of psychological literature on socially shared and situated cognition with applications to the shared and unshared memories of survivors and killers in post-genocide Rwanda. The process and content of convergent and divergent memories about a devastating collective experience helps illuminate the practical psychological functions served by socially shared cognition.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Fost, Joshua, Rena Levitt e Stephen M. Kosslyn. "Fully Active Learning". In Building the Intentional University. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037150.003.0012.

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We offer a working definition of active learning in which learning is active to the extent that it engages the cognitive processes known to be involved in comprehension, reasoning, memory, and pattern perception; it is not the same as student-centered or collaborative learning. To maximize students' opportunities for active learning, we use a variety of pedagogical techniques and technological supports. Pedagogically, we often use "engagement prompts," which are questions or challenges for all students to consider for the duration of an activity, even when they are not contributing. We also use collaborative learning in small groups; short, summative reflection essays; and fast-paced relay-style activities that require students to attend very carefully to the substance of their classmates' contributions. Technologically, we record the amount of time each student speaks to ensure that we call on all students approximately equally, and we use a tagging system to track the technique used in every activity so that later programmatic assessment will be more robust.

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Hauck, Simone, e C. Robert Cloninger. "The key role of spirituality in positive psychiatry and psychology". In Spirituality and Mental Health Across Cultures, a cura di Alexander Moreira-Almeida, Bruno Paz Mosqueiro e Dinesh Bhugra, 361–82. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846833.003.0022.

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The field of positive psychology and psychiatry has the goal of helping people to achieve greater happiness, fostering the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to thrive. It proposes a hierarchy of positive psychological character strengths, composed of 24 specific human qualities, including spirituality. Spiritually oriented well-being therapies are a promising and much-needed field. The bio-psycho-social model, developed by Cloninger and colleagues, is an empirically based model that considers the importance of spirituality in the human constitution and development, providing a systematic way to promote health as an integrated state, rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Personality development depends on the creative process of integration through three complex adaptive systems of learning and memory, involving associative conditioning of habits, intentional self-control, and creative processes of self-awareness. The physical, mental, and spiritual aspects are interdependent, and must be addressed jointly aiming at a healthy, happy, and good life.

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Kosslyn, Stephen M. "The Science of Learning: Mechanisms and Principles". In Building the Intentional University. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037150.003.0011.

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An enormous amount is now known about how humans process and store information. This chapter organizes that knowledge into a set of 16 principles, which we have used systematically to help students master the material they are taught. The principles are organized under two very general maxims: Think it Through (the more you think something through, paying attention to what you are doing, the more likely you are later to remember it) and Make and Use Associations (associations not only help us organize material so that it is easy to store in memory but also give us the hooks that will allow us later to dig the material out of memory, to recall it). The 16 principles can be invoked in different combinations by using different application techniques, such as mnemonics and explaining material to yourself.

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"Representing the World". In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 1–27. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch001.

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Chapter 1 describes how specifically organized, hierarchical structures of a neural network can create neural representations of perceived reality. The authors describe how, as a result of categorization and generalization, memory traces created in subsequent layers can represent the perceived world in all its complexity. Starting from the representation of direct sensual impressions in the lowest layers, closely connected to the sensors of individual senses, to the representation of increasingly complex objects, the feelings and knowledge about the observed world are built. They postulate that to achieve this goal imaginary natural and artificial brains must contain such semihierarchical structures capable of creating new connections and information transmission paths. By associating large areas of brain fields in multiple layers, it is possible to create representations of complex reality. The dominant mechanism of self-learning is correlation learning, during which simultaneous, synchronous arousal of different senses creates mutually correlated features of the observed object. Perceived objects excite neuronal stimulation patterns that allow the system to identify the object in the future. The re-stimulation of the memory structures from the top layers to the sensory fields, causes the recall and creation of sensations similar to those felt during the original experiences. By comparing new sensual impressions with those stored in memory, the perceived objects are recognized. Frequent, simultaneous co-occurrence of stimulations of mental representations results in associations of memory cells and synapses, and thus associations of mental facts. Order and sequences of their occurrence is the basis of episodic memory. Imagined neural network memory cells, like natural brain neurons, do not limit their role to just remembering the information that they receive. They actively process this information and change the structure of their connections. We put forward the thesis that the described memory cells, artificial neurons, can create brains with features such as natural brains. It is this semihierarchical structure of neurons, which arise from categorization, generalization and association processes that can create neural representations of perceived reality. Learning through life experiences allows us to give them the characteristics of psychological sensations and thus they also become mental correlates of perceptions. The knowledge that these structures represent is as hierarchical they are. This hierarchy starts from the representation of the simplest direct sensual features, to complex models of the environment and abstract concepts that can be defined by symbolic language. The presented model describes the creation of knowledge in the mind, pattern recognition, remembering and imagining objects and events, planning, and making decisions. The systems thus created yield minds with cognitive, intentional, and propositional awareness. Unfortunately, they are devoid of phenomenal awareness, which we write about in the following chapters.

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Ilik, Goran. "Restoring the Memory". In Memory, Identity, and Nationalism in European Regions, 30–49. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8392-9.ch002.

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This chapter explores the key features of the concept of postnationalism, its modes, and theoretical implications regarding the European Union. The main research intention is to explore the EU as a model and an agent for reconciliation of the Balkan region. For that purpose, the main operative elements of both the South East European Cooperation Process and “Yugosphere” are examined. At the end, it is concluded that the emulation of EU postnational model by the Balkan countries enables the process of reconciliation. Hence, the Balkan states seems to be “forced” to cooperate with each other, in order to achieve their common objective – their full integration into the EU, which strongly confirms the role of the EU as an agent for reconciliation of the Balkans.

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"task accuracies and latencies would have been bimo-relatively automatic or strategic. For example, automatic dal, with participants who monitored having a lower or strategic processes thought to underlie recognition average accuracy and a higher average latency than memory (e.g., Mandler, 1980; Sternberg, 1969) could participants who did not monitor. Neither frequency play a role. Alternatively, some aspect of memory re-distribution appeared to be bimodal, however, con-trieval as postulated by the Automatic Associative sistent with the expectation that participants main-Activation view or the Noticing + Search view (Einstein tained the cognitive system in a prospective memory & McDaniel, 1996) could be the process by which the retrieval mode (or maintained an increased level of ac-evaluation is made. Finally, to the extent that the ACT tivation of the prospective memory representation) architecture (J. R. Anderson, 1983) can account for but did not check for the target events on alternating strategic monitoring, the firing of production rules control trials. could explain the process of checking. Although these A significant difference in prospective memory various possible conceptions of the checking process accuracy or latency was not expected (and was not allow that checking may be automatic or strategic, the obtained) as a function of whether the experimental and reaction time task costs on experimental trials relative control trials alternated or were blocked. The two-to alternating control trials in the current experiment process view of strategic monitoring, as well as the suggest that checking was relatively strategic, at least alternate one-process views, predict that strategic in the current experiment. monitoring should be equivalent on the alternating and blocked experimental trials. The views make different predictions only with regard to the processes that ALTERNATE ONE-PROCESS should be involved on the alternating versus blocked INTERPRETATIONS control trials, where prospective memory cannot be measured (i.e., because there is no prospective memory Although the two-process monitoring view provides a task on control trials). compelling explanation of the current results, the results are open to alternate one-process interpretations. One possibility is that the costs on the experimental trials CHECKING and the alternating control trials relative to the blocked control trials reflect only a process of maintaining a The current experiment was not designed to test alter-retrieval mode (or activation): Participants maintained a nate conceptions of the checking process, but several retrieval mode (or activation) to a greater extent on possible conceptions are outlined here. Depending on experimental trials than alternating control trials, and to the characteristics of the prospective memory task, the a greater extent on alternating control trials than blocked cover task in which it is embedded, and the individual control trials, where they were not expected to maintain doing the strategic monitoring, the process of directing a retrieval mode at all (or at least to a much lesser extent). attention to the stimuli could be controlled by the envi-This seems unlikely, because research has suggested ronment and be relatively automatic or reflexive on the that a retrieval mode or an increased level of activation part of the individual (e.g., an exogenous orienting re-persists as long as the goal to perform the retrieval task sponse; Lauwereyns, 1998), or instead it could be con-exists, and there was no reason to expect that a retrieval trolled by the individual or a SAS or other type of mode or activation on alternating control trials would executive attentional system (e.g., an endogenous ori-be maintained to a lesser extent than on experimental enting response; Lauwereyns, 1998). Alternatively, trials. some aspect of automatic memory retrieval, such as Another possibility is that the costs on the automatic associative retrieval of the intended action, experimental trials and the alternating control trials which results from conscious processing of the target relative to the blocked control trials reflect only a event with which it was associated at encoding (as pos-process of checking: Participants checked for the target tulated by the Automatic Associative Activation view events to a greater extent on experimental trials than of prospective memory; Einstein & McDaniel, 1996), or on alternating control trials, and to a greater extent on a feeling of familiarity or significance for the target event alternating control trials than on blocked control trials, that causes the target event to be noticed (as postu-where they were not expected to check at all. This lated by the Noticing + Search view of prospective seems unlikely, because checking was costly, and a memory; Einstein & McDaniel, 1996), could direct at-signal was given to indicate that no target event would tention to the stimuli. appear on the control trials and that checking was The process of evaluating whether a stimulus is a therefore unnecessary, so there was no reason to retrieval cue for an intended action could also be expect checking on any control trials." In Prospective Memory: The Delayed Realization of Intentions, 61–64. Psychology Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203506752-16.

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Iandoli, Luca, e Giuseppe Zollo. "The Emergence of Organizational Learning". In Organizational Cognition and Learning, 120–34. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-313-5.ch009.

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In this chapter we present a model of organizational learning that ties together the conceptual elements described in Chapters II, III, IV and V with the process of organizational memory construction analyzed throughout Chapters VI, VII and VIII. This chapter also concludes the theoretical part of the book. In the MEP (memory – experience – plan) model organizational learning emerges from three basic coordinates: the coordinate of past knowledge (memory), the coordinate of current interaction (experience), the coordinate of intention and anticipation (plan). In this three-dimensional space, learning emerges out of actions and explanations. Organizational learning emerges from the bottom through the construction of a new explanation and its incorporation into organizational memory.

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"The Reductive Model of Mind Explains the Human and Animal Psyche". In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 139–73. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch005.

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In this chapter the relationship of consciousness to intelligence is analyzed. The effectiveness of the presented model for beings with different degrees of consciousness is verified. We present how our model relates to such mental processes as permanent and short-term remembering, intensive intentional recall, thoughts wandering, planning, and making decisions, focusing of attention, imagination, intuition, sleep, and subconsciousness. The most distinctive feature of humans against other animals is the ability to use symbolic language. The authors present biophysical basics of language creation. They point out that the structure of knowledge enchanted in semantics is consistent with the hierarchy of representations of mental concepts that create it. They discuss the usefulness of a language for both logical analysis of complex problems with a high degree of abstraction, and the ability to express the subtlest feelings. The subconscious raises enormous and widespread interest, why is this? Subconsciousness directs all our activities, but it does not manifest itself and it is hard to explain, partly because we cannot consciously observe how it works. Yet, in their view, it should be easier to understand than full consciousness. It only serves the purpose of proposing various options. In the subconscious mind these options are getting ready to be selected for consideration by a conscious mind. But sometimes they direct our reaction before the conscious mind takes over full control. In this chapter, the authors try to explain what the subconscious is and how it relates to consciousness. The subconscious is a huge memory storage. It contains all the information resulting from our experiences removed from the area of associations reaching consciousness. Subconscious memories can be inhibited by feedback from unpleasant feelings whose transmission to consciousness is blocked. In this way, they become forgotten episodes that subconsciously affect our actions. Realization of life goals can be considered the essence of existence. This is the basis of our worldview and the main content of consciousness. But our psyche has states much more sophisticated and so important that they have become the subject of our dreams, imaginations, and the highest desire. Remember that human beings, as well as highly organized animals, display many behaviors that are not controlled by conscious mind. Evolution has shaped us to become emotional beings. Emotions significantly affect our behavior, determining the subjective values and quality of perceived objects and phenomena. So the authors include emotions as a significant component of their model. They find that the presented model of a motivated emotional mind can explain the formation of various emotions, feelings, and high mental states identified by modern psychology and psychiatry. They postulate that mental states observed in oneself from a first-person perspective are epiphenomenons of physical processes in the brain. It is propounded out that the presented model of the functioning of the conscious mind is indeed a reductive model.

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Fuchs, Thomas. "Collective Body Memories". In Embodiment, Enaction, and Culture. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035552.003.0018.

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The concept of body memory comprises all forms of implicit memory that are mediated by the body and actualized without explicit intention in our everyday conduct—for example, habitual patterns of movement and perception, instrumental skills or behavioral and cultural habits. The life-long plasticity of body memory enables us to adapt to the natural and social environment, in particular to become entrenched and feel at home in the social and cultural environment. The chapter introduces in particular the concept of collective body memories that develop in social groups through recurrent shared experiences and lead to spatial and temporal patterns of joint group behavior. Examples of such memories are the formation of a well-attuned football team and its fluent interplay, the habitual ways of interacting that characterize a family, or the enactment of social ceremonies and rituals. In such situations the intercorporeal memories of the individuals unite to form overarching procedural fields. Moreover, the interactive processes develop an autonomous or emergent dynamic involving the individuals in behavior they would not show outside of the formation. Once the group joins again in a similar configuration and situation, the resulting collective body memory is re-actualized. These phenomena are analyzed mainly from a phenomenological, but also from a dynamical systems perspective.

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Levenson, Hanna, Lynne Angus e Erica Pool. "Viewing Psychodynamic/Interpersonal Theory and Practice Through the Lens of Memory Reconsolidation". In Neuroscience of Enduring Change, 300–327. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881511.003.0012.

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In this chapter, the case is made that the procedure for memory reconsolidation (MR) is compatible with the strategies and interventions of modern psychodynamic psychotherapy. In particular the concept of the corrective emotional experience (CEE) is seen as integral to the MR process. A measure (the Narrative-Emotional Processing Coding System [NEPCS]) was used to code transcripts from a case being seen in Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy. Results indicate that the NEPCS was able to track key shifts consistent with the MR process and CEE. One implication of this work is that psychodynamic therapists might be able to use an MR framework intentionally to foster enduring change more effectively and efficiently.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Intentional memory processes"

Piotrovskaia, Larisa A. "INTONATION OF EXTERNAL TEXT AND INTERNAL TEXT". In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.18.

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The paper is devoted to the psycholinguistic analysis of text intonation during speech production and speech perception. The following statements are the theoretical background of research: 1) speech activity is mental activity, 2) both speech production and speech perception are active processes, 3) utterance sense depends on text sense, 4) according to N. Zhinkin external and internal text as well as text sense are crucial concepts. The results of multi-year acoustic analysis of oral monologic and dialogic speech are summarized. The speaker chooses intonation arrangement that is adequate not only to external text but also to internal text. The result of speech perception that is active mental process is an adequate comprehension of text sense that speaker wanted to express. Inadequate intonation arrangement of text sense might create considerable difficulties in oral speech perception process. The author argues that speech segmentation, the direction of pitch pattern, the movement of speech tempo and the specific type of stress, that is accentual phrasal stress, are representative of text sense, both external and internal. Key element for cognitive speech segmentation by speaker is existence of whole text intention and its sense segmentation. Inadequate sense-group segmentation might depend on communication breakdown or deficiency of intention to be understood such as control failure. Tune two instead of tune one is distinguished in oral monologic and dialogic speech. If we interpret the external text as a part of internal one, the new explanation of last word segmentation as well as accentual phrasal stress and also two accentual phrasal stresses in one phrase may be proposed. Refs 26.

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Wendrich, Robert E. "Multiple Modalities, Sensoriums, Experiences in Blended Spaces With Toolness and Tools for Conceptual Design Engineering". In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85204.

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This paper asserts that, visual and meta-cognitive stimuli constructed from multiple experiences and multiple modalities in ‘blended spaces’ (i.e. internal or external), are potential stimuli in ideation, iterative, and creative conceptual design engineering processes. These multiplicities in human capabilities are intertwined, interlinked, and/or coupled with the cognitive memory patterns from mental representations (i.e. abstractions) of productive thought. Ideas are inherently ambiguous and/or spatial representations that become tangible- and visual transformations through intention, interaction and externalization.

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Rue, C., S. Herschbein, C. Scrudato, L. Fischer e A. Shore. "Optimizing Gas-Assisted FIB Processes: The Importance of Oft-Ignored Secondary Parameters". In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0527.

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Abstract The efficiency of Gas-Assisted Etching (GAE) and depositions performed using the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique is subject to numerous factors. Besides the wellknown primary parameters recommended by the FIB manufacturer (pixel spacing, dwell time, and gas pressures), certain secondary factors can also have a pronounced effect on the quality of these gas-assisted FIB operations. The position of the gas delivery nozzle during XeF2 mills on silicon is examined and was found to affect both the milling speed and the texture on the floor of the FIB trench. Limitations arising from the memory capacity of the FIB computer can also influence process times and trench quality. Exposing the FIB vacuum chamber to TMCTS during SiO2 depositions is found to temporarily impede the performance of subsequent tungsten depositions, especially following heavy or prolonged TMCTS exposure. A delay period may be required to achieve optimal tungsten depositions following TMCTS use. Finally, the focusing conditions of the ion beam are found to have a significant impact on the resistance of FIB-deposited metal films. This effect is attributed to partial milling of the deposition film due to the intense current density of the collimated ion beam. The resistances of metal depositions performed with intentionally defocused ion beams were found to be lower than those performed with focused beams.

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Eschen, Kevin, e Julianna Abel. "Effect of Geometric Design Parameters on Contractile SMA Knitted Actuator Performance". In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3926.

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) knitted actuators are a type of functional fabric that uses shape memory alloy wire as an active fiber within a knitted textile. Through intentional design of the SMA knitted actuator geometry, various two- and three-dimensional actuation motions, such as scrolling and contraction [1], can be accomplished. Contractile SMA knitted actuators leverage the unique thermo-mechanical properties of SMA wires by integrating them within the hierarchical knitted structure to achieve large distributed uniaxial contractions and variable stiffness behavior upon thermal actuation. During the knit manufacturing process, the SMA wire is bent into a network of interlacing adjacent loops, storing potential energy within the contractile SMA knitted actuator. Thermal actuation above the wire-specific austenite finish temperature leads to a partial recovery of the bending deformations, resulting in large distributed uniaxial contraction (15–40% actuation contraction observed) of the SMA knitted actuator. The achievable load capacity and %-actuation contraction are dependent on the geometric loop parameters of the contractile SMA knitted actuator. While exact descriptions of the geometric loop parameters exist, a reduction of the geometric complexity is advantageous for high-level contractile SMA knitted actuator design procedures. This paper defines a simple geometric measure, the non-dimensional knit density, and experimentally correlates the contractile SMA knitted actuator performance to this measure. The experimentally demonstrated dependency of relevant actuator metrics on the knit density and the wire diameter, suggests the usability of the simplified geometry definition for a high-level contractile SMA knitted actuator design.

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Fredrickson, R., R. Young, J. Cournoyer e M. Schmidt. "A Novel Approach of Identifying Silicon Defects Using Passive Voltage Contrast Techniques Leading to Utilization of In-Line SEM Based Voltage Contrast Inspections to Drive Closed Loop Process Optimization and Defect Elimination". In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0401.

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Abstract The formation of silicon defects in 0.18um and smaller technology nodes has become a challenging device level defect to identify and eliminate. In this paper, we present a new method of passive voltage contrast that was initially used to locate silicon defects, experimental results revealing the key contributors to the formation of these defects, and a method of in-line identification by correlating SEM based in-line defect inspections to end of line SRAM fail bit maps. Silicon defects that form along the edge of an active region connect the source and drain with a low resistance leakage path that are successfully detected at later processing layers using voltage contrast techniques with a SEM based In-line inspection tool as well as after processing by using our method of passive voltage contrast. The systematic nature of this defect produces a consistent SRAM memory fail mode of single column fails. When these silicon defects are present, single column fails dominate the usual single and double bit fail modes. The physical location of the failing columns can be mapped back to the defect locations produced from the in-line inspections. This method was utilized to interpret experimental results in an effort to determine process parameters that produce silicon defects. It was found that STI depth plays a key role in the formation of these defects. Experiments were run where the depth was intentionally put at worst case so that the effectiveness of several alternative processes to repair the defects could be evaluated. It was shown that modulating the STI liner oxidation temperature had the largest effect compared to several other process parameters.

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Musil, Jan. "GENIUS LOCI: THE RIGHT CONCEPT FOR ELEMENTARY EDUCATION?" In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end117.

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"The paper deals with the phenomenon which, when grasped in a suitable way, can become an integral part of teaching in Czech schools: it is genius loci and related instruction. In the context of ongoing discussions on the new form of the curriculum, on the rapid changes in society over the past two decades and especially on the outlook for the future development of (not only) the Czech natural environment, we recognize the importance of the development of knowledge of the landscape. All existing processes, phenomena and landscape in general provide wide range for evaluation and cognitive part of children‘s personality. The environmental dimension, ranging from local aspects to global challenges and problems, also extends the personal and subjective conception of the place. Finally, practical experience and the development of competencies, in addition to knowledge, complete the use and application of the place by pupils in the intentions of locally grounded learning. The paper is divided into two parts, the first is devoted to the theoretical background, introduction of the key factors of both phenomena and their risks, and the second follows the context of curricular documents, teaching and place-based education on examples of pedagogical practice. Finally, the paper focuses on the view of outdoor education and place-based education as tools for student participation in the formation, consolidation and preservation of the genius loci in the level of knowledge, values, community cooperation, shared memory and common traditions."

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Akopov, Garnik V. "CONTEMPLATION: THE RATIO OF CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS". In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact010.

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"In psychological science, the concept of contemplation is not included in the most important categories of psychology, such as activity, consciousness, personality. The dictionary meanings of the term “contemplation” are ambiguous. In psychology, in addition to the categorical analysis of contemplation (S.L. Rubinstein) and its attribution to fundamental concepts (A.V. Brushlinsky), there are also interpretations of contemplation, which are synonymous to intuition (A. Bergson) and meditation (V.F. Petrenko, Han F. De Wit), insight (preconceptual thinking - T.K. Rulina), mystical states (W. James, P.S. Gurevich). Contemplation, unlike intuition, meditation and insight, does not have a previous reportable history. In our studies, contemplation is considered as an unconscious mental phenomenon that exists in the forms of a process, state, and also the properties of an individual (contemplative personality). Not coinciding with the processes of attention, memory, perception, thinking, etc., contemplation, however, is activated on their basis. The difference lies in the uncontrollability of this process, since its contents are not presented to consciousness. Therefore, contemplation is also different from dreams, experiences, intentions and other internally substantive mental phenomena. Despite the fact that consciousness does not have access to the content of contemplation (access-consciousness), the process itself is realized by man. In this we see the difference between contemplation as unconscious activity and Freudian understanding of the unconscious. Other differences are: involuntary entry and random exit from the state of contemplation; emotional equipotentiality of contemplation, i.e. the invariability of the emotional background of contemplation from the beginning to the exit from it. In ontogenesis, contemplation is most clearly represented in infancy, in youth, and in old age, as well as during periods of age and other life crises. Reminiscences of students record the age range from 11 to 17 years as the most saturated with contemplation; least at the age of 6-8 years (L.S. Akopian). Contemplation as an unconscious activity periodically replaces purposeful activity, contributing to the maturation, correction, transformation of the person’s life meanings in their micro-, meso- and macro-macro dimensions. Contemplation also fulfills the function of partially liberating oneself from an excess of affairs, concerns, plans, aspirations, and other forms of conscious activity. The development of practice-oriented forms of actualization of contemplation will expand the range of psychotherapeutic methods."

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Andreassi, Fabio, e Ottavia Aristone. "Geografia e storia nei territori sensibili: rischio, emergenza e memoria: prove di dialogo". In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7934.

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Si vuole esplorare il significato nella pratica di alcune parole chiave quali cambiamento, collasso, emergenza, memoria, rischio e la loro eventuale capacità di esplicitare i nessi tra geografia e storia nei territori sensibili. Per i sapere non esperti, la nozione di rischio diventa cangiante: declinata al passato in forma di mitografia o respinta e scomoda declinazione del futuro, al presente tende a perdere un significato proprio per scivolare nel campo semantico dell'emergenza. Questa coniugazione produce azioni, nell'unità di spazio-temporale del disastro, che appartengono all'emergenza: depotenziata di un passato irripetibile e di un futuro incerto, si configura quale potente veicolo del potere, avendo liberato le decisioni dalle procedure necessarie per la verifica della opportunità tecnica e del consenso consapevole. Nei "casi di emergenza" si riduce la relazione decisionale con gli abitanti coinvolti; il coordinamento e la gestione assumono forme autoritative e astratte, inconsapevoli della soglia di sopportabilità del rischio da parte delle popolazioni. L'efficienza dell'intervento di prima istanza non corrisponde alla efficacia nella media durata laddove l'azione pubblica non orienta le possibili scelte e non ne supporta i processi attuativi e adattivi. Our intention is to explore the practical meaning of certain key-words such as change, collapse, emergency, memory and risk, and how they may explain the links between the geography and history of sensitive areas. For non-experts, the notion of risk is many-faceted: when declined in a past sense as a myth, or a rejected, inconvenient declination of the future, in the present, it loses its intrinsic meaning and comes to refer to an emergency. This conjugation produces actions, within the space and time of the disaster, which are proper to the emergency: its unrepeatable past weakened and with an uncertain future, it emerges as a forceful vehicle of power, which takes all the decisions and enforces the procedures necessary for assessing technical necessities and conscious consensus. In "cases of emergency", the inhabitants involved are deprived of their part in decision-making, while the management of the emergency takes on an abstract and authoritarian form and seems unable to sense the threshold of tolerance of risk of the population. The immediate intervention is seen to be effective, but not in the mid-term, where public action does not take into account the possible alternatives or sustain the local people in their attempt to adapt.

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Yi, Xiaoya. "Historical perspectiveness: characteristics identification and overall protection of historical cities from the perspective of spatial translation. Shipu, Zhejiang". In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/eihc6183.

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The rapid development of Chinese cities in the past three decades has caused the transformation of the structure of historical urban spaces, resulting in the fragmentation of historical environment and the blurring of historical pattern. This study proposes to use the epistemology of historical prescriptiveness to recognize the characteristics of urban historical environment, so as to effectively protect the city as a whole. Historical prescriptiveness refers to the spatialtemporal correlation effect in the process of urban historical environment change, which makes the current historical elements of the city present as a whole with hierarchy, structure and system. This kind of epistemology is most prominent in ancient maps. The schema-symbol relation can express the paradigm of traditional structure, the schema-symbol choice can express the order of multiple symbols, and the schema-symbol intention can express the meaning of camp city culture. Based on these potential criteria, this study summarizes the logical relations and existing forms of the old and new elements in urban space, and then explores the historical prescriptive content. The specific content of historical prescriptiveness is embodied in the following aspects: the implicit control of the historical pattern in spatial positioning, the transformation and recognition of historical elements in evolutionary comparison, and the inheritance and continuation of urban memory in the extraction of connotations. Taking the ancient city of Shipu in Zhejiang as an example, the study explores the characteristics of the ancient city of Shipu from three aspects: the succession of Haiphong’s fortification and city-port structure, the alienation of the texture of the ancient towns and streets of Jiangnan, the rejuvenation of the city with the reappearance of culture in eastern Zhejiang. Based on this case, this study proposes a holistic conservation idea of historical city in the modern context of "space and time compression".

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Silveira Dias, José. "Symbiosis Design: An Interdisciplinary Methodology". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001370.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thinking conceptually on what is tangible results in ideas that feed cycles of thought. This incremental continuum gives rise to a reflection on the current crisis of temporal dispersion.Creativity can be continuously stimulated through life-long learning. When exploring societal active methodologies within teaching and learning processes, Design is an interdisciplinary subject aided by: Artificial Intelligence in rethinking the positioning that humans conquered as conscious beings, but which underestimates nature and fails to recognize its dependency on other species; User-centered Psychotherapy and Spatial Interaction towards strategies for emotions and mind impulses which correspond to societal behaviors; Social Sciences in the context of Landscapes and Territorial Dynamics; Bionics and Mimetics reformulating technology through Nature as a model; Human Factors Engineering in the investigation of the cognitive system in the adequacy of physical and digital agents. It is projected consolidate the design of the procedural spiral in the design orientation of a methodology for the Design that leads the memory in anticipation to the retroactive effect of the knowledge that will operationalize responsible creative contents, aiming at the expansion of a remembrance against the forgetfulness of the human being to care Mother Earth.The intention to develop and validate this societal active methodology started from a model (4Xself) elaborated in the context of the PhD that, with the guidance of the respective Practical Assignments Guide, intends to guide a Symbiosis Proto-Methodology. This model was applied in 2019/20 and 2020/21 with students, and preliminary conclusions have already been reached in the scope of SPIRAL project. This project aligns with the 4th SDG on education, specifically target goal 4.7, as we aim to contribute to the SDGs defined by the UN in a transversal way with the methodology. We aspire to achieve acceptance of concepts and practices that integrate the research questions: How to create and implement a Symbiosis methodology that promotes interdisciplinary, sustainable, and ethically committed design processes? How can this methodology consolidate its meaning as a catalyst and aggregator system for acting in the Design process, guaranteeing the benefit of the agents involved?The expected outcomes of this project result from exploring different media channels to disseminate and implement Symbiosis’s proto-methodology whose expertise promote the crossing of knowledge in the respective areas and interactive practices in education, training in companies, in entrepreneurship and professionalization, ensuring the following principles: be transversal to the values and mission of the methodology for a more qualitative strategy in teaching; supporting a transition to information glocalization; reflect on Education as a learning channel for all; encourage a shared responsibility among everyone involved in the design process guaranteeing code of conduct; develop an operational methodology with and for society through Co-design and Participatory Design to better qualify individuals in society and this as a social collectively; improving training methodologies in education through interdisciplinarity and participatory learning; be enrolled in the ECO triangulation in which the Social, Economic and Ecological aspects are marked out between the poles Perception/Production and Nature/Culture in the domains of Design, Art, Science and Engineering

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