Bibliografie tematiche / Intake

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Intake"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 4 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Intake"

1

Tordoff, M. G., R. L. Hughes e D. M. Pilchak. "Independence of salt intake from the hormones regulating calcium homeostasis". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, n. 3 (1 marzo 1993): R500—R512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.3.r500.

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Abstract (sommario):
Rats deprived of dietary calcium increase voluntary intake of NaCl solutions. We investigated whether the major hormones controlling calcium homeostasis are responsible for this increase in salt intake. Removing endogenous sources of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone by thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy had no effect on NaCl intake. The surgically compromised rats and their intact controls drank similar amounts of NaCl in response to manipulations of diet calcium content. Despite normal NaCl intakes, rats with parathyroidectomy had low plasma calcium concentrations and a strong appetite for 50 mM CaCl2 solution. Chronic infusion of parathyroid hormone into rats with thyroparathyroidectomy decreased NaCl intake. Intact rats fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76A-based vitamin D-deficient diet increased NaCl intake slightly and showed a strong appetite for CaCl2, but other rats maintained normocalcemic by the addition of calcium, phosphorus, and lactose to the vitamin D-deficient diet had normal NaCl and CaCl2 intakes. Chronic infusions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 into intact rats had no effect on NaCl intake. Taken together, these results indicate that the increase in NaCl intake produced by calcium deprivation is not mediated by changes in circulating levels of calcium, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Furthermore, the major calcium-regulating hormones are not involved in the control of "spontaneous" NaCl intake in the rat.
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2

Patel, Prerna, M. Zulf Mughal, Pinal Patel, Bhrugu Yagnik, Neha Kajale, Rubina Mandlik, Vaman Khadilkar et al. "Dietary calcium intake influences the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration". Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, n. 4 (10 settembre 2015): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308985.

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Abstract (sommario):
ObjectivesTo investigate whether dietary calcium intake will modify the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) with intact serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in apparently healthy Indian adolescents.Study designCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsApparently healthy adolescents aged 10–14 years (n=181), from Gujarat, western India. Study conducted from January 2012 to March 2014.MethodsSerum 25OHD concentrations and intact serum PTH concentrations (both using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay) were measured. Diet was recorded through 24 h diet recall and calcium intake was computed (C-diet V.2.1). To assess relationship between 25OHD and PTH, data were dichotomised according to median calcium intakes (520 mg/day) and relationship between serum 25OHD and PTH in the two subgroups was plotted.ResultsSubjects with calcium intakes above median (>520 mg/day) had lower intact serum PTH values for given serum 25OHD concentration while those with calcium intakes below median (<520 mg/day) had higher intact serum PTH values for given serum 25OHD concentration. Serum 25OHD concentration was negatively correlated with intact serum PTH concentration at lower as well as higher calcium intakes (r=− 0.606 and −0.483, respectively, p<0.01 for both). Using a regression analysis, predicted values for intact serum PTH concentration for the given serum 25OHD concentrations were plotted. The plot revealed a negative shift with increasing calcium intake.ConclusionsDietary calcium intake modifies the relationship between serum 25OHD concentrations and intact serum PTH concentrations. Thus, dietary calcium intake should be taken into account when assessing an individual's vitamin D status.
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Utomo, Muhammad Adnan, e Romie Oktavianus Bura. "Design of Inward-Turning External Compression Supersonic Inlet for Supersonic Transport Aircraft". INSIST 2, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ins.v2i2.90.

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Abstract (sommario):
Inward-turning external compression intake is one of the hybrid intakes that employs both external and internal compression intakes principle. This intake is commonly developed for hypersonic flight due to its efficiency and utilizing fewer shockwaves that generate heat. Since this intake employ less shockwaves, this design can be applied for low supersonic (Mach 1.4 - 2.5) intakes to reduce noise generated from the shockwaves while maintaining the efficiency. Other than developing the design method, a tool is written in MATLAB language to generate the intake shape automatically based on the desired design requirement. To investigate the intake design tool code and the performance of the generated intake shape, some CFD simulation were performed. The intake design tool code can be validated by comparing the shockwave location and the air properties in every intake's stations. The performance parameters that being observed are the intake efficiency, flow distortion level at the engine face, and the noise level generated by the shockwaves. The design tool written in MATLAB is working as intended. Two dimensional axisymmetric CFD simulations validation has been done and the design meets the minimum requirement. As for the 3D inlet geometry, with a little modification on diffuser and equipping vent to release the buildup pressure, the inlet has been successfully met the military standard on inlet performance (MIL-E-5007D). This design method also has feature to fit every possible throat cross sectional shapes and has been proven to work as designed.Keywords— Inward-turning, Supersonic, Engine Intakes, Low- noise, Design Method
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4

Ericson, U., E. Wirfält, I. Mattisson, B. Gullberg e K. Skog. "Dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in relation to socio-economic, lifestyle and other dietary factors: estimates in a Swedish population". Public Health Nutrition 10, n. 6 (giugno 2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007352518.

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AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the dietary intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), to examine the intakes in relation to socio-economics, lifestyle and other dietary factors and to compare the classification of subjects by intake of HCA versus intake of meat and fish.DesignCross-sectional analysis within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Data were obtained from a modified diet history, a structured questionnaire on socio-economics and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements and chemical analysis of HCAs. HCA intake was cross-classified against meat and fish intake. The likelihood of being a high consumer of HCAs was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Dietary intakes were examined across quintiles of HCA intake using analysis of variance.SettingBaseline examinations conducted in 1991–1994 in Malmö, Sweden.SubjectsA sub-sample of 8599 women and 6575 men of the MDC cohort.ResultsThe mean daily HCA intake was 583 ng for women and 821 ng for men. Subjects were ranked differently with respect to HCA intake compared with intake of fried and baked meat and fish (κ = 0.13). High HCA intake was significantly associated with lower age, overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Intakes of dietary fibre, fruits and fermented milk products were negatively associated with HCA intake, while intakes of selenium, vegetables, potatoes, alcohol (among men) and non-milk-based margarines (among women) were positively associated with HCA intake.ConclusionsThe estimated daily HCA intake of 690 ng is similar to values obtained elsewhere. The present study suggests that lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intakes, and types of milk products and margarines) may confound associations between HCA intake and disease. The poor correlation between HCA intake and intakes of fried meat and fish facilitates an isolation of the health effects of HCAs.
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Chen, Junshi, e Junquan Gao. "The Chinese Total Diet Study in 1990. Part II. Nutrients". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, n. 6 (1 novembre 1993): 1206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1206.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper reports the intakes of 72 nutrients and their dietary sources obtained from the Chinese total diet study in 1990. Most of the nutrient intakes are close or equal to their corresponding recommended daily allowances (RDAs). Both the total energy intake (2203 kcal) and the proportions contributed by protein, fat, and carbohydrate meet the current Chinese RDAs and the World Health Organization (WHO) nutrient goals. The average protein intake was 64 g/day. The intake of essential amino acids all exceeded the Chinese RDA, and their proportions were generally consistent with the WHO recommended pattern. The average fat intake was 51.2 g/day (21.2% of the total energy intake). However, the dietary fat intake has been increasing significantly in the Chinese diet and the proportion of animal fat has reached 53% of the total fat intake. The total saturated:total monounsaturated:total polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio was 1.0:1.5:1.0. Although the average cholesterol intake was only 179 mg/day, it was 248 mg/day in the South 1 region. The intakes of thiamine and riboflavin were below the RDA. Retinol intakes in all the 4 regions were low. Most (80%) of the retinol (equivalent) intakes were from carotenoids. The average intake of total tocopherol was 89% of the RDA, and among the 4 regions, only the South 2 region has relatively low intake. The intakes of iron, copper, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus were adequate. The intakes of calcium, zinc, and potassium were insufficient, and intakes of selenium and magnesium were a little low. High sodium and low potassium intake is a traditional problem in the Chinese diet.
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6

de Castro, John M. "When, how much and what foods are eaten are related to total daily food intake". British Journal of Nutrition 102, n. 8 (4 agosto 2009): 1228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509371640.

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Abstract (sommario):
Intake in the morning is associated with a reduction in the total intake for the day, while intake at night is associated with greater overall daily intake. These associations are macronutrient specific, with morning carbohydrate intake associated with reduced daily carbohydrate intake, morning fat intake associated with reduced daily fat intake and morning protein intake associated with reduced daily protein intake. Since different types of foods contain differing proportions of macronutrients, the present study investigated the associations of different types of foods ingested at various times of day with total daily and macronutrient intakes. The intakes of 388 male and 621 female free-living individuals reported in 7 d diet diaries were reanalysed. The intakes of twenty-four different types of foods and seven different drinks occurring during the morning (04.00–10.29 hours), afternoon (10.30–16.59 hours) and evening (17.00–02.00 hours) were identified and related to overall daily intakes. Dairy foods, ice cream, beef, other meats, potatoes, pastry, nuts, chips and snacks, condiments, alcohol and soda were significantly associated with higher total intake over the day, while fruit, soup, breakfast cereal, pasta, pizza, water, coffee/tea and diet soda were either not associated or were associated with lower overall intake. Dietary energy density appeared to mediate the associations between particular foods and beverages and overall energy intake. This suggests that eating low-density foods in the morning and avoiding high-density foods at night might aid in reducing overall intake and may be useful in dietary interventions for overweight and obesity.
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7

Piernas, Carmen, Donna R. Miles, Denise M. Deming, Kathleen C. Reidy e Barry M. Popkin. "Estimating usual intakes mainly affects the micronutrient distribution among infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey". Public Health Nutrition 19, n. 6 (18 agosto 2015): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002311.

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Abstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectiveTo compare estimates from one day with usual intake estimates to evaluate how the adjustment for within-person variability affected nutrient intake and adequacy in Mexican children.DesignIn order to obtain usual nutrient intakes, the National Cancer Institute’s method was used to correct the first 24 h dietary recall collected in the entire sample (n 2045) with a second 24 h recall collected in a sub-sample (n 178). We computed estimates of one-day and usual intakes of total energy, fat, Fe, Zn and Na.Setting2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.SubjectsA total of 2045 children were included: 0–5·9 months old (n 182), 6–11·9 months old (n 228), 12–23·9 months old (n 537) and 24–47·9 months old (n 1098). From these, 178 provided an additional dietary recall.ResultsAlthough we found small or no differences in energy intake (kJ/d and kcal/d) between one-day v. usual intake means, the prevalence of inadequate and excessive energy intake decreased somewhat when using measures of usual intake relative to one day. Mean fat intake (g/d) was not different between one-day and usual intake among children >6 months old, but the prevalence of inadequate and excessive fat intake was overestimated among toddlers and pre-schoolers when using one-day intake (P<0·05). Compared with usual intake, estimates from one day yielded overestimated prevalences of inadequate micronutrient intakes but underestimated prevalences of excessive intakes among children aged >6 months.ConclusionsThere was overall low variability in energy and fat intakes but higher for micronutrients. Because the usual intake distributions are narrower, the prevalence of inadequate/excessive intakes may be biased when estimating nutrient adequacy if one day of data is used.
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Rennie, Kirsten L., e M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Associations between dietary added sugar intake and micronutrient intake: a systematic review". British Journal of Nutrition 97, n. 5 (maggio 2007): 832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507617206.

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Abstract (sommario):
There is increasing concern that high intakes of added sugars might compromise intakes of micronutrients. The objectives of this systematic review were (1) to determine whether dietary added sugar intake was associated with micronutrient intakes, and if so, whether there was evidence of micronutrient dilution as a result of higher dietary added sugar intake and (2) if micronutrient dilution was present, to determine whether there was sufficiently robust evidence to support a threshold effect above which there was a significant decline in micronutrient intake or status relative to the recommended intakes. A systematic computerised literature search was undertaken, limited to studies written in English published from 1980 onwards and further studies identified through hand searching papers. Fifteen studies that assessed associations between intakes of added sugars or non-milk extrinsic sugars and micronutrients were included. Overall, there are insufficient data and inconsistency between studies in relationships between added sugars and micronutrient intakes, with no clear evidence of micronutrient dilution or a threshold for a quantitative amount of added sugar intake for any of the micronutrients investigated. The current evidence base is considerably constrained by methodological issues. Further research is required to determine which food products high in added sugars might adversely affect micronutrient intakes by displacing other food items from the diet. Analyses should take into account the magnitude of any observed associations to determine their true biological significance.
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Sales, Cristiane H., Mariane de M. Fontanelli, Diva A. S. Vieira, Dirce M. Marchioni e Regina M. Fisberg. "Inadequate dietary intake of minerals: prevalence and association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors". British Journal of Nutrition 117, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2017): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004633.

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AbstractThis cross-sectional, population-based study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dietary mineral inadequacies among residents in urban areas of Sao Paulo, to identify foods contributing to mineral intake and to verify possible associations between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and mineral intake. Data were obtained from the 2008 Health Survey of Sao Paulo (n 1511; mean age 43·6 (sd 23·2), range 14–97 years). Dietary intake of minerals was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls. Socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected. The prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated according to Dietary Reference Intakes methods. Associations between mineral intake and baseline factors were determined using multiple linear regression. Na, Ca and Mg showed the highest dietary inadequacies. Some age/sex groups had lower intakes of P, Zn, Cu and Se. Rice, beans and bread were the main foods contributing towards mineral intake. Female sex was negatively associated with K, Na, P, Mg, Zn and Mn intakes. All age groups were positively associated with the intakes of K, P, Mg and Mn. Family income above one minimum wage was positively associated with Se intake. Living in a household whose head completed ≥10 years of education was positively associated with Ca and negatively associated with Na intake. Former smoker status was negatively associated with Ca intake. Current smoker status was inversely associated with K, Ca, P and Cu intakes. Sufficient physical activity was positively associated with K, Ca and Mg intakes. Overall, the intakes of all major minerals were inadequate and were influenced by socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.
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Muniz, Vanessa Messias, Débora Silva Cavalcanti, Nayalla Morais de Lima e Mônica Maria Osório. "Food consumption of sugarcane workers' families in the Brazilian Northeast". Revista de Nutrição 28, n. 2 (aprile 2015): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000200006.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the food intake of sugarcane workers' family members. METHODS: The food intake of 159 family members of sugarcane workers from Gameleira, Pernambuco, Brazilian Northeast, was investigated by directly weighing the foods on three non-consecutive days. The percent risk of inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes was analyzed according to the Reference Dietary Intakes. The macronutrients were analyzed in relation to acceptable distribution intervals. The energy consumed from the various food groups was expressed as a ratio of the total energy intake. RESULTS: The median intake of carbohydrates and proteins remained above the Estimated Average Requirement, and all age groups presented a low risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes. The median intakes of riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and iron remained above the Estimated Average Requirement for all age groups, but children aged 1-3 years presented a high percent risk of inadequate iron intake. All age groups presented high percent risk of inadequate zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intakes. Grains and derivatives had a greater participation in the total energy intake, especially in men aged 19-30 years. The group "milk and dairy products" had a greater participation in the diet of children aged 1-3 years. CONCLUSION: The low percent risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes in all age groups was opposed to the high risk of inadequate mineral and vitamin intakes, making the population vulnerable to nutritional disorders caused by excess macronutrient intake and inadequate micronutrient intake.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Intake"

1

Mackinnon, Lorna Jay. "Biomarkers of isoflavone intake : validity at high intakes /". St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/222.

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2

Montfort-Steiger, Veronica. "Carbohydrate intake in adolescent cyclists : habitual intake, endurance performance and gastric emptying". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418779.

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3

Corney, Robert A. "Energy intake and appetite responses following manipulation of fluid balance and intake". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/26876.

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Abstract (sommario):
Fluid intake and regulation are implicated in the control of energy balance and appetite. The studies in this thesis have examined the effects of fluid manipulation on appetite and energy intake. Fifty-eight young, predominantly Caucasian males were recruited to five studies. The age, height and body mass of the subjects were: 24.9 ± 3.8 y, 1.79 ± 0.1 m, 80.1 ± 14.8 kg (mean ± SD) respectively. In Chapter 3, 13 h of hypohydration after exercise in the heat did not influence energy intake at an ad-libitum buffet meal (P=0.436) compared to a euhydrated trial, although greater thirst (P < 0.001) and lower fullness (P < 0.01) was reported in the hypohydration trial. Chapter 4 demonstrated that there was no difference in energy intake or appetite after 24 h of hypohydration either with or without fluid during a semi-solid ad-libitum breakfast. Thirst and fluid intake were greater during the hypohydrated with fluid (HYPO-F; 618 (251) mL) than the euhydrated with fluid (EU-F; 400 (247) mL) trials (P < 0.01). Chapter 5 and 6 showed that a bolus of water (500 mL) immediately before an ad-libitum porridge breakfast reduced energy intake in both healthy and overweight and obese subjects (P < 0.001). The water preload increased fullness and decreased hunger compared to pre-trial in both studies (P < 0.001). In Chapter 7, 75 minutes before an ad-libitum lunch a post-exercise milk (MILK) based drink reduced energy intake (6746 (2035) kJ) compared to an isoenergetic flavoured carbohydrate (CHO) and water based drink (7762 (1921) kJ; 7672 (2005) kJ) (P < 0.05). This thesis has shown that when subjects are hypohydrated, either after exercise or after 24 h of fluid restriction energy intake is not different at an ad-libitum meal. However, there is an increased thirst and subsequent fluid intake before an ad-libitum meal (chapter 3 and 4). This effect was more acutely displayed when a bolus of water was provided immediately before an ad-libitum breakfast meal and subsequently decreased energy intake in both normal and overweight/ obese subjects (chapter 5 and 6). The possible mechanism for this was gastric fill and distension creating satiety before a meal. Chapter 7 has showed that when subjects consume isoenergetic drinks with different energy densities (milk vs CHO and water), before an ad-libitum lunch, energy intake was decreased when milk was consumed. Milk having an increased energy density due to larger protein fractions (casein) may further explain the decrease in energy intake found in chapters 5 and 6 by a similar mechanism. Therefore, gastric fill before a meal decreases ad-libitum energy intake by either the intake of water immediately before a meal or by milk as a more delayed response (75 min). The hydration status however, did not affect energy intake directly in our finding, although it did affect subsequent fluid ingestion, which may have affected findings in chapters 3 and 4.
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4

Harry, Ethan. "Determinants of Caloric Intake". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/485.

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Abstract (sommario):
In the summer of 2003, David Cutler, Edward Glaeser, and Jesse Shapiro published the paper, “Why Have Americans Become More Obese?”1 In the paper, the authors explore changing trends in American weight and caloric intake over time and hypothesize as to the potential causes of these changes. In performing our tests, we hope to both replicate their results and update any analysis for the present.
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Murphy, John. "Intake Ground Vortex Aerodynamics". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3515.

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Abstract (sommario):
When an aircraft is operating in static or near static conditions during taxiing or take-o a vortex can form between the ground and the intake. With engine diameters increasing, intakes are moving non-dimensionally closer to the ground and as a consequence the likelihood of vortex formation during the aircraft operating envelope is set to increase. To date there is little quantitative knowledge therefore a greater understanding is required. This research is aimed at providing an extensive quantitative parametric study of vortex formation leading to advanced design rules for future engines. A 1/30 th scale generic model intake was operated in the Cranfield University 8 ′ × 6 ′ wind tunnel to examine ground vortex formation under quiescent, headwind and crosswind conditions. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry and total pressure measurements have been extensively taken to assess the external and internal flowfields. For the first time experiments with a rolling ground plane have been performed to provide insight into the formation and characteristics of ground vortices during take-o . As the velocity ratio reduces a characteristic trend is established whereby the vortex is initially weak, increases in strength to a local maximum and reduces to zero thereafter. The operating points that generate the strongest vortex for a given configuration have been determined and an empirical model has been developed which can predict the vortex strength and fan face distortion for any configuration. Under headwind conditions a new vortex formation criterion has been established which also includes contours of vortex circulation. An a priori prediction of the vortex strength under headwind conditions has also been developed which considers the approaching and intake induced vorticity sources, the latter of which is determined empirically. Good agreement is found between the model and the experimental dataset. The rolling ground plane experiments demonstrate significant sensitivities illustrating that the correct conditions must be simulated properly.
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Ho, S. S. H. "Subsonic intake duct flows". Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2213/.

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Abstract (sommario):
Here both S-shaped and singly curved (here classified as S-shaped) duct diffusers for intakes in aeronautical propulsion systems are studied. The results are applicable in other situations where similar ducts occur; for example on V/STOL aircraft employing re-direction of thrust, intercomponent ducting in high bypass ratio engines, etc. An open circuit static test rig, capable of mass flow rates of 5 kg/s, and three-dimensional instrumentation were established. Flow measurements were made in S-shaped intake duct diffusers for rear mounted gas turbine engines in both aircraft and air-breathing missiles. These designs are intended for ventral type inlet installation. These ducts possess cross-sectional shape transitions, from oblate to circular, with area increase and annular ducts at the engine face. The work was aimed at both fundamental understanding of the flows and at establishing test data for the prediction methods. Tests were performed at throat Mach numbers of nominally 0.15 and 0.6 and in the unit Reynolds number range of 3x10_6/m - 2x10_7/m for three different ducts each having different upstream bends but common downstream bends. Detailed boundary layer surveys were made to establish plane of symmetry growth of the viscous region and the extent of three-dimensionality away from the plane of symmetry. Data are presented in the form of velocity profiles, streamwise and cross-flow, integral thicknesses and surface pressure fields. Engine face distortion is assessed from full outlet flow surveys. Flow visualization was recorded using surface oil flow techniques. Evidence is presented of a trend towards three-dimensional separation as the upstream bend increases in severity. For the most extreme case large regions of complex three-dimensional separated flow occur and topological analysis of the recorded surface oil flow pattern allows reconstruction of the separating flow. Clear correlations are established between flow visualization results and flow measurements yielding better understanding. Finally, results were compared with a three-dimensional compressible prediction method.
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7

Alhilal, Maryam. "Biomarkers of fat intake". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biomarkers-of-fat-intake(32ce2b69-77d6-4cc8-93d7-2d9c38b6f9d4).html.

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The thesis reviews the previous use of biomarkers of fatty acid intake and concludes that there is a lack of supporting evidence from large randomized controlled trials (RCT) of sufficient duration for their use to be justified. The hypothesis that fatty acid biomarkers are robust indices of the intake certain fatty acids was tested by the analysis of blood samples from three large and long-term RCTs where dietary intake had been well controlled and compared with a control treatment. Erythrocyte lipid fatty acid composition was unable to detect changes in saturated fatty acid (SFA) or oleic acid intake. Plasma total lipids and phospholipids SFA were also poor indicators of SFA intake. The intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) could be predicted from the proportions in plasma and erythrocytes. Principal components analysis appeared to be a valid data reduction technique to measure changes in fatty acid patterns. A co-twin study design conducted in 570 female participants enrolled in the St Thomas‟ Twins Study investigated the heritability of fatty acid biomarkers (adipose tissue and plasma). For most fatty acids, environmental factors (dietary intake) were dominant, but in the case of arachidonic acid, 65% of the variance was explained by additive genetic factors. Investigations subsequently explored the effects of variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes on the fatty acid composition of the biomarkers. Polymorphism in FADS1 rs174537 explained some of this variation. Carriage of the minor allele of rs174537 SNP also influenced the proportions of n-6 LC-PUFA in an RCT. Further research is suggested to identify what appeared to be a FADS1/FADS2 haplotype predicting lower levels of LC-PUFA, which might be of public health significance. In conclusion, plasma fatty acid composition can be recommended to elucidate the potential relationships between polyunsaturated, trans-unsaturated and branched chain fatty acid intake and non-communicable diseases.
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8

Knight, Colt Watson. "Intake, Reproductive, and Grazing Activity Characteristics of Range Cattle on Semi-arid Rangelands". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612879.

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ABSTRACT: Study One - Our objective was to characterize mature range cows based on intake and grazing activity. Starting in the early spring of 2013, 4 experiments were conducted. First, mature range cows (n = 137) were fitted with radio frequency identification tags (RFID) and placed in a dry-lot pen equipped with GrowSafe® technology to monitor DMI of alfalfa hay. These data were then used to assign cows a residual feed intake (RFI) value utilizing the National Research Council (NRC) (1996) model to predict intake of beef cattle. Cattle with negative and positive RFI were characterized as low-intake and high-intake, respectively. In addition, the following data were also recorded: weight (kg), age (mo), days pregnant (d), and body condition score (BCS). Second, 30 mature range cattle were selected from the first trial and fitted with pedometers for 7 d to monitor activity with step counts and estimate distance traveled. Third, mature range cows (n = 25) selected from the first trial were fitted with global position system (GPS) collars, and placed on pinyon-juniper rangeland from 20 June 2014 to 17 September 2014. Forth, mature range cows (n = 28) were fitted with GPS collars, and placed on ponderosa pine rangeland from 17 September 2014 to 15 October 2014. Distance traveled, slope, distance from water, elevation data were collected from both GPS trials. Low-intake and high-intake cows consumed 9.3 and 12.2 kg/d, respectively (P < 0.0001). Low-intake cattle became pregnant sooner (P = 0.002) than high-intake cattle (average of 16 d sooner). Cattle age (mo) equaled 90 and 98 for low- and high-intake cows, respectively (P = 0.04). Weight, predicted DMI, and BCS did not differ between groups (P > 0.06). Step counts for low- and high-intake animals were 5839 and 5383 ± 2089, respectively (P = 0.61), and estimated distance traveled was 4.31 and 5.35 ± 1.66 km d⁻¹ for low- and high-intake animals, respectively (P = 0.77). Low-intake cows (6.23 km d⁻¹) traveled farther (P = 0.005) each day than high-intake cows (5.84 km d⁻¹) on pinyon-juniper rangelands, and high-intake cows utilized (P = 0.013) steeper slopes. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.06) for distance traveled, distance from water, and elevation for cows grazing ponderosa pine rangeland). However, low-intake cattle preferred (P = 0.046) steeper slopes on ponderosa pine rangeland than high-intake cattle. These results indicate that low-intake animals may travel farther on some rangelands and rebreed earlier. Study Two - Commercial grade heifers (n = 173) born and raised on the University of Arizona's V bar V Ranch from 2012 to 2014 were fitted with radio frequency identification tags (RFID) and placed in a drylot equipped with Growsafe® technology (8 bunks) for 60 d in 3 groups based on birth year in order to calculate DMI, residual feed intake (RFI), ADG, G:F, and residual gain (RG). Birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, age at start of trial, initial trial weight, and final trial weights were also recorded. Residual feed intake scores were utilized to place heifers in one of three treatment groups, low-, medium-, and high-intake. Reproductive and calf data were collected on heifers born in 2012. Means for birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, initial weight, final weight, and ADG did not differ among the three treatments. Residual gain for low-, medium-, and high-intake heifers were different (P < 0.05) at 0.07, 0.00, and -0.07 kg d⁻¹, respectively. Low-intake cattle had an improved (P < 0.05) GF ratio of 0.19 when compared to the medium- and high-intake heifers with ratios of 0.15 and 0.13 (P > 0.05), respectively. Differences (P <0. 05) in DMI were detected with low-, medium, and high-intake heifers consuming 5.2, 6.2, and 7.5 kg d⁻¹, respectively. No differences were detected for pregnancy rate, calving rate, percent bred artificial insemination (AI), percent bull calves, calf birth weight, and calf birth date among treatments (P > 0.05).Study Three - Commercially available GPS tracking collars for cattle are cost prohibitive to most researchers. This paper will present a low-cost alternative to those collars (Knight GPS tracking collars), and provide detailed instructions on where to source materials and how to fabricate inexpensive GPS tracking collars. In addition, the two types of collars will be compared in a study where Brangus cattle (n = 8) were each fitted with LOTEK® 3300 and Knight GPS tracking collars for 31 d beginning 14 March 2015 at the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) 37 km north of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Location, slope, distance from water, distance traveled and elevation were recorded every 10 min. A record of GPS fix rate was logged. No differences were detected (P≥0.369) between collar types for location, slope, or distance from water. However, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for Knight collars to report a lower estimate for distance traveled at 6171 m d⁻¹ compared to Lotek collars at 7104 m d⁻¹. Fix rate was greater (P≤0.001) for Lotek collars compared to Knight collars at 99.9 and 66.2%, respectively. Study Four - Previously characterized commercial cows (n = 26) were placed into either high (positive RFI) or low intake (negative RFI) groups. On 14 May 2015, 13 high- and 13 low-intake cows were fitted with modified igotU GT-120® GPS logging collars. Cattle were then placed on rangeland for 120 d. The first 30 d period animals transitioned from desert shrubland to pinyon-juniper. From 31 to 60 d, animals grazed pinyon-juniper rangeland. Next, during days 61 to 90, animals transitioned from pinyon-juniper to ponderosa pine, and the last 30 d were spent in ponderosa pine. Time periods will be referred to as month 1, 2, 3, and 4 for days 0 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90, and 91 to 120, respectively. Location, slope, distance from water, elevation, and time spent close to water were recorded every 10 min. No differences were observed in the utilization of elevation or distance traveled, or distance from water (P>0.05). Low intake animals used a higher maximum slope (P < 0.05) during month 3, but slope utilization differences were not detected for other portions of the trial (P > 0.05). Study Five - Hereford sires (n = 35) with 7 or more cow offspring on the University of Arizona V bar V ranch in Rimrock, Arizona were tested at Neogen laboratories in Lincoln, NE for an Igenity Gold genetic profile. Their residual feed intake (RFI), ADG, tenderness, marbling score, milk production percent choice, yield grade, fat thickness, ribeye area, heifer pregnancy rate, stayability, maternal calving ease, birthweight and docility were estimated. Sires were given a genetic RFI score based on their RFI profile and placed into one of three intake groups, low (< 0.5 SD), medium (± 0.5 SD) and high (> 0.5 SD). Performance traits of cow offspring (n = 839) from those sires were also compared based on their sire's intake group. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected among sire intake groups for ADG, tenderness, marbling score, percent choice, yield grade, fat thickness, ribeye area, heifer pregnancy rate, stayability, maternal calving ease, birthweight and docility. Residual feed intake differed among groups (P < 0.05), and high intake cattle had more estimated milk production compared to low intake animals (P < 0.05). Cows from low intake sires were born later in the year (P < 0.05). High intake cattle had a higher (P < 0.05) birthweight and survived longer (P < 0.05) in the herd when compared to low and medium intake cows. Genetic RFI and expected milk production were moderately to highly correlated.
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Agard, Laura. "Adolescent Girls:Calcium Intake and Sources". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/PDF/AgardL2002.pdf.

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Ammar, Ahmed A. "Intake inhibition by neuropeptide Y /". Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-308-6/.

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Libri sul tema "Intake"

1

J, Seddon, e Goldsmith E. L, a cura di. Intake aerodynamics. 2a ed. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999.

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Seddon, J. Intake aerodynamics. 2a ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1999.

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Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless., a cura di. Volunteer intake guide. Washington, D.C. (1800 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington 20036): Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless, 1993.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.), a cura di. Optimal calcium intake. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director, 1994.

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Harris, Ruth B. S., a cura di. Appetite and Food Intake. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Previous edition:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120171.

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Houlihan, Dominic, Thierry Boujard e Malcolm Jobling, a cura di. Food Intake in Fish. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470999516.

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Dominic, Houlihan, Boujard T e Jobling Malcolm, a cura di. Food intake in fish. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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John, Baechtel, a cura di. Carburetors and intake manifolds. North Branch, MN: Cartech, 1996.

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Ho, Sidney Shiu Hin. Subsonic intake duct flows. Salford: University of Salford, 1990.

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Ketschke, Barry A. Porous dike intake evaluation. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Intake"

1

Wieland, Jannelien, Erica Aldenkamp e Annemarie van den Brink. "Intake". In Behandeling van patiënten met een laag IQ in de GGZ, 21–33. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1658-8_3.

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Hentzepeter-van Ravensberg, Helga D. "Intake". In BekkenbodemFit Voorkómen en verminderen van bekken(bodem)klachten, 37–45. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7495-3_4.

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Rodríguez, Luis, e Teodoro Sánchez. "Intake". In Designing and Building Mini and Micro Hydro Power Schemes, 15–43. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440552.002.

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Ellenbroek, Bart, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Martina de Zwaan, Sarah Parylak, Pietro Cottone, Eric P. Zorrilla et al. "Energy Intake". In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 481. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3232.

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LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne et al. "Energy Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 698. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100563.

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Roehrig, Megan, Jennifer Duncan e Alyson Sularz. "Caloric Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 322–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1107.

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Doran, Kelly. "Salt, Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1941–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_141.

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Tiro, Jasmin, Simon J. Craddock Lee, Steven E. Lipshultz, Tracie L. Miller, James D. Wilkinson, Miriam A. Mestre, Barbara Resnick et al. "Nutrient Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1347. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_101170.

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Roehrig, Megan, Jennifer Duncan e Alyson Sularz. "Caloric Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 282–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1107.

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Flannery, Kelly. "Salt, Intake". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1705–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_141.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Intake"

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Gunn, E. J., T. Brandvik e M. J. Wilson. "Fan-Intake Coupling With Conventional and Short Intakes". In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58829.

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Abstract The current trend in civil engine fans towards lower pressure ratio and larger diameter is accompanied by a need to shorten the engine intake length to reduce weight and drag. This paper uses full-annulus, unsteady CFD simulations of two coupled fan-intake configurations to explain the impact of flow field coupling and intake length on fan and intake performance. On-design and off-design operating points are considered at cruise and high angle of attack, respectively. The fan efficiency at cruise is shown to be determined by a trade-off between two effects. Cruise efficiency is reduced by 0.11% with a short intake due to increased potential flow field distortion, which alters the incidence and diffusion of the rotor. This is partially offset by a reduction in casing boundary layer thickness due to lower intake wetted area. At high angle of attack conditions, a short intake leads to increased potential flow field distortion and an earlier onset of intake flow separation due to a higher adverse pressure gradient approaching the fan. Both effects combine to reduce the fan thrust at such conditions, although the fan is shown to remain stable at attack angles up to 35°. The reduction in performance is shown to be dominated by flow separations in the rotor, which increase in size and severity for a given attack angle as the intake length is decreased. The fan is also shown to have a stronger influence on the form of the intake flow field in a short intake, suggesting that it is necessary to model the fan in the intake design process for a successful design.
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Zhong, Frank, Patrick Keough, Kjellb Martel, Richard Delaloye, Curtis Goulet e Bryan Coates. "SAGD ESP Intake Design Improvement". In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204523-ms.

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Abstract One of the major challenges in SAGD Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) operation is produced water flashing to steam when flowing pressure loss is significant, such as at an ESP intake. "Bottom Feeder" style intakes are a standard SAGD ESP intake which has been applied in the SAGD industry for over a decade. However,it was identified in recent years at ConocoPhillips's (CPC) Surmont Oilsands operations that Bottom Feeder intakes can lead to steam flashing in pump at the right conditions. The flashed steam causes significant cavitation in pump, which in turn causes severe motor load chattering. Further to that, steam locking in the pump can occur, which is called a "no flow event" (NFE) in the SAGD industry. ConocoPhillips and Baker Hughes have been working together to optimize SAGD ESPs by utilizing an integral intake to minimize the pressure loss across the intake ports. This would also streamline the connection between intake and pump housing to minimize pressure loss at these intake flow paths. The improved design has been tested in Surmont successfully, and the integral intake has become an optional intake to be applied in the well cases where steam flashing has been known to cause operation interruptions or ESP damages. This paper will review the process undertaken by CPC and Baker Hughes to study the ESP performance with the bottom feeder intake in comparison to the ESP performance with an integral intake.Design and field data will be presented and reviewed to highlight the performance of each system.
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Kobayashi, Takashi, e Kunio Arase. "Intake System Optimization by Intake Loss Coefficient Method". In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3337.

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4

Na, Xue, Lin Hongtao, Liu Xinjian, Mao Yawei e Qiu Lin. "Impact of Switching Time Interval for Dual Intakes on Workers in Main Control Room During Accidents". In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67742.

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The main control room (MCR) ventilation system has been designed to maintain habitability of the control room envelope both under normal condition and accident condition. The system adopting dual air intakes adds one more air intake for accidents at suitable position. During accidents, the air intake with lower contamination will be selected and the other with higher contamination will be isolated, to reduce the amount of radioactive substances entering MCR extremely and enhance the habitability of MCR envelop. This paper is devoted to research on the impact of switching time interval (STI) for dual intakes on workers in main control room during accidents. As the contamination condition varies, the switching action will be happened. Switching time interval (STI) referred in this paper means the time between two switching actions. When accidents occur, the air intake will operate and switch between two intakes automatically. The action of switching will be influenced by several parameters: the meteorological conditions of the site, the response features of the monitoring instruments and the source term released to the environment after accidents. Analysis of these parameters and their sensitivity analysis are performed, which show that the ventilation system cannot afford too frequent switching actions resulted from instantaneous sudden changes of intake’s activity. That’s the reason why it is necessary to set a minimum STI which means the contamination of one intake have to be lower than the other intake and this dominant position should be kept longer than the minimum STI, if not, the switching action will not be happened. As it is essential to set a minimum STI to prevent frequent switching of system, the analysis of its impact on the atmospheric relative concentrations and the doses of the workers in main control room are performed on basis of specific site meteorological condition and the response characteristic of dose monitoring instruments. Three kinds of accident release conditions are considered, which are relief valve release, containment leakage and elevated funnel release. The atmospheric relative concentrations and the doses of the workers in MCR are evaluated for every case and compared with the dose limits. Finally an acceptable minimum STI of dual air intakes is recommended.
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Sachpazidis, Ilias, e Georgios Sakas. "Medication intake assessment". In the 1st ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1389586.1389603.

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Gauthier, Curtis, e Steve Friedman. "Seawater Intake Considerations". In Pipelines 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483190.039.

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Vahdati, Mehdi, Nigel Smith e Fanzhou Zhao. "Influence of Intake on Fan Blade Flutter". In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25859.

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The main aim of this paper is to study the influence of upstream reflections on flutter of a fan blade. To achieve this goal, flutter analysis of a complete fan assembly with an intake duct and the downstream OGVs (whole LP domain) is undertaken using a validated CFD model. The computed results show good correlation with measured data. Due to space constraints, only upstream (intake) reflections are analyzed in this paper. It will be shown that the correct prediction of flutter boundary for a fan blade requires modeling of the intake and different intakes would produce different flutter boundaries for the same fan blade. However, the ‘blade only’ and intake damping are independent and the total damping can be obtained from the sum of the two contributions. In order to gain further insight into the physics of the problem, the pressure waves created by blade vibration are split into an upstream and a downstream traveling wave in the intake. The splitting of the pressure wave allows one to establish a relationship between the phase and amplitude of the reflected waves and flutter stability of the blade. By using this approach, a simple reflection model can be used to model the intake effects.
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Soltani, M. R., M. Abedi e R. Askari. "Numerical Simulation of Mixed Compression Intake Buzz". In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71680.

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Numerical analysis has been conducted to simulate and capture Buzz phenomenon in a supersonic mixed compression air intake. Buzz is an unsteady self-sustained phenomenon occurred in supersonic intakes, especially when operating its subcritical condition, during which the system of compression and shock waves oscillate and move upstream and downstream along the intake. An axisymmetric and unsteady numerical simulation was used to solve Navier-Stokes equations in combination with URANS SST k-ω turbulence model The simulations were performed at M = 2.0 and at a specific subcritical point of the intake operation where buzz was detected experimentally. Results are compared with experimental pressure data. Buzz is captured numerically, and the results show that the buzz oscillation in this intake is periodic, during which the intake duct is loaded and unloaded. The results show that the large separation region on the compression ramp blocks the duct entry and causes the conical and lambda shocks located on the compression ramp to move upstream cause the self-sustained oscillation. The calculated buzz frequency is in agreement with the experimental one, and the difference is less than 0.2%. Further, the peak and trough of both total and static pressure fluctuations, and as a result, the amplitude of buzz are all accurately predicted.
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Carnevale, Mauro, Jeffrey S. Green e Luca Di Mare. "Numerical Studies Into Intake Flow for Fan Forcing Assessment". In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25772.

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Recent trends in design for civil intakes lead towards shorter diffuser sections, unorthodox installations and more loaded lips. All these features increase the risk of lip stall in flight at incidence or in cross wind and increase the level of forcing seen by the fan blades because of the interaction with non-uniform flow from the intake. In this study we analyze the behavior of prediction tools for intake distortion. In particular we compare the performance of popular turbulence models for standard intake flows and we discuss their behavior on the grounds of their behavior for elementary flows. We conclude our study by comparing forcing and distortion figures of merit from different models.
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Xu, Yang, Fushui Liu, Jingmin Rui, Yang Hua e Yikai Li. "Influence of Intake Valve Lift on Flow Capacity of Intake Port". In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0223.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Intake"

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Selnes, Trond, Jos van den Puttelaar, Muriel Verain, Ana Bela da Conceicao Fontinha, Irene Gosselink, Artem Khlebnikov, Johan de Vogel et al. Governance of Smart Food Intake : deliverable Smart Food Intake Work Package 7. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/561605.

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Walsh, Michael R., Donald E. Garfield, James S. Morse, Kurt V. Knuth e Nathan D. Mulherin. Icing of Turbine Intake Louvers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265714.

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Abdel-Fattah, A. M., e Y. Y. Link. Wind Tunnel Tests on Jindivik Air Intake Duct with and Without an Auxiliary Intake. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251676.

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Uchida, Keisuke, Takashi Suzuki, Yasufumi Oguri e Masatake Yoshida. Precise Measurement of Heat Transfer in the Engine Intake System Using Intake Port Model. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, settembre 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0548.

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Strom, Daniel J. Effect of Dietary Intake of Stable Iodine on Dose-per-unit-intake Factors for 99Tc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020970.

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Stephens, Melvin, e Desmond Toohey. Changes in Nutrient Intake at Retirement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24621.

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Cai, Weiguo, Huaiqing Wu e Jack C. M. Dekkers. Analysis of Body Weight and Feed Intake Curves in Selection Lines for Residual Feed Intake in Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-162.

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Dahlke, Garland, Daryl R. Strohbehn, Charles Ingle e Perry Beedle. A Feed Intake Monitoring System for Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-428.

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Berkner, Larry. Engine Intake Air Dust Detector. Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb159687.

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Dahlke, Garland R. Effect of Sampling Time on Feed Intake Data and Residual Feed Intake when Compared to Extended Sample Times. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1124.

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