Bibliografie tematiche / Intensité relativiste

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Intensité relativiste"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

Jiménez-Rosales, A., J. Dexter, S. M. Ressler, A. Tchekhovskoy, M. Bauböck, Y. Dallilar, P. T. de Zeeuw et al. "Relative depolarization of the black hole photon ring in GRMHD models of Sgr A* and M87*". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, n. 3 (22 marzo 2021): 4563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab784.

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ABSTRACT Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes, we show that a suitable subtraction of the linear polarization per pixel from total intensity images can enhance the photon ring feature. We find that the photon ring is typically a factor of ≃2 less polarized than the rest of the image. This is due to a combination of plasma and general relativistic effects, as well as magnetic turbulence. When there are no other persistently depolarized image features, adding the subtracted residuals over time results in a sharp image of the photon ring. We show that the method works well for sample, viable GRMHD models of Sgr A* and M87*, where measurements of the photon ring properties would provide new measurements of black hole mass and spin, and potentially allow for tests of the ‘no-hair’ theorem of general relativity.

Lavenda, B. H. "Is Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Compatible with Special Relativity?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 56, n. 5 (1 maggio 2001): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2001-0503.

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Abstract The transformation from a time-dependent random walk to quantum mechanics converts a modified Bessel function into an ordinary one together with a phase factor e,ir/2 for each time the electron flips both direction and handedness. Causality requires the argument to be greater than the order of the Bessel function. Assuming equal probabilities for jumps ± 1 , the normalized modified Bessel function of an imaginary argument is the solution of the finite difference differential Schrödinger equation whereas the same function of a real argument satisfies the diffusion equation. In the nonrelativistic limit, the stability condition of the difference scheme contains the mass whereas in the ultrarelativistic limit only the velocity of light appears. Particle waves in the nonrelativistic limit become elastic waves in the ultrarelativistic limit with a phase shift in the frequency and wave number of 7r/2. The ordinary Bessel function satisfies a second order recurrence relation which is a finite difference differential wave equation, using non-nearest neighbors, whose solutions are the chirality components of a free-particle in the zero fermion mass limit. Reintroducing the mass by a phase transformation transforms the wave equation into the Klein-Gordon equation but does not admit a solution in terms of ordinary Bessel functions. However, a sign change of the mass term permits a solution in terms of a modified Bessel function whose recurrence formulas produce all the results of special relativity. The Lorentz transformation maximizes the integral of the modified Bessel function and determines the paths of steepest descent in the classical limit. If the definitions of frequency and wave number in terms of the phase were used in special relativity, the condition that the frame be inertial would equate the superluminal phase velocity with the particle velocity in violation of causality. In order to get surfaces of constant phase to move at the group velocity, an integrating factor is required which determines how the intensity decays in time. The phase correlation between neighboring sites in quantum mechanics is given by the phase factor for the electron to reverse its direction, whereas, in special relativity, it is given by the Doppler shift.

Клименко, Владимир, e Vladimir Klimenko. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field". Solar-Terrestrial Physics 3, n. 4 (29 dicembre 2017): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-34201704.

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This paper presents the calculations of synchrotron radio emission intensity from Van Allen belts with Gaussian space distribution of electron density across L-shells of a dipole magnetic field, and with Maxwell’s relativistic electron energy distribution. The results of these calculations come to a good agreement with measurements of the synchrotron emission intensity of the artificial radiation belt’s electrons during the Starfish nuclear test. We have obtained two-dimensional distributions of radio brightness in azimuth — zenith angle coordinates for an observer on Earth’s surface. The westside and eastside intensity maxima exceed several times the maximum level of emission in the meridian plane. We have also constructed two-dimensional distributions of the radio emission intensity in decibels related to the background galactic radio noise level. Isotropic fluxes of relativistic electrons (E ~ 1 MeV) should be more than 107 cm–2s–1 for the synchrotron emission intensity in the meridian plane to exceed the cosmic noise level by 0.1 dB (riometer sensitivity threshold).

Chang, Yifan, Chang Wang, Yubo Wang, Zhaonan Long, Zirui Zeng e Youwei Tian. "Collimation and monochromaticity of γ-rays generated by high-energy electron colliding with tightly focused circularly polarized laser with varied intensities". Laser Physics Letters 19, n. 6 (20 aprile 2022): 065301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac6614.

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Abstract The collision of high-energy electron and laser pulses produces nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering, which can generate γ-rays. We study the effect of laser intensity on the energy angular distribution and spectrum of γ-ray radiation in tightly focused pulses. The γ-rays at non-relativistic intensity have good collimation and monochromaticity, and the radiation energy increases with the laser intensity. The ‘jumping point’ phenomenon of radiation energy variation under relativistic intensity and the ‘black hole’ of energy angular distribution were discovered. As the laser intensity increases, there is a red shift in the radiative harmonic spectrum. And at relativistic intensity, supercontinuum (tunable) γ-rays can be obtained. These findings help us use NITS for optical research.

Liesfeld, Ben, Jens Bernhardt, Kay-Uwe Amthor, Heinrich Schwoerer e Roland Sauerbrey. "Single-shot autocorrelation at relativistic intensity". Applied Physics Letters 86, n. 16 (18 aprile 2005): 161107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1905779.

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Friou, A., E. Lefebvre e L. Gremillet. "Channeling dynamics of relativistic-intensity laser pulses". Physics of Plasmas 19, n. 2 (febbraio 2012): 022704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680613.

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Lee, P. H. Y. "On relativistic self focusing". Laser and Particle Beams 5, n. 1 (febbraio 1987): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002457.

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Ponderomotive force initiated laser self focusing can be enhanced by relativistic electron motion in a laser plasma. We derive the nonlinear refractive index due to relativistic effects and find that relativistic self focusing becomes important for a 0·25 μm laser when the laser intensity exceeds 5 × 1018 W/cm2.

Soldateschi, J., N. Bucciantini e L. Del Zanna. "Axisymmetric equilibrium models for magnetised neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories". Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (agosto 2020): A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037918.

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Among the possible extensions of general relativity that have been put forward to address some long-standing issues in our understanding of the Universe, scalar-tensor theories have received a lot of attention for their simplicity. Interestingly, some of these predict a potentially observable non-linear phenomenon, known as spontaneous scalarisation, in the presence of highly compact matter distributions, as in the case of neutron stars. Neutron stars are ideal laboratories for investigating the properties of matter under extreme conditions and, in particular, they are known to harbour the strongest magnetic fields in the Universe. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed study of magnetised neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories. First, we showed that the formalism developed for the study of magnetised neutron stars in general relativity, based on the “extended conformally flat condition”, can easily be extended in the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field, retaining many of its numerical advantages. We then carried out a study of the parameter space considering the two extreme geometries of purely toroidal and purely poloidal magnetic fields, varying both the strength of the magnetic field and the intensity of scalarisation. We compared our results with magnetised general-relativistic solutions and un-magnetised scalarised solutions, showing how the mutual interplay between magnetic and scalar fields affect the magnetic and the scalarisation properties of neutron stars. In particular, we focus our discussion on magnetic deformability, maximum mass, and range of scalarisation.

Bucciantini, Niccolò, e Jacopo Soldateschi. "Iron line from neutron star accretion discs in scalar tensor theories". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 495, n. 1 (7 aprile 2020): L56—L60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa059.

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ABSTRACT The Fe Kα fluorescent line at 6.4 keV is a powerful probe of the space–time metric in the vicinity of accreting compact objects. We investigated here how some alternative theories of gravity, namely scalar tensor theories, that invoke the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field and predict the existence of strongly scalarized neutron stars (NSs), change the expected line shape with respect to General Relativity. By taking into account both deviations from the general relativistic orbital dynamics of the accreting disc, where the Fe line originates, and the changes in the light propagation around the NS, we computed line shapes for various inclinations of the disc with respect to the observer. We found that both the intensity of the low-energy tails and the position of the high-energy edge of the line change. Moreover, we verified that even if those changes are in general of the order of a few percent, they are potentially observable with the next generation of X-ray satellites.

OSMAN, FREDERICK, REYNALDO CASTILLO e HEINRICH HORA. "Relativistic and ponderomotive self-focusing at laser–plasma interaction". Journal of Plasma Physics 61, n. 2 (febbraio 1999): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898007417.

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The nonlinear plasma dielectric function due to relativistic electron motion is derived. From this, one can obtain the nonlinear refractive index of the plasma and estimate the importance of relativistic self-focusing in comparison with ponderomotive non-relativistic self-focusing at very high laser intensities. When the laser intensity is very high, ponderomotive self-focusing will be dominant. However, at some point, when the oscillating velocity of the plasma electrons becomes very large, relativistic effects will also play a role in self-focusing.

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Tesi sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

Ouillé, Marie. "Génération d'impulsions laser proches du cycle optique en durée pour l'interaction laser-matière relativiste à haute cadence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE007.

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Cette thèse expérimentale s’est essentiellement déroulée au Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée à Palaiseau (France), sur un système laser capable de générer des impulsions proches du cycle optique en durée avec des énergies de plusieurs mJ à une cadence de 1 kHz : la Salle Noire 2. Ce système laser Titane:Sapphire est double CPA avec un filtre non-linéaire entre les deux étages (basé sur la génération d’onde de polarisation croisée ou ‘XPW’) pour améliorer le contraste temporel, suivi d’un étage de post-compression dans une fibre flexible étirée à cœur creux. Grâce à ce système, nous étudions l’interaction laser-matière en régime relativiste à haute cadence. Nous parvenons, d’une part, dans des jets de gaz, à accélérer des électrons dans le sillage du laser jusqu’ à une énergie de quelques MeV; et d’autre part, par interaction avec des miroirs plasma, à générer des harmoniques d’ordres élevés qui sont associées dans le domaine temporel à des impulsions attosecondes. Malgré la prouesse technique de ces expériences, les propriétés des faisceaux XUV et d’électrons ainsi générés restent encore peu compatibles avec des applications phares en aval. À la suite de travaux précédents en Salle Noire 2, l’objectif de cette thèse était d’obtenir des faisceaux aux propriétés stables, ce qui a été accompli en rendant le système laser plus stable et fiable, ainsi qu’en implémentant une boucle de contrôle rapide de la phase enveloppe-porteuse des impulsions laser. En variant la phase enveloppe-porteuse, nous avons ainsi pu générer des impulsions attosecondes uniques en formant une porte temporelle d’intensité relativiste à la surface du miroir plasma, et aussi produire des faisceaux d’électrons stables en énergie et en direction, en contrôlant l’injection d’ électrons dans l’accélérateur laser-plasma. De plus, différents régime d’interaction avec les miroirs plasma ont été étudiés expérimentalement, tels que l’accélération d’électrons dans les longs gr adients de densité plasma, et l’accélération de protons en face avant de la cible (la face sur laquelle le laser est incident) le long de la direction normale à la cible, afin de mesurer de nouvelles observables (spectre d’énergie des électrons, divergence des faisceaux de protons) et ainsi mieux comprendre la dynamique d’interaction laser-plasma
This experimental thesis was essentially conducted at Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée in Palaiseau (France), on a laser system capable of delivering near-single-cycle duration pulses containing a few mJ of energy at 1kHz repetition rate: the Salle Noire 2. This laser is a Titanium:Sapphire double CPA system with a nonlinear filter in between (based on the crossed polarized wave generation effect) for temporal contrast enhancement, followed by a stretched-flexible hollow-core-fiber based post-compression stage. Using this system, we study laser-matter interaction in the relativistic regime at high repetition rate. We can, on one hand, in gas jets, accelerate electrons in the wakefield of the laser up to several MeVs; and on the other hand, by interacting with plasma mirrors, generate high order harmonics which are associated to bright attosecond pulses in the time domain. Despite the technological prowess in these experiments, the properties of the XUV and electron beams thus generated remain scarcely compatible with the main applications downstream. Following up on previous works in Salle Noire 2, the objective of this thesis was to obtain beams with stable properties, which was achieved by making the laser system more stable and reliable, as well as implementing a fast carrier-envelope phase control loop. By varying the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulses, we could generate XUV continua/isolated attosecond pulses by forming a relativistic-intensity temporal gate at the surface of the plasma mirror, and also produce electron beams exhibiting stable energy and angle of emission, by controlling the electron injection within the plasma accelerator. Additionally, different regimes of interaction with plasma mirrors were experimentally investigated, such as wakefield acceleration of electrons in long plasma density gradients, and the acceleration of protons on the target’s front side (onto which the laser impinges) along the target no rmal direction, in order to measure new observables (electron energy spectra, proton beam divergence) and thus gain deeper insights into the laser-plasma dynamics

Leblanc, Adrien. "Miroirs et réseaux plasmas en champs lasers ultra-intenses : génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé et de faisceaux d’électrons relativistes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS384/document.

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Lors de la focalisation d’un laser femtoseconde ultra-intense [I>10¹⁶W/cm²] sur une cible solide, dès le début de l’impulsion le champ laser est suffisant pour totalement ioniser la surface de la cible. Le reste de l’impulsion est ensuite réfléchi dans la direction spéculaire par le plasma dense ainsi créé : c’est un miroir plasma. Le champ laser ultra-intense peut accélérer les électrons au sein du plasma à des vitesses relativistes. Certains sont éjectés vers le vide et ces miroirs plasmas sont ainsi des sources de faisceaux d’électrons énergétiques. De plus, ils rayonnent dans l’extrême ultra-violet (XUV) à chaque période laser, ce qui se traduit par de la génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé de la pulsation laser. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre l’interaction laser-plasma sur miroirs plasmas à l’aide de la caractérisation de ces deux observables physiques qui en sont issues : les faisceaux d’électrons relativistes et les faisceaux d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé. Une première partie traite de la mesure des faisceaux harmoniques. Du fait des conditions physiques extrêmes d’interaction, la détection ne peut se faire qu’à une distance macroscopique de la cible. Ainsi la caractérisation des propriétés angulaires de ces faisceaux (réalisée en fonction des conditions d’interaction au cours de travaux précédents) ne fournit que des informations partielles sur l’interaction en elle-même. La ptychographie, une technique de mesure par diffraction cohérente où une sonde est diffractée par un objet, est ici transposée à la génération d’harmoniques sur miroirs plasmas grâce à la micro-structuration optique du plasma à la surface de la cible. Les champs sources harmoniques sont ainsi reconstruits en amplitude et en phase spatiales directement dans le plan cible. Grâce à ces mesures dans différentes conditions d’interaction, des modèles théoriques analytiques d’interaction en régime non relativiste [I<10¹⁸W/cm²] et relativiste [I>10¹⁸W/cm²] développés précédemment sont validés expérimentalement. Une seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude expérimentale des propriétés angulaires et en énergie des faisceaux d’électrons relativistes issus des miroirs plasmas. Une étude théorique et numérique, permet de prouver que ces mesures sont la première observation claire de l’accélération d’électrons relativistes par laser dans le vide (VLA). Enfin, l’étude simultanée des efficacités de génération des faisceaux d’électrons et d’harmoniques montre une corrélation nette entre les deux processus en régime relativiste
When focusing an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse [I>10¹⁶W/cm²] onto a solid target, this target is ionized at the very beginning of the laser pulse. The resulting dense plasma then reflects the laser in the specular direction: it is a plasma mirror. The ultra-intense laser field can accelerate electrons within the plasma at relativistic speeds. Some are ejected towards the vacuum and these plasma mirrors are therefore sources of relativistic electron beams. Moreover, at each optical cycle they radiate in the form of extreme ultraviolet light, resulting in the generation of high-order harmonics of the laser frequency (HHG). The objective of this PhD is to understand laser-plasma interaction though the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated from plasma mirrors. The first part deals with harmonic beam measurement. Due to the extreme physical conditions during the interaction, detection can only be performed at macroscopic distance from target. Thus, the characterization of the harmonic beams’ angular properties (carried out as a function of interaction conditions in previous works) only provides partial information on the interaction itself. A technique of coherent diffraction imaging, named ptychography, which consists of diffracting a probe onto an object, is transposed to HHG on plasma mirrors by optically micro-structuring the plasma on a target surface. Harmonic fields are then reconstructed spatially in amplitude and phase directly in the target plane. Thanks to this measurement in different interaction conditions, previously developed theoretical analytical models in non-relativistic regime [I<10¹⁸W/cm²] and relativistic regime [I>10¹⁸W/cm²] are experimentally validated. The second part of the PhD is dedicated to the experimental characterization of angular and spectral properties of relativistic electron beams. A theoretical and numerical study shows that this constitutes the first clear observation of vacuum laser acceleration (VLA). Finally, a simultaneous study of harmonic and electron signals highlights a strong correlation between both processes in the relativistic regime

Chopineau, Ludovic. "Physique attoseconde relativiste sur miroirs plasmas". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS132/document.

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Lors de la réflexion d’un laser femtoseconde ultra-intense [Iʟ > 10¹⁶ W/cm²] sur une cible solide, celle-ci est ionisée dès les premiers cycles de l’impulsion. Un plasma se détend alors vers le vide avec un profil exponentiel de longueur caractéristique Lg. Pour de faibles longueurs de gradient Lg < λʟ, le gradient plasma est considéré comme raide, il réfléchit spéculairement l’impulsion incidente : c’est un miroir plasma. De tels plasmas, réfléchissant pour la lumière, sont aujourd’hui exploités dans différentes applications scientifiques, comme l’accélération de particules par laser ou encore la génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé, associées dans le domaine temporel à un train d’impulsions attosecondes. Néanmoins, pour favoriser ces émissions de lumière ou de particules, le transfert d’énergie entre l’impulsion laser incidente et le plasma est essentiel. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ces interactions à l’aide de la caractérisation de ces deux observables physiques qui en sont issues : les émissions d’électrons relativistes et d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé. Tout d’abord, nous reportons dans ce manuscrit la première étude expérimentale et numérique détaillée des mécanismes de couplage laser-plasma dense impliqués en régime relativiste [Iʟ > 10¹⁸ W/cm²] en fonction notamment de la longueur caractéristique de gradient Lg. Cette étude a notamment permis d’identifier deux régimes distincts en fonction des conditions d’interaction, éclaircissant ainsi la physique régissant ces systèmes. Par ailleurs, au delà de cet aspect fondamental, le contrôle de ces sources est également essentiel pour de futures expériences. Pour cela, différentes approches permettant de mettre en forme spatialement et temporellement ces impulsions de lumière ultra-brèves ont été étudiées au cours de ce doctorat, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour l’utilisation de ces sources. En particulier, nous démontrons qu’il est possible d’introduire un moment angulaire orbital aux impulsions XUV attosecondes via la mise en forme spatiale du faisceau IR femtoseconde incident ou bien de plasma dense créé à la surface de la cible mais également de contrôler la dynamique des électrons de surface du plasma à l’échelle attoseconde à l’aide d’un champ incident à deux couleurs. Finalement, une méthode novatrice basée sur des mesures de ptychographie dynamique a été développée afin de caractériser spatio-temporellement ces impulsions de lumière ultra-brèves, constituant un enjeu majeur pour la communauté
When an ultra-intense femtosecond laser beam [Iʟ > 10¹⁶ W/cm²] is focused on a solid target, the surface becomes completely ionized during the first optical cycles of the laser pulse. Due to their solid-like density and to their limited expansion into the vacuum such plasmas specularly reflect these pulses, just like ordinary mirrors do for low intensity. These plasmas are now used in many scientific applications like particle acceleration by laser light as well as high-order harmonic generation, associated to a train of attosecond pulses in the time domain. Nevertheless, to favor these emissions of light or particle, the energy transfert between the incident field and the dense plasma is crucial. The aim of this thesis is to better understand these interactions through the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated on plasma mirrors. We reported in this manuscript the first detailed experimental and numerical study of the coupling mechanisms involved between an ultra-intense laser light [Iʟ > 10¹⁸ W/cm²] and a dense plasma, and more specifically as a function of the gradient scale length Lg. These results enabled to identify two different regimes, clarifying some physical issues. Furthermore, beyond these fondamental aspects, the control of these sources is essential, particularly for futures pump-probe experiments or new spectroscopies. For that, several approaches have been studied to temporally and spatially shape these ultra-short light pulses, thus opening up new perspectives for these sources. We demonstrate in particular the generation of intense XUV vortex beam either by spatially shaping the incident IR field or the dense plasma created at the target surface as well as controlling the electron dynamics on the attosecond time scale with relativistic two-color waveforms. Finally, an innovative method based on in-situ ptychographic measurements has been developed to simultaneously characterize in time and space these ultrashort XUV light pulses, constituting one of the major challenges of the community

Kiefer, Daniel. "Relativistic electron mirrors from high intensity laser nanofoil interactions". Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-153796.

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Kjellsson, Lindblom Tor. "Relativistic light-matter interaction". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147749.

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During the past decades, the development of laser technology has produced pulses with increasingly higher peak intensities. These can now be made such that their strength rivals, and even exceeds, the atomic potential at the typical distance of an electron from the nucleus. To understand the induced dynamics, one can not rely on perturbative methods and must instead try to get as close to the full machinery of quantum mechanics as practically possible. With increasing field strength, many exotic interactions such as magnetic, relativistic and higher order electric effects may start to play a significant role. To keep a problem tractable, only those effects that play a non-negligible role should be accounted for. In order to do this, a clear notion of their relative importance as a function of the pulse properties is needed. In this thesis I study the interaction between atomic hydrogen and super-intense laser pulses, with the specific aim to contribute to the knowledge of the relative importance of different effects. I solve the time-dependent Schrödinger and Dirac equations, and compare the results to reveal relativistic effects. High order electromagnetic multipole effects are accounted for by including spatial variation in the laser pulse. The interaction is first described using minimal coupling. The spatial part of the pulse is accounted for by a series expansion of the vector potential and convergence with respect to the number of expansion terms is carefully checked. A significantly higher demand on the spatial description is found in the relativistic case, and its origin is explained. As a response to this demanding convergence behavior, an alternative interaction form for the relativistic case has been developed and presented. As a guide mark for relativistic effects, I use the classical concept of quiver velocity, vquiv, which is the peak velocity of a free electron in the polarization direction of a monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave that interacts with the electron. Relativistic effects are expected when vquiv reaches a substantial fraction of the speed of light c, and in this thesis I consider cases up to vquiv=0.19c. For the present cases, relativistic effects are found to emerge around vquiv=0.16c .

Kiefer, Daniel [Verfasser], e Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schreiber. "Relativistic electron mirrors from high intensity laser nanofoil interactions / Daniel Kiefer. Betreuer: Jörg Schreiber". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1032131314/34.

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Zaim, Neïl. "Modeling electron acceleration driven by relativistic intensity few-cycle laser pulses on overdense plasmas". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX089.

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Nous étudions dans cette thèse théorique et numérique l'accélération d'électrons lors de l'interaction entre une impulsion laser d'intensité relativiste et un plasma surdense. Cette interaction est très sensible au profil de densité sur la face avant du plasma et deux régimes différents, correspondant à deux thématiques de recherche développées dans cette thèse, peuvent être considérés.Premièrement, pour des interfaces plasma-vide très abruptes, les mécanismes menant à l'émission d'électrons sont bien compris. Les électrons gagnent en particulier une grande quantité d'énergie lors de leur interaction dans le vide avec l'impulsion laser réfléchie. Nous proposons d'optimiser cette accélération en utilisant des faisceaux polarisés radialement, qui sont caractérisés par la présence d'un fort champ longitudinal, capable d'accélérer directement les électrons dans la direction de propagation du laser. Nous montrons que les plasmas surdenses conduisent à une accélération plus efficace que les autres méthodes existantes pour injecter des électrons dans une impulsion polarisée radialement. Ce résultat a été confirmé par des expériences effectuées récemment au CEA Saclay, au cours desquelles la possibilité d'accélérer des électrons dans la direction longitudinale, menant ce faisant à une diminution de la divergence angulaire du faisceau d'électrons, a été démontrée.Deuxièmement, pour des gradients de densité plasma plus grands, l'interaction n'est pas aussi bien comprise. Nous analysons des résultats expérimentaux obtenus récemment au LOA avec des impulsions de quelques cycles optiques et nous montrons que les électrons sont accélérés par une onde de sillage laser formée dans la partie quasi-critique du plasma. Ce processus ne se produit qu'avec des impulsions de quelques cycles optiques, en accord avec la condition de résonance, et se distingue par la rotation des ondes plasmas causée par le gradient de densité
This theoretical and numerical thesis is devoted to electron acceleration from the interaction between a relativistic intensity laser pulse and an overdense plasma. This interaction is very sensitive to the density profile at the plasma front surface and two different regimes, which correspond to two distinct lines of research investigated in this thesis, can be considered.First, for sharp plasma-vacuum interfaces, the mechanisms responsible for electron emission are well understood. The electrons receive in particular a large energy gain from their interaction in vacuum with the reflected laser. We propose to optimize the acceleration by using radially polarized beams, which exhibit a strong longitudinal electric field that can directly accelerate electrons in the laser propagation direction. We show that overdense plasmas lead to more efficient acceleration than other existing methods for injecting electrons into a radially polarized pulse. This result was confirmed by recent experiments performed at CEA Saclay, in which electron acceleration in the longitudinal direction, leading to a decrease in the electron beam angular spread, is demonstrated.Secondly, for larger plasma gradient scale lengths, the interaction is not as well understood. We analyze recent experiments performed in this regime at LOA with few-cycle pulses and find that electrons are accelerated by a laser wakefield formed in the near-critical part of the plasma. This process can only be driven by few-cycle pulses, by virtue of the resonant condition, and is characterized by the rotation of the plasma waves induced by the density gradient

Debayle, Arnaud. "Theoretical study of Ultra High Intensity laser-produced high-current relativistic electron beam transport through solid targets". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13708/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude théorique du transport d’un faisceau intense d’électrons relativistes dans une cible solide. Dans la première partie nous présentons les interprétations théoriques d’une partie des résultats d’une campagne d’expérience portant sur la production et le transport d’électrons relativistes dans une cible d’aluminium. Nous y démontrons la prédominance des e?ets collectifs sur les e?ets collisionels dans la première dizaine de microns de propagation grâce à des modèles de transports déjà existant au début de cette thèse. Ces modèles deviennent insu?sants dans le cas du transport de faisceau dans un isolant. Aussi, dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons un modèle de propagation du faisceau d’électrons relativistes dans un diélectrique incluant l’e?et de l’ionisation de la cible par le faisceau. Nous y quanti?ons les pertes d’énergies des électrons en fonction des paramètres du faisceau et du milieu environnant, et nous démontrons l’existence d’un régime de propagation pour lequel les électrons du plasma ne sont pas à l’équilibre thermodynamique local avec les ions. Ces résultats ont été comparés et con?rmés avec un code cinétique qui prend en compte l’ionisation par champ électrique et par collisions entre les électrons du plasma et les ions. Nous avons examiné la stabilité du faisceau et montré que ce dernier pouvait exciter deux types d’instabilités transverses sur des longueurs de propagation de l’ordre de 30 à 300 µm en fonction de la taille de la perturbation
This PhD thesis is a theoretical study of high-current relativistic electron beam transport through solid targets. In the ?rst part, we present an interpretation of a part of experimental results of laser– produced electron beam transport in aluminium foil targets. We have estimated the fast electron beam characteristics and we demonstrated that the collective e?ects dominate the transport in the ?rst tens of µm of propagation. These quantitative estimates were done with the transport models already existing at the beginning of this thesis. These models are no longer su?cient in the case a fast electron beam propagation in insulator targets. Thus, in the second part, we have developed a propagation model of the beam that includes the e?ects of electric ?eld ionization and the collisional ionization by the plasma electrons. We present estimates of the electron energy loss induced by the target ionization, and we discuss its dependence on the beam and target parameters. In the case of a relatively low fast electron density, we demonstrated that the beam creates a plasma where the electons are not in a local thermodynamic equilibrium with ions. We have examined the beam stability and we demonstrated that transverse instabilities can be excited by the relativistic electron beam over the propagation distances of 30 - 300 µm depending on the perturbation wavelength

Coury, Mireille. "Generation and transport of high-current relativistic electron beams in high intensity laser-solid interactions". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20410.

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In this thesis, the generation and transport of ultra-high intensity laser-driven relativistic electron beams in overdense plasma is investigated experimentally and numerically. The fast electron beam is experimentally diagnosed by means of a 2D Cu Ka imager and the TNSA-generated proton beam. Analytical models together with a 3D hybrid-PIC code are employed to simulate the beam properties in solids. The effects of the self-generated fields on the fast electron beam transport, the effect of the preplasma density scale length on the laser energy coupling to fast electrons and the influence of the laser spot size on the fast electron beam generation and transport, and on the subsequent proton beam, are reported. Fast electron injection and transport in metal foils irradiated at laser intensity up to 4 x 10²⁰ W/cm², is investigated . The beam transport is simulated over a wide range of beam source conditions and with or without inclusion of selfgenerated magnetic fields . The resulting hot electron beam properties are used in rear-surface plasma expansion calculations to compare with measurements of the beam of accelerated protons. An injection half-angle of ~ 50° - 70° is inferred, which is larger than that derived from previous experiments under similar conditions. The influence of laser spot size on laser energy coupling to electrons, and subsequently to the TNSA-generated protons, in foil targets is reported. Proton acceleration is characterized for laser intensities ranging from 2 x 10¹⁸ - 6 x 10²⁰ W/cm², by variation of the laser energy for a fixed spot size, and by variation of the spot size for a fixed energy. At a given laser pulse intensity, the maximum proton energy is higher under defocus illumination compared to tight focus. The results are explained in terms of higher laser pulse energy and geometrical changes to the hot electron injection. The laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency is investigated in metal foil s over a wide range of preplasma density scale lengths. A hybrid-PIC code is employed to model the fast electron beam transport in the solid, for a given hot electron source. The resulting fast electron density is used to infer the maximum proton energy for comparison with experimental results. It is shown, in agreement with previous published work, that some preplasma density scale length leads to an enhancement of the energy coupling efficiency of laser light to fast electrons.

Wilz, Mackenzie Charles. "Focused investigations of relativistic electron burst intensity, range, and dynamics space weather mission global positioning system". Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/wilz/WilzM0511.pdf.

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The FIREBIRD mission (Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics) is a low earth orbit, space weather, CubeSat mission which is comprised of a two satellite constellation. This constellation is responsible for the measurement of relativistic electron microbursts with very fine spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve the spatial and temporal requirements of the mission, a global positioning system (GPS), for the purpose of navigation position and timing, is to be implemented on both satellites within the constellation. The integration and testing of this subsystem is integral to the mission's success. The GPS hardware must be capable of fulfilling the requirements of the mission in order for the science data to be interpreted reliably. This means that the GPS hardware must not only be accurate but precise as well. Also, a driver must be implemented in software in order for this data from the GPS hardware to be received, interpreted, and stored by the command and data handling subsystem.

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Libri sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

Kostyukov, Viktor. Theory of quantum chemistry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1090584.

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The textbook summarizes the basic theories of quantum chemistry. A comparative analysis of the computational efficiency of computational algorithms implementing these theories from the point of view of the ratio "accuracy — resource intensity" is performed. Considerable attention is paid to the problem of accounting for electronic correlation, as well as relativistic quantum chemical effects. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduate students of higher educational institutions; it can be used by graduate students studying materials science, structural, organic and physical chemistry, molecular biology and biophysics, biotechnology.

Kiefer, Daniel. Relativistic Electron Mirrors: From High Intensity Laser–Nanofoil Interactions. Springer, 2014.

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Kiefer, Daniel. Relativistic Electron Mirrors: From High Intensity Laser–Nanofoil Interactions. Springer, 2016.

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Kiefer, Daniel. Relativistic Electron Mirrors: From High Intensity Laser-Nanofoil Interactions. Springer, 2014.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

Wang, H., O. Albere, J. Nees, D. Liu, G. Mourou e Z. Chang. "Generation of Relativistic Intensity Pulses at 300-Hz Repetition Rate". In Ultrafast Phenomena XII, 93–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56546-5_25.

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Pirozhkov, Alexander S., Sergei V. Bulanov, Timur Zh Esirkepov, Akito Sagisaka, Toshiki Tajima e Hiroyuki Daido. "Intensity Scalings of Attosecond Pulse Generation by the Relativistic-irradiance Laser Pulses". In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 265–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49119-6_35.

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Bowes, B. T., M. C. Downer, H. Langhoff, M. Wilcox, B. Hou, J. Nees e G. Mourou. "Ultrafast radial transport in a micron-scale aluminum plasma excited at relativistic intensity". In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 334–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27213-5_103.

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Rodionov, V. N. "Non-Hermitian $$\mathcal{PT}$$ PT -Symmetric Relativistic Quantum Theory in an Intensive Magnetic Field". In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 357–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31356-6_24.

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Metral, E., G. Rumolo e W. Herr. "Impedance and Collective Effects". In Particle Physics Reference Library, 105–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_4.

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AbstractAs the beam intensity increases, the beam can no longer be considered as a collection of non-interacting single particles: in addition to the “single-particle phenomena”, “collective effects” become significant. At low intensity a beam of charged particles moves around an accelerator under the Lorentz force produced by the “external” electromagnetic fields (from the guiding and focusing magnets, RF cavities, etc.). However, the charged particles also interact with themselves (leading to space charge effects) and with their environment, inducing charges and currents in the surrounding structures, which create electromagnetic fields called wake fields. In the ultra-relativistic limit, causality dictates that there can be no electromagnetic field in front of the beam, which explains the term “wake”. It is often useful to examine the frequency content of the wake field (a time domain quantity) by performing a Fourier transformation on it. This leads to the concept of impedance (a frequency domain quantity), which is a complex function of frequency. The charged particles can also interact with other charged particles present in the accelerator (leading to two-stream effects, and in particular to electron cloud effects in positron/hadron machines) and with the counter-rotating beam in a collider (leading to beam–beam effects). As the beam intensity increases, all these “perturbations” should be properly quantified and the motion of the charged particles will eventually still be governed by the Lorentz force but using the total electromagnetic fields, which are the sum of the external and perturbation fields. Note that in some cases a perturbative treatment is not sufficient and the problem has to be solved self consistently. These perturbations can lead to both incoherent (i.e. of a single particle) and coherent (i.e. of the centre of mass) effects, in the longitudinal and in one or both transverse directions, leading to beam quality degradation or even partial or total beam losses. Fortunately, stabilising mechanisms exist, such as Landau damping, electronic feedback systems and linear coupling between the transverse planes (as in the case of a transverse coherent instability, one plane is usually more critical than the other).

Sagisaka, A., H. Daido, K. Ogura, S. Orimo, Y. Hayashi, M. Nishiuchi, M. Mori et al. "Observation of Thin Foil Preformed Plasmas with a Relativistic-intensity Ultra-short Pulse Laser by Means of Two-color Interferometer". In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 273–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49119-6_36.

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Alcaraz-Muñoz, Verónica, María Isabel Cifo Izquierdo e José I. Alonso Roque. "When Playing Is Not About the Physical Sporting Experience". In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 134–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9621-0.ch008.

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The aim of this chapter was to examine the positive and negative emotional intensity in schoolchildren with and without sport experience, when participating in motor games. One hundred fifty-two students of Elementary Education (age range = 8–12 years, Mage = 9.72, SD = 1.18) belonging to two Spanish schools participated. After finishing each of the games, the students completed the Games and Emotions Scale for Children to assess the emotional intensity experienced. The intensity of positive emotions was higher (M = 3.71, SD = 0.89) than negative emotions (M = 1.18, SD = 0.25, p < 0.001). Sporting experience is not a determinant of the type of emotion experienced. However, it was found to relativise the average emotional intensity, both positive and negative. The results could benefit physical education teachers and practitioners by providing them with practical evidence-based information to organise teaching content, generating the desired motor behaviours through positive experiences.

Dyall, Kenneth G., e Knut Faegri. "Introduction". In Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.003.0005.

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The quote above from Paul Adrian Maurice Dirac (1929) has been somewhat of an article of faith for modern quantum chemistry. Intensive efforts on the development of theory, algorithms, and techniques have made computational quantum chemistry a very successful representative of the “third way” in modern science—computer modeling has come into its own alongside experiment and theory. Fifty years ago this was a branch of science where predictions were at best qualitative, founded on rather approximate models. Many of these models were quite sophisticated, and much of the insight gained is still valid and valuable, but the developments in both methods and computer hardware up to the present have very much transformed this field. Today standard quantum chemical methods are capable of predicting results with chemical accuracy: reaction energies may be determined within a few kilojoules per mole, and spectral data within a few reciprocal centimeters. At least, this sort of reliability can be expected for “normal” areas of application. Dirac’s main contribution to science was a merging of the two great developments of 20th century physics—quantum mechanics and the (special) theory of relativity. Most of the successful development in quantum chemistry has been based on nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This may be justified by considering that special relativity is needed primarily to describe objects moving at velocities approaching the speed of light, and that this is mostly not the case for chemical systems. After all, most chemical reactions and phenomena occur at energies below the relativistic domain. Or could relativistic effects nevertheless be important? Even without the recent advances in computational chemistry, it became clear fairly early that nonrelativistic theory was unable to explain certain trends in observed properties. A few examples will suffice to illustrate the anomalies. Experimental determination of the metal–carbon bond length in the group 12 dimethyl compounds showed an increase in bond length from Zn to Cd, but a decrease in bond length from Cd to Hg (Rao et al. 1960). The expected trend was an increase from Zn to Cd and again from Cd to Hg.

Suprun, Sergey P., Anatoly P. Suprun e Victor F. Petrenko. "An Object-Based Model in Physics". In Algorithms for Construction of Reality in Physics, 54–75. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049664122020007.

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A topological model of the object-based space is represented as a bundle allowing for a complete description of an object by specifying the intensity and rigidity of its properties, and the object itself is represented as a resultant vector. As a case study, an object-based space is constructed that makes it possible to obtain the relations of the special theory of relativity as the conservation laws of informational content without using the hypothesis on the existence of space and time.

Stewart, Ian. "6. Physical infinity". In Infinity: A Very Short Introduction, 91–102. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198755234.003.0007.

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‘Physical infinity’ moves from mathematics to the real world and tackles questions such as ‘is space infinite?’ In many areas of physics, the presence of an infinite quantity (often called a singularity) is construed as a warning that the theory is losing touch with reality. For instance, according to classical ray optics, the intensity of light at the focus of a lens is infinite. The physical resolution of this difficulty involves replacing light rays by waves. Singularities are discussed in three physical contexts: optics, Newtonian gravity, and Albert Einstein’s relativity. However, there’s one area of physics in which an actual infinity—physical, not conceptual—is presented as a possible truth: cosmology.

Atti di convegni sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

Bardsley, J. N., e B. M. Penetrante. "Creation of relativistic plasmas using ultra-high-intensity laser radiation". In Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1991.tub1.

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Theories of ponderomotive forces, relativistic focusing, and harmonic generation are reviewed, and nonlinear effects are demonstrated by using numerical simulations of plasmas produced by subpicosecond lasers.

Meyerhofer, D. D., C. I. Moore e J. P. Knauer. "Forward Ponderomotive Acceleration of Electrons from the Focus of a High-Intensity Laser". In High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hrfts.1994.tub2.

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The quiver motion of an electron in a high-intensity laser field becomes relativistic (β= v/c ~ 1) at high-field strengths. This relativistic motion can lead to the emission of second and higher harmonics of the laser field1 and to forward ponderomotive acceleration of the electrons emerging from the laser focus. We will present the first observations of forward ponderomotive acceleration of the electrons born by field ionization at the center of the laser focus.

Lachapelle, Amélie, Kazuto Otani, Sylvain Fourmaux, Stéphane Payeur, Steve Maclean, Michel Piché e Jean-Claude Kieffer. "Direct Laser Field Electron Acceleration in Relativistic Regime". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2016.hm6b.2.

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Ouillé, Marie, Frederik Boehle, Maxence Thévenet, Maimouna Bocoum, Aline Vernier, Magali Lozano, Jean-Philippe Rousseau et al. "Relativistic-Intensity Near-Single-Cycle KHz Laser Driver". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2018.ht2a.3.

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Ekanayake, Nagitha, Sui Luo, Patrick Grugan, Willow Crosby, Arielle Camilo, Caitlin McCowan, Rosie Scalzi et al. "Electron Shell Ionization of Atoms with Classical, Relativistic Scattering". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2014.hth3b.4.

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Tsaur, Gin-yih. "Relativistic birefringence induced by high-intensity laser field in plasma". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2011.hwc17.

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Chang Hee Nam, I. Jong Kim, Hyung Taek Kim, Ki Hong Pae, Il Woo Choi, Chul Min Kim, Seong Ku Lee, Jae Hee Sung e Tae Moon Jeong. "Laser particle acceleration at relativistic laser intensity". In 2014 International Conference Laser Optics. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lo.2014.6886329.

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Wang, H., O. Albert, D. Liu, G. Mourou e Z. Chang. "Generation of Relativistic Intensity Pulses at kHz". In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2000.mf14.

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Arefiev, Alexey, Matthew McCormick, Hernan Quevedo, Roger Bengtson e Todd Ditmire. "Observation of Self-Sustaining Relativistic Ionization Wave Launched by Sheath Field". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2014.hth3b.6.

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Veisz, Laszlo, Daniel Cardenas, Laura Di Lucchio, Tobias Ostermayr, Luisa Hofmann, Matthias Kling, Jörg Schreiber e Paul Gibbon. "Sub-5-fs laser-driven nanophotonics in the relativistic intensity regime". In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2018.ht2a.1.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Intensité relativiste":

I.Y. Dodin, N.J. Fisch e G.M. Fraiman. Lagrangian Formulation of Relativistic Particle Average Motion in a Laser Field of Arbitrary Intensity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811961.

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