Tesi sul tema "Intégration dans les politiques alimentaires"
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Lailliau, Julie. "La fabrique d'une politique alimentaire locale intégrée : un éclairage par les interdépendances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0150.
Testo completoDespite the fact that local food policies are seen as an innovation in local public action, nevertheless their construction and implementation have received little study. Indeed, local food policies underpin, above all, political choices that inform both the changes pursued in terms of local regulation of food within territorial food systems, and legitimisation strategies led by public actors which support them. This thesis takes a ‘behind-the-scenes’ look at the construction and implementation of an integrated departmental food policy, using the Gironde Departmental Council as a case study. Applying an original conceptual framework which brings together three literatures: i) an interdependency approach, ii) political work and iii) policy integration, the thesis sheds light on the political work carried out by departmental players during the problematisation and instrumentation stages of the Gironde food strategy, and examines the effects of this local public action on the local food system as well as within the department. To this end, this work is based on an immersion of more than three years within the departmental Agenda 21 mission, due to a Cifre thesis contract, which enabled the constitution of a composite research material made up of participatory observation, the analysis of grey literature, and two series of semi-structured interviews. An analysis based on interdependencies shows how the integrated food policy for the Gironde was developed over a fifteen-year period, between 2008 and 2023. It highlights the fact that the political work in terms of interdependencies carried out by departmental actors - whose influence varies - is constantly renewed. It also allowed us to distinguish four cognitive frameworks leading to four ‘types’ of departmental food policies, each with their own configurations of actors and their own arbitrations in terms of interdependencies - and hence their own levels of policy integration. In other words, over the last fifteen years, the Department of Gironde has not approached food with a consistent vision and has not associated the same objectives with it. Through identifying and exploring these different framings, the thesis sheds light on many aspects of the 'black box' of the Gironde integrated food strategy: the interplay of actors between political and administrative spheres, the trade-offs made between areas of public intervention, the variation in the Department's positions when it comes to bringing about change in the food system and its regulation, and more generally, the Department's strategies for legitimising itself within the political arena. Finally, the analysis of political work carried out by the players around different types of interdependency (e.g. territorial, public/private, knowledge) highlights the interweaving of policy, politics and polity in the creation of the Gironde Departmental Council's food strategy. We consequently conclude that there is a perpetual shift between politicisation and depoliticisation of the food issue as a result of changes in cognitive frameworks, the definition of objectives (transformative aim or political display), inter-territorial relations (in alliance with or opposing the State ; cooperation or avoidance), reconfigurations of players within the Department itself (influence of administrative and political players) or changes in the stance adopted by the Department (front-office approach, facilitator, experimenter, etc.). Finally, the thesis provides new knowledge on the construction of an unstable integrated food policy, whose constituent elements are constantly being reshaped, and through which it is shown that local regulation of food is not so much the objective pursued by the public actor as such, but rather a means of participating in a more global strategy of legitimisation of a Department continually positioning itself as an intermediary actor
Liu, Pengfei. "Intégration de politiques de sécurité dans les systèmes ubiquitaires". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799284.
Testo completoPahun, Jeanne. "L’agriculture face aux politiques alimentaires : une analyse comparée dans trois régions françaises". Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2025.
Testo completoThe increase of alternative food networks outline an agricultural controversy : in order to “eat better”, we should first “produce better”; which means that the agricultural model the food industry depends on should be transformed. This research addresses the way this controversy is translated into local policies and managed on a sub-national level: do agricultural components of local food policies renew the local public regulation on agriculture? To answer this question, we have built a database from one hundred interviews with key players from nine local food policies originating from different French regions : Grand Est, Bretagne and Occitanie. Thanks to an original analytical framework which draws from the studies of social problems as well as from the cognitive analysis of local policies, we were able to show that local food policies act as if the agricultural sector was undergoing changes, although these changes are, indeed, minor. On the urban government scale, when food political outsiders have access to power, they can campaign for different ways of developing agriculture, but the competencies of urban administrations and their internal power struggles largely impediment the impact and the operational implementation of such political programs. On a regional scale, the promotion of “local food” is a way to support conservative agricultural policies. Regional food policies are thus largely dominated by local hegemonic farmers’ organisations but their actions vary a great deal, from one place to another (be it channelling food controversies or overriding them). In addition, we demonstrate that local food policies become part of communication strategies (local marketing or political marketing), making them new symbolic resources of power for local authorities and agricultural elites. Thus, with this thesis, we aim to help renew the way political change is analysed, by studying the new dynamics in public regulation that local policies and integrated policies are bringing
Sassine, Chadi. "Intégration des politiques de maintenance dans les systèmes de production manufacturiers". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0080.
Testo completoDumitrescu, Cristian. "Les politiques d'intégration des pays de l'Est dans l'Union européenne". Paris 8, 2002. http://octaviana.fr/document/180476998#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Testo completoMartignon, Thierry. "Intégration des facteurs politiques dans l'explication de l'évolution du cours du dollar de 1973 à 1985". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10028.
Testo completoThe year 1973 will be for the American green back the start of a period consisting of unreliability, falls, and important fluctuations. The dollar queen money of the sixties will become throughout the years fragile, contested and progressively abandoned on the international financial markets. It seems to appear, as from the year 1973, and thus till 1980 that the evolution of the American dollar’s rate of exchange answers properly, for the most, to a basic analysis of some traditional economic theories will not anymore be sufficient to explain fully the evolution of the American currency. We have their seen the birth of a very new phenomenon: the confidence recovered in the American economy and power. As from there, the political factors will take on the major part in the explanation of the dollar’s evolution. Those political factors will not anymore, like during the period 1973-1980 push to escape in front of the dollar, but in the contrary plays in its favor byhastering it towards the tops. The dollar more than ever political money has become the safest refuge value in a world bumped from everywhere, being a prey to a political state of incertainty and to an important economic crisis
Gastaldi-Menager, Chrystelle. "Intégration des externalités dans l'évaluation économique des politiques publiques : l'exemple de la vaccination contre l'hépatite B". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T025.
Testo completoWhere as the presence of externalities is one of the bases traditionally called upon to legitimate a public intervention and that vaccination is the example-type of situation at the origin of externalities, the economic evaluations of vaccine policies seem not to hold account externalities. The aim of our research consists in analyzing the impact of a non-integration of the externalities in the estimate of the outcome of a vaccine policy. The originality of the method that we propose rests on a dynamic model of the infection. Starting from a study of the literature, are presented (chapter 1) the various stages of the conceptualization of the externalities and the debates which they caused: how to specify the externalities compared to the interdependencies? After having clarified the externality concept, we propose the analysis of vaccination externalities (chapter 2). Our construction is based on an epidemiologic approach: it is a question of identifying the sources of externalities. Are mobilized, at this stage in the analysis, the instrument and information usual in the study relative with transmitted disease (concepts of herd immunity, force of infection. . . ). This reflexion on the identification of source of externalities and of their measurement is applied with the case of the French vaccine policy against the virus of hepatitis B (chapter 3). Lt leads to a certain number of methodological proposals which we develop in the last chapter: we then support our estimate of the externalities on a dynamic model of the infection. We finally propose a grid of analysis of condition favorable, or not, with a taking into account of externalities at the time of an economic evaluation of a vaccine policy
Babetskaia-Kukharchuk, Oxana. "Les institutions et leur impact sur l'intégration commerciale dans les économies en transition". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010041.
Testo completoPenven, Alain. "Intégration et ségrégation des populations pauvres ou marginales : l'exemple des politiques rennaises pour l'habitat". Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20012.
Testo completoThis thesis, drawing on research in urban social geography, analyses deprivation and its treatment within the framework of French urban and social development policies. The French city of Rennes including its surrouding urban district was chosen for study, since it is of a suitable size and has been particularly active and renowned for its policy and results in this area. A multifaceted and cross-disciplinary study of the phenomenon was carried out, analysis being undertaken at different levels, and models of the different processes involved were constructed. These models were then used to interpret the phenomena of integration and segregation, to explain the mechanisms involved in the creation of the fabric of an urban community and to understand the logic behind the behaviour expressed in the struggle for urban citizenship and urban unrest. After having recalled the history of the social housing movement ; in order to show that the recent proclamation giving the right to housing should be viewed as the culmination of a series of policies and social movements, a close examination of different housing projects and initiatives aimed at supplying suitable housing in the Rennes area was carried out. An examination of the spatial distribution of population using comparative and multi-variate analysis was undertaken. In particular an attempt was made to test different tools for the apprehension of the residential structure of a city and the characterisation of the phenomenon of urban poverty. A detailed examination of the different social and urban development policies implemented throughout the nineteen-eighties was carried out in order to characterise the different interventions of different agents playing a role in the creation, renovation and management of social housing stock. Lastly, a study of the socio-residential histories of individuals and families suffering from poverty has highlighted the wide variety and evolving nature of their situations as well as the unpredictable effects of social integration policies
Vidra, Zsuzsanna. "De l'invisibilité à la visibilité : politiques d'intégration et stratégies identitaires des Tsiganes de Hongrie dans une ville (post)-industrielle". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0125.
Testo completoThe aim of the research was to discover how the "Gypsy question" had been treated by the authorities in different historical periods (namely during communism and post-communism) and at the same time examine how Gypsies reacted to the policies that intend to change their lives profoundly. The research was undertaken in a local community in a post-industrial town. The three "agents" identified as being important for this research were the local authorities, the members of the majority population and the Gypsies. Despite the empancipatory discourse of the integration politics, the change of the social status of Gypsies was neither envisaged nor encouraged in the communist system. In the new political system, the exclusion of Gypsies has reinforced because of the appearance of the phenomenon of scapegoating and because of the backlash of the politics of recognition of cultural and ethnic differences. As regards the Gypsies, they were and are obliged to follow the path of identity construction as it is assigned to them by the authorities and the society
Oudot, Jean-Bernard. "La place détériorée de la personne en cumul de difficultés, sans emploi assistée dans les politiques d'insertion". Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000955.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis begins by a socio-historical study of employment and insertion policies from 1945 to 2008, which explain the forerunning context, and focuses on highlighting how these policies have converged to become a unique one. The source of analysis is here composed of various laws, texts, reports, books, statistics, and newspaper articles, regarding the research ground being the aforementioned policies and its resulting organizations, practices and operations. The methodological approach consisted in outlining in the source of analysis the themes tackled, the keywords and the sentences showing the shift of the social representations of the outcasts. The thesis claims that the employment and insertion policies are the outcome of the social representations that the decision-makers of these policies and the public opinion are building about these policies for unemployed assisted ones. The outcast, supported during the 80s and 90s by the society, bearing the responsibility of his exclusion, became the unemployed assisted suspected of abusing of solidarity and individually responsible since 2002-2003. Finally, this thesis highlights the disappearance of the concept of Insertion/social and professional Exclusion based on the multidimensionality of the variables as the inspirational element of insertion policies since durable insertion was replaced by an employment at all price, even under its most precarious forms, in a one-dimensional approach
Touihri-Mebarek, Donia. "Ruptures et continuités dans les politiques d'intégration au Royaume-Uni (1997-2014)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030163.
Testo completoIn the United Kingdom, integration policies have undergone a constant process of redefinition since the urban riots in northern England in 2001. These events, and the London bombings of 2005, which were widely described as resulting from the ethnic segregation of British society, have led to a questioning of the multiculturalist policies implemented since the 1980s and to a review of integration policies. The objective of this research is to determine the ruptures and the continuities in the new political definitions of integration, both at the level of political discourse and of the actual implementation of policy guidelines, and to determine whether there has been indeed a break with multiculturalism between 2001 and 2014. Analysis of speeches and official reports, as well as a field survey on the reforms and on the new arrangements for naturalization lead to several conclusions: On the one hand, it is possible to observe the gradual crystallization of an assimilationist approach to integration that has become more visible since the Conservatives came to power in 2010. On the other hand, however, multiculturalist discourses and policies subsist in various guises; in fact, innovative visions of integration such as ‘community cohesion’ can be understood to have renewed this paradigm in new ways. Likewise, the increasing recognition of religious pluralism in public action suggests what we call a ‘confessionalisation’ of British multiculturalism
Walsh, Élizabeth. "Régionalisme et convergence des politiques : l'influence d'un réseau syndical dans l'élaboration des politiques du travail par le Mercosul". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25358/25358.pdf.
Testo completoAbradi, Sara. "Le traitement des dispositifs d’intégration des demandeurs d’asile au Québec dans la littérature sociologique ou La désintégration théorique : une étude d’approche institutionnelle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40074.
Testo completoThe aim of this research is to study how Quebec sociology deals with the institutional measures for the integration of asylum seekers. The research was based on the observation that there are few studies on the integration of asylum seekers in Quebec sociology whereas the reflection on the matter is widely explored elsewhere. After analysing sociological texts on the topic, six themes have been proposed: the measures, the epistemological approach, the phenomenological approach, the comparative approach, the feminist approach and the critical approach. Economic measures are the most developed and they mostly concern job seeking. However, a few social, cultural and political measures do exist. As for the discourses on integration, there are differences on several levels. If at the Canadian federal level, integration refers to multiculturalism, in Quebec it deals with interculturalism, a compromise between the desire to preserve Quebec's cultural identity and the attachment to Canadian values of acceptance of the culture of the other. In the past, if the asylum seeker benefited from a positive aura with a tradition of welcoming the asylum seeker as a national value, he is now confronted with an arsenal of restrictive and dissuasive immigration measures that makes integration difficult for him. On the other hand, asylum seekers have their own perceptions and discourses on integration. The comparative approach made it possible to compare Quebec, Canadian, French and American integration models. In the past, the first comparisons of sociologists focused on French and American classical models. However, the importance of the phenomenon of immigration in these societies leaded them to find and propose other concepts in order to represent as much as possible this reality. The feminist approach shows the situation of intersectionality of women. The critical approach highlights discrimination in the process of integration and its measures which are mainly related to the issue of social integration.
Toure, Mamoudou. "Evaluation empirique des politiques de stabilisation macroéconomique dans les économies en transition d'Europe". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/TOURE_Mamoudou_2010.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis is about the macroeconomic stabilization programs of the European transition economies with the view to join Euro area. The goal is to evaluate the stabilization programs implemented in three economies which adopted the inflation targeting regime : the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Methodoligically, this thesis employs quantitative approach to access the monetary transmission mechanims, to analize the inflation dynamics and to study the empirical non linear monetary rules. The main findings suggest that Hungary is relatively better able to integrate in Euro area? On the otherhand, the Czech Republic and Poland appear to be less equipped to join the group of the oppotunity cost that they have to face in giving up their exchange rate regimes. Further, the inflation dynamics of these countries can be explained by the backward-lookink and forward-looking behaviours with later being dominant. Still more, monetary credibility plays a role in the desinflation process of these countries, especially Poland. Finally, the manetary authorities' reaction to nominal exchange rate depreciation points to the implicit utilization of menetary conditions indicator. Therefore, we identify two types of regimes in the course of transition. The disinflation regime appears to be more persistant
Boukrou, Nacer. "L'immigration en France entre assimilation intégration et exclusion : principes et politiques sociales dans la région rouennaise de 1945 à nos jours". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL020.
Testo completoThroughout the history, France has always been a land of immigration. However, after the end of World War II, it received many successive waves of migration under many categories (economic, demographic and family). As a result of this explosion of immigration, the social attitude vis-à-vis foreign populations had changed especially with a growing immigrant population. This evolution has revealed a profound change at the socio-economic level which contributes to the emergence of some immigration policies and questions like: integration, inclusion, but also exclusion and discrimination that were largely used in social science research. The use of these concepts describing the socio-cultural aspects of migration phenomenon shows how social reality and migration policies have attempted to provide an answer to every social change, economic or political. In this thesis, we intend to question the French integration model which is widely criticized by some specialized approaches in the institutional field. That is why we studied through the pages of this thesis, the evolution of principles and social practices concerning the question immigrant’s integration in France since 1945 to the present day. This research focuses on the study of migration reality in the city of Rouen with a general an overview on the socio-historical context of the immigration phenomenon in France
Bergeaud-Blackler, Florence. "L'institutionnalisation de l'Islam à Bordeaux : enjeux sociaux, politiques et économiques de l'implantation du culte musulman dans un espace urbain". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2A001.
Testo completoBy broadening the time scope and reducing the space scope of its investigation, the author shows that in France, the process of institutionalisation of Islam is neither linear nor uniform in time and space. It does not only depend on the proportion of Muslims in France or on their level of cultural and social integration. It also varies according to the status of Islam and Muslims in the Republic. The difficulties met when reconstructing a history of Muslim institutions in Bordeaux, a metropolis that built its wealth on colonialism, reveal the existence of a deep-rooted "republican ideology of Islam". This enables us to understand better what is at stake when addressing the issue of the establishing of Islam. The forming of the Muslim associations of Bordeaux was until now poorly known, as well as their relations with their political and economical environment. Through the setting up of a legal slaughtering system for the Aïd el Kebir, the detailed study of these associations illustrates the concrete effects of the national construction of the Muslim fact on the structuring of the Islamic community in Bordeaux
Sombetzki-Lengagne, Delphine. "Formes étatiques et intégration européenne : l'influence de l'intégration européenne sur la répartition des compétences dans les ordres allemand, espagnol et français". La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_27_Sombretzki-Len.pdf.
Testo completoGiordano, Paolo Maria. "Economie politique de l'intégration régionale dans le Mercosur : nouveau régionalisme, intégration et négociations internationales". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0020.
Testo completoPhilipona, Angélique. "Adaptation de la société française au vieillissement : vieillir aujourd'hui dans une Ville Amie des Aînés : intégration, discrimination et rôles des politiques publiques". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH013/document.
Testo completoThis PhD work aims to analyse the way French cities seize and implement the Agefriendly Cities approach on their territories. Thanks to seventy semi-guided interviews, a second data analysis and active observation, we studied how thirteen French cities decided to implement the Age-friendly Cities approach.This work of research revolves around ideas about how to combat ageism, about the importance of consulting the inhabitants and of using a cross-disciplinary way of work. Like that, it aims to analyse how French cities adapted their local public policies in coherence with the frame given by the Age-friendly Cities approach, the national policies and the recommendations of the international bodies, all that in an unprecedented demographic context. That way, we have been able to determine some main criteria likely to modify, in depth, the public policies initiated by local authorities, enabling them to go out from amedico-social reasoning of assistance and to get closer to a way of work taking into account older people and considering them as inhabitant and stakeholders of the city.Carried out thanks to a CIFRE contract (a French agreement allowing passing a PhD inside a company) within the Francophone Network of Age-friendly Cities, this study was necessary to answer practical objectives related to the adaptation of training offers and support measures for elected representatives and professionals, in charge of the implementation of the Age-friendly Cities approach in the member cities
Vautier, Bertrand. "Intégration de la variabilité des porcs en croissance dans la modélisation des besoins nutritionnels et recherche de sstratégies alimentaires permettant de maîtriser l’hétérogénéité des porcs". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARB237.
Testo completoThe integration of variability among individuals is of a great interest in pig growth modelling. This PhD work aims (i) to produce data allowing the description of the variability among individuals from different terminal French crossbreds, (ii) to analyze the obtained data to describe the structure of the variability of these populations and to use it in modelling approaches, and (iii) to propose and test strategies that conciliate production goals and environmental considerations. A database was built, based on live weight and daily feed intake from 1288 growing gilts and barrows, issued from ten different crossbreds and ten batches. Each animal was characterized by five variables describing an individual profile in the model InraPorc. The results suggest that the variance-covariance structures among these variables vary from one group of pigs to another, a group being defined by the batch and the sex x crossbred combination. A variance-covariance pattern relies on a variance-covariance matrix of variables, their distribution, and a population-specific vector of variables means. A virtual population of 2000 pigs was generated using a new generator of virtual pigs and the proposed variance-covariance mean pattern. This population was used to simulate the effect of feeding strategy and feed price context on average performance, variation of live weight among pigs, and N output. Our study shows that a controlled dietary restriction combined with a two-phase feeding strategy allows an improvement of final weight heterogeneity, margin per pig and N excretion. An in vivo trial confirmed the relevance of simulation results. This work allows considering future integration of a population dimension in growth models and tools
Lefrançois, Nicolas. "Gestion du plurilinguisme au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg : projet de modélisation des politiques linguistiques nationales dans le cadre de l'insertion et de l'intégration des populations étrangères". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30001.
Testo completoThe Luxembourgish sociolinguistic context, structured around a pluriglossy inscribed diachronically in a secular history, calls for specific language arrangements for the purpose of addressing a particular demographic situation in which nearly 50% of residents are foreign nationals. Varieties imported by foreigners are combined with this historical national trilingualism and widely disseminated within the economic sphere.The first part of this thesis therefore lists the conditions for the existence of a “language policy” according to a historical and geographical context that justifies the presence of linguistic varieties in a given territory. It is intended to base a definition of these varieties on three perspectives: a morphological perspective, a symbolic perspective, and a sociological perspective. Language, seen as a component of a linguistic ecology – according to Einar Haugen –, involves complex political and social arrangements that govern its management according to its propagation environment. The descriptive analysis then focuses on the study of these organisational systems of planning or development, which are translated into national language policies.The second part focuses on current language policies in Luxembourg, which are strained between the dual objective of promoting the national variety, Luxembourgish, and of attracting, by economic necessity, a massive workforce divided into two major groups: French speakers and English speakers. The analysis is based on a double corpus consisting, on the one hand, of a collection of interviews conducted with actors involved in the implementation of these local language policies, and on the other hand, a collection of questionnaires distributed to a sample of foreigners residing and working in the country. Their study reveals a complex sociolinguistic situation which disrupts the hierarchical ranking of the three national languages - French, German and Luxembourgish. The successive linguistic arrangements attempt to reconcile these antagonisms by implying the hypothesis of a progressive orientation of plurilingualism towards a legal predominance of the national language, possibly leading, in the long term, to an official affirmation of a Luxembourg speaking monolinguism
Viandaz, Magali-Lina. "Immigration comparée dans un contexte de globalisation". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30028/document.
Testo completoBy comparing the labour migration policies in France and Switzerland, the question is how these two countries arrive at a compromise between a liberalism towards more exchange and a legal system aiming at reducing this opening. This comparative study covers the immigration policies in France and Switzerland since World War II up to the latest laws. By starting with the reasons for emigration of migrant workers we must interest ourselves in the dealings with immigration of foreign labour in the host societies through the work permit, resident permit and more generally speaking the "categorisation" of foreigners. The evolution of the characteristics of the migrant workers is also analysed in order to distinguish bettween the different "generations" of migrant workers as well as their integration into the world of work. The issue of integration is treated through a certain number of indicators regarding the workers ans their families : schooling of children, accomodation, social and civic rights; but also through the analysis of the Host Country. Finally, the impact of the communitarisation of the migratory policies is developed in order to display the possibilities for each country to define the persons authorised to enter their territories in a context of globalisation, according to their respective needs
Chauvel, Séverine. "Des politiques aux pratiques d'orientation : enquête ethnographique dans deux collèges de banlieue". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0003.
Testo completoThe school counselling procedure, taking place at the end of middle school, is a major educational and social filter that pupils have to go through in their early educational life. School counselling pratices, wich have been evolving in time admist various institutional frameworks, are now at the center of teacher's daily work and constitutive of the policies for a general increase in the duration of studies and better educational equity. This thesis is based on an ethnographic study that took place over two years within two middle schools of the same city, in the suburbs of Paris, and within the families of the pupils. Its aim is to show the necessity to take into account both the social background and the locally available educational opportunities in order to understand the mechanisms that underlie the choices of educational carrers made by pupils. The thesis reveals various sources of tension between the practitioners of school counselling. They arise in particular because pupil guidance is a vector of the evaluation culture and a major stake in the context of competition between schools, wich appears more organized by the institution itself than a consequence of a strategy of the families. In cautiousness from the pupils and their families, wich translates into an educational disinflation that impacts their career objectives. Parental strategies derive from various forms of resistance or mobilization, wich, in addition to being gender dependent, vary also depending on the cultural capital that is available to the families and hence tends to draw borders between different social and ethical groups
Moualou, Nzigou Carelle Ariana. "Développement de l'usage des TICE dans le système éducatif gabonais". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3044.
Testo completoThe integration of information technology and the applied communication to teaching in the educative system needs to accompany teachers by strategies of training. Unfortunately in Gabon it is not always the same. This integration which largely depends on technological, pedagogical and human factors brings changes in the uses of teachers. My thesis was focused on what teachers think about the advantages of the Information and Communication Technology for Teaching usage in their practices. For this reason, I made a quantitative analysis of received schemas towards fifty teachers. This analysis allows to find out different uses of teachers in the studied schools but also their representatives concerning these uses. Not only this analysis allows to find out different uses of teachers in the studied schools, but also their representatives concerning these uses. The results show that there are in these schools certain uses of Information and Communication Technology by teachers. In addition, there hasn't been mere programs of teachers training putting amphasis on technological competences linked to the school curricula or taught disciplines yet. The teachers receive rather a training focused on the mastering of computers tools and certain computers practices
Brillant, Etchemaite Virginie. "La perspective transfrontalière de l'emploi dans l'eurorégion Aquitaine-Euskadi". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0082/document.
Testo completoThis research about the cross-border perspective of employment in the Euroregion Aquitaine- Euskadi, based on a comparison between the spanish and french legal systems, aims to analyze the ways and legal tools towards a certain form of integration of employment policies at euroregional scale. It supposes to get through two kinds of difficulties: those related to the coexistence of two national legal systems within a single euroregional space and those related to the freedom of movements of workers, as individuals and citizens. The first step of the research is a descriptive and analitical one; the second step proposes a form of modelisation. First, the thesis aims at describing the national employment policies wich are implemented in cross-border areas such as the Euroregion Aquitaine-Euskadi. Both of them are characterized by a State hegemony and by a complex organization of competences of local authorities. Second, it suggests an evolution of employment policies towards the neutralisation of the border effect thanks to the implementation of integration processes through experimental legal rules
Diallo, Hamidou. "Hétérogénéités régionales et politiques macroéconomiques dans une zone monétaire le cas de l'UEMOA". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020090/document.
Testo completoThis paper draws lessons from the Eurozone which represents the most advanced stage of economic integration in the European Union. However the alternative adjustment mechanisms in place there prove to be insufficient to absorb asymmetric shocks endured by member states. We used various methods such as convergence barometers, decision tree classification, and Merton model in order to assess the effectiveness of the economic policies in place within the WAEMU . We studied, through empirical data from 1994 to 2015, the heterogeneity of the main macroeconomic aggregates between the countries of the area and it’s evolution over time. Contrary to expectations, discrepancies still exist between countries. In accordance with the goal of macroeconomic policy measured, our results reveal that either the effects of migration between groups, or the changes in performance within groups give an account of the changes in performance inside groups. Our investigations eventually brings to light that the expansion to the ECOWAS amplifies the divergences.Lastly, our results show that the Taylor rule has been well put to use in comparison to targeted inflation since 2003. This rule can be regarded as a "basic rule" adaptable to the policy of the future central bank after having lifted the difficulty in determining the reference values in these heterogeneous economic areas
Hendawi, Hossam. "L'Organisation des pays arabes exportateurs de pétrole (OPAEP) : problémes juridiques et politiques d'une organisation internationale spécialisée dans le domaine des affaires pétrolières". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10053.
Testo completoBruneau, Aurélie. "Apprendre le français, s'approprier, s'intégrer au féminin dans le Val-de-Marne : Enjeux éthiques, politiques et institutionnels". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2025/document.
Testo completoThis PhD, written while working at the Departemental council for Val-de-Marne (CIFRE structure), offers a survey and reflexion on the place given to learning French by migrant women, with complex insertion histories, within a training program of French as a professional language. This program has been initiated and supported by the Department, for which the PhD candidate was project manager. This research raises the question of the place and role of French language in the integrative vision of foreigners by the French State, but also by migrating persons themselves. In the same time, the missions accomplished at CIFRE have allowed to shed the light on a linguistic management and development that appears to be both implicit and territorialized. This research, rooted in the fields of didactics of languages and sociolinguistic, has been developed from a comprehensive and an interpretative epistemological orientation, informed by the hermeneutical points of view, questioning all together the notions of history, experience and projection (of the witnesses, as well as the researcher)
Cherkaoui, Majda. "L'intégration des immigrées marocaines vieillissant seules en France et en Belgique. : Quelle perception ont-elles de leur vie et de leur avenir, au regard des politiques publiques mises en œuvre dans les deux pays d'accueil ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20733.
Testo completoFrance and Belgium have both massively attracted Moroccan immigration in the nineteen sixties and seventies. Many among those immigrants got old in their new country. Among them were women who had come on their own or to join their husbands for family gathering and settlement.We have directed our research onto a category of particularly vulnerable women in their fifties and sixties who live on their own and are approaching the age of retirement. Widowed, single, divorced or abandoned by their husbands, they live on low income. Our qualitative field study focused on their story and their own perceptions of their past life and future.The women we've interviewed live in two different locations—Paris and its suburbs, and the Brussels area. This choice was imposed on us because the two contexts of immigration are different in France and in Belgium, as far as institutions and immigration policies are concerned. Here is a very sensitive related issue—Republican integration is advocated in France while cultural communities are recognized in Blegium.Whatever their social standards, however, those women undergo the triple penalty of being immigrants, elderly and women. They were not able, during their lifetime, to get an access to all the legal devices they could have claimed for
Bignami, Filippo. "La politique de la citoyenneté en Europe : appartenance et citoyenneté : population et évolution des concepts sociopolitiques de la citoyenneté dans l’Union européenne". Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083854.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis asks in an innovative way what kind of conception(s) of socio-political transformation of citizenship have emerged over time within the European integration process. Research on European citizenship has tended to fall into a sceptical strand relying on the nation-state model of citizenship (often called the no demos position) or a more visionary strand which interprets the developments of rights on the EU level as a postnational disconnection of citizenship from nationality. These normative strands have tended to translate the question of what should it be, into factual statements on what citizenship in the EU actually is (and what might be in the future). The starting point for this research aim is an individuation of the emerging model of polity and a critic update of the existing literature on European citizenship, from the political and social aspects in particular and considering as well the historical perspective. This thesis aims to overcome this through a theoretically informed, yet empirically oriented study, of how conceptions of European citizenship have developed, starting from the definition of the actual functional-political dimension that influences primarly the concept of citizenship. Theoretically, the thesis avoids the typical model approach of citizenship studies. It does so by focusing on citizenship as a status of individuals constituted through four analytically distinct, yet inter-related dimensions: a) membership, considered from the point of view of enlarging EU process depending from the policies; b) rights in a neo-functional optic; c) participation in the modern forms of policy; d) identity as ultimate effect in the frame of actual polities. This provides a dynamic theory based on the political transformations and evolutions of citizenship within the polities and within the transformation of the socio-political asset of EU, where the appearance of and relationship between dimensions is not settled a priori, but rather needs to be scrutinised in practice. In order to achieve the mentioned aim the thesis is organised in seven chapters to trace a coherent and consequential disciplinary flow. The first chapter collects, maps and organises the main citizenship’ theories, focusing the concept and figuring out the dimensions of the citizenship. The second chapter enters in the deep of the concept of European citizenship. The third chapter defines the conceptions of citizenship’s researching in the European Union in term of methodology and dimensions of empirical field. The fourth chapter analyses in detail the conceptions oc citizenship in the European Union policy practices in a longitudinal optic, in order to figure our which were (and are/will be) the visions and the features of state-nation in the field. The fifth chapter traces a historical review of conceptions of citizenship in the process of EU Constitution making. The sixth chapter is the survey on the field, to map the state of art of (European) citizenship through a qualified panel. The last chapter contains conclusions and try to set perspectives about the trajectory of European citizenship
Robenate, Jean-Calvin. "Les politiques de transport routier dans la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20105/document.
Testo completoConvention governing the economic Union of central Africa (UEAC) contains the specific measures whose object is to harmonize the policies of transport. That passes by the opening of the national markets of the Member States to the economic operators, the suppression of the restrictions on freedom to provide services and of establishment, the interconnection of the infrastructures, etc From the criteria of formal, factual and axiologic validity of the right, this thesis has the aim of analyzing the constraints which handicap these policies. After having made the report of the difficulties related to the choice of the technique of harmonization of laws, the study considers the limits due to the nonobservance of the procedures of admission of conventions in the internal legal orders, with the weakness of the institutions, with the economic risks, financial and political. It suggests that it is necessary to give of the order in the legal systems, thanks to a policy of coding and, in the long term, seeking the legal security, by the standardization of the involved rules. Lastly, vis-a-vis corruption, it gives an opinion for a duty of interference of the International community to make safe the resources intended for the modernization of the road infrastructures
Jempa, Kanko Mutombo Emilie. "L’élaboration des politiques environnementales au prisme de l’Analyse d’Impact de la Commission européenne :discours, gouvernementalité et performativité". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/224354.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis questions the performativity of the European Commission Impact Assessment (EC-IA) as decision-support instrument at the heart of the European policy process in the case of European environmental policy-making.Adopted in 2002, the EC-IA is meant to address “all” significant economic, social and environmental impacts of the EC proposals. It is an instrument of the Sustainable Development strategy, as well as of the Better Regulation agenda. It will progressively mainly contribute to this second agenda, with a focus of the guidelines on cost-benefit analysis and non-legal instruments.Questioning the EC-IA rational and performativity, the thesis conceives the EC-IA as a neoliberal governmentality technique within the European environmental policy-making process, among other leaning on the monetisation of impacts. The hypothesis is the reinforcement of the ecological modernisation discourse, contributing to the economicisation of environmental issues, with economic utility as yardstick.Following our investigations (made of discourse analysis, combining document analysis, interviews and lexicometry), it turns out that results are only partially congruent with our research hypothesis. As a matter of fact, the implementation of the EC-IA does not involve, for the case studied, systematic monetisation, nor quantification of environmental impacts or the systematic proposal of voluntary or market instruments. Moreover, the lexicometric analysis highlights two parallel types of governmentalities, partially overlapping, with the ecological modernization and green governmentality discourses.However, we also highlights the important weight and structuring strength of the word and concept of “cost”, and the systematic economic justification of environmental action, a.o. through storyline elements typical of the modernization discourse, avatar of neoliberal governmentality. In spite of the partial implementation of the EC-IA guidelines, or du to this incompleteness, we observe that EC-IA implementation contributes to the economicisation of the making of European environmental policies through the embedding of environmental issues in an economic utility logic, and through the subordination of the assessment of “economic, social and environmental” impacts to the question of the cost of action and to comparison criteria in line with the economic dimension.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Millogo, Yves. "La CEDEAO dans le changement politique : les enjeux de la coopération et du développement régional". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010285.
Testo completoJousserandot, François. "L'action publique d'aide à l'orientation 1981-2001 : recomposition de l'intervention sociale et action publique locale : le cas des Missions locales et de l'entrée de la Région dans les politiques d'insertion des jeunes en Rhône-Alpes". Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21009.
Testo completoThe "Missions locales" serve to illustrate in an emblematic way both the ambitions and the limits of the policies concerning the integration of young people, from the Schwartz report, initiating a reflexion in 1981, to the elaboration of a collective convention for their staff in 2001. The aim of this thesis is to study how public action, whose first directions date from the beginning of last century, deals with the issue of youth employment advice. As bearers of reforms inherent to their plan, the Missions locales provide a specific and systemic prospect in which careers advice deals with integration. The self-made pattern thus influences the universalist and pragmatic aims of public action dealing with employment guidance. This aspect of social intervention goes along with the redefinition of the social state. On the arrival of the five-year plan of 1993 granting more abilities to the Regions in matters of professional education for young people, local councils will in turn interface with the complex landscape of all the devices set up to promote careers guidance. Rhône-Alpes stands out as a prominent figure, setting an example in their attempt to build up a local policy for the promotion of young people's employment prospects which includes their training for a career, their choice of a job and their integration in society. As reforms aimed at decentralization appear, the connection between Regions and Missions locales will have encouraged the inception of a new scheme helping people to find suitable work lifelong. It is reasonable to assume that the issue at stake here is how careers advice may aid our thinking about the problem of integration
O'Heix, Bruno-Charles. "Etude écologique du changement climatique et des effets de l'ozone sur les chênes ainsi que sur l'écosystème d'une forêt dépérissante en Europe Centrale : vers une intégration dans les prises de décisions politiques pour un aménagement forestier durable". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10290.
Testo completoThe condition of Hungarian forest ecosystems was analysed and compared to the European and world ecosystems, taking into account the global climatic changes. The Hungarian site of Síkfökút, continuously studied during the last twenty-five years has been considered in the light of new concepts. Two oak species Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris are growing in this stand, showing contrasting declining symptoms, Q. Cerris being considered as more resistant. Different analyses were made on the site, including dendrochronology and litter decomposition. In parallel, a fumigation experiment with ozone was carried out in a phytotronic chamber including two more oak species Q. Robur and Q. Rubra. The four oak species showed differential responses to ozone and they can be ranged from the more ozone tolerant to the more sensitive as follows: Q. Cerris > Q. Rubra > Q. Petraea > Q. Robur. These results led to suggestions for recommendations of species selection in reforestation and afforestation
Radonova, Elitsa. "La construction des systèmes de partis politiques dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale et l’intégration européenne : le cas de la Bulgarie, de la Roumanie et de la Slovaquie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010255.
Testo completoOur research work proposes to study the basis of the construction of the political party systems in post-communist countries and the internal and external factors affecting their evolution. The post 1989 changes were supposed to follow a sequential logic comprising certain inevitable steps - organization of free elections; the adoption of new constitutions, judiciary and administration reform, European harmonization etc, The expectation being that European integration would act as the driving force towards a gradual stabilization of the institutions and of the legal standards and that it would contribute, ultimately, to a progressive convergence of East European practices with those already in place within the European Union. The objective of this research thesis is to tackle the construction of the political party system in Central and Eastern Europe in the triple logic of: the structural characteristics of the political arena, the strategy of the main political actors and the role that the European variable played. Despite the progresses of the integration within the European Union, the atmosphere of permanent crisis and the "cycles of disillusionment" within the CEEC increase the chance that non-traditional and populist parties find a place within the national political scenes. Our research is conducted in a comparative way and its scope covers three countries: Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia
Dangy, Louise. "S'affronter pour réguler : le conflit transatlantique sur le boeuf aux hormones dans l'organisation internationale du commerce agroalimentaire". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2006/document.
Testo completoThe goal of this work is to understand how deep the commercial war between North America and Europe regarding the use of growth hormones in food-producing animals impacted institutional history of global food trade regulation. Between 1980 and the contemporary period (2016), several crises revealed the atypical nature of the European Union ban. As a result, the European Union views legitimacy was contested in the globalization context. The conflict takes places in several arenas. First of all, it constitutes an issue for Europe, which strived to find an interinstitutional agreement on how to legislate on growth hormones at the European level during the 80ies. Then, it has been one of the most talked about disagreements of the General agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) and the World trade organization (WTO) negotiations from 1987 onwards. Finally, it involves the CodexAlimentarius Commission, the international organization in charge of setting food standards. In each of these institutions, the beef-hormones conflict management goes with important institutional changes: new specific units, working principles and procedures were created. Thus, my work aimed to precisely describe what consequences the beef-hormones conflict might have had on any of these institutions. As a result, I show how this specific case contributed to the instauration of internationalfood trade regulation.My work relies on a socio-historical inquiry based on diverse and rich empirical data, in order to cover the three aforesaid institutions between 1980 and 2016. I constituted a documentary corpus from institutional archives, and I performed about thirty sociological interviews. I spent several hundreds of hours realizing ethnographing observation, most of which being facilitated by my belonging to the ministry of agriculture’s services. Analysis of this data emphasizes the transforming role of the beef-hormones conflict at an international scale. The conflict first convinced all the stakeholders that it was crucial to strengthen supranational institutions (be it at the European or at the global level). It also allowed to test newly created instruments in their practical functioning. From this prospective, the beef-hormones conflict management reveals the different actors’ internationalrelations perceptions and their evolution during the studied period. Finally, as the beef-hormones conflict has constituted a pattern to the establishment of negotiation strategies, it became a cultural reference structuring an international community. It is therefore a socializing factor.My inquiry also enables a better understanding of private actors’ expectations about international regulation. Veterinary drug industries are actively involved in the institutional discussions surrounding the beef-hormones case, requesting for binding international food trade standards. They are more particularly interested in the activity of standard-setting bodies like Codex. This attitude indicates that those actors use global regulation instruments to advocate for their preferred collective action principles
Lecomte, Jean-Philippe. "Représentations et réalités des fonctions sociales du service militaire dans la société française (1868-2001)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0023.
Testo completoPerri, Alessandro. "Raison et représentation de la flexibilité au travail dans une perspective comparative-historique entre l'Italie, la France et l'Allemagne dans le contexte du processus d'intégration européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAC017.
Testo completoThe research analyses, reconstructs and compares the evolution of labour market deregulation and flexibilisation in Italy, France and Germany in the framework of the European integration process. Starting from the constitution of the "single market", in the three legal systems the introduction of elements referable to the institution of 'flexibility' proves to be compatible, net of specific reformist aspects, with the political, legislative and judicial direction set off in the EU, fully rooted in the neo-ordo-liberal culture prevailing in the continent. In the context of the long accumulation crisis, the lack of synthesis between the construction of a 'highly competitive social market economy' and the objective of 'work as a factor of social integration' has caused an increase in inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth between capital and labour and between countries; this increase is greater than that recorded between different labour figures or between regions of the same country. The results place the research within the more recent literature that affirms the absence of a positive correlation between labour market flexibilisation and increases in employment and output. In this framework, the case study of the analysis in the major Italian newspapers of the representation of the legislative process that led to the enactment of the first two laws of the Jobs Act reveals the inability on the part of the press to provide readers with complete information on the regulatory framework, compared to what was analysed previously. In fact, the construction of the discourse on the reform flattens out on the reading provided by the employers' side, also adopted by the government in office, thus failing to give adequate publicity to the nature and effects of the reform for the workers' side
Montagne, Karen. "L'alimentation au fil des générations : l'analyse de parcours de vie alimentaire, en France, au travers des procès de transmissions, innovations et intégration des pratiques, comportements et savoir-faire de mangeurs dans des espaces en mutation". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2007.
Testo completoThis study offers an analysis of past and present food modes among a kinship group comprising four generations. Through first hand recording of life trajectories and direct observations collected in immersion over an extended period of time (ten years), this work is an attempt to highlight the sociocultural factors and mechanisms that affect food procurements practices, culinary skills, food representations and behaviors at different stage of life. This in-depth observation of a group of relatives serves the examination of cultural, social, economic and historical factors that are at play during the primary and secondary socialisation phases and impact the construction and evolution of individual as well as family food repertories. This is amonography about a French middle class extented family which provides access to the evolutions of relations to cooking and feeding from women's point a view
Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
Testo completoThe power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions
Ellafi, Khaoula. "La consommation halal à l'épreuve de l'immigration : cas de la deuxième génération maghrébine en France". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26828.
Testo completoPasquali, Paul. "Passer les frontières sociales : promoteurs et bénéficiers de l'"ouverture sociale" des grandes écoles dans la France contemporaine". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0035.
Testo completoAt the junction of the sociology of social mobility, the history of« elites » and the ethnography of educational policies, this dissertation examines the conditions of possibility and the life experiences of people who benefit from upward social mobility through elite selective education in France. Through the study of widening participation policies of the « grandes écoles» (elite schools) and preparatory classes to these schools, we show how and why such prestigious institutions implement specific programs for working class students and how the latter abandon, redefine or maintain their dispositions, as they move away more or less from their original milieu. This research draws on historical documents, statistical data, in-depth interviews, direct observations and rushes from a documentary film. The first part shows that the unequal social access to elite schools, at the center of debates or policies since 1944, only became a central public issue at the end of the 1990s, when different actors borne by their interests and/or family legacy became the heralds of the cause of widening participation. The second part focuses on a preparatory class located in a prestigious high school which trains youth from working-class areas to enter a group of elite schools (Instituts d'Études Politiques). We examine the practices through which the teachers try to instill in these students a new attitude toward culture and the future. The third part analyzes the factors that explain that students go through with, slow down or interrupt their trajectories of social displacement in the years that follow the competitive entrance exams to these schools, and the consequences of such attitudes
Flamant, Anouk. "Droit de cité ! : construction et dilution d’une politique municipale d’intégration des étrangers dans les villes de Lyon, Nantes et Strasbourg (1981-2012)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20120/document.
Testo completoSince the early eighties, local politicians have started to claim their competencies to solve the « problem » of « integration ». Activists in favour of migrants and some national organisations have acted to make that “problem” a top priority on the political agenda. With new mayors elected in Lyon, Nantes and Strasbourg in 1989, cities have been clearly determined to increase their competencies on this topic in front of the State. This process was also noticeable at the European level in network of cities even if French cities stressed out the specific French philosophy of integration. In the 2000s, the setting up of units dedicated to “integration” reveals how local policies on “integration” have started to be institutionalised. However, the rising issue of the fight against discrimination has provoked the disappearance of an active local policy to solve the socio-economic issues migrants and ethnic minorities are facing. Our analysis reveals how politics do matter in policies and how the European level is seen as an opportunity to criticize the supremacy of the State. Last but not least, whereas France is described to be blind to ethnic communities, we stress out how city actions are laying down ethnicity to determine who is a « foreigner »
Minea, Andreea. "Essays on the social inclusion of young people : family and labor market pathways". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0004/document.
Testo completoThe first chapter examines the role of individuals’ culture of origin in explaining the gender gap in youth’s decision to delay moving out from the parental household. I show that in societies with traditional values about gender roles, young have more incentives than young women to live longer with their parents. When women from these cultures live in a more liberal society regarding gender roles, they move out faster from the parental household and also seek to find a husband from a different culture than their own. In the 2nd chapter, we show, based on a correspondence study that low-skilled youth are less likely to be called back by private sector employers when they are North-African rather than French. By contrast, the origin of the fictitious applicants does not impact their callback rate in the public sector, despite the similar negative discriminatory beliefs of recruiters in both sectors. Our model shows that the absence of discrimination at the invitation for an interview stage in the public sector is compatible, in this context, with stronger discrimination in hiring. The third chapter is also based on a correspondence study and investigates the effects of the labor market experience of high school dropouts four years after leaving school. Compared to those who have stayed unemployed since leaving school, the callback rate is not raised for those with employment experience, whether it is subsidized or non-subsidized, in the market or non-market sector, if there is no training accompanied by skill certification. Moreover, training accompanied by skill certification improves callback rates only when the local unemployment rate is low
Ba, Oumar. "La politisation des partis à caractère ethnique dans les pays postcommunistes d’Europe Centrale et Orientale : une comparaison des trajectoires de la Bulgarie, la Serbie, le Monténégro et le Kosovo". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40052.
Testo completoThe revolutions of Eastern induced fragmentation of States were accompanied internally by a revival of ethnic parties, which is not without its problems in political democracy. Transitions and even more democratic consolidation are emerging a double phenomenon of interaction between actors and the system in search of a new equilibrium. Ethnic parties then politicize the system opens the ethnic actor. We are witnessing an evolutionary adjustment of the system to the new situation. The system opens to the new demands ethnic ways and to different degrees: between legalization and tolerance. Side actors, are gradually returning ethnic parties in the political game, in different ways and to different degrees. In our problem the field deploy interactive relationships between multi-level actors (parties-States) and in the various fields (political, societal and legal). Their connections are crossed between the State and international space, public and civil, political and social, with host countries or origin, but also the third States. They are separatist ambitions or simply political lobbies. We tried to highlight the main aspects of the complexity of the ethnic issue in young democracies political '' in consolidation ''. The ethnic problem of CEEC can help us to complete updating some general visions of political science? The actors involved are invited to avoid the pitfalls of nationalism perceived as '' petty '' or '' chaotic '' while serving the cause of a more flexible policy integration to the ‘‘democratic peace’’
Cognard, Françoise. "" Migrations d'agrément " et nouveaux habitants dans les moyennes montagnes françaises : de la recomposition sociale au développement territorial. L'exemple du Diois, du Morvan et du Séronais". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20003.
Testo completoBoutron, Camille. "Genre et conflit armé : la trajectoire des femmes combattantes du conflit armé interne péruvien [1980-2000] et leur réintégration à la société civile comme éléments d'interprétation de la réconciliati". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030169.
Testo completoThis investigation analyzes the participation of women in Peruvian armed conflict between 1980 and 2000 as well as their reintegration to civil life. The gender perspective exceeds political and ideological divisions of actors who got confronted during conflict. It helps to show a new approach of armed violence phenomenon as well as topics of conflict resolution. This work demonstrates how the difficult reintegration of female ex combatants to civil society comes with a gender violence which can be interpreted as an extension of armed violence as well as a reflect of the power institutionalized in Peruvian society. This investigation leans on a long field work most of it realized in maximum security prison in Lima. It emphasizes the evolution of interdependence between private and public spheres, which control is identified as a stake for the renormalization of social gender relationships after an armed conflict