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1
Septiana, Egi, Aedah Binti Abd Rahman e Khaerul Manaf. "Development and Analysis of GIS Regional Political Profiles in West Java Utilizing the Spatial Overlay Join Method". CoreID Journal 2, n. 1 (24 marzo 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.60005/coreid.v2i1.25.
Abstract (sommario):
This research aims to build Geographic Information System (GIS) of Political Region Profiles in West Java using the Overlay Spatial Join method. The study addresses the political complexity in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, which serves as a significant political base. The success of political campaigns requires a profound understanding of voter preferences, demographic dynamics, and local issues. Limited access to accurate location data poses a serious obstacle to the effective design of campaign strategies. This research responds to these challenges by designing a GIS that integrates political and spatial data. The research focuses on West Java, where regional diversity poses unique challenges. Through the Overlay Spatial Join method, the research aims to provide in-depth insights into political region profiles, serving as a foundation for intelligent political campaign strategies. The benefits of the research include an understanding of regional characteristics, performance comparisons of political parties, and in-depth analysis for campaign resource efficiency. The system integrates data from various sources, provides spatial visualization, and enables the analysis of regional profiles for the identification of deep political information. The research's contribution is not only academic but also practical in enhancing the effectiveness of democracy and general elections in West Java.
2
Najib Husain, La Ode Muhammad Elwan e Ales. "ANALISIS POTENSI CALON INDEPENDEN VERSUS CALON PARTAI POLITIK PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN TAHUN 2020". Journal Publicuho 6, n. 1 (27 marzo 2023): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i1.93.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to find out the potential of independent candidates in the midst of a battle for political party support and what are the factors that influence the vote acquisition of independent candidates in the 2020 simultaneous elections in the Konawe Islands Regency. This research method uses a qualitative approach, data sources through interviews, observation and document study. Data analysis used interactive analysis according to Mile Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the study show that from the electability and political image of this independent candidate, this is quite good, this is of course seen from the public's response and also seen from the vote acquisition, which is 29%. independent candidates carry out campaigns directly by visiting residents' homes and also to several villages as well as indirect campaigns by using social media to campaign and create the FBW TV Channel to introduce themselves and seek support so that they become strengths and differentiators from other candidates. Factors influencing independent candidates are the existence of a measurable and rational vision and mission, support from community leaders and first-time voters, and the image and reputation of independent candidates as a differentiator from candidates promoted by political parties. A track record in the bureaucracy and a good, intelligent and honest profile are factors of influence in political contestation in the regions.
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Ales, Ales, e Amiruddin Amiruddin. "Kekuatan Calon Independen Di Tengah Pertarungan Dukungan Partai Politik". Jurnal Sultra Sains 5, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54297/sultrasains.v5i1.431.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to find out how the strength of independent candidates is in the midst of a battle for political party support and what are the factors that influence the vote acquisition of independent candidates in the 2020 simultaneous elections in the Konawe Islands Regency. Judging from the electability and political image of the independent candidate, this is quite good. This is of course seen from the public's response and also seen from the vote acquisition they have, which is 29% and another strength possessed by the independent candidate pair is to carry out a campaign directly by visiting homes. residents and also to several villages as well as indirect campaigns using social media to campaign and also create the FBW TV Channel to introduce themselves and seek support, this is a strength and differentiator from other candidates. Internal factors, namely the goals and Vision and Mission are quite good according to the community where this independent candidate is in making work programs by looking at what the community and millennials need, not only that the birthplace of this independent candidate is also a factor in the high vote acquisition. External Factors The image and reputation of these independent candidates is what differentiates them from the candidates promoted by political parties. Where this independent candidate is known to have good and populist characteristics and is also a former BAPPEDA whose policies are not so controversial in society and also the credibility of the independent candidate that is owned is no longer in doubt. the person is known to be both intelligent and also good at speaking and able to lead the Konawe Islands Regency.
4
Wallace, Adrienne. "Who will watch the watchers? The state of United States artificial intelligence policy and self-regulation in an ever-changing digital world." Newhouse Impact Journal 1, n. 1 (2024): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/jn.29960819.2024.1.1.03.
Abstract (sommario):
As regulators seek to keep up with the sheer pace of tech change in the AI space, it is likely that we will see a shift from high-level principles to concrete public policy with the public sector first. However, as is to be expected, the idea of self-regulation in technology-by-technology companies poses the obvious issues minimally presenting an earnest conflict of interest within the very process of legislation. Influential tech company voices in discussions related to AI regulations can't be privileged over the rest of society's needs or concerns. AI is revolutionizing various aspects of society, including employment and political campaigns but it does pose certain risks. As a result, policymakers are in a hurry to safeguard the public from AI-related risks while ensuring that innovation remains unhampered. The need to foresee additional regulation in this space is important for deploying AI in operations in all industries. The AI community, specifically, ought to adopt a proactive approach in advocating for the responsible and intelligent utilization of these technologies.
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Chansanam, Wirapong, Kulthida Tuamsuk, Kanyarat Kwiecien e Sam Oh. "Korean popular culture analytics in social media streaming: evidence from YouTube channels in Thailand". International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 7, n. 3 (30 novembre 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v7i3.769.
Abstract (sommario):
This research aimed to study and analyze the influence and impact of Korean popular culture (K-pop) on Thai society. In this study, we used Social Network Analysis (SNA) to analyze streaming data obtained from a variety of YouTube channels belonging to YouTubers across the world, text analytics to analyze demographic characteristics, YouTuber's presentation techniques, as well as subscriber behavior, and multiple correlations analysis to analyze the relationship between factors affecting YouTube Channels in Thailand. The findings revealed that five Thai YouTube Channels were influencing Thai society. Furthermore, there were robust positive correlations between the number of dislikes and the number of comments (0.79), and the number of likes and comments (0.65). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the number of views and the number of dislikes and one between the number of likes and dislikes. Future research can supplement the present findings with other social media sources to yield an even more diverse and comprehensive analysis. These analytics can be applied to various situations, including corporate marketing strategies, political campaigns, or disease/symptom analysis in medicine. This research extends to social computing by revealing intelligent trends in social networks.
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Tomić, Zoran, Tomislav Damnjanović e Ivan Tomić. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS". South Eastern European Journal of Communication 5, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2023): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47960/2712-0457.2.5.17.
Abstract (sommario):
Modern political campaigns are in constant flux and are influenced by numerous factors. Voters are constantly on the move, making segmentation significantly challenging. Simultaneously, literacy and education levels among the electorate are increasing every day, leading to a more critical attitude towards the persuasion process. In addition, changes in technology and the development of infor‑ mation and communication systems directly and drastically impact the shaping and management of modern campaigns. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning have been influenc‑ ing the creation of modern political campaigns for a decade. The significance of artificial intelligence enhances the power of big data, algorithms, and, consequently, social networks. The authors explore the impact of artificial intelligence on the planning and execution of political campaigns and the resulting consequences for political candidates, parties, and society. Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), political campaigns, big data, algorithms, voters, ethics
7
Xia, Meng, Qian Zhu, Xingbo Wang, Fei Nie, Huamin Qu e Xiaojuan Ma. "Persua: A Visual Interactive System to Enhance the Persuasiveness of Arguments in Online Discussion". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (7 novembre 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555210.
Abstract (sommario):
Persuading people to change their opinions is a common practice in online discussion forums on topics ranging from political campaigns to relationship consultation. Enhancing people's ability to write persuasive arguments could not only practice their critical thinking and reasoning but also contribute to the effectiveness and civility in online communication. It is, however, not an easy task in online discussion settings where written words are the primary communication channel. In this paper, we derived four design goals for a tool that helps users improve the persuasiveness of arguments in online discussions through a survey with 123 online forum users and interviews with five debating experts. To satisfy these design goals, we analyzed and built a labeled dataset of fine-grained persuasive strategies (i.e., logos, pathos, ethos, and evidence) in 164 arguments with high ratings on persuasiveness from ChangeMyView, a popular online discussion forum. We then designed an interactive visual system, Persua, which provides example-based guidance on persuasive strategies to enhance the persuasiveness of arguments. In particular, the system constructs portfolios of arguments based on different persuasive strategies applied to a given discussion topic. It then presents concrete examples based on the difference between the portfolios of user input and high-quality arguments in the dataset. A between-subjects study shows suggestive evidence that Persua encourages users to submit more times for feedback and helps users improve more on the persuasiveness of their arguments than a baseline system. Finally, a set of design considerations was summarized to guide future intelligent systems that improve the persuasiveness in text.
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Ustinovich, Elena Stepanovna. "Generative artificial intelligence in the electoral processes of 2024 in the world: disinformation campaigns and online trolls". Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), n. 3 (15 marzo 2024): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2403-03.
Abstract (sommario):
The article conducts research and presents some conclusions about the role of generative artificial intelligence in electoral processes. Most of the election campaigns of the heads of state and parliament of the countries of the world involve the use of modern information and communication, digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies. The use of artificial intelligence in an election campaign can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a campaign, but it can also lead to misinformation of the public. Today, destructive attempts to influence people, societies and entire states are no longer new challenges on the Internet, in connection with which outright lies, political propaganda, incitement to hatred, manipulative technologies are firmly rooted in the Internet space and the latest technologies are actively used for this. The use of bots, or automated social media accounts, has greatly facilitated the dissemination of deliberately false information, as well as false rumors and other types of misinformation. However, the bots used earlier in the elections often produced poorly constructed, grammatically incorrect sentences. Now that the creation of large language models (artificial intelligence systems that create text) is becoming more accessible to more people, some researchers fear that automated social media accounts will soon become much more convincing. Disinformation campaigns and online trolls will increasingly use generative AI to spread false information about elections. Thus, new technologies can cause some harm to the social security of society.
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López-López, Paulo Carlos, Daniel Barredo-Ibáñez e Erika Jaráiz-Gulías. "Research on Digital Political Communication: Electoral Campaigns, Disinformation, and Artificial Intelligence". Societies 13, n. 5 (15 maggio 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13050126.
10
Iasulaitis, Sylvia, e Isabella Vicari. "The Salience of Traditional Moral Values: Bolsonaro’s Electoral Competition Strategy on Twitter". International Journal of Social Science Studies 9, n. 5 (30 agosto 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i5.5313.
Abstract (sommario):
This article analyzes the electoral competition strategy adopted by the Brazilian presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro on Twitter, supported by the saliency theory – where candidates compete by emphasizing different topics and selecting issues from a universal agenda to focus the campaign’s attention and efforts. The salience Bolsonaro’s winning campaign attributed to values during the 2018 presidential election. Values are attitudinal guidelines related to different social, religious, economic, and political concepts, covering various topics on views about what is desirable or undesirable in a society. The study used content analysis to explore and categorize a corpus of 809 tweets posted in the account @jairbolsonaro. The data was mined by applying computational intelligence methods and using the public API and the Python Twint library. Four dimensions of cultural variance found in the World Values Survey were used to establish the categories: traditional values, rational-secular values, survival values, and self-expression values. The results show that the content of Bolsonaro’s electoral competition strategy was based on traditional moral values and the campaign’s format was developed primarily via social media.
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Widener, Patricia. "E-Fears, E-Risks and Citizen-Intelligence: Surveillance Impacts on Research and Confidentiality". Surveillance & Society 14, n. 2 (21 settembre 2016): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v14i2.6271.
Abstract (sommario):
This research note links the covert and overt chilling effects of cyber-surveillance on activist campaigns and on the social research of social movement actors in campaigns of resistance. Based on fieldwork in Aotearoa New Zealand during campaigns of resistance against offshore and onshore oil and gas proposals, this note explores how surveillance fears impact the public gatherings and information-sharing of citizen-activists and how the researcher may fail to ensure participant confidence and confidentiality, thereby becoming the researched and documented as well. The actions and commitments of both parties, the citizen-activist and the researcher of grassroots and social movements, may be strengthened or impeded by the degree of expected, though rarely verified, political and economic surveillance.
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Arnold-Murray, Katherine. "Multimodally constructed dialogue in political campaign commercials". Journal of Pragmatics 173 (febbraio 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.11.014.
13
Gregory, Derek. "From a View to a Kill". Theory, Culture & Society 28, n. 7-8 (dicembre 2011): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423027.
Abstract (sommario):
The proponents of late modern war like to argue that it has become surgical, sensitive and scrupulous, and remotely operated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or ‘drones’ have become diagnostic instruments in contemporary debates over the conjunction of virtual and ‘virtuous’ war. Advocates for the use of Predators and Reapers in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns have emphasized their crucial role in providing intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance, in strengthening the legal armature of targeting, and in conducting precision-strikes. Critics claim that their use reduces late modern war to a video game in which killing becomes casual. Most discussion has focused on the covert campaign waged by CIA-operated drones in Pakistan, but it is also vitally important to interrogate the role of United States Air Force-operated drones in Afghanistan. In doing so, it becomes possible to see that the problem there may not be remoteness and detachment but, rather, the sense of proximity to ground troops inculcated by the video feeds from the aerial platforms.
14
Wogu, Ikedinachi Ayodele Power, Sharon Nanyongo N. Njie, Jesse Oluwafemi Katende, George Uzoma Ukagba, Morris Oziegbe Edogiawerie e Sanjay Misra. "The Social Media, Politics of Disinformation in Established Hegemonies, and the Role of Technological Innovations in 21st Century Elections". International Journal of Electronic Government Research 16, n. 3 (luglio 2020): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2020070104.
Abstract (sommario):
Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.
15
Asiryan, S. "Use of artificial intelligence during elections, practice, threats to the right to vote and ways to overcome them". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n. 77 (13 luglio 2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.2.
Abstract (sommario):
This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in elections and its impact on the right to votr. It examines the practical aspects of the application of AI in the electoral process, as well as the potential threats it may pose to democratic principles and human rights.
The paper analyzes various aspects of the use of AI during elections, including the automation of vote counting, election forecasting, and the impact of social media and crowdsourcing on political advertising. It also explores the potential of using AI to detect electoral fraud and manipulation, such as disinformation and falsification of results.
However, the article also draws attention to the threats that arise in connection with the use of AI during elections. These threats include the possibility of manipulation of election results, violations of the privacy, and the possibility of creating artificial accounts or bots to mass influence public opinion.
Finally, the article examines ways to overcome these threats and protect human electoral rights. It discusses the need to develop effective laws and regulations to ensure the transparency, auditability and security of electoral processes that use AI. It also considers the importance of educating voters and politicians about these technologies and the conscious use of AI in political processes. In addition, the article considers the importance of international cooperation and the creation of standards for the ethical use of AI by electoral bodies and political actors. However, the use of artificial intelligence during elections can also pose threats to citizens' right to vote. For example, there may be a lack of transparency and accountability of the algorithms used to analyze election data and make decisions. This can lead to unfair or hidden influence on the election process and voting results.
In addition, there is a risk of artificial intelligence being misused to manipulate voters by spreading false information or manipulating political sentiment. Algorithms can be configured to enhance certain views or suppress others, which can expose the electoral process and violate the principles of democratic elections.
Effective legal regulation is necessary to overcome the threats associated with the use of artificial intelligence during elections.
It is important to establish mandatory norms regarding the transparency and accountability of algorithms used during election processes. This may include requiring disclosure of the underlying principles and logic underlying algorithms, as well as mandatory testing and independent verification of their effectiveness and lack of bias.
It is necessary to consider the introduction of restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of political advertising and information campaign. This may include restrictions on the use of personalized advertising, mandatory identification and disclosure of sources of funding for political advertising campaigns, as well as regulation of the use of social networks.
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Bolt, Valentina. "The Image of A. V. Suvorov Through the Eyes of the Participants in the Campaign of 1799". ISTORIYA 14, n. 8 (130) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027890-8.
Abstract (sommario):
Figure A. V. Suvorov has been a reference military leader for more than two centuries in Russian historical memory. His image began to be formed during the life of the general, and by 1799 his name was widely known both in Russia and abroad. Participants in the last military campaign of the field marshal noted in their memoirs his appearance, atypical for traditional idea of a Russian hero, but it was offset by the strength of his character, intelligence and memory of numerous victories that connected him with veterans of not only the Russian, but also the Austrian army. Among the contemporaries of the campaigns of 1799, there were different attitudes to the extraordinary behavior of the commander, but all agreed that he was a bright figure and knowingly became the subject of numerous historical anecdotes.
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Aulia Rahman, Rofi, Valentino Nathanael Prabowo, Aimee Joy David e József Hajdú. "Constructing Responsible Artificial Intelligence Principles as Norms: Efforts to Strengthen Democratic Norms in Indonesia and European Union". PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 9, n. 2 (2022): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a5.
Abstract (sommario):
Artificial Intelligence influences democratic norms and principles. It affects the quality of democracy since it triggers hoaxes, irresponsible political campaign, and data privacy violations. The study discusses the legal framework and debate in the regulation of Artificial Intelligence in the European Union legal system. The study is a doctrinal legal study with conceptual and comparative approach. It aims to criticize the current doctrine of democracy. The analysis explored the law on election and political party in Indonesia to argue that the democratic concept is outdated. On the other hand, the European Union has prepared future legal framework to harmonize Artificial Intelligence and democracy. The result of the study indicates that the absence of law on Artificial Intelligence might be the fundamental reason of the setback of democracy in Indonesia. Therefore, the Indonesian legal system must regulate a prospective Artificial Intelligence regulation and a new democratic concept by determining the new principles of responsible Artificial Intelligence into drafts of laws on Artificial Intelligence, election, and political party. Finally, the new laws shall control programmers, politicians, governments, and voters who create and use Artificial Intelligence technology. In addition, these legal principles shall be the guideline to prevent the harms and to mitigate the risks of Artificial Intelligence technology as well as the effort to strengthen democracy.
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DAVIES, HUW J. "Wellington's First Command: The Political and Military Campaign Against Dhoondiah Vagh, February–September 1800". Modern Asian Studies 44, n. 5 (4 febbraio 2010): 1081–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990345.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractWellington's first independent command has been seen as a short, but intense, ‘baptism of fire’ in which the young Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Wellesley commanded a small force against the insurgent, or ‘freebooter’, Dhoondiah Vagh. New evidence presented here, however, demonstrates that the three-month military campaign was preceded by several months of political negotiation and intelligence gathering designed to isolate Dhoondiah and starve him of sanctuary, support and sustenance. As a result, the campaign was much more complex than previously thought, and demonstrates important lessons about British imperial expansion in the region at the beginning of the nineteenth century, on the nature of British authority in India, and on the opening stages of the military career of the future Duke of Wellington.
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Cohen, Raymond. "Israeli military intelligence before the 1956 Sinai Campaign". Intelligence and National Security 3, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 100–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431931.
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Charters, David A. "British intelligence in the Palestine campaign, 1945–47". Intelligence and National Security 6, n. 1 (gennaio 1991): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432093.
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Schellekens, Jasper. "Release the bots of war: social media and Artificial Intelligence as international cyber attack". Przegląd Europejski, n. 4-2021 (9 dicembre 2021): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.10.
Abstract (sommario):
The possibility of conducting attacks on critical infrastructure of States prompted a re-evaluation of the jus ad bellum in cyberspace and the drafting of the Tallinn Manual at the behest of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. Artificial intelligence combined with the use of social media platforms that have access to large audience has opened a new avenue of international dynamics, posing a potential threat to the political independence of states. This article presents the analogy in the use of algorithmic targeting misinformation and influence campaigns and cyber attacks, as well as examines the roles of the various actors in the international sphere with a view on understanding what actions, if any, nations can undertake to counter these threats to their political independence under international law.
22
Harbisher, Ben. "Unthinking Extremism: Britain's Fusion Intelligence Complex and the Radicalizing Narratives that Legitimize Surveillance". Surveillance & Society 13, n. 3/4 (26 ottobre 2015): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i3/4.5436.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this paper is to examine how Britain's Public Authorities and private investors alike have come to define common activists as terrorists, using a range of security methods that have gained surprising ground during the past decade. In short, newfound terms such as "extremism" have been popularised to condemn the activities of groups such as al Qaeda and ISIS (Islamic State), but at the same time have been applied to campaigners for the 'far less politically correct deterrence of dissenting public discourse' (Leman-Langlois, 2009). This paper therefore argues that with the application of terms such as "extremists" to Britain's campaigners, these signifiers have notably radicalized protest groups - not by virtue of their actions per se[1], but by way of the very deliberate repositioning of activists within national security and counter-terrorism frameworks. Nevertheless, it should be recognised that while such narratives are being disseminated at both a national and regional level in the UK, they also form part of a wider Strategic Dialogue, which occurs throughout the West[2]. Indeed the ultimately aim of such practices is to criminalize all forms of extremism (including public acts of direct action), for their capacity to incite civil unrest. Fundamentally speaking, while significant work has been undertaken by leading academics from Europe, Canada, and the USA, relatively little is known about Britain's fusion intelligence centres, in which case the following paper aims to make a valuable contribution to this emerging trend in the policing of domestic affairs, by highlighting the operational protocols and legitimizing narratives that are in use today.[1] Though the strategic dissemination of this dialogue, forms part of an overall campaign to reduce popular sympathy for demonstrators.[2] See the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), regarding the international mobilization of counter-terrorism/ extremism narratives.
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Luvaas, Jay. "Napoleon's use of intelligence: The Jena campaign of 1805". Intelligence and National Security 3, n. 3 (luglio 1988): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431958.
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Wilner, Alex S. "Cybersecurity and its discontents: Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and digital misinformation". International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 73, n. 2 (giugno 2018): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702018782496.
Abstract (sommario):
The future of cybersecurity is in flux. Artificial intelligence challenges existing notions of security, human rights, and governance. Digital misinformation campaigns leverage fabrications and mistruths for political and geostrategic gain. And the Internet of Things—a digital landscape in which billions of wireless objects from smart fridges to smart cars are tethered together—provides new means to distribute and conduct cyberattacks. As technological developments alter the way we think about cybersecurity, they will likewise broaden the way governments and societies will have to learn to respond. This policy brief discusses the emerging landscape of cybersecurity in Canada and abroad, with the intent of informing public debate and discourse on emerging cyber challenges and opportunities.
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Muzaffarsyah, Teuku, Bobby Rahman, Zulhilmi Zulhilmi, Eny Dameria e Mahdi Mahdi. "Pandangan Masyarakat Desa terhadap Dinamika Politik Pasca Pemilihan Gubernur Aceh 2017". ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC POLICY 7, n. 1 (1 aprile 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52137/apjpp.v7i1.60.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to understand and look closely political beliefs of the villagers in the North Aceh Regency after the 2017 gubernatorial election. A qualitative method was employed and the data were generated from written or spoken words from people and their behaviors. Observations and personal in-depth interviews were conducted to collect rigorous information from the informants at a village in the North Aceh district, Indonesia. The finding reported that the behavior of the community in responding to the political dynamics after the election for Governor of Aceh in 2017 continued to behave according to the conditions of a political party that they supported to achieve particular goals. Their responses were increasingly rational and willing to accept differences and participated based on shared awareness to build the nation so that they could feel the welfare of living in peace. The finding implies that societies now can no longer be lied to with irrational promises from the politicians during the political campaign. People are now becoming intelligent and rational in the political election because they have learned lessons from numerous political blunders in the past.
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Luvaas, Jay. "The role of intelligence in the chancellorsville campaign, April‐May, 1863". Intelligence and National Security 5, n. 2 (aprile 1990): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432048.
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Mankoo, Sandeep Singh. "DeepFakes- The Digital Threat in the Real World". Gyan Management Journal 17, n. 1 (6 marzo 2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/gmj.2022.17.1.8.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives: Understanding and Tackling the alarming surge of Digital Imposters known as the world of DeepFakes.
Methods: Using Artificial Intelligence based Deep Machine Learning software; Cyber Forensics; Physical mind awareness and alertness! Deepfakes use Artificial Intelligence and Deep Machine Learning techniques to make fake images, of people and events, which are as attractive/ authentic as the original. Deepfakes is the next big Challenge
in Cyber Security, taking the Security mindset to the next high level. Findings: On date we have no Specialized High-Tech support at hand to handle such an extremity. We can’t even imagine that if it was a crisis. The impact might be ruinous; it can be anything. In one of the recent live impersonation cases, A Mayor of Berlin thought he was having an online meeting with former boxing champion and current mayor of Kyiv, Vital Klitschko, but later on turned out to be a conversation with a deepfake, an AI generated fake videotape, looking real and authentic. Previous DeepFake videos had some tell-tale signs that a commodity/ person/ event wasn’t real; edit or odd movements. Not presently. In recent Delhi Elections, the BJP Candidate Mr. Manoj Tiwari fabricated his old speech on “Citizenship Amendment Act” into a political campaign speech to reach different linguistic voter bases, especially Haryanvi voters. Tiwari did not have any knowledge about Haryanvi, but made his political campaign message reach Haryanvi voters through DeepFake Technology.
Novelty: Massive Online Videos on Internet!
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Santander, Pedro, Claudio Elórtegui e Camila Buzzo. "Twitter, Presidential Debates and Attention Economy: A Symbiosis between Television Audience and Social Media Users during Campaign Season". Communication & Society 33, n. 3 (1 giugno 2020): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.33.3.51-65.
Abstract (sommario):
The year 2017 was an intense electoral year in Chile, both parliamentary and presidential. In this context, by using computer intelligence, an interdisciplinary team conducted a collection and volumetric analysis of over 3 million Twitter messages belonging to users that mentioned, at least once, any of the presidential candidates, both in the first and second voting round. Our goal was focused on analyzing the relationship between traditional media (radio and television) and Twitter, probing user interactions during the broadcast of live political shows, with emphasis on presidential debates. For this purpose, we carried out a volumetric analysis of all mentions in social media during the broadcast of live political shows to characterize the digital attention of the audience, under different parameters. Our results show that there is high user interest in the digital debate regarding presidential debates, a positive correlation between traditional media and Twitter during the broadcast of live political shows, and that, also, the latter trigger social media; furthermore, we verify the double screen phenomenon made possible by mobile platforms.
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Zaytsev, Stanislav Y. "Political Power of Digital Transnational Corporations: To the Problem of Research". RUDN Journal of Public Administration 10, n. 1 (30 marzo 2023): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2023-10-1-116-129.
Abstract (sommario):
The spread of digital technologies in the everyday life of citizens (social networks, streaming video, messengers) and in the socio-political sphere («smart city», e-government) has led to an increase in the power of transnational corporations specializing in the development and launch of these products and services on the market - digital TNCs. Thanks to the increase in financial power, such firms became actors that were able to influence the political sphere, for example, by influencing the views and attitudes of voters during electoral campaigns or mass protests, collecting confidential user data and providing it to intelligence agencies, etc. The purpose of the article is to characterize digital TNCs as actors with political power. To analyze the activities of digital TNCs at the present stage, the author applied the approach of Marius Busemeyer and Kathleen Thelen, who proposed to consider business representatives as actors with instrumental, structural and institutional sources of power. It is concluded that at the present stage, digital TNCs implement an instrumental and structural type of power, and also have the potential to implement institutional power, which involves the replacement of a number of government functions.
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Hajdúková, Tatiana. "Techniques for Manipulating Public Opinion in the Online Space During an Election Campaign as a Hybrid Threat". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 13, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0002.
Abstract (sommario):
A characteristic element of democratic society is the right of citizens to express their will in free elections. Fears about the future lower the credibility of public institutions and make it easier to interfere in electoral processes, which motivates many calculated attempts to fragment political debates. The present study points to tools that can be used to influence public opinion in the online space. Emphasis is put on the EU 27 countries, where an analysis of the development of Internet use was carried out. The goal of the paper is to point out other methods of manipulation available in the online environment, such as disinformation, defamation of a specific candidate, and artificial intelligence, which are employed and misused to massively influence public opinion. Regulation in this area is questionable, because restricting freedom of expression of a political nature directly affects a democracy, for which the widest freedom of expression is crucial. The article points out new legislative changes taking place in the EU which are focused on tightening the rules of political advertising.
Received: 21 August 2023 / Accepted: 19 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024
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Cushman, Ellery G., e Kiril Avramov. "Eurosodom: Specifics of Weaponized Sexuality and Gender-Based Narratives in Contemporary Russian and Pro-Russian Disinformation". Revista ICONO14 Revista científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías emergentes 19, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 123–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v19i1.1626.
Abstract (sommario):
The Kremlin, under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin, has sponsored a resurgence of political warfare against Western targets. This analysis will focus on a particular aspect of Kremlin-sponsored political warfare: sexuality and gender-based narratives in Russian and pro-Russian disinformation campaigns targeting EU and aspiring members from 2015-2020. The potency of these narratives arises from the emotional and cognitive load that they elicit. Their significance is often overlooked in security, intelligence, and communication studies. In order to alleviate this gap, this article consists of a mixed-methods analysis in order to analyze the role and function of these narratives within the larger body of Russian disinformation. This research shows that sexuality and gender-based disinformation narratives are designed to target basic human emotions, such as fear, anger, hostility, confusion, and disgust, by exploiting existing cognitive biases within the targeted population. These narratives are a useful and effective political and propaganda tool meant to elicit support for a specific brand of traditional values that furthers the Kremlin’s geopolitical aim of creating an alternative to Western liberal hegemony.
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Goulter, Christina. "The role of intelligence in coastal command's anti‐shipping campaign, 1940–45". Intelligence and National Security 5, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432036.
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Muhareb, Mahmoud. "The Zionist Disinformation Campaign in Syria and Lebanon during the Palestinian Revolt, 1936–1939". Journal of Palestine Studies 42, n. 2 (2013): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2013.42.2.6.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on declassified reports in the Central Zionist Archives, this article brings to light a virtually unknown disinformation project implemented by the Jewish Agency (the governing body of the Yishuv before 1948) in the Arab world during the 1936-39 Palestinian revolt. Operating via a JA front organization—an Arabic-language news agency set up in Cairo—and out of the Jerusalem-based JA Political department’s intelligence services, the project involved inter alia the planting of fabricated articles in the Lebanese and Syrian press with the aim of influencing public opinion. Whatever the project’s impact, the article provides insights into the Zionist leadership’s thinking, internal debates, and operating methods, and shows the degree of corruption that existed in certain segments of the Arab elite.
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Tieleman, Matthijs. "“No Intrigue Is Spared”: Anglo-American Intelligence Networks in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic". Itinerario 45, n. 1 (22 marzo 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000036.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article surveys previously underexamined American and British intelligence networks that operated in the Netherlands during the eighteenth century and demonstrates the relevance of the eighteenth-century Dutch Republic to the larger history of the Netherlands, early modern Europe, and the revolutionary Atlantic. The Dutch Republic's favourable geographic location, its postal services, its sophisticated press, and its mercantile economy made it an ideal place to extract information and build intelligence networks, shaping power politics in the eighteenth-century British Atlantic. Additionally, this article illustrates how these Anglo-American intelligence networks affected the Dutch Republic and the revolutionary Atlantic. In the late 1770s, American revolutionaries successfully deployed their intelligence network to unleash a propaganda campaign that aimed to convince the Dutch public of their cause. By infiltrating the liberal and sophisticated Dutch printing press, the American revolutionaries not only succeeded in fostering political support among the Dutch public; they also created a transatlantic intellectual exchange with the Dutch opposition that laid the foundations of the Dutch Patriot movement of the 1780s and ultimately the dissolution of the Dutch Republic as a whole in 1795.
35
Aldrich, Richard J. "‘Even Had I Wanted To... ’: Intelligence and Special Operations in the Falklands Campaign". International Relations 20, n. 3 (settembre 2006): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117806066714.
36
Zamulin, V. N. "The Red Army’s Plans in Documents of German Intelligence Agencies Prior to Operation Citadel". Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S8 (dicembre 2022): S737—S750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622140131.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Previously unstudied documents of the Wehrmacht for 1943 are examined. The documents, kept in the Federal Archives of Germany, are used to analyze the activities of Foreign Armies East, an intelligence branch of the German army’s General Staff, in processing intelligence information from special services and preparing reports for the Supreme Command and personally for Adolf Hitler during the conceptual development and planning of Operation Citadel, the key operation in the summer campaign of 1943.
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Shiu-Hing Lo, Sonny. "The Influence of Hong Kong's Policing on China". Asian Survey 51, n. 4 (luglio 2011): 770–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.4.770.
Abstract (sommario):
Police cooperation includes joint anti-crime campaigns, intelligence sharing, evidence collection, as well as mutual exchanges and training. Mainland police have been impressed by the Hong Kong police's practices of operating in accordance with the Police Order, their use of handbooks, the rotation of offcers, and the services of psychological counseling. Knowledge transfer in policing has taken place from Hong Kong to Mainland China.
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Manning, Stephen. "Learning the Trade: Use and Misuse of Intelligence during the British Colonial Campaigns of the 1870s". Intelligence and National Security 22, n. 5 (ottobre 2007): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684520701718039.
39
Ananieva, E. V. "RUSSIA IN THE DISCOURSE OF BREXETEERS AND BREMAINERS IN THE UK". Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, n. 4 (28 dicembre 2020): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-438-444.
Abstract (sommario):
The UK EU membership referendum (2016) brought a confused result not giving the Brexiteers or the Bremainers decisive preponderance. This led to sharp divisions in the society at large, and a prolonged political crisis in Britain. Bremainers as early as at the stage of the pre-referendum campaign accused Brexiteers of being under the influence of Russia, meddling on the part of Brexit. The Bremainers initiated a series of inquiries into Russian interference to discredit the Brexiteers, putting under question the results of the referendum and the mandate of the UK government to conduct negotiations with Brussels. This confrontation went through lines of interparty divisions, and its methods went beyond the traditions and unwritten rules of the United Kingdom's political culture. The vicissitudes of inter- and intra-party infighting around the Parliamentary Intelligence and Defence Committee's report “Russia” showed that the government feared the report would influence voters in the run-up to the 2019 early general election. The investigation found no evidence of Russian interference in the referendum, nor in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum or the 2017 and 2019 parliamentary elections. Nevertheless, the “Russia” report became the basis for mutual accusations of the parties in the 2019 election campaign. London's focus on the concept of "Global Britain" indicates that the United Kingdom, regardless of the outcome of negotiations with the EU, views Russia as a strategic adversary.
40
Mayopu, Richard G., Yi-Yun Wang e Long-Sheng Chen. "Analyzing Online Fake News Using Latent Semantic Analysis: Case of USA Election Campaign". Big Data and Cognitive Computing 7, n. 2 (20 aprile 2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent studies have indicated that fake news is always produced to manipulate readers and that it spreads very fast and brings great damage to human society through social media. From the available literature, most studies focused on fake news detection and identification and fake news sentiment analysis using machine learning or deep learning techniques. However, relatively few researchers have paid attention to fake news analysis. This is especially true for fake political news. Unlike other published works which built fake news detection models from computer scientists’ viewpoints, this study aims to develop an effective method that combines natural language processing (NLP) and latent semantic analysis (LSA) using singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques to help social scientists to analyze fake news for discovering the exact elements. In addition, the authors analyze the characteristics of true news and fake news. A real case from the USA election campaign in 2016 is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. The experimental results could give useful suggestions to future researchers to distinguish fake news. This study finds the five concepts extracted from LSA and that they are representative of political fake news during the election.
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Sheffy, Yigal. "Unconcern at dawn, surprise at sunset: Egyptian intelligence appreciation before the Sinai campaign, 1956". Intelligence and National Security 5, n. 3 (luglio 1990): 7–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432062.
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AnandKumar Chennupati. "The threat of artificial intelligence to elections worldwide: A review of the 2024 landscape". World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 12, n. 1 (30 maggio 2024): 029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.12.1.0177.
Abstract (sommario):
One area that might experience an immense transformation owing to the adoption of AI is the electoral system. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential for enhancing polls, campaign methods, and voter registration, but it also presents substantial challenges to the integrity of elections around the globe. This article discusses the political scene of 2024 and AI's role, balancing the pros and cons of AI deployment. Case studies of nations that have implemented AI for voting purposes are presented in the article, along with an analysis of the merits and disadvantages of these systems. The article goes on to warn of the perils of AI in elections and provides solutions to these concerns. It is of the most significant necessity to secure both the security and legitimacy of voting procedures, as the employment of artificial intelligence in elections is popular. This paper asks politicians, election authorities, and people in general to handle the challenges brought by AI in elections.
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Selvage, Douglas. "Operation “Denver”". Journal of Cold War Studies 23, n. 3 (2021): 4–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01024.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This second part of a two-part article moves ahead in showing how the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) came to play a key role in the disinformation campaign launched by the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) in 1983 regarding the origins of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The KGB launched the campaign itself, but in the mid-1980s it sought to widen the effort by enlisting the cooperation of intelligence services in other Warsaw Pact countries, especially the Stasi. From the autumn of 1986 until November 1989, the Stasi played a central role in the disinformation campaign. Despite pressure from the U.S. government and a general inclination of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to curtail the campaign by the end of 1987, both the KGB and the USSR's official Novosti press agency continued until 1989 to spread false allegations that HIV was a U.S. biological weapon. Even after the KGB curtailed its disinformation in 1989, the Stasi continued to disseminate falsehoods, not least because it had successfully maintained plausible deniability regarding its role in the campaign. The Stasi worked behind the scenes to support the work of Soviet–East German scientists Jakob Segal and Lilli Segal and to facilitate dissemination of the Segals’ views in West Germany and Great Britain, especially through the leftwing media, and to purvey broader disinformation about HIV/AIDS by attacking U.S. biological and chemical weapons in general.
44
Fernandes, Clinton. "Accomplice to Mass Atrocities: The International Community and Indonesia’s Invasion of East Timor". Politics and Governance 3, n. 4 (26 novembre 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.272.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper examines early warning of, and political responses to, mass atrocities in East Timor in the late 1970s. Using newly-declassified intelligence and diplomatic records, it describes Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor in 1975 and its three year military campaign to crush the East Timorese resistance. It shows that the campaign resulted in mass deaths due to famine and disease, and considers the United Nations’ response to the unfolding crisis. It evaluates the level of international awareness of the humanitarian crisis in East Timor by inspecting contemporaneous eyewitness reports by foreign diplomats from states with a keen interest in Indonesia: Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. In contrast to a popular, highly lauded view, the paper shows that these states did not “look away”; rather, they had early warning and ongoing knowledge of the catastrophe but provided military and diplomatic assistance to Indonesia. The paper contrasts a counter-productive effort by civil society activists with a very effective one, and thus demonstrates the role that robust scholarship can play in terminating atrocities.
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Smith, Michael M. "The Mexican Secret Service in the United States, 1910-1920". Americas 59, n. 1 (luglio 2002): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0091.
Abstract (sommario):
Throughout the era of the Mexican Revolution, the United States provided sanctuary for thousands of political exiles who opposed the regimes of Porfirio Díaz, Francisco Madero, Victoriano Huerta, and Venustiano Carranza. Persecuted enemies of Don Porfirio and losers in the bloody war of factions that followed the ouster of the old regime continued their struggle for power from bases of operation north of the international boundary in such places as San Francisco, Los Angeles, El Paso, San Antonio, New Orleans, and New York. As a consequence, Mexican regimes were compelled not only to combat their enemies on domestic battlefields but also to wage more subtle campaigns against their adversaries north of the Río Bravo. The weapons in this shadowy war included general intelligence gathering, surveillance, espionage, counter-espionage, and propaganda; the agency most responsible for these activities was the Mexican Secret Service.
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Albalat-Mascarell, Ana, e María Luisa Carrió-Pastor. "Self-representation in political campaign talk: A functional metadiscourse approach to self-mentions in televised presidential debates". Journal of Pragmatics 147 (luglio 2019): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.011.
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Matveychev, O. A. "Totalitarian Sects within the Current Political Processes". Orthodoxia, n. 1 (4 settembre 2021): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2021-1-1-92-110.
Abstract (sommario):
This article studies the phenomenon of totalitarian sects entering politics. It concerns the participation of totalitarian sects in the political processes and election campaigns with the aim of getting into power, as well as the attempts of some political figures to rely on the infrastructure of totalitarian sects in order to promote themselves in the ruling structures. The author summarizes the works of Russian and international social thinkers and religious scholars, studying totalitarian sects as a relatively new social and religious phenomenon, supplementing and developing their findings. In particular, the following features are recognized as the key characteristics of totalitarian sects. A relatively recent foundation — usually with the founder still alive. A charismatic leader — the founder or successor, who has unquestionable authority. Closed information environment, filtering any external information signals. Careful regulation of the adherents' life, as well as their double code language, allowing them to recognize others in a “friend-or-foe” mode, which likens totalitarian sects to criminal communities. A rigid hierarchy that doses information about the organizations' goals to its members at different levels of initiation; adherents' compulsory financial participation and preaching activities. The author analyzes the promotion of totalitarian sects in politics using examples from Ukrainian and Russian political practices of the post-Soviet period. In particular, he studies the political activities of such structures as the Livets Ord (lit. “Word of Life”) Baptist Church, the Scientology Church, the Embassy of God sect (Sunday Adelaja), the Unification Church (Sun Myung Moon), the Living Word Baptist Church, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, the Last Covenant Church, Slavic neopagan groups and radical Islamist sects. The network community formed around the Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation also possesses the attributes of a totalitarian sect. Particular attention is paid to specific examples of the political involvement of totalitarian sects and their influence at different levels of government in Ukraine and in the Russian Federation, as well as the resulting damage. Considering the scale of totalitarian sects' activities in Russia — hundreds of such organizations are involved, up to 1 million people in total — the author emphasizes their use by foreign intelligence services, which poses a threat to Russia's national security.
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Peron, Alcides Eduardo dos Reis, e Rafael de Brito Dias. "‘No Boots on the Ground’: Reflections on the US Drone Campaign through Virtuous War and STS Theories". Contexto Internacional 40, n. 1 (aprile 2018): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017400100003.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Since 2004, the US Air Force (USAF) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have persecuted insurgents in Somalia, Yemen and Pakistan with armed drones. Despite its alleged efficiency, this practice has been widely criticised on the grounds that it contravenes international humanitarian law. In order to understand the controversies involving this practice, we examine how this new technology was linked to and allowed the emergence of a new US international security strategy first applied in the Middle East. Drawing on James Der Derian’s post-structuralist theories about virtuous wars, the sociotechnical approach allowed by Science and Technology Studies (STS), and Gregoire Chamayou’s theories about drones, we argue that the US intention in adopting these technologies was not to enhance its military capability but to allow the USA to remain active in several risky theatres while avoiding the political and social costs of conventional military engagement.
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Shikhar e Jyotika Teckchandani. "AI in International Politics". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, n. 3 (31 marzo 2024): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58934.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: Over the past ten years, artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted many industries,including politics. A growing number of people are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) in politics because it offers a number of advantages that can speed up decision-making and enhance governance. Data analysis is one of the primary ways AI is being applied in politics. Data analytics is being used by governments and political parties to understand vote trends and public opinion. They canuse this to create more effective campaigns and policies that are suited to the requirements ofvarious constituencies. Additionally, AI is being used to increase the effectiveness of governmental operations. Artificialintelligence-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are being utilised to deliver information to users about various government services and programmes. Consequently, less work will need to be done by government employees, and citizens will receive information more quickly and accurately. Predicting election results is another area in politics where AI is having an impact. In order to anticipate the outcome of elections, AI algorithms are being employed to analyse a variety of elements, including polling data and social media activity. This can aid candidates and political parties in concentrating their efforts on the groups most likely to decide the election. However, the use of AI in politics also raises many concerns. One concern is the use of AI could lead to the manipulation of public opinion. There are concerns that AI algorithms could be used to create fake news or spread disinformation to influence voters.
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Larsson, Sebastian. "A First Line of Defence? Vigilant surveillance, participatory policing and the reporting of ‘suspicious’ activity". Surveillance & Society 15, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v15i1.5342.
Abstract (sommario):
What is at stake when citizens are encouraged to deploy vigilant surveillance and report what they consider to be unusual and “suspicious” activity? This article explores the current role of vigilance in contemporary Western security practices aimed at battling terrorist acts and major crime. It does so by critically analysing official constructions of suspiciousness, the responsibilisation process of participatory policing, and the assignments of prejudiced amateur detectives. It concludes, firstly, that the agency offered by political campaigns such as “If You See Something, Say Something” is highly illusive since the act of reporting simply demarcates where participation ends, and where fear and paranoia are turned into legitimate intelligence, enabling the state to exercise authoritative action and preemptive violence. Secondly, these kinds of vigilance initiatives also nurture a normalisation of suspicion towards strangers since the encouragements to be aware of anything-and-anyone deemed “out of the ordinary”, as well as the tools for reporting such suspicions, increasingly creep into the mundane realms of everyday life.