Tesi sul tema "Intégration de connaissances externes"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Intégration de connaissances externes".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Plesse, François. "Intégration de Connaissances aux Modèles Neuronaux pour la Détection de Relations Visuelles Rares". Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1003.
Testo completoData shared throughout the world has a major impact on the lives of billions of people. It is critical to be able to analyse this data automatically in order to measure and alter its impact. This analysis is tackled by training deep neural networks, which have reached competitive results in many domains. In this work, we focus on the understanding of daily life images, in particular on the interactions between objects and people that are visible in images, which we call visual relations.To complete this task, neural networks are trained in a supervised manner. This involves minimizing an objective function that quantifies how detected relations differ from annotated ones. Performance of these models thus depends on how widely and accurately annotations cover the space of visual relations.However, existing annotations are not sufficient to train neural networks to detect uncommon relations. Thus we integrate knowledge into neural networks during the training phase. To do this, we model semantic relationships between visual relations. This provides a fuzzy set of relations that more accurately represents visible relations. Using the semantic similarities between relations, the model is able to learn to detect uncommon relations from similar and more common ones. However, the improved training does not always translate to improved detections, because the objective function does not capture the whole relation detection process. Thus during the inference phase, we combine knowledge to model predictions in order to predict more relevant relations, aiming to imitate the behaviour of human observers
Racette, Nicole. "Intégration des connaissances théoriques et pratiques de l'analyse financière externe et interne dans le but d'un diagnostic de la situation financière". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9050.
Testo completoVilleneuve, Louise. "Les conditions internes et les évènements externes favorisant le processus d'intégration dans un contexte de supervision". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29302.
Testo completoChaibou, Salaou Mahaman Sani. "Segmentation d'image par intégration itérative de connaissances". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0140.
Testo completoImage processing has been a very active area of research for years. The interpretation of images is one of its most important branches because of its socio-economic and scientific applications. However, the interpretation, like most image processing processes, requires a segmentation phase to delimit the regions to be analyzed. In fact, interpretation is a process that gives meaning to the regions detected by the segmentation phase. Thus, the interpretation phase can only analyze the regions detected during the segmentation. Although the ultimate objective of automatic interpretation is to produce the same result as a human, the logic of classical techniques in this field does not marry that of human interpretation. Most conventional approaches to this task separate the segmentation phase from the interpretation phase. The images are first segmented and then the detected regions are interpreted. In addition, conventional techniques of segmentation scan images sequentially, in the order of pixels appearance. This way does not necessarily reflect the way of the expert during the image exploration. Indeed, a human usually starts by scanning the image for possible region of interest. When he finds a potential area, he analyzes it under three view points trying to recognize what object it is. First, he analyzes the area based on its physical characteristics. Then he considers the region's surrounding areas and finally he zooms in on the whole image in order to have a wider view while considering the information local to the region and those of its neighbors. In addition to information directly gathered from the physical characteristics of the image, the expert uses several sources of information that he merges to interpret the image. These sources include knowledge acquired through professional experience, existing constraints between objects from the images, and so on.The idea of the proposed approach, in this manuscript, is that simulating the visual activity of the expert would allow a better compatibility between the results of the interpretation and those ofthe expert. We retain from the analysis of the expert's behavior three important aspects of the image interpretation process that we will model in this work: 1. Unlike what most of the segmentation techniques suggest, the segmentation process is not necessarily sequential, but rather a series of decisions that each one may question the results of its predecessors. The main objective is to produce the best possible regions classification. 2. The process of characterizing an area of interest is not a one way process i.e. the expert can go from a local view restricted to the region of interest to a wider view of the area, including its neighbors and vice versa. 3. Several information sources are gathered and merged for a better certainty, during the decision of region characterisation. The proposed model of these three levels places particular emphasis on the knowledge used and the reasoning behind image segmentation
Bouzid, Marwa. "Intégration des informations et connaissances en Usine Numérique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC010/document.
Testo completoIn recent decades, the New Product Development Process (PDP) has become an increasingly complex and iterative process due to the diversification and customization of products and their complexity. Moreover, the design of the associated production systems becomes a very complex task, knowing that this phase is linked to the decision-making of the production strategy which have an impact on long-term and which involve an important commitment of financial resources. Thus, companies must overcome these challenges for design, develop and produce faster and cheaper products with better quality. In this context, the Digital Factory (DF) is a solutionbased on the use of numerical methods and tools to examine, qualify and compare the complex production systems and thus, help to make the optimal decisions. However, the experts of simulation still encounter difficulties in the decision-making due to the lack of organization, information and knowledge. In this research, we focus on this last point and we propose a knowledge management system called "KSim" dedicated to the management of all knowledge for the development of DF projects and which supports the collaboration and communication between all PDP actors to facilitate to make better decisions as soon as possible
Seydoux, Florian. "Exploitation de connaissances sémantiques externes dans les représentations vectorielles en recherche documentaire /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3654.
Testo completoBarriot, Roland. "Intégration des connaissances biologiques à l'échelle de la cellule". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13100.
Testo completoHassan, Sahar. "Intégration de connaissances anatomiques a priori dans des modèles géométriques". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607260.
Testo completoBissay, Aurélie. "Du déploiement d’un système PLM vers une intégration des connaissances". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20003/document.
Testo completoPLM (Product Lifecycle Management) Systems allow traceability of information and facilitate the reduction of products development cycle. Besides the aspect related to information management, they aim at bringing together all technical data needed to develop new products and also they contribute to improve business processes. Our PhD work define a methodology of PLM system deployment that incorporates the knowledge capitalization dimension. Based on a business processes formalization, elements of knowledge are extracted and used to enrich the data model. This model revolves around two axes: an "information" axis and a "knowledge"axis. Each axis is devided into four steps: identify, model, use and evaluate. The identification stage is to define the data model of the system and activities requiring specific business knowledge. The modeling phase is to configure the system to integrate the defined model in the PLM system but also to formalize extracted tacit knowledge. Then comes the user through the use of the system. Finally, we propose to evaluate the system from product, process and organization modeling but also from generated knowledge within the system. The case study of a process of bidding for the Marmillon SAS company which is a subcontractor in the field of plastics, specialist of injection and extrusion processes for automotive parts allow to validate our approach
Yeh, Hui-Syuan. "Prompt-based Relation Extraction for Pharmacovigilance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG097.
Testo completoExtracting and maintaining up-to-date knowledge from diverse linguistic sources is imperative for the benefit of public health. While professional sources, including scientific journals and clinical notes, provide the most reliable knowledge, observations reported in patient forums and social media can bring complementary information for certain themes. Spotting entities and their relationships in these varied sources is particularly valuable. We focus on relation extraction in the medical domain. At the outset, we highlight the inconsistent terminology in the community and clarify the diverse setups used to build and evaluate relation extraction systems. To obtain reliable comparisons, we compare systems using the same setup. Additionally, we conduct a series of stratified evaluations to further investigate which data properties affect the models' performance. We show that model performance tends to decrease with relation density, relation diversity, and entity distance. Subsequently, this work explores a new training paradigm for biomedical relation extraction: prompt-based methods with masked language models. In this context, performance depends on the quality of prompt design. This requires manual efforts and domain knowledge, especially when designing the label words that link model predictions to relation classes. To overcome this overhead, we introduce an automated label word generation technique leveraging a dependency parser and training data. This approach minimizes manual intervention and enhances model performance with fewer parameters to be fine-tuned. Our approach performs on par with other verbalizer methods without additional training. Then, this work addresses information extraction from text written by laypeople about adverse drug reactions. To this end, as part of a joint effort, we have curated a tri-lingual corpus in German, French, and Japanese collected from patient forums and social media platforms. The challenge and the potential applications of the corpus are discussed. We present baseline experiments on the corpus that highlight three points: the effectiveness of a multilingual model in the cross-lingual setting, preparing negative samples for relation extraction by considering the co-reference and the distance between entities, and methods to address the highly imbalanced distribution of relations. Lastly, we integrate information from a medical knowledge base into the prompt-based approach with autoregressive language models for biomedical relation extraction. Our goal is to use external factual knowledge to enrich the context of the entities involved in the relation to be classified. We find that general models particularly benefit from external knowledge. Our experimental setup reveals that different entity markers are effective across different corpora. We show that the relevant knowledge helps, though the format of the prompt has a greater impact on performance than the additional information itself
Simler, Nadine. "Altérations du comportement alimentaire en environnements externes : intégration centrale : étude chez le rongeur". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10258.
Testo completoExposure to extreme environments usually elicits alteration in feeding behavior in men and rodents. We studied the involvement of leptin and it’s central targets in the development of anorexia induced by psychogenic stress or altitude exposure. Our results suggested that restraint stress elicited SOCS-3 induction, modulated leptin signalling in hypothalamus, and was therefore likely to alter the regulation of body weight homeostasis. Using a rat model of genetic leptin receptor deficiency, the obese Zucker rat, we unequivocally demonstrated that altitude-induced anorexia could not be ascribed to anorectic signals triggered by enhanced leptin production. A third experiment suggested that the hypothalamic AMPKinase system may play a determinant role in the early stage of altitude-induced anorexia. The involvement of this system in other anorexigenic situations such as sustained exercise needs to be examined
Rondeau, Fabien. "Analyse du degré d'intégration économique européen à partir des effets de transmission des échanges commerciaux". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G005.
Testo completoThis thesis analyzes the effects of trade integration on the level of European economic integration. It proposes to evaluate externalities of economic activity in a country on the other European countries due to trade. This thesis is divided in two parts : first, the level of economic integration is analyzed in the short run through the business cycle synchronization of the European economies. Second, integration is considered through the long-run deformation degree of the level of production of a country due to the potential growth in the rest of Europe
Morin, Marie-Pier. "Intégration des connaissances mathématiques et didactiques chez les futurs maîtres du primaire". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ53302.pdf.
Testo completoQuiniou, Solen. "Intégration de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance de textes manuscrits en-ligne". Phd thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/quiniou.pdf.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to build a sentence regognition system based on an existing word regognition system. Two research axes are considered: the sentence segmentation int words as well as the integration of linguistic knowledge to take into account the context of the sentences. We studied several types of statistic language models by comparing their respective impact on the recognition system performances. We also tried to find the best strategy to introduce them efficiently into the whole recognition system. One of the originality of this study is the integration of a representation of the different sentence hypotheses in the form of a confusion network; which is then used to detect and correct the remaining regognition errors. Using the aforementioned techniques allowed us to considerably reduce the number of recognition errors among the words of the sentences
Quiniou, Solen. "Intégration de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance de textes manuscrits en-ligne". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580623.
Testo completoLovon, Melgarejo Jesus Enrique. "Évaluation et intégration des connaissances structurelles pour modèles de langue pré-entraînés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/6065/.
Testo completoThe field of knowledge representation is a constantly evolving domain. Thanks to recent advancements in deep neural networks, particularly the Transformer architecture, the natural language processing (NLP) field has been provided with groundbreaking tools leading to improved performance across multiple NLP tasks. Pre-trained language models (PLMs), such as BERT and GPT, which are Transformer-based models trained on extensive amounts of textual data, have played a significant role in this progress. PLMs can produce contextualized representations embedding rich syntactic and semantic patterns of language. However, they do not provide structured and factual knowledge representations, essential for a better understanding of language. To alleviate these issues, researchers explored combining classical PLMs with external knowledge resources, such as knowledge bases (KBs). This approach aims to complement PLMs by providing the missing structural and factual components inherently present in KBs. As a result, this approach has given rise to a new family of knowledge-enhanced PLMs (KEPLMs). In this thesis, we focus on integrating KBs into PLMs, with a particular interest in their structure or hierarchy. We explore different research directions towards enhancing these PLMs, which include (i) exploring the limitations and methods to implicitly integrate KBs and their impact on reasoning-based tasks and (ii) defining evaluation methodologies for explicit hierarchical signals for PLMs and their transferability to other NLP tasks. In a first contribution, we propose to revisit the training methods of PLMs for reasoning-based tasks. Current methods are limited to generalizing this task to different difficulty levels, treating each level as a separate task. Instead, we suggest an incremental learning reasoning approach, where reasoning is learned gradually from simple to complex difficulty levels. This approach takes advantage of previously overlooked components that do not participate in the main reasoning chain, and we evaluate whether it improves the generalization of this task. We use an implicit methodology that transforms structured information into unstructured text with rich hierarchical content. We further conducted experiments on reasoning-related tasks such as reading comprehension and question answering to assess the pertinence of our proposal. For our second contribution, we aim to improve the performance of PLMs by incorporating explicit hierarchical signals into them. While various evaluation and integration approaches have been developed for static word embeddings, there is limited exploration of these methods for contextualized word embeddings. The current evaluation methods for PLMs inherit limitations from static embedding evaluations, such as dataset biases and superficial hierarchical signals. Therefore, we propose a new evaluation methodology for PLMs that considers multiple hierarchy signals. Our work characterizes the hierarchical representation by decomposing it into basic hierarchical distributions that we call hierarchy properties. We evaluate the hierarchical knowledge present in state-of-the-art PLMs using these properties and analyze if learning them aims to improve inner hierarchical representations of the models and their applicability to related NLP tasks
Foucard, Emmanuel. "Intégration de connaissances de technologie et de fabrication dans un contexte d'ingénierie simultanée". Troyes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TROY0005.
Testo completoWork presented enters within the framework of the design of mechanical systems and more particularly within the framework of the taking into account of knowledge "trades" in design. Work consisted in analyzing the data and the knowledge of design and machining. On the basis of the technological choices of solutions carried out by the designer, we tried to justify a maximum of the product data by "knowledge". Within this framework, we set up the concepts of QFS and QFR to integrate part of knowledge. We also described a method of design applicable to the bearing assemblies. This one allows to help the designer at the time of the choice of the axial thrusts and of the chains of dimensions. We finally set up functions to bind parameters of the tolerance range, of dimensional quality and roughness in this integration context
Carbonnel, Sabine. "Intégration et modélisation de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance d'écriture manuscrite en-ligne". Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0022.
Testo completoHandwriting recognition is a difficult problem which cannot be reduced to graphic shapes recognition: it is important to integrate linguistic knowledge to guide the recognition. The objectives of our work are to integrate lexical knowledge to improve a recognition system of on-line handwritten words, taking into account constraints of computing time and memory requirement with the intention of integrate the system on devices with limited capacities. We propose a lexical processing based on a language model of characters n-grams, a modeling to reduce the research space in a lexicon as well as an automatic modeling of an edit distance specific to handwriting. These modelings improve the recognition system on which our work is based, limit the duration of the lexical processing and moreover are easily adaptable to the system evolutions and the context of use
Kedzierski, Pierre. "Intégration de connaissances sédimentologiques et stratigraphiques dans la caractérisation 3D des faciès sédimentaires marins". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL030N.
Testo completoAn original method for the generation of 3D facies model has been implemented. It simultaneously accounts for well and seismic data, sedimentological rules describing the spatial distribution of rock types, or sequence stratigraphy principles. Different probability cubes are computed by integrating one or several pieces of information controlling the facies occurrence: the relationship binding the facies to the paleolandscape, the lateral transitions of facies, the stratigraphic control of shoreline migration, the sediment volume partitioning or the diagenesis potential. The generated probability cubes can then be combined, considering the redundancy of the data they express. The suggested methodology provides therefore an extensible framework for the integration and the combination of data from diverse origins and types, sometimes redundant and whose weight in the final model can be balanced according to the data uncertainty
Durand, Marie-Ange. "Caracterisation morphologique du contexte dans les images de teledetection : utilisation de connaissances externes pour la reconstruction de structures". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30180.
Testo completoDurand, Marie-Ange. "Caractérisation morphologique du contexte dans les images de télédétection, utilisation de connaissances externes pour la reconstruction de structures". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597352t.
Testo completoGastaldi-Menager, Chrystelle. "Intégration des externalités dans l'évaluation économique des politiques publiques : l'exemple de la vaccination contre l'hépatite B". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T025.
Testo completoWhere as the presence of externalities is one of the bases traditionally called upon to legitimate a public intervention and that vaccination is the example-type of situation at the origin of externalities, the economic evaluations of vaccine policies seem not to hold account externalities. The aim of our research consists in analyzing the impact of a non-integration of the externalities in the estimate of the outcome of a vaccine policy. The originality of the method that we propose rests on a dynamic model of the infection. Starting from a study of the literature, are presented (chapter 1) the various stages of the conceptualization of the externalities and the debates which they caused: how to specify the externalities compared to the interdependencies? After having clarified the externality concept, we propose the analysis of vaccination externalities (chapter 2). Our construction is based on an epidemiologic approach: it is a question of identifying the sources of externalities. Are mobilized, at this stage in the analysis, the instrument and information usual in the study relative with transmitted disease (concepts of herd immunity, force of infection. . . ). This reflexion on the identification of source of externalities and of their measurement is applied with the case of the French vaccine policy against the virus of hepatitis B (chapter 3). Lt leads to a certain number of methodological proposals which we develop in the last chapter: we then support our estimate of the externalities on a dynamic model of the infection. We finally propose a grid of analysis of condition favorable, or not, with a taking into account of externalities at the time of an economic evaluation of a vaccine policy
Rakoto, Holitiana. "Intégration du retour d'expérience dans les processus industriels : application à Alstom Transport". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. https://hal.science/tel-04603898.
Testo completoRakoto, Holitiana. "Intégration du retour d'expérience dans les processus industriels : application à Alstom Transport". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7283/1/rakoto.pdf.
Testo completoBrisson, Laurent. "Intégration de connaissances expertes dans le processus de fouille de données pour l'extraction d'informations pertinentes". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211946.
Testo completoNikiema, Jean. "Intégration de connaissances biomédicales hétérogènes grâce à un modèle basé sur les ontologies de support". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0179/document.
Testo completoIn the biomedical domain, there are almost as many knowledge resources in health as there are application fields. These knowledge resources, described according to different representation models and for different contexts of use, raise the problem of complexity of their interoperability, especially for actual public health problematics such as personalized medicine, translational medicine and the secondary use of medical data. Indeed, these knowledge resources may represent the same notion in different ways or represent different but complementary notions.For being able to use knowledge resources jointly, we studied three processes that can overcome semantic conflicts (difficulties encountered when relating distinct knowledge resources): the alignment, the integration and the semantic enrichment of the integration. The alignment consists in creating a set of equivalence or subsumption mappings between entities from knowledge resources. The integration aims not only to find mappings but also to organize all knowledge resources’ entities into a unique and coherent structure. Finally, the semantic enrichment of integration consists in finding all the required mapping relations between entities of distinct knowledge resources (equivalence, subsumption, transversal and, failing that, disjunction relations).In this frame, we firstly realized the alignment of laboratory tests terminologies: LOINC and the local terminology of Bordeaux hospital. We pre-processed the noisy labels of the local terminology to reduce the risk of naming conflicts. Then, we suppressed erroneous mappings (confounding conflicts) using the structure of LOINC.Secondly, we integrated RxNorm to SNOMED CT. We constructed formal definitions for each entity in RxNorm by using their definitional features (active ingredient, strength, dose form, etc.) according to the design patterns proposed by SNOMED CT. We then integrated the constructed definitions into SNOMED CT. The obtained structure was classified and the inferred equivalences generated between RxNorm and SNOMED CT were compared to morphosyntactic mappings. Our process resolved some cases of naming conflicts but was confronted to confounding and scaling conflicts, which highlights the need for improving RxNorm and SNOMED CT.Finally, we performed a semantically enriched integration of ICD-10 and ICD-O3 using SNOMED CT as support. As ICD-10 describes diagnoses and ICD-O3 describes this notion according to two different axes (i.e., histological lesions and anatomical structures), we used the SNOMED CT structure to identify transversal relations between their entities (resolution of open conflicts). During the process, the structure of the SNOMED CT was also used to suppress erroneous mappings (naming and confusion conflicts) and disambiguate multiple mappings (scale conflicts)
Camus, Thomas. "Action et intégration : le rôle fonctionnel de la motricité dans la construction des connaissances sensori-motrices". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30076.
Testo completoThe ability to integrate the vast amount of information coming from the environmentinto a coherent representation is usually considered a necessary conditionfor any behavior to take place. In this Ph.D. thesis, our proposal is to moderatethis apparent causality, and to bring new elements that support the idea of a codeterminationof the building of sensorimotor representations and the execution ofmotor behavior. In other words, we propose that actions are not only adapted toexternal constraints through an internal activity, but also contribute to the buildingof coherent representations of the world. Therefore, we made a series of experimentsto highlight the role of motor activity in the process of binding perceptiveinformation. The first study examined the functional role of motor responses inthe integration process, which were found to be a necessary condition for an integrationto take place. The second study investigated the link between perceptiveand motor components. The results showed that both are indeed integrated into acommon sensorimotor representation. Our final study shed light on the fact thatbuilding sensorimotor representations seems to rely on the integration of sensorimotoraction-effects. Taken together, our results point toward the critical role of motoractivity in cognitive processes, and question the relevance of distinguishing motorcomponents from perceptive ones
Penciuc, Diana. "Identification et intégration des éléments de connaissance tacite et explicite dans un processus de développement par solution de référence". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2016.
Testo completoThe present work was conducted within the CIFRE framework, as collaboration between the ICI team (UMR 7253 Heudiasyc, UTC) and the « Alstom Transport » (AT) company. The subject was proposed by AT as a result of a real need for tacit knowledge management, which could bring important improvements in the product-line development. As part of our thesis, we provide an analysis and response to the general problem of knowledge management during the “Tendering” process, the initial phase of product development. First investigation results showed that knowledge management needs to be considered at several levels : during the “Tendering process, between successive tenders, all along the production chain and transversely (to improve the reference solution and the Tendering process). According to these observations, we decided to focus our research on providing knowledge management during tendering and between successive tenders (from one tender to another). The preliminary study has led us to consider a single activity of the Tendering process (the technical analysis of the Request For Proposal), in the context of which we propose to solve the following of drawbacks : lack of a dedicated tool for RFP analysis and incomplete knowledge management. To address these issues, we followed an organizational learning approach based on a common backbone represented by means of ontology. Thus, we proposed a theoretical model knowledge management, which includes the annotation model enabling tacit knowledge elicitation and explicit knowledge collection. Based on this theoretical model, we implemented a prototype on top of the E-MEMORAe2. 0 platform (platform issued from a research project of the ICI team). In order to validate our proposal, we carried out experiments with experts from AT, which enabled us to improve our first proposal
Jalabert, Fabien. "Cartographie des connaissances : l'intégration et la visualisation au service de la biologie : application à l'ingénierie des connaissances et à l'analyse de données d'expression de gènes". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207602.
Testo completoGhurbhurn, Rahee. "Intégration de données à partir de connaissances : une approche multi-agent pour la gestion des changements". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785415.
Testo completoAdda, Mehdi. "Intégration des connaissances ontologiques dans la fouille de motifs séquentiels avec application à la personnalisation web". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842475.
Testo completoFouquet, Dany. "Formalisation des connaissances d'usinage pour une intégration des logiciels de CFAO : application aux pièces structurales aéronautiques". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/44/1/FOUQUET_Dany.pdf.
Testo completoAdam, Sébastien. "Interprétation de Documents Techniques : des Outils à leur Intégration dans un Système à Base de Connaissances". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671320.
Testo completoDi, Martino Jean Claude. "Intégration de connaissances dans des systèmes distribués pour l'extraction de raies spectrales dans des images sonar". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10008.
Testo completoKoenig, Joel. "Connaissances et compétences pour la performance industrielle : intégration des compétences culturelles en production de machines UGV". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6229.
Testo completoWe built in real time and during three years the organizational development activities of Sino-French cooperation and the development of knowledge and skills to ensure the manufacturing process. The industrial challenge is to improve the performance of production occurring in Asia (preventive action on the assembly of machine tools) and assure a continuity of quality manufacturing of machine tools UGV. The aim is a method of operation based on the triptych: results of ball bar tests, qualified structural element involved and failure of the partner. Our theory allows relating the effects of extracts results of qualification tests to causes related to failures on the outsourced process, through the assembly process. The operating results reflected a quantitative estimate cost of phases, needed to process improvement and outsourced the potential for strategic improvement of the International Joint Venture
Le, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2337/.
Testo completoDiagnostic reasoning (abductive) and predictive reasoning (inductive) are two methods of reasoning that enable the discovery of new knowledge. When abductive reasoning is the process of finding the best explanation (hypothesis) for a set of observations (Josephson, 1994), the inductive reasoning is the process of predicting, from a set of observations, to find all possible results. These observations may be symptoms of a patient, experiments on genomic and metabolic networks, etc. In this PhD thesis, we are interested in the representation, analysis and synthesis of genomic signaling networks using hypothetical logic. In fact, this thesis focuses on modeling of signaling pathways in response to the DNA double stranded break. To implement the abduction, we use algorithms of production. Then, the default logic is used to build models of minimum representation. These algorithms are proven knowledge discovery on the map of DNA double-strand break. This map is minimal as biological causality graph and allows integrating bio-molecular data
Le, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996894.
Testo completoBascans, Jérémy. "Modèles de mémoires d'entreprise avec intégration automatique d'informations". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30144.
Testo completoToday, companies manipulate large volumes of information that are constantly increasing, always more complex and heterogeneous, in their content and their structures. This information, necessary for these enterprises' operation, represents a knowledge capital often not exploited. As a result, special attention is given to Organizational Memory (OM) systems. The purpose of these memories is to capitalize the information produced and exchanged by the internal and external actors (Information System (IS), employees, customers, suppliers, etc.) of the company with the aim of representing and sharing them while helping collaborative decision-making. Thereby organized, shared and reused information becomes organizational knowledge. The implementation of this memory requires a strong involvement of all stakeholders by directly impacting their tasks and requiring changes to their IS. In this context, this thesis objective is to enable the automatic capitalization of information by automatically organizing, representing and contextualizing the information so that they can be shared and exploited while minimizing the stakeholders' effort. In addition to involving stakeholders, current research is often limited to solutions specific to the companies and memories types. To help overcome these limitations, we propose an " Adaptive Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process ", based on an extended heterogeneous network. A first level of this approach proposes a meta-model of OM correlated to a process of automatic integration of information independent of the company type, the job and its stakeholders. In order to help any type of company to build its OM from the meta-model, we propose, at a second level, a generic and extensible model linked to an algorithm of automatic integration of the information, named OMAII for Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process. This OMAII model has been implemented and validated in its ability to automatically integrate new information in a relevant way. Because Wikipedia is an important vector of knowledge based on the collaborative creation based on very strong values of sharing, we chose to evaluate the capacity of our prototype to organize the information in the same way. The evaluation concerns the automatic information matching process of which the purpose is to intelligibly associate the information with each other in the memory in a non-deterministic general framework. To do this, we first evaluated and compared our approach by linking documents to interest subjects in a similar way to Wikipedia to compare similarities and dissimilarities between them. In a second step, we conducted a detailed study of the dissimilarities through a human evaluation of the information organization within our OM and its automatic integration
Bobbo, Amadou. "Externalités budgétaires et Policy mix dans une union monétaire : le cas des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30016.
Testo completoThis thesis addresses the spillover effects of fiscal policies as well as the fiscal and monetary interactions which rise from macroeconomic policies, justifying Multilateral monotoring criteria in use in the CAEMC. Applying time series analysis to the CAEMC reveals the capacity of fiscal policies to induce modifications of the bilatéral terms of trade structure, but however, these variations are not transmitted to the regional trade. Despite the difficulty met when stimulating CAEMC economies, the regular fall of the interest rate of the BEAC in response to fiscal adjustments, shows the financial dimension of these spillovers. Required macroeconomic coordination had not succeed in ensuring convergence of the public actions. Lastly, the very high sensitiveness of the price level to public actions is the evidence of fiscal dominance in the CAEMC. These results provide an indication of the inappropriate nature of the Multilateral monitoring fiscal rules
Gesbert, Nils. "Étude de la formalisation des spécifications de bases de données géographiques en vue de leur intégration". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0261.
Testo completoIntegrating them into a federated database system, by describing the precise data meaning in a way both homogeneous between databases and as formal as possible. This precise data meaning is contained in the databases’ content specifications (surveying rules). Method : The general organization of the present specifications follows that of the databases’ schemata, but these schemas are heterogeneous and influenced by implementation problems. To overcome this problem, we suppose that it will be possible to find, in the specifications’ text, a number of common terms referring to shared geographical concepts. All these concepts would constitute what is called a domain ontology. Our idea is not to create a complete ontology but rather a partial, ad hoc one, which would be extended to take new concepts into account as needed. The specifications would then be represented as a bundle of what we call representation procedures, which describe how, given a geographic entity (instance of some geographical concept), one or more representations of this entity are built up into the different databases depending on the nature and the properties of the entity. Thus these procedures describe the links between the ontology and the schemata of the databases. Results : For the example of hydrography in two different IGN databases, BDCarto and BDTopo, our hypothesis seems confirmed : a common ontology could rather easily be defined. Concerning the representation procedures, we were able to establish the main kinds of elementary rules from which they can be constructed. To describe formally these procedures, we then defined a formal language whose grammar has been described in BNF and is based on these elementary rules. Finally, we have made a software prototype, containing a parser for this language, for entering, saving and handling the formal specifications
Jalabert, Fabien. "Cartographie des connaissances : l'intégration et la visualisation au service de la biologie : application à l'ingénierie des connaissances et à l'analyse de données d'expression de gènes". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20172.
Testo completoJacqueson, Loïc. "Intégration de l'environnement en entreprise : proposition d'un outil de pilotage du processus de création de connaissances environnementales". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005627.
Testo completoMalgré leur grande diversité, les approches existantes ne répondent que partiellement au besoin d'intégration de l'environnement. Notre vision de cette problématique, est que l'intégration de l'environnement est un processus à long terme conditionné par :
- la création par l'entreprise de nouvelles connaissances propres à ses activités,
- l'implication de l'ensemble des services de l'entreprise,
- le choix d'une approche managériale intermédiaire entre Top-down et Bottom-Up.
Dans ce sens, nous proposons un outil de pilotage du processus de création de connaissances environnementales composé d'un référentiel à trois dimensions permettant de caractériser les connaissances environnementales dans l'entreprise, d'une stratégie de progression et d'une typologie d'actions, et qui permet de piloter le processus (outil de suivi, d'analyse et de régulation).
La première partie du document s'attachera à détailler la construction de l'outil de pilotage qui sera évalué à l'aide d'expérimentations réalisée au sein de l'entreprise FAURECIA-Sièges d'automobile.
Les résultats de ces travaux portent d'une part sur la capacité de l'outil à piloter le processus de création de connaissances environnementales et d'autre part sur son rôle en tant que moyen de gestion des projets liés à l'environnement dans les entreprises.
Lenseigne, Boris. "Intégration de connaissances linguistiques dans un système de vision : application à l'étude de la langue des signes". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30304.
Testo completoDurupt, Alexandre. "Définition d'un processus de rétro-conception de produit par intégration des connaissances de son style de vie". Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0009.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the reverse engineering (RE) of a mechanical object. This activity consists in generating a CAD model of this object from the 3D points cloud from its digitalisation. The state of the art on the geometrical recognition in a point cloud suggests approaches which allow obtaining an almost unusable CAD model (geometrical parameters with not design intents) for a redesign activity. This thesis defines a methodology of RE that provides a parameterised CAD model that includes design intents such as the manufacturing and the functional aspects. So, an activity of redesign can be accelerated because the design intents will have been brought to light. In design product domain, solutions like Knowledge Based Engineering ensure the de-sign intents management. This thesis suggests adapting these solutions to RE. A method called Knowledge Based Reverse Engineering was created. It allows analysing the mechanical object according to the design intents. These design intents are embodied by geometrical features. Their parameters are extracted from the 3D points cloud. A CAD model including design intents (manufacturing, functional requirements) can be created. This work is illustrated by industrial examples and implemented in a viewer called KBRE sys-tem
Mrabet, Yassine. "Approches hybrides pour la recherche sémantique de l'information : intégration des bases de connaissances et des ressources semi-structurées". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737282.
Testo completoMerhej, Dany. "Intégration de connaissances a priori dans la reconstruction des signaux parcimonieux : Cas particulier de la spectroscopie RMN multidimensionnelle". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782465.
Testo completoPavillet, Gabriel. "Des langages de programmation à objets à la représentation des connaissances à travers le MOP : vers une intégration". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20072.
Testo completoMayouf, Mouna Sabrine. "Intégration de connaissances de haut-niveau dans un système d'apprentissage par réseau de neurones pour la classification d'images". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30341.
Testo completoNeural networks have made remarkable improvements in challenging tasks such as automatic image classification and natural language processing. However, their black-box nature hinders explainability and limits their ability to leverage external knowledge. The purpose of this thesis is to explore and propose techniques for integrating knowledge into neural networks in order to improve their performance and interpretability. The first part of the thesis focuses on integrating knowledge at the input level. The first chapter deals with data preparation. A formalization of pre-processing is proposed to ensure the transparency and reproducibility of this step. This formalization enables us to study the impact of data augmentation: to characterize a good data preparation, and the informative state of a dataset, a set of measures and principles is proposed, then experimental protocols are designed to evaluate these principles on the BreakHis dataset. The second chapter of this part focuses on exploiting high-level knowledge to determine the order in which data should be inserted into the network. We introduce an incremental curriculum learning for ordering the input data. The results obtained show an improvement of accuracy and convergence speed. Although this study is carried out on the BreakHis dataset, we believe that it can be generalized to any other dataset. The second part is devoted to the integration of knowledge within the network architecture and at the output level. In this context, we focus on hierarchical multi-label classification, for which we formalize the knowledge representing the hierarchical link. For this aim, we introduce two constraints: one representing the fact that an object can only be assigned to one class at a given level of the hierarchy, and the other imposing that the global assignment of an object respects the class hierarchy (for example, we forbid classifying an element as a bee for its sub-type and a mammal for its super-type). We design an architecture and a loss function that impose these two constraints during learning. The architecture differs from the state of the art in that a single network is used to simultaneously predict the labels of the different levels: all layers are responsible for predicting the tuple of classes. Several variants of the network have been tested on five different datasets and the results confirm the efficiency of the hierarchical constraints, thus supporting the importance of taking external knowledge into account. In order to refine the results of this hierarchical classification, we introduce an abstention mechanism, in the form of a third constraint that enforces the network to give a prediction at the most precise level of specificity on which its confidence is sufficient and to abstain otherwise. We define different confidence thresholds and proposed different constraints on the thresholds accordingly to the class hierarchy. To evaluate this mechanism, new classification metrics that take abstention into account are defined. We carry out experiments on the same five datasets and the results show the interest of abstention, and the need to define empirical thresholds adapted to each dataset. In conclusion, the work in this thesis highlights the value of exploiting external knowledge, this is true for the three main components of a neural network: at the input level during data preparation, in the structure of the network, and at the output level when classification decisions are made
El, amine Mehdi. "Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique : application à un système solaire". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0046/document.
Testo completoThe successful development of industrial products has a considerable economic challenge for the company. Decisions on concepts and product architecture have a significant impact on the overall cost of the product life cycle. Manufacturers are then increasingly encouraged to adopt methods to streamline design decisions. These methods must be consistent with the level of knowledge acquired on alternative design, the nature of decision making and assessment tools available. Thus, both methods of decision support have been developed in this thesis based on the study design phase.A first method is proposed for the upstream design stage in which the goal of the company is to reduce the number of concepts initially proposed to focus its efforts and resources on the most promising concepts. During this phase, the products are defined very loosely. Designers must then make a lot of assumptions when proposing role models to assess the concepts. These models, which express a knowledge of explicit nature, are insufficient to make choices concepts. To overcome this difficulty, we are moving in our study to the implicit knowledge (or subjective), obtained through the experience and expertise acquired by the designers. To integrate this knowledge in decision-making, it is first formalized through tools such as preferably functions. The overall approach to decision support proposed for combining both the implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge (represented by the role models) to assess each concept in terms of ability to meet the minimum requirements for validation and level fitness with the design goals. The objectives and preferences of decision makers are, in turn, structured and formalized through the OIA model (Observation-Interpretation-Aggregation) previously developed in the laboratory I2M-BMI.A second method was proposed for the downstream design phase that aims to set the parameters of the final product (choice of materials, dimensions, etc.) after the concept was chosen. During this phase, the product is defined in a more precise manner and behavior patterns are more representative of the relevant physical phenomena of the concept studied. These models are however based on assumptions which sometimes lead to a questioning their accuracy, especially for some design parameters. Fix the product parameters based solely on these patterns of behavior requires taking into account their accuracy level. We have therefore developed an accuracy indicator of these models that integrates on the one hand, an objective assessment which is the measure of difference between the model and a reference behavior (assumed correct) and, secondly, on a subjective assessment that is based on the distance measurement with the reference solution (prototyped solution) and trusts functions established by the designers. The combination of objective and subjective assessment of the accuracy provides at the end a general indicator of accuracy able to cover the entire design space. The indicator thus obtained is used in a method of decision support that qualifies each candidate solution in terms of risk posed by the accuracy of the models and level of satisfaction of design objectives (based the model OIA)
Paul, Carolyne. "Formation en intégration scolaire, impact sur les connaissances d'une enseignante et sur le fonctionnement social d'élèves intégrés et ordinaires". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21812.pdf.
Testo completo