Tesi sul tema "Instruments"
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1
Wang, Wenjie. "Improved Inference for Instrumental Variable Models with Many Instruments and Weak Instruments". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174868.
Testo completo
2
Siddiq, Musab. "Synthetic Instruments an overview : Synthetic Instruments". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-340.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
The rapid development within the field of measurement methods and techniques and software design that has taken place over the last years offers new possibilities for designers of measurement systems through the use of virtual instruments as building blocks. The concept of virtual instrumentation is developed within the interchangeable virtual instrument foundation. A closely related term is “synthetic instruments”, which is often used for essentially the same concept, but it is even more software oriented. Synthetic instruments as a research field are in an initial stage and a quick search on “Synthetic instruments” in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) explorer match close to 30 documents. IEEE explorer is a database that provides full-text access to IEEE transactions, journals, magazines and conference proceedings, and all current IEEE Standards.
This Master Thesis is a theoretical work extracted from study material, IEEE documents and web-resources referenced. The work gives the reader an overview of the Synthetic Instruments and their functionality with respect to hardware and software. The papers were analyzed based upon the various trends in the research, development and productizing phases.
For this approach; kernel architecture of an ideal synthetic instrument has been introduced as a prototype around which current technologies and applications can be addressed. The major areas of focus in the architecture are the data conversion and signal conditioning; the knowledge of its working under current implemented technologies has been highlighted and discussed in regards to the software and hardware trends. The defense industry holds the major influence.
The work was aimed towards giving a state-of-the art introduction to synthetic instrument technology; also in order to provide the work an introductory nature, only one hardware & software example has been discussed.
3
Morales, Murguía Hugo. "Hacking traditional instruments : approaches to sound-oriented instrumental composition". Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14561.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Technology plays a vital role in the creation of any form of art. In music this has been dominated by a stationary condition in which contemporary ‘academic music’ (new music created in institutions and descending from traditional European models) is in its majority still generated exclusively by a technology of more than a century ago. Additionally, the totality of sound as musical material is now commonly acknowledged, posing problems about the nature and efficiency of the already existing musical instruments and the development of new ones. The current situation in the creation of contemporary music offers a myriad of possibilities in which tools, controllers and instruments have an impact on the creation and conceptualization of music, giving rise to different aesthetic positions and creating new dilemmas in which present, past and future are in constant assessment. This thesis seeks to examine some of the concepts and ideas behind a number of my works in which instrumental sound exploration is essential for the development of the compositional process. As a result, a series of questions, systems and techniques are analyzed, investigating the relation between tools, technique, notation, composition and musical result. This text is intended as an illustration of my own choices and methods, hoping to offer an insight into my own compositional practice as a product of an exercise of self-analysis and rationalization of my current musical output.
4
Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso. "Instrumental variables estimation in the presence of weak instruments". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269521626.
Testo completo
5
Prado, Marco Aurélio Rodrigues do. "Influência da conicidade no comportamento mecânico de instrumentos de níquel-titânio". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=611.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da conicidade de instrumentos de níquel-titânio acionados a motor, na flexibilidade; na resistência a fratura por torção à direita e na resistência a fratura por flexão rotativa, analisando ainda por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura a superfície de fratura dos instrumentos ocorridas por torção e por flexão rotativa, bem como a configuração das hélices das hastes de corte helicoidais dos instrumentos junto ao ponto de fratura. Foram utilizados sessenta instrumentos fabricados em níquel-titânio acionados a motor da marca K3 (Sybron Dental Specialties-Kerr, México), valores nominais de 25mm de comprimento, e de 0,25mm de diâmetro em Do, nas conicidades de 0,02 0,04 e 0,06mm/mm. Dez instrumentos endodônticos de cada conicidade foram avaliados por meio do ensaio não destrutivo de flexão em cantilever e dez instrumentos endodônticos de cada conicidade foram avaliados por meio dos ensaios destrutivos de torção à direita e de flexão rotativa. Diante das metodologias empregadas, dos resultados obtidos e após a execução dos testes estatísticos: Análise de variância no nível de significância de 5%, e do teste de comparações múltiplas de Student-Newman-Keuls a 5%, podemos concluir que: A flexibilidade dos instrumentos ensaiados diminui com o aumento da conicidade da haste de corte helicoidal. O ângulo máximo de torção dos instrumentos ensaiados por torção diminui com o aumento da conicidade da haste de corte helicoidal. O torque máximo até a fratura dos instrumentos ensaiados por torção aumentou com o aumento da conicidade da haste de corte helicoidal. O número de ciclos para a fratura em flexão rotativa diminui com o aumento da conicidade e com o aumento da resistência em flexão (diminuição da flexibilidade) dos instrumentos endodônticos ensaiados. E quanto à análise por meio do microscópio eletrônico de varredura, independentemente, da conicidade e do tipo de carregamento, (torção ou flexão rotativa) aplicado ao instrumento endodôntico, podemos concluir que as amostras fraturadas apresentaram superfície de fratura com característica dúctil. No ensaio de torção, observou-se a reversão do sentido das hélices das hastes de corte helicoidais junto ao ponto de imobilização dos instrumentos. No ensaio de flexão rotativa não ocorreu reversão do sentido das hélices das hastes de corte helicoidais (deformação plástica visível) dos instrumentos fraturados.
This work has as purpose to evaluate the influence of motor driven nickel-titanium instruments tapering, in the flexibility, resistance to fracture by twisting to the right by rotating flexure, analyzing also by means of scanning electronic microscopy the instruments fracture surface arising by twisting and rotating flexure, as well as the configuration of helices of helical cutting rods of instruments near the fracture point. Sixty instrument made of nickel- -titanium and motor-driven of K3 brand were used (Sybron Dental Specialties-Kerr, Mexico), nominal value of 25mm long, and 0,25mm diameter in Do, in tapering of 0,02 0,04 and 0,06mm/mm. Ten endodontic instruments of each tapering were evaluated by means of the non destructive test of flexure in cantilever and ten endodontic instruments of each tapering were evaluated by means of destructive tests twisting to the right and rotating flexure. After the performance of statistic test,: variance analysis at significance level of 5%, and multiple comparison test from Student-Newman-Keuls to 5%, Taking into consideration the implemented methodology, the applied statistical techniques (e.g. variance analysis at significance level of .05 and multiple comparison test from Student-Newman-Keuls at significance level of .05), and the obtained results, it was demonstrated that the flexibility of the instruments tested decreases as the tapering of the helices of helical cutting rods increases. The maximum twisting angle of the instruments tested by twisting decreases as the tapering of the helices of helical cutting rods increases. The maximum torque up to the fracture of the tested instruments increased as the tapering of the helices of helical cutting rods increased. The number of cycles for the fracture in rotating flexure decreases as the tapering increase and the increase of the resistance in flexure (flexibility decrease) of the tested endodontic instruments increased. The analysis by scanning electronic microscopy revealed that, independently of the tapering and the rotating type (twisting or rotating flexure) applied to the endodontic instrument, the fractured samples presented fractured surface of ductile characteristics. A reversion of the helical cutting rods course was observed on the twisting test near the immobilization point. A reversion of the helical cutting rods course (visible plastic deformation) on the rotating flexure test of the fractured instruments was not observed.
6
Vawter, Noah (Noah Theodore). "Exertion instruments". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69801.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-173).
This dissertation describes the research, development and reasoning behind a family of musical instruments called Exertion Instruments. They use inline electrical generators to run a synthesizer and an amplifier while eliminating the need for batteries. Efficient acoustic design minimizes the power requirements while optimized generator and ergonomic design maximize power generation. As such, they combine the convenience of acoustic instruments with the flexibility of electronic instruments. Also, through new generator designs, nuances of player charging movements become as important to expression as the overall intensity of their playing. The player treats the generator like a typical physical resonator such as a string, using musical instrument playing gestures. Yet they manipulate audio electronically, enabling practices like sampling, synthesis and modulation. During development, a modular approach using amateur-friendly materials was taken to empower future instrument builders to customize and improve the instrument. In addition to technical criteria based on measurements, Exertion Instruments are evaluated through player and builder experiences in a series of technical workshops and realworld performances.
by Noah Vawter.
Ph.D.
7
Bowman, Peter. "Microtonality and the recorder 1961-2013 : repertoire, tone colour, and performance". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15736/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the development of the recorder's microtonal repertoire from 1961 through to 2013. The artistic impulses for the use of microtones are discussed and selected pieces studied and performed. An investigation is also undertaken into the relationship between pitch, dynamic, and tone colour. This leads to the development of a method for objectively identifying the changes in tone colour that result from using various microtonal fingerings. Very little substantial research has been undertaken into the recorder's contemporary repertoire, and even less so with regard to its engagement with microtones. The skills for producing the expressive effects of dynamic and tone colour, and thus microtones, were known in the early 16th century, lost, and then revived during the period of musical experimentation in post-war Europe. The application of this knowledge, however, has remained limited. This thesis addresses these shortcomings. Following consideration of intonation and interpretation in Chapter 2 a survey of writings analyzing changes in tone colour and dynamic, and the relationship between them, is undertaken in Chapter 3. These include a number of foreign language texts, whilst others appear in American journals, or conference papers not generally available to the British reader. They highlight the tendency for writers to discuss tone colour and dynamic in vague and subjective terms, and in relation to the performance of early music but rarely in the context of contemporary music. This strand of my inquiry is brought to fruition in Chapter 5, where research leading to the development of a method for identifying and quantifying changes in tone colour, through the application of different fingerings, is applied for the first time. The results of an investigation into the evolution of microtonal repertoire composed since the 1960s are recorded in Chapter 4. Different compositional approaches to both instrument and microtonality are reflected in my choice of seven pieces, plus my own composition, that are the subject of detailed study in Chapter 6. The analyses of the pieces discussed in this thesis, and the contexts in which they were composed, represent a significant step forward in the understanding of the instrument and the use of microtones in compositions of the period. My thesis concludes with a live performance in which a selection of microtonal pieces is presented. This serves as a demonstration and confirmation of the principles discussed in this thesis, drawing together the threads of my research, and applying the insights gained in the course of this study.
8
Mallard, Alexandre. "Les instruments dans la coordination de l'action : pratique technique, métrologie, instrument scientifique". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0601.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les instruments sous toutes leurs formes (instruments de mesure, dispositifs optiques, outils techniques usuels. . . ) participent à la définition et à la coordination des pratiques. L'objet de la thèse est de mettre en relation trois aspects associés à la coordination par les instruments : les pratiques d'utilisation, les formes d'action qui y sont associées et les réseaux technico-économiques dans lesquels ils circulent. L'interrogation se situe au croisement de plusieurs disciplines des sciences sociales : sociologie des sciences, sciences cognitives, pragmatique des régimes d'ajustement, psychologie, ethnologie des techniques, sociologie de l'innovation. La première partie de la thèse étudie différentes modalités de la coordination correspondant à des instruments de forme différente. Elle s'appuie sur une étude realisee dans le secteur de la réparation automobile, qui articule deux enquêtes complémentaires : une ethnographie des pratiques techniques au garage met en évidence les diverses formes de compétence impliquées dans l'utilisation des instrument (perception, rôle du corps dans l'action, cognition, compétences sociales, savoir-faire …). Une analyse des réseaux industriels de la réparation automobile montre que les instruments participent à la coordination technico-économique dans ces réseaux. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude des instruments de mesure. Elle montre que la métrologie constitue une modalité de coordination des pratiques d’évaluation et de contrôle. Deux terrains empiriques sont examinés : l'analyse extensive des dispositifs de métrologie légale et de normalisation d'un instrument de mesure de la pollution automobile, le suivi d'un instrument scientifique de mesure de la pollution atmosphérique, depuis sa conception dans un centre de recherche jusqu’à ses applications pratiques chez l'utilisateur final. Ce dernier cas comporte l'analyse des processus suivants : pratiques de construction et de mise au point, évaluation de prototype en laboratoire de métrologie, construction d'un réseau commercial permettant de diffuser l'appareil, inter-comparaison de plusieurs instruments mesurant les mêmes propriétés physiquesInstruments (measuring instruments, visualisation and optical devices, usual technical tools. . . ) play a role in the definition and coordination of practices. The aim of the PHD thesis is to relate three different aspects of the coordination through instruments : the practices involved in their use, the associated forms of action and the techno-economic networks of conception, distribution and use. This question is at the cross-road of different disciplines of the social sciences : sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), cognitive science, pragmatics of the regimes of adjustments, psychology, ethnology of technology, sociology of innovation. The first part of the thesis studies the various forms of coordination associated with different kind of instruments. The inquiry focuses on car repairing activity and combines two complementary approaches : an ethnographical approach of the technical practices in a garage investigates the various form of competences involved in the use of instruments (perception, bodily knowledge, cognition, social abilities, know how …), an analysis of the industrial networks of car repairing shows that instruments take part actively in the techno-economic coordination of these networks. The second part of the thesis is centered on measuring instruments. It shows that metrology is a modality of coordination of the practices of assessment and control. The inquiry bears on two fieldworks : the extensive analysis of the systems of legal metrology and standardisation of an instrument of car pollution measurement, the study of a scientific instrument of atmospheric pollution measurement, from its conception in a research center up to its final practical use. This study tackles the following stages : construction and settling of an instrument in a scientific laboratory, assessment of prototype in metrology laboratory, construction of a commercial network for the diffusion of the product, intercomparison of several similar instruments
9
Pietrowiak, Annett. "European payment instruments". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150371.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment costs to society. So far, the institutional environment, as potential important influence on the payment instrument mix, has not been focused on in the literature. Therefore, particular emphasis is laid on the empirical analysis of the impact of institutional factors on the share of card payments on consumer spending at the point of sale (POS). For this, a unique panel data set is constructed covering the eight most important European payment markets ranked by non-cash transaction volumes. The empirical results allow formulating conditions necessary to achieve a more efficient payment mix. They also form a basis for the assessment of related policy measures with a focus on the SEPA project in terms of their efficiency enhancing effect. Future research could possibly build upon the panel data collected.
10
Lee, Stephanie(Stephanie Suejeong), e Ellen Shakespear. "Instruments of service". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, (For Stephanie Lee and Ellen Shakespear), 2019Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, (For Ellen Shakespear), 2019
"Submitted to the Department of Architecture and the Department of Urban Studies and Planning In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Architecture For Stephanie Lee and Ellen Shakespear and the Master in City Planning For Ellen Shakespear." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 170-172).
Instruments of Service are defined by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) as "representations, in any medium of expression now known or later developed, of the tangible and intangible creative work performed by the Architect." This thesis argues that the current instruments of service do not provide the scaffolding necessary to realize the ethical obligations as defined by the AIA. As cities change, architecture's fundamental obligations, as defined by AIA code of ethics, are threatened. To remain ethical, this thesis argues that the instruments of service must expand. This thesis explores the gap between architecture's obligations and its instruments of service against the backdrop of one such changing city: Boston. We begin with an investigation of the Seaport, one of the most rapidly changing neighborhoods within the city. We use this site as an opportunity to understand how a variety of architects and planners have positioned themselves and how they offer their services to a project that champions a new future for the city of Boston. Against this backdrop, we propose a new method and attitude of practice. We tested this proposed practice for a period of nine months on the ground in Boston and Cambridge. Specifically, we converted four unused sites into artist and community space-our involvement spanning from site identification to policy recommendations to daily operations. This thesis documents parts of that practice. Overall, this thesis is a suggestion and a real world test of one way architects can operate as instrumental shapers of the future of their city.
by Stephanie Lee and Ellen Shakespear.
M. Arch.
M.C.P.
M.Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
11
Ramstein, Christophe. "Analyse, représentation et traitement du geste instrumental : application aux instruments à clavier". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le cadre de la conception et de la réalisation d'un outil informatique pour la création musicale, on s'intéresse au geste instrumental pour contrôler en temps réel des processus de synthèse sonore par simulation de mécanisme instrumentaux et pour étudier sa relation a la composition musicale. Pour décrire et classifier le geste instrumental, assimile a une séquence d'événements gestuels, capte et mémorise sous la forme de signaux échantillonnes, nous posons le probleme de la segmentation. En considérant le jeu instrumental sur clavier nous proposons des éléments de syntaxe gestuelle et en déduisons des critères pour la segmentation automatique. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la représentation graphique des événements gestuels segmentes et a leur composition et transformation. Nous définissons plusieurs niveaux de représentation et pour chacun d'eux, des procédures de traitement manuels ou pris en charge, tout ou en partie, par des modèles de composition. L'éditeur de geste, intégré dans le système de synthèse sonore cordis-anima, synthétise l'ensemble de ces possibilites
12
Dohse, Matthias. "Schnittstellen des landesplanerischen Instruments Regionalmanagement mit fachpolitischen und kommunalpolitischen Instrumenten und Handlungsansätzen". kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-augsburg/volltexte/2008/719/.
Testo completo
13
Ramstein, Christophe Cadoz Claude Jorrand Philippe. "Analyse, représentation et traitement du geste instrumental application aux instruments à clavier /". S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340367.
Testo completo
14
Barrie, Jenifer. "Next generation of atraumatic laparoscopic instruments through analysis of the instrument-tissue interface". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16210/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mechanically induced (or iatrogenic) bowel injury from the use of laparoscopic instruments can result in devastating effects on patient outcomes both during and after surgery. The aim of this work was to investigate exactly how colonic tissue behaves both mechanically and structurally when it is subjected to a mechanical load. Analysis of force application in laparoscopic surgery is critical to understanding the nature of the instrument-tissue interaction. The development of a novel method of both histological analysis and mechanical analysis (by which the tool-tissue interaction can be characterised) has evolved through this thesis. Mechanical and histological analysis was undertaken to quantify the instrument-tissue interaction in laparoscopic surgery. This was done in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments, using an indentation method and laparoscopic instrument respectively, in porcine tissue. Mechanical stress was applied to the colon by indentation applied using the Modular Universal Surface Tester (MUST) (FalexTM Tribology USA) in ex vivo experiments to mechanically characterise the response of tissue to mechanical loading. Histological analysis was performed to examine the architecture of the tissue after loading. In vivo analysis of colon grasping was then performed to characterise grasper damage both mechanically and histologically. A mechanical measure of energy input into the tissue has been linked to consistent histological damage, above a 50 N grasping force and a loading input of 300 N.s This work has successfully identified specific loading conditions that result in tissue injury and is the first to make a link between the mechanical analyses of tissue manipulation with change to the architecture of the tissue.
15
Echevarria, Troya Fernando. "Virtual instruments for photovoltaic measurements". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present work is an effort to put together knowledge from several disciplines to obtain as result simple and affordable instruments for photovoltaic measurements. It could not be considered a research in advanced topics but it is a preliminary work in virtual instrumentation with broad prospects and useful and immediate applications. However, the established foundations and the acquired experience allow their application in the measurement of physical and physical-chemical parameters in various fields of science and engineering. One of them is the challenge of applying virtual instruments to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. *
This work contains four Chapters, Conclusions and Recommendations. Several Annexes corresponding to each chapter are at the end of each chapter.
Chapter 1 introduces preliminary topics and basic definitions, the Electromagnetic Spectrum, the Planck’s Equation and Sunlight. Then summarizes the description of Light as Wave and Light as Photon. Annex 1 for Chapter 1 is a paper that procures conciliate this two descriptions using equations from electromagnetic theory and the basic equations of photons.
Chapter 2 introduces essential optical components and. procedures to design a simple spectrometer and monochromator. Useful electronic components, common light sensors and useful electronic stages for photovoltaic measurements are described. Finally, practical front end circuits used in this work are exposed.
Chapter 3 Is related with Data Acquisition and Control using Microcontrollers and Android Devices. Preliminary Topics, IOIO-OTG – the microcontroller board – characterization and interfacing, Programming Android Devices as Measuring Instruments, Interfacing front end Circuits with the microcontroller and the transparency Android ↔Windows data transfer are the topics dealt in this chapter.
Chapter 4 introduces the mathematical and graphic emulator used to develop the routines that are part of the proposed virtual instruments. The common algorithms for this project are described. Next, the individual virtual instruments algorithms are described. Finally, measurements made with the virtual instrument prototype and the Laboratory equipment has been intercompared and consistency has been verified in these results.
Every Chapter ends with Bibliography - numbered in [] – and Basic References –numbered in {}. Annexes for all chapters are at the end of each chapter.
Conclussions and Recommendations are presented at the end.
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Vilela, Lucas Pimentel. "Wald tests for IV regression with weak instruments". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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This dissertation deals with the problem of making inference when there is weak identification in models of instrumental variables regression. More specifically we are interested in one-sided hypothesis testing for the coefficient of the endogenous variable when the instruments are weak. The focus is on the conditional tests based on likelihood ratio, score and Wald statistics. Theoretical and numerical work shows that the conditional t-test based on the two-stage least square (2SLS) estimator performs well even when instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous variable. The conditional approach correct uniformly its size and when the population F-statistic is as small as two, its power is near the power envelopes for similar and non-similar tests. This finding is surprising considering the bad performance of the two-sided conditional t-tests found in Andrews, Moreira and Stock (2007). Given this counter intuitive result, we propose novel two-sided t-tests which are approximately unbiased and can perform as well as the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) test of Moreira (2003).
Esta dissertação trata do problema de inferência na presença de identificação fraca em modelos de regresso com variáveis instrumentais. Mais especificamente em testes de hipóteses com relação ao parâmetro da variável endógena quando os instrumentos são fracos. O principal foco é nos testes condicionais unilaterais baseados nas estatísticas de razão de máxima verossimilhança, score e Wald. Resultados teóricos e numéricos mostram que o teste t condicional unilateral baseado no estimador de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios tem uma boa performance mesmo na presença de instrumentos fracamente correlacionados com a variável endógena. A abordagem condicional corrige uniformemente o tamanho do teste t e quando a estatística F populacional é tão pequena quanto dois, o poder do teste é próximo ao power envelope tanto de testes similares quanto de não similares. Tal resultado é surpreendente visto a má performance dos testes t’s condicionais bilaterais relatada em (6, Andrews, Moreira and Stock (2007)). Dado esse resultado aparentemente contra intuitivo, apresentamos novos testes t’s condicionals bilaterais que são aproximadamente não viesados e performam, em alguns casos, tão bem quanto o teste condicional baseado na estatística de razão de verossimilhança de ( 19 , Moreira (2003)).
17
Costa, Cristiane da. "\"Resistência à perda de corte de instrumentos rotatórios de níquel-titânio submetidos à implantação iônica de nitrogênio\"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23145/tde-14032007-154226/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O presente estudo verificou o aumento da resistência à perda de corte de instrumentos produzidos em liga de níquel-titânio, após tratamento de implantação iônica de nitrogênio. Para tal, foram utilizados vinte e um instrumentos da marca K3 ?ENDO, de n° 25.02, com 21 mm, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 1 foi constituído por onze instrumentos submetidos à ação de uma câmara de implantação iônica de nitrogênio, servindo um deles como controle para a determinação da quantidade de íons implantados. O grupo 2 foi composto por dez instrumentos não submetidos ao processo de implantação iônica. Cada lima instrumentou 20 blocos de canais simulados 20.02 de 21 mm, previamente lavados em cuba ultra-sônica com detergente a 40°C por 10 minutos e depois com água bidestilada por mais 10 minutos. Os mesmos foram secos com jato de ar, voltaram para estufa a 40°C por 2 dias e finalmente pesados em balança analítica. Após cada instrumentação os blocos foram lavados em cuba ultra-sônica com detergente a 40°C por 20 minutos e pesados novamente. O ensaio de resistência à perda de corte foi realizado mediante a instrumentação de cada bloco com auxílio de um simulador de ação da instrumentação endodôntica, sendo a amplitude percorrida pelo contra-ângulo padronizada em 2,5 mm a cada penetração por 8 vezes atingindo um total de 2,0 cm para dentro do canal simulado, com força de penetração de 1,5 N. Quanto a resistência à perda de corte os resultados mostraram que os instrumentos implantados não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em nível de 5 % (? = 0,5 %) até 20 usos. Porém, os instrumentos não implantados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante (? = 0,5 %) entre 5 e 15 usos, 5 e 20 usos, bem como entre 10 e 20 usos. Ao compararem-se instrumentos implantados e não implantados, observou-se que em 5 e 10 usos não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>5%). Já na comparação entre ambos com 15 e 20 usos a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (? = 0,5 %). Lícito foi concluir, portanto, que o processo de implantação de íons de nitrogênio manteve a resistência à perda de corte de instrumentos produzidos em liga de níquel-titânio até 20 usos. Os instrumentos não implantados mostraram perda progressiva do poder de corte significativamente entre 5 e 15 usos, 5 e 20 usos, bem como entre 10 e 20 usos. Comparando-se instrumentos implantados e não implantados, observou-se que até 10 usos ambos comportaram-se igualmente no que respeita à perda de corte. Já na comparação entre ambos com 15 e 20 usos a diferença foi significativa.The present study investigated the cutting ability resistance in nickel-titanium instruments after nitrogen ion implantation treatment. Twenty-one instruments of K3 ?ENDO brand, number 20.02, with 21 mm, were divided in two groups. The group 1 submitted 11 instruments to nitrogen ion implantation chamber, while on served as positive control for the determination of the ion implantation quantity. In group 2, the 10 instruments were not submitted to ion implantation treatment. Each file instrumented 20 acrylic blocks 20.02 with 21 mm, previously washed in ultrasonic container with detergent in 40°C for 10 minutes and then with bidestiled water for 10 minutes. They were dried and put in a 40°C stove for 2 days and finally weighed in analytic balance. After instrumentation the blocks were washed for 20 minutes and weighed again. The usage essay was realized through the instrumentation of each block using an endodontic instrumentation simulated action, with a 2,5 mm standardized distance for 8 times, getting a total of 2,0 cm inside the simulated canal with a strong penetration of 1,5 N. The results showed that there was no statistical difference in cutting resistance of instruments treated with ionic implantation process until 20 uses. Although in the non treated instruments there was a gradual reduce in cutting ability resistance from 5 to 20 uses. The conclusion was that the nitrogen ion implantation process increases the cutting resistance of nickel-titanium instruments.
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Pozza, Márcia Dalla. "Avaliação da influência de diferentes tióis no desempenho de biossensores magnetielásticos para detecção de escherichia coli". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1432.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Os métodos de detecção de patógenos, em geral, requerem dias para identificação de micro-organismos patogênicos, havendo interesse em uma detecção rápida e precisa em tempo real, os biossensores magnetoelásticos são uma alternativa promissora. Os sensores magnetoelásticos são dispositivos de detecção que podem ser acessados remotamente e sua aplicação no método de biossensoriamento possui sensibilidade mássica para espécies biológicas, oferecendo confiabilidade na detecção de patógenos como Escherichia coli. Neste trabalho, tiras amorfas Metglas 2826MB3 foram revestidas com Au pelos processos de deposição de sputtering e eletrodeposição e segmentadas em lâminas de 5 x 1 mm. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de rugosidade média absoluta (Ra), desvio padrão das alturas da superfície (Rq) e simetria do perfil de distribuição (Rsk) com a técnica de microscopia de força atômica aplicada em três superfícies distintas (lisa, rugosa e polida). Buscando melhorar a sensibilidade de detecção do dispositivo, avaliou-se a influência de diferentes tióis no desempenho de biossensores magnetoelásticos. Os compostos utilizados diferem no tamanho da cadeia carbônica e no grupamento terminal que liga-se ao anticorpo. Sobre a superfície polida revestida com Cr/Au pelo processo de sputtering depositou-se os compostos cistamina (CYS), cisteamina (CYSTE) e ácido mercaptopropiônico (MPA), seguido por anticorpos. Os biossensores foram expostos a solução de bactéria E. coli e a variação da frequência de ressonância foi medida com um analisador de rede. Foi possível constatar que a superfície polida revestida com Cr/Au pelo processo de sputtering apresentou menores valores de Ra e Rq e melhor perfil de distribuição (Rsk) em relação às demais superfícies estudadas. Os biossensores com o composto MPA mostraram um aumento na captação de bactérias em relação aos biossensores com os compostos CYS e CYSTE, porém altos valores de desvio padrão foram observados, dificultando a reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade do biossensor. Os biossensores testados com CYSTE apresentaram maior eficiência e menor limite de detecção em relação aos biossensores testados com CYS, apontando um melhoramento na utilização deste composto. Os resultados foram favoráveis para a detecção da bactéria E. coli, evidenciando que o tamanho da cadeia carbônica e o grupamento terminal influenciam na eficácia da imobilização deste patógeno em biossensores magnetoelásticos.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-12-23T12:07:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcia Dalla Pozza.pdf: 1557950 bytes, checksum: dc75080707940367f6a35094de4afcef (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T12:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcia Dalla Pozza.pdf: 1557950 bytes, checksum: dc75080707940367f6a35094de4afcef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-23
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq.
The magneto-elastic sensors are detection devices that can be remotely accessed and applied as biosensors having a mass sensitivity for detection of biological specimens, offering reliability in the detection of pathogens such as Escherichia coli. The pathogen detection methods generally require days to identify the pathogenic micro-organism, so there is interest in a rapid and accurate detection in real time. The magneto elastic biosensors are a promising alternative for this task. In this work, amorphous ribbons of Metglas 2826MB3 were coated with Au by the processes of sputtering and electrodeposition and segmented into 5 x 1 mm strips. We evaluated the roughness parameters arithmetic average height (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq) and skewness (Rsk) using atomic force microscopy applied on three different surfaces (smooth, rough and polished). Seeking to improve the detection sensitivity of the device, the performance of the biosensors was evaluated in terms of the effects of different thiols on their performance. The compounds used differ in the size of the carbon chain and the terminal grouping which binds to the antibody. On the polished surface coated with Cr/Au by sputtering, we deposited the compounds cystamine (CYS), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and cysteamine (CYSTE), followed by antibodies. The biosensors were exposed to the bacteria E. coli in solution and the variation of the resonance frequency was measured with a network analyzer. It was found that the polished surface coated with Cr/Au by sputtering process showed lower values of Ra and Rq and a better distribution profile (Rsk) in relation to other surface studied. Biosensors employing the compound MPA showed an increase in attracting bacteria in relation to biosensors with CYS and CYSTE, but high standard deviations were observed, thus hampering the reproducibility and reliability of the biosensor. Biosensors tested with CYSTE showed higher efficiency and lower detection limit with respect to biosensors tested with CYS, indicating an improvement in the use of this compound. The results were favorable for the detection of E. coli, indicating that the size of carbon chain and the terminal grouping influence the effectiveness of immobilization of the magneto elastic biosensors.
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Sidaras, Evaldas. "Netradiciniai mušamieji instrumentai ir jų panaudojimas neformaliame ugdyme". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140717_104918-81281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Žinant netradicinių mušamųjų instrumentų klasifikaciją ir jų panaudojimo galimybes neformaliame ugdyme, pedagogams ir būsimiems muzikantams bus lengviau pateikti ir perprasti mokomąją medžiagą, improvizuoti grojant bei lavinti kūrybiškumą, pasirinkti ar pasigaminti patį instrumentą.
Bakalauro darbe analizuojami netradiciniai mušamieji instrumentai ir jų panaudojimo galimybės neformaliame ugdyme.
Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti netradicinius mušamuosius instrumentus ir atskleisti jų panaudojimo galimybes ugdant muzikantus. Tikslui pasiekti iškelti uždaviniai:
1) pateikti netradicinių mušamųjų instrumentų apibūdinimą;
2) klasifikuoti netradicinius mušamuosius instrumentus;
3) įvardinti netradicinių mušamųjų instrumentų naudojimo muzikinėje praktikoje ypatumus;
4) aprašyti netradicinių mušamųjų instrumentų panaudojimo galimybes neformaliame ugdyme;
5) surengti meninį projektą, paremtą teorine bakalauro darbo dalimi.
Darbe naudojami tyrimo metodai: literatūros šaltinių vertimas, analizė ir interpretavimas; asmenines muzikines patirties apibendrinimas.
Tyrimo metu išanalizuota literatūra aktualia tema, apibūdinti ir klasifikuoti netradiciniai mušamieji, pateiktos šių instrumentų panaudojimo neformaliame ugdyme galimybės. Norint pademonstruoti netradicinų mušamųjų instrumentų naudojimo ypatybes, išnagrinėtas teorinėje darbo dalyje, surengtas meninis projektas. Koncerte demonstruota dalis netradicinių mušamųjų instrumentų, atlikti kūriniai, kurie atskleidžia jų naudojimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Untraditional percussion instruments, their purpose of use and classification in non-formal education: this research is for educators and future musicians who want to present and comprehend the training material, to improvise during lectures and increase creativity in their students. Percussion instruments ant their use in non-formal education is analysed in this thesis. Research purpose: to analyze the unconditional percussion instruments and to define their usage in educating musicians. The targets for reaching the goal are as follows: 1. To present the description of the unconditional instruments. 2. To classify the unconditional percussion instruments. 3. To name the features of unconditional percussion instruments usage in musical practice. 4. To describe the options of use of the unconditional percussion instruments in non – formal education. Research methods used in the thesis: analysis of the literature sources, analysis and interpretation of the sheet music, description of personal experience. During this research, the topical literature of unconditional percussion instruments was analyzed, described and classified. An artistic project was arranged in order to demonstrate the internals of the instruments. During the project, several pieces were performed by percussion insrumentalists to reveal the instruments purpose of use.
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Ernoult, Augustin. "Régimes non-stationnaires dans les instruments à embouchure de type flûte". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066268/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les modélisations physiques actuelles des instruments de la famille des flûtes permettent de prédire correctement et d'interpréter leurs comportements quasi-stationnaires, c'est à dire les modifications du son induites par des variations lentes, par rapport au temps de réponse de l'instrument, des paramètres de contrôle .Le musicien fait cependant varier constamment ces paramètres pour articuler le discours musical. Au cours des transitoires d'attaques notamment, une variation brusque de la pression d'alimentation induit une mise en oscillation progressive de l'instrument. La naissance du son jouant un rôle important dans sa perception, la maîtrise de ces attaques est donc un point essentiel de l'apprentissage du jeu de la flûte et de la fabrication des instruments.Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation et l'interprétation physique des différents phénomènes ayant lieu au cours des transitoires d'attaque des flûtes à bec et des tuyaux d'orgue.Des attaques produites par des musiciens experts et novices sont étudiées dans le domaine spectral et temporel afin d'identifier et quantifier les mécanismes mis en jeu. La comparaison entre les différents musiciens permet de déterminer les phénomènes qu'ils contrôlent et ceux imposés par l'instrument.Après avoir modélisé l'impédance de l'ouverture au niveau du biseau, des simulations de transitoires d'attaque par modèles physique, montrent la capacité ou l'incapacité de ceux-ci à prédire et interpréter les phénomènes observés et leurs variations. Ce travail met ainsi en évidence la complexité des phénomènes contrôlés par les flutistes et les facteurs et les éléments qu'il reste à modéliser afin de pouvoir les interpréterCurrent physical models of flute-like instrument allow to predict and interpret quite well the quasi-stationary behaviors associated to the sound modifications induced by a slow variation of control parameters, compared to the response time of the instrument. However, the musician varies continuously these parameters to articulate the music. During the attack transient a sharp variation of supply pressure starts progressively the vibration of the instrument. The birth of the sound plays an important role for its perception. The control of these attacks is therefore an essential point of interest for the musicians and the instrument makers.The purpose of the studies presented here is to characterize and interpret physically the different phenomena occurring during attack transients of recorders and organ pipes. Attacks played by expert or novice musicians allow to identify and quantify the mechanisms involved. The comparison between musicians allows then to determine phenomena they control and the ones imposed by the instrument.The impedance of the resonator end near the edge is then modelled and included in physical models in order to simulate attack transients. These simulations show the ability or failure of models to predict and to interpret the phenomena observed experimentally and their variability. These studies illustrate the complexity of the phenomena controlled by recorder players and instrument makers and identify the aspects that still need to be modelled in order to interpret them
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Souri, Davood. "Theoretical and Applied Essays on the Instrumental Variable Method". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is intended to provide a statistical foundation for the IV models and shed lights on a number of issues related to the IV method. The first chapter shows that the theoretical Instrumental Variable model can be derived by reparameterization of a well-specified statistical model defined on the joint distribution of the involved random variables as the actual (local) data generation process. This reveals the covariance structure of the error terms of the usual theory-driven instrumental variable model. The revealed covariance structure of the IV model have important implications, particularly, for designing simulation studies.
Monte Carlo simulations are used to reexamine the Nelson and Startz (1990a) findings regarding the performance of IV estimators when the instruments are weak. The results from the simulation exercises indicate that the sampling distribution of ^Î IV is concentrated around ^Î OLS.
The second chapter considers the underlying joint distribution function of the instrumental variable (IV) model and presents an alternative definition for the exogenous and relevant instruments. The paper extracts a system of independent and orthogonal equations that covers up a non-orthogonal structural model and argues that the estimated IV regression is well-specified if the underlying system of equations is well-specified. It proposes a new instrument relevancy measure that does not suffer from the first-stage R² deficiencies.
Third chapter argues the application of the IV method in estimation of models with omitted variable. The paper considers the implicit parametrization of statistical models and presents five conditions for an appropriate instruments. Two of them are empirically measurable and can be tested. This improves the literature by adding one more objective criterion for the selection of instruments. This chapter applies the IV method to estimate the rate of return to education in Iran. It argues that the education of two cohorts of Iranians was delayed or cut short by the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, the Cultural Revolution, as an exogenous shock to the supply of education, establishes the year of birth as the exogenous and relevant instrument for education. Using the standard Mincerian earnings function with control for experience, ethnicity, location of residence and sector of employment, the instrumental variable estimate of the return to schooling is equal to 5.6%. The estimation results indicate that the Iranian labor market values degrees more than years of schooling.Ph. D.
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Chong, Rosita. "Economics of funding instruments : an empirical analysis of conventional and Islamic instruments". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433948.
Testo completo
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Troyer, Akito van. "Score instruments : a new paradigm of musical instruments to guide musical wonderers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-190).
Advancements in technology have made musical instruments, especially electronic instruments, accessible to the masses. As a result, music-making has become more widespread and convenient. However, the blackboxing practices of commercial Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) have conditioned many users to produce only specific styles of music. Furthermore, as many of these commercial instruments produce sound through loudspeakers, rather than the body of the instrument, players lose the physical and tactile connection to sound and music. Consequently, these DMIs inhibit understanding of the relationship between musicality and our everyday physical world, and cut players off from exploring a more extensive range of musical possibilities. Despite the multiplication of music-making tools, music-making practices still operate on the same principles. The production of music requires instruments to generate organized physical sound energies that follow the schema of a score. This dissertation studies a new class of Interactive Music Systems (IMSs) called Score Instruments that embed both instrument and score into a single unified interface. Score Instruments reopen the range of possibilities offered by everyday sounds and objects as musical bricolage tools to bring players into a personalized, guided, and open-ended use of the instrument. Players of Score Instruments are called Musical Wonderers, as the instruments encourage them to focus on exploration to build their own musical language, rather than on the technically correct realization of music. The dissertation describes the concept of Score Instruments. Two instances of Score Instruments demonstrate how the techniques and criteria translate into specific IMSs. City Symphonies is a massive musical collaboration platform that encourages players to listen to their cities and create music with environmental sounds. MM-RT is a tabletop tangible musical instrument that employs electromagnetic actuators and small permanent magnets to physically induce sounds with found objects. Both projects exemplify how Score Instruments can simultaneously stimulate open creativity and provide meaningful direction and constraints that guide users to learn underlying principles about music and the physical world. The design investigations and historical perspective of this dissertation offer a future of music-making practice that is based on exploration and designed to broaden the definition and variety of music.
by Akito van Troyer.
Ph. D.
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Wannamaker, Robert Alexander. "Grain : for 17 instruments /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3236636.
Testo completo
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Hindman, Heather. "Macula : for 10 instruments". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Macula is a two-movement piece of music written for a mixed ensemble often instruments. The piece explores an aspect of visual perception in which an object seemingly becomes both larger and more detailed as it draws closer. This becomes a metaphor for the structure of the piece, where materials are gradually transformed and re-contextualized to suggest the notion of continually zooming in. The accompanying analytical paper gives a general overview of the procedures and techniques used to organize and compose the piece.
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Swanson, Daniel F. "Music for nine instruments". Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/491438.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
MUSIC FOR NINE INSTRUMENTS is a single movement composition for flute, oboe, Bb clarinet, bassoon, horn in F, two violins, viola, and 'cello. The work is organized into six sections, each of which examines and utilizes the compositional material in unique ways. The syntax of the work is achieved by the employment of pitch-class sets. Two sets of pitches are used with their sub-sets. The properties indigenous to the two sets are that they are of seven and five-members respectively, the five-member set is not a subset of the seven-member set and, when the two sets are catenated, they form the universal-set of the twelve pitches of the chromatic scale. Additionally, the work exploits the individual characteristics of the instruments and explores, in various ways, the textural combinations available.School of Music
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Chen, David Joel. "Designing wave-measuring instruments". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12108.
Testo completo
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Aimi, Roberto Mario 1973. "New expressive percussion instruments". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30973.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).
This thesis presents several new percussion instruments that explore the ideas of musical networks; playing, recording, and developing musical material; continuous control over rhythm and timbre; pressure sensing; and electronic / acoustic hybrids. These instruments use the tools of electronics and computation to extend the role of percussion by creating new ways for people to play percussion alone, together, and in remote locations. Two projects are presented in detail. The Beatbugs are a system of eight hand-held networked instruments that are designed to let children enter simple rhythmic motifs and send those motifs to be developed further by the other players. Results from three workshops and performances are discussed. Preliminary results are also presented for the Remote Drum Network, a system that lets people play drums together over the internet even in high latency situations by synchronizing their audio streams and delaying them to match each player's next phrase.
by Roberto Mario Aimi.
S.M.
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Pernegger, Heinz, Norbert Wermes, Luigi Mele, Mar Capeans, Ettore Zaffaroni, Barbara Mehner e Ingrid Jonak-Auer. "Innovating Advanced Radiation Instruments". Publishers Communication Group (PCG), 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6507/1/s19.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
STREAM is a 4-year multi-site training network that aims at career development of Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) on scientific design, construction manufacturing and of advanced radiation instrumentation. STREAM targets the development of innovative radiation-hard, smart CMOS sensor technologies for scientific and industrial applications. The platform technology developed within the project will be tested in the demanding conditions posed by the CERN LHC detectors' environment as well as European industry leaders in the field of CMOS imaging, electron microscopy and radiation sensors. This leveraging factor will allow to fine-tune the technology to meet the requirements of industrial application cases on demand such as electron microscopy and medical X-ray imaging, as well as pathway towards novel application fields such as satellite environments, industrial X-ray systems and near-infrared imaging. The project will train a new generation of creative, entrepreneurial and innovative early-stage researchers and widen their academic career and employment opportunities. The STREAM consortium is composed of 10 research organisations and 5 industrial partners; the network will provide training to 17 ESRs. STREAM structures the research and training in four scientific work-packages which span the whole value-chain from research to application: CMOS Technologies Assessment, Smart Sensor Design and Layout, Validation and Qualification, Technology Integration, and Valorization.
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Khodun, T. "Evaluating environmental policy instruments". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23461.
Testo completo
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Al-Masri, Antoun Salim. "Museum of Skin Instruments". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Skin is a very broad topic that allows discovering and exploring all the possibilities of what skin can be. Furthermore, skin is much known for its flexibility that can shape and wrap almost every object we can think of. At the beginning of my thesis research about skin, I thought I knew enough about it to start, but I discovered later on that skin is not a surface. Moreover, I directed myself into exploring more and more about skin and its characteristics. I built many models to help me understand some of the natural identity of skin and related materials. Those models became a concept for my project - a museum of skin instruments - in Alexandria, Virginia where I implied the mechanism of different skin instruments in each building. Exploration and experiments were the key to develop my design process.Master of Architecture
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Friedrich, Jeff C. "Schematic Priming of Instruments". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1148669164.
Testo completo
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Wheeler, Tony. "Compositions for Chinese instruments". Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12986665.
Testo completo
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Lindberg, Andreas. "Classification of Financial Instruments". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis a general framework and accompanying guidelines for how to classify financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy (included within IFRS 13) is presented. IFRS 13 introduces a broad and loosely defined regulation of how to classify a financial instrument which leaves room for misinterpretation and uncertainties. In this thesis the pricing of financial instruments and behaviour of the market data used as inputs in the models has been investigated. This is to give better insight into what is classified as significant market data, how it is used and how it is approximated. Instruments that have been investigated are autocalls, swaps, European options and Asian options. The result is presented as general recommendations for how to classify the specified instruments with clearer boarders introduced between the levels in the hierarchy. Methods and deductions introduced in the thesis could also further be implemented in classification of closely related financial instruments but has been limited in this thesis due to time restrictions. Nyckelord på svenska IFRS, Finansiella instrument, Klassificering, Fair value, Fair value hierarchy, Autocall, Swap, Europeisk option, Asiatisk option, Implicit volatilitet, Korrelation, Marknadsaktivitet, RäntesatserI denna uppsats är ett generellt ramverk och medföljande riktlinjer för hur man klassificerar finansiella instrument inom fair value hierarkin (inkluderad i IFRS 13) presenterat. IFRS 13 introducerar en bred och löst definierad regulation om hur klassificering finansiella instrument ska gå till som lämnar rum för feltolkningar och oklarheter. I denna uppsats har prissättningen av finansiella instrument och beteende av marknadsdata som används i modellerna undersökts. Detta ger en bättre inblick i vad som klassificeras som signifikant marknadsdata, hur den används och hur den kan approximeras. Instrument som har undersökts är autocalls, swaps, europeiska optioner och asiatiska optioner. Resultatet presenteras som allmänna rekommendationer för hur man klassificerar de angivna instrumenten med tydligare gränser som införts mellan nivåerna i hierarkin. Metoder och slutsatser som är presenterade i uppsatsen kan även vidare användas vid klassifikation av liknande finansiella instrument men har i denna avhandling begränsats på grund av tidsskäl.
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Ryefalk, Maria. "Evaluation of PXI instruments". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123728.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis has been written at Ericsson AB in Kumla. The purpouse of the thesis was to evaluate if it was possible to use PXI instruments in Ericsson’s current test system and if it would bring any improvements. The parameters considered were compatibility, test time, radio frequency performance, equipment footprint and total cost of ownership. Compatibility and test time was evaluated using small test apps, the other three evaluations are based on calculations. We found that PXI is compatible with Ericsson’s current test system, is faster than the current instruments, has similar radio frequency performance stats, does not change equipment footprint and shows a 6 % cost decrease in total cost of ownership.
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Ferreira, Tadeu Cendon. "Instrumentos financeiros patrimoniais previstos na legislação societária brasileira à luz das normas internacionais de contabilidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-30092016-144559/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Desde a adoção das normas internacionais de relatórios financeiros (IFRS) no Brasil, em 2010, a discussão sobre a classificação de instrumentos financeiros entre instrumentos de dívida ou de patrimônio tem se intensificado. Quando a Lei 11.638/07 foi emitida, alterando a Lei das Sociedades por Ações de 1976, teve o condão de introduzir o padrão contábil internacional na contabilidade brasileira. Entretanto, muitos dos instrumentos e aspectos da legislação societária brasileira não foram alterados ou reavaliados à luz desse novo padrão. De um momento para o outro, empresas se viram obrigadas a classificar como dívida, valores antes classificados com patrimônio líquido, como foram os diversos casos de ações resgatáveis. A própria classificação das ações ordinárias e preferenciais como instrumentos de patrimônio líquido foi colocada em dúvida devido à previsão do chamado dividendo mínimo obrigatório. Nesse ínterim, companhias abertas brasileiras emitiram certos instrumentos financeiros, analisaram e os classificaram como instrumentos de patrimônio líquido. Entretanto, tiveram tal classificação questionada pela CVM e foram requeridas a refazer suas demonstrações financeiras. Mesmo internacionalmente essa classificação não é, muitas vezes, óbvia. As últimas discussões no âmbito internacional relacionados com a classificação de instrumentos financeiros como de dívida ou de patrimônio se concentraram em duas abordagens: a \"abordagem restrita do patrimônio líquido\" (Narrow Equity Approach) e a \"abordagem estrita do passivo\" (Strict Obligation Approach). Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a classificação dos instrumentos financeiros patrimoniais previstos na legislação societária brasileira à luz das normas internacionais de relatórios financeiros. Primeiramente entendendo e avaliando os casos de determinação da CVM de refazimento das demonstrações financeiras de companhias em virtude de classificação considerada inadequada de certos instrumentos financeiros como de patrimônio líquido. Em seguida, avaliando a natureza dos instrumentos patrimoniais previstos na legislação societária brasileira, especialmente as ações com dividendos prioritários, e o impacto dessa prioridade nas demonstrações financeiras das companhias. Com base nos resultados do estudo, concluiu-se que os casos de refazimento estavam relacionados a uma tentativa de classificar instrumentos típicos de dívida como patrimoniais, a partir da alteração de certos termos, mas sem atender a todos os requisitos da norma contábil. Adicionalmente, para as companhias com ações preferenciais com dividendos prioritários, observamos que os instrumentos atendiam a classificação de patrimônio líquido e que a prioridade no recebimento trouxe benefícios de fato para os seus detentores.Since the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards in Brazil, in 2010, the discussion on the classification of financial instruments between debt or equity instruments has intensified. When the law 11,638/07 was issued, changing the Brazilian Corporate Law of 1976, had the effect of introducing international accounting standards in the Brazilian accounting environment. However, many of the instruments and aspects of Brazilian corporate legislation have not changed or reassessed in the light of this new standard. From one moment to the next, companies were required to reclassify amounts from equity to debt, as were the various cases of redeemable shares. Even the classification of ordinary and preferred shares as equity instruments was questioned due to the statutory minimum mandatory dividend. In the meantime, Brazilian listed companies have issued certain financial instruments, analyzed and classified them as equity instruments. However, they had such a classification questioned by the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Comission (CVM) and were required to restate their financial statements. Even internationally, this classification is not often obvious. The latest discussions in the international forum related to the classification of financial instruments as debt or equity focused on two approaches: the Narrow Equity Approach and the Strict Obligation Approach. This study aims to evaluate the classification of equity financial instruments as per the Brazilian corporate legislation in light of the International Financial Reporting Standards. Firstly, understanding and evaluating the cases of restatement of the financial statements of companies as determined by CVM due to misclassification of certain financial instruments as equity. Then, assessing the nature of equity instruments as per the Brazilian corporate legislation, especially the shares with priority dividends, and the impact of this priority in the financial statements of the company. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the restatements were related to the attempt of classifying typical debt instruments as equity, by amending certain of their terms, but not meeting all the requirements of the relevant accounting standard. Additionally, for companies with preferred shares with priority dividends, we observed that the instruments were classified as equity and that the priority has effectively brought benefits to these shareholders.
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Varsányi, András. "Gong ageng : Herstellung, Klang und Gestalt eines königlichen Instrumentes des Ostens /". Tutzing : H. Schneider, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37121548j.
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Balotta, Graciano Augusto Peviani [UNESP]. "Análise de três métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para a região de Pradópolis - SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
balotta_gap_me_jabo.pdf: 233319 bytes, checksum: 23b0129b8a38f43d1dd6a512cb94ef29 (MD5)O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar três métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (Hargreaves, Radiação Solar e Makkink), comparando-os com o método de Penman-Monteith, recomendado pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO) como método padrão para estimativa da ETo, para o município de Pradópolis - SP. Para esse fim foi instalada no posto agrometeorológico da cidade de Pradópolis - SP uma estação meteorológica automatizada. Por intermédio desta estação foram obtidas medidas da radiação solar global, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. A análise dos resultados foi feita por uma técnica que considera os erros da ET0. O resultado da avaliação dos métodos indica um melhor ajuste para estimativa da ETo para o método de Hargreaves. Os métodos de Makkink e Radiação Solar não obtiveram um ajuste satisfatório com o do Penman-Monteith. Para avaliar métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração deve-se considerar os erros da estimativa da ETo, evitando possíveis erros de avaliação
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate two reference methods to Monteith method, recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as the standard method for estimating ETo in Pradópolis - SP. To this data collection, an automated weather station was installed in the meteorological station at Pradópolis - SP. Through estimate evapotranspiration (Hargreaves, Radiation and Makkink), compared to Penman-this station, we obtained measures of global solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The analysis was done by a technique that considers the mistakes of ETo, which depends on the combination of the errors of the variables that make up the estimating equations, derived from the measurement instruments used to obtain these variables. The aftermath showed a better adjustment to Hargreaves. Makkink, and Radiation methods are different from Penman-Monteith, therefore, they cannot be compared. To evaluate methods to estimate evapotranspiration and avoid possible evaluation errors, ETo estimate errors must be considered
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Nordqvist, Peter. "Sound Classification in Hearing Instruments". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Signaler, sensorer och system, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3777.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A variety of algorithms intended for the new generation of hearing aids is presented in this thesis. The main contribution of this work is the hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to classifying listening environments. This method is efficient and robust and well suited for hearing aid applications. This thesis shows that several advanced classification methods can be implemented in digital hearing aids with reasonable requirements on memory and calculation resources. A method for analyzing complex hearing aid algorithms is presented. Data from each hearing aid and listening environment is displayed in three different forms: (1) Effective temporal characteristics (Gain-Time), (2) Effective compression characteristics (Input-Output), and (3) Effective frequency response (Insertion Gain). The method works as intended. Changes in the behavior of a hearing aid can be seen under realistic listening conditions. It is possible that the proposed method of analyzing hearing instruments generates too much information for the user. An automatic gain controlled (AGC) hearing aid algorithm adapting to two sound sources in the listening environment is presented. The main idea of this algorithm is to: (1) adapt slowly (in approximately 10 seconds) to varying listening environments, e.g. when the user leaves a disciplined conference for a multi-babble coffee-break; (2) switch rapidly(in about 100 ms) between different dominant sound sources within one listening situation, such as the change from the user's own voice to a distant speaker's voice in a quiet conference room; (3) instantly reduce gain for strong transient sounds and then quickly return to the previous gain setting; and (4) not change the gain in silent pauses but instead keep the gain setting of the previous sound source. An acoustic evaluation shows that the algorithm works as intended. A system for listening environment classification in hearing aids is also presented. The task is to automatically classify three different listening environments: 'speech in quiet', 'speech in traffic', and 'speech in babble'. The study shows that the three listening environments can be robustly classified at a variety of signal-to-noise ratios with only a small set of pre-trained source HMMs. The measured classification hit rate was 96.7-99.5% when the classifier was tested with sounds representing one of the three environment categories included in the classifier. False alarm rates were0.2-1.7% in these tests. The study also shows that the system can be implemented with the available resources in today's digital hearing aids. Another implementation of the classifier shows that it is possible to automatically detect when the person wearing the hearing aid uses the telephone. It is demonstrated that future hearing aids may be able to distinguish between the sound of a face-to-face conversation and a telephone conversation, both in noisy and quiet surroundings. However, this classification algorithm alone may not be fast enough to prevent initial feedback problems when the user places the telephone handset at the ear. A method using the classifier result for estimating signal and noise spectra for different listening environments is presented. This evaluation shows that it is possible to robustly estimate signal and noise spectra given that the classifier has good performance. An implementation and an evaluation of a single keyword recognizer for a hearing instrument are presented. The performance for the best parameter setting gives 7e-5 [1/s] in false alarm rate, i.e. one false alarm for every four hours of continuous speech from the user, 100% hit rate for an indoors quiet environment, 71% hit rate for an outdoors/traffic environment and 50% hit rate for a babble noise environment. The memory resource needed for the implemented system is estimated to 1820 words (16-bits). Optimization of the algorithm together with improved technology will inevitably make it possible to implement the system in a digital hearing aid within the next couple of years. A solution to extend the number of keywords and integrate the system with a sound environment classifier is also outlined.QC 20100611
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Strandberg, Mattias. "Portfolio Optimization with NonLinear Instruments". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137233.
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Strassmuller, Matthias. "Interfacing composition : Electronics and instruments". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529864.
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Zhang, Ailin. "Playability of bowed string instruments". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708962.
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Xu, Yunwei. "Safety evaluation of surgical instruments". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bfb1e112-315e-4380-ac2b-9457d2f44762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spurred by recent press reports and other concerns this thesis focuses on the quality of surgical instruments. The current situation is reviewed by considering the regulatory framework and by investigating the quality of newly purchased instruments. A range of test protocols based on British Standards and best practices from industry were developed. These were designed to be practical in the real world situation and a user-friendly database was built to collate all the relevant data and inform the Supply Chain. The conditions experienced by instruments during their lifetime in the health care environment, especially in cleaning and disinfection were studied and as many instruments implicated in Incidents as possible investigated to understand the possible root causes of failure. During this work the importance and debate over surface finish, passivation and disinfection processes became apparent and research was carried out into the effect on wettability and drying mechanism of passivation and repeated disinfection cycles on various typical surface finishes. This concentrated on the environment within the health service unlike other studies which have been concerned with more aggressive industrial situations. Standards and Procedures on the care of instruments have been established in order to improve the current management of surgical instruments and to ensure that they are and remain fit for purpose.
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Cotret, Laurent. "La négociabilité des instruments financiers". Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMD007.
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Zhdan, O. "Economic instruments for sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23464.
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Samsonenko, O. "Economic instruments for waste management". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11815.
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Hoose, Shane Anthony. "Three movements for thirteen instruments". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2521.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Three Movements for Thirteen Instruments is a musical composition for large chamber ensemble, scored for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet in C, horn in F, two percussion, two violins, viola, violoncello, and double bass. The composition is slightly over 15 minutes in duration and consists of three movements of contrasting character and thematic content that reflect the musical elements that most interest me at the moment: rhythm, counterpoint, melody, and tonality. The first movement is a developmental, syncopated fast movement. The second movement is slow and lyrical. The third movement is an incessant march that draws the work to a spirited conclusion. Three Movements for Thirteen Instruments was written for the University of Iowa Center for New Music Ensemble, and the ensemble has read it in order to secure ideas for orchestration.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Exploring Research Methodologies and Instruments". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5701.
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Souza, Iara Alves Martins de. "A calibração de instrumentos de medições topográficas e geodésicas: a busca pela acreditação laboratorial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-14102010-161303/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
É um dever dos profissionais que trabalham na área de mensuração discutir os temas que envolvem a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em ambiente laboratorial e o uso de padrões específicos voltados para as áreas de instrumentação e de Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade. Para isso, é importante mencionar as normas ISO 17123:2001, NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2000 e os métodos compactos para laboratório voltados para testar estações totais e instrumentos EDM. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir os temas relacionados à manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em laboratório, mostrando a importância da implantação do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ). Também são discutidas as vantagens decorrentes desta implantação, bem como a organização estrutural e de pessoal para tal sistema, apresentando as normas específicas usadas para a realização de trabalhos em agrimensura. Para compreender melhor a temática da dissertação foram pesquisados alguns laboratórios internacionais que trabalham com a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos, que são acreditados pela norma ISO 17025:2005, são certificados pelas normas ISO 9001:2000 e realizam os seus procedimentos de acordo com os requisitos da norma ISO 17123:2001. Dessa forma, as avaliações sobre a estrutura organizacional do laboratório, a estrutura de pessoal e o SGQ implantado, foram realizadas de forma mais segura. Os laboratórios pesquisados realizam suas atividades de acordo com os requisitos das normas ISO 9001:2000, ISO 17025:2005 e ISO 17123, garantindo qualidade aos trabalhos nos laboratórios. A calibração realizada de forma correta e regular contribui para a promoção da qualidade das atividades nos laboratórios.It is the duty of professionals working in the area of measurement discuss issues involving the maintenance/calibration of geodesic instruments in the laboratory and the use of specific standards directed to the areas of instrumentation and Quality Management System. Therefore, it is important to dimensional standards ISO 17123:2001, ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ISO 9001:2000 and compact laboratory methods aimed at testing EDM instruments and total stations. In this context, the main objective of this research is to discuss issues related to maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments in the laboratory, showing the importance of implementing the Quality Management System (QMS). Also discussed are advantages of this deployment, as well as the structural organization and personnel for such a system, with specific standards used to perform work in surveying. To better understand the theme of the thesis were searched some international laboratories that work with the maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments, which are accredited to ISO 17025:2005 are certified by ISO 9001:2000 and realize their procedures in accordance with the requirements of ISO 17123:2001. Thus, the ratings on the organizational structure of the laboratory, the personnel structure and quality management system in place, were held more securely. The laboratories surveyed perform their activities in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 17025:2005 and ISO 17123, ensuring quality to work in laboratories. The calibration performed correctly and regularly contributes to the promotion of quality activities in the laboratories.
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Sanderson, Eleanor. "Testing for weak instruments in two-stage least squares estimation of linear instrumental variable models". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690773.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Instrumental Variable (IV) methods are widely used in the analysis of economic data when the explanatory variable of interest is endogenous and so OLS estimation of the model is biased. However, if the instruments used do not strongly predict the endogenous variable being instrumented then the IV estimator will also give biased results. Weak Instrument Asymptotic theory can be used to model the strength of the instruments in Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) IV models and critical values have been developed to test for Weak Instruments in models with one time period. In the first part of this thesis I extend Weak Instrument Asymptotics to a model with multiple endogenous variables where the instruments available can strongly predict each of the endogenous variables separately but correlation between the endogenous variables means that they cannot be jointly predicted and so the overall strength of the instruments in the model is weak. I develop a partial F-statistic to test for 'Weak Instruments of this form and show that this test has the correct size using currently existing critical values for testing for Weak Instruments. I then extend the Weak Instrument Asymptotics to Panel Data models with multiple time periods, and one endogenous variable. I show that it is no longer possible to use the F -statistic to test for Weak Instruments but it is possible to use the Effective F-statistic developed by Olea and Pflueger (2013) with appropriately clustered standard errors to test for 'Weak Instruments in Pallel Data models. Finally, I extend this analysis to look a AR(l) panel data models and show that it is possible to control the strcngth of the instruments asymptotically by changing the persistence of the autoregressive process. I also show the Effective F-statistic has the correct size in these AR(l) models.