Tesi sul tema "Installations de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs"
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Marie-Jeanne, Mélanie. "Investigation des performances d'un élévateur de l'état de charge par ECR à ISOLDE : une étude du scénario 1+ n+ pour les installations ISOL de la prochaine génération". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10026.
Testo completoThe work described here was performed at ISOLDE, CERN. It aimed at giving an objective report of the current performances of Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources used as charge breeders, with both stable and radioactive ion beams. As a prerequisite, some technical developments were undertaken during the PhD thesis to improve the setup and to lead the tests with optimal conditions. A major part of these developments concerns beam purity, and is detailed in this thesis. Then, measurements of the charge breeding efficiencies of various isotopes were completed with different charge breeding modes. Results of these experiments are analyzed and compared to the current performances of other types of charge breeding methods. At the end, some conclusions are drawn from this investigation in perspective of the choices to make for future ISOL postaccelerators. The discussion is extended to the immediate application of ECR charge bred radioactive ion beams to physics experiments
Ajayakumar, Anjali. "In gas jet laser spectroscopy optimization for high resolution measurement of actinides". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC267.
Testo completoThe Super Separator Spectrometer-Low Energy Branch (S3-LEB) is a low-energy radioactive ion beam experimental setup under commissioning as part of the GANIL-SPIRAL2 facility. In this thesis work, the off-line commissioning of the S3-LEB setup, including first laser spectroscopy measurements in both the gas cell and the supersonic gas jet, the determination of the transport efficiency of laser ions from the gas cell through the RFQ chain, and time-of-flight measurements with the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer PILGRIM are discussed. The measurements were performed using erbium, introduced by evaporation from a heated filament in the gas environment. The reported laser spectroscopy results include a characterization of the pressure broadening in the gas cell and proof-of principle isotope shift and hyperfine-structure measurements. This work proves the potential of the setup to conduct the future online tests, where erbium is chosen as the first case for online commissioning. Offline laser ionization and spectroscopy of uranium and americium from the actinide series have been discussed. This thesis work also includes technical developments such as the implementation of the titanium sapphire laser systems and a dedicated entrance window test bench for the S3-LEB. A continuous wave diode-pumped laser system has been built for high-resolution laser spectroscopy application. Americium laser spectroscopy measurements at RISIKO present the potential of such a laser system in performing high-resolution measurements in actinides
Pichard, A. "Développement de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs pour le projet SPIRAL 2". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544206.
Testo completoLandré-Pellemoine, Frédérique. "Production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs par la méthode ISOL pour SPIRAL". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008873.
Testo completoJoinet, Angélique. "Production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs chimiquement réactifs par séparation en ligne". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112163.
Testo completoThe isotope separation on line method allows to produce by spallation, fragmentation or fission reaction, radioactive ion beams far from the valley of stability. A thick target is irradiated by a high intensity primary beam. Therefore, high production can be achieved. The problem is to find target material that releases rapidly at high temperature, the reaction products stopped into the target. This radiochemical method, optimised to work with an ion source, is based on the thermochemical properties as vapour pressure, diffusion and desorption. The delay due to the mass transfer will have some consequences on the production efficiency, and particularly for the short half life isotopes. This technique has been inefficient for the 14 and 16 group elements, which are chemically reactive in their production environment. The introduction of the chemical evaporation can solve the problem. Chemical specie is introduced into the target, allowing the transportation of the element as a molecule towards the ion source. The neutron deficient selenium and sulphur radioactive ion beams and the neutron rich tin beams are of great interest for the physicist community. The goal of my work has been to optimise the target and ion source unit in order to achieve high intensity and purity. First, off line measurements allowed to find target material dealing to a fast release of these isotopes and of several elements. Afterwards, we studied the formation, stability and ionisation of the COSe, COS, SnS and GeS molecules by on line measurements. One advantage of the chemical evaporation method is to obtaine volatile molecules and to reduce isobaric contamination. This thesis has been done in the frame of the EURISOL project. This would construct a new generation accelerator, that would deliver high intensity and high purity ion beams. And this work demonstrates that a chemical physical treatment of isotopes in their environment is crucial
Pichard, Alexandre. "Développement de faisceaux d’ions radioactifs pour le projet SPIRAL 2". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2052.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the study of radioactive ion beam production by the ISOL method for the SPIRAL 2 project. The production of light ion beams is studied and the potential in-target yields of two beams are appraised. The neutron-rich 15C yield in an oxide target is estimated with simulations (MCNPx, EAF-07) and experimental data bases; the neutron-deficient 14O yield is estimated thanks to a new measurement of the 12C(3He,n)14O reaction excitation function. Based on thermal simulations, a first design of the production target is presented. This thermal study gives the necessary answers for the detailed design of the system able to reach a production yield 140 times higher than with SPIRAL 1. The production of radioactive ion beams coming from fissions in the UCx target is also studied and more particularly effusion and ionisation processes. A global study and an off-line tests campaign allow essential knowledge to the design of the surface ionisation source for SPIRAL 2 to be acquired. A first prototype of this ion source dedicated to alkali and alkaline-earth element production has been built and a thermal calibration performed. Ionisation efficiency and time response of the target-ion source system have been measured at different target temperatures and for different noble gases. These measurements allow evaluation of the impact of effusion and ionisation processes on the production efficiency of different alkali and noble gases isotopes as a function of their half-life
Rossé, Bertrand. "Détection γ [gamma] et faisceaux radioactifs : recherche de noyaux exotiques très déformés". Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/04/76/PDF/These.pdf.
Testo completoThis work is devoted to the search for highly deformed nuclei under extreme conditions of isospin, located near the proton drip-line, around A~130. The experiment was performed at GANIL (Caen) with the SPIRAL radioactive beam facility. The nuclei of interest were produced by fusion-evaporation reactions induced by the neutron deficient 76Kr radioactive beam (T½ = 14. 8 h). γ-rays were detected by the EXOGAM array, composed of 11 segmented germanium clover detectors, for which a new segment calibration method has been developed. To extract fusion-evaporation events of a overwhelming background due to the radioactivity of the beam, the EXOGAM array was coupled with the light charged particle detector DIAMANT and the high acceptance VAMOS spectrometer. The latter was used for the first time to detect fusion-evaporation residues. The detailed data analysis allowed us to demonstrate that the EXOGAM + DIAMANT + VAMOS coupling is operational and essential to investigate the structure of these nuclei. Furthermore, the first γ transition was observed in the very exotic odd-odd 130Pm nucleus. The results have been interpreted with static and dynamic self-consistent microscopic calculations in collaboration with the Theoretical Physicists of the IPN Lyon
Bilheux, Jean-Christophe. "Design studies of high-power fast diffusion-release targets and fast vapor-transport systems for radioactive ion beam". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0009.
Testo completoEleon, Cyrille. "Recherche et développement concernant la production d'ions radioactifs dans le cadre de SPIRAL". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2057.
Testo completoThis thesis is related to the R&D for the production of radioactive ion beams by the ISOL method for SPIRAL at GANIL. Two studies concerning improvements to the performance of SPIRAL target-source system have been made, using a statistical approach to the atoms-to-ions transformation. The first study concerns the transformation time between the production of the radioactive atoms of 35Ar inside a target and the extraction of the radioactive ions from the source with the TARGISOL set-up (target + ECR source). The goal was to determine the diffusion coefficients of the Ar for the carbon target. The results were presented and illustrate the difficulty of this work. The second study is the application of the statistical approach to the surface ionization source. It allowed one to define and to build a new MonoNaKe set-up for the production of 1+ radioactive alkaline ions. Radioactive ions of 37,47K, 25,26,27,28,30Na, 8,9Li and 28,29,30,31Al were produced. For the production of the multicharged radioactive alkali ions, the MonoNaKe target/ion-source system was coupled to the ECR source of SPIRAL 1 without a mass separator (1+/N+ direct method). A first radioactive ion beam of 47K5+ was extracted at the SIRa test bench. A surface ionization test source based on the same technical characteristics of MonoNaKe has been built. The goal of this system will be to define a prototype of source adapted to the constraints of SPIRAL 2 (ionization efficiency and lifetime)
Gibouin, Stéphane. "Contributions à l'étude de la production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs par la méthode ISOL". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002930.
Testo completoLa première est la production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs à partir d'un ensemble cible-source de SPIRAL (cible + source ECR). Les taux de production des faisceaux de néon radioactif ont été déterminés sur le banc de tests SIRa et les prévisions pour SPIRAL ont été établies. La faisabilité de la production de faisceaux d'éléments radioactifs condensables à partir d'un tel ensemble cible-source, en utilisant un transport sous une forme moléculaire volatile entre la cible et la source, a été démontré expérimentalement en produisant des faisceaux d'oxygène radioactif via la molécule CO.
La deuxième technique est la production de faisceaux d'alcalins radioactifs à partir de l'ensemble ciblesource MONILITHE (cible + source à cavité chaude). Les efficacités de production des faisceaux de lithium et de sodium radioactifs ont été déterminées. Une nouvelle méthodologie, la « méthode globale », a été développée dans le cadre de cette thèse, afin de déduire les propriétés de diffusion, d'effusion et d'ionisation de ces deux éléments à partir de cet ensemble. Elle a montré que l'évolution des propriétés de diffusion entre les différents alcalins a un comportement similaire à celle entre les différents gaz rares.
La troisième est la technique IGISOL (cible + guide d'ions). Le code MI-GI-CHEMIN a été conçu afin de reproduire le mouvement des ions dans un guide d'ions, rempli d'hélium et d'une concentration donnée d'impuretés, incluant des champs électriques et magnétiques. Un premier prototype IGISOL est en cours de réalisation au GANIL.
Salord, Olivier. "Sonde nanométrique d'ions réactifs". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22090.
Testo completoThe work performed during this thesis includes implementation and characterization of a point source of reactive ions for FIB and SIMS systems. This new ion source named MiLICIS (Microscopic Liaquid Ionic Compoud Ion Sourse), combines high brightness with the possibility of emitting reactive ion spies such as cesium. [. . . ]
Lapuerta, Sandrine Moncoffre Nathalie Millard-Pinard Nathalie. "Étude de la corrosion du fer à l'interface de différents milieux (eau, air) soumis à l'irradiation de protons". Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/96/97/PDF/these_S_lapuerta.pdf.
Testo completoCocher, Sylvie. "Effets collectifs d'un faisceau refroidi d'ions lourds dans un anneau de stockage". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112105.
Testo completoCuong, Phan Viet. "Development of a new surface ion-source and ion guide in the ALTO project". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112330.
Testo completoAt the ALTO project of IPN Orsay, as at many others using the ISOL technique for production of intense and pure radioactive beam (RIB), it is crucial, when short-lived isotopes are produced in thick targets, to realize target and ion-source systems with good release properties and high efficiency. Therefore, R & D studies on target and ion source are very important for optimization of the production, selectivity and release of the isotopes of interest. These studies are also needed towards the future SPIRAL-2 and EURISOL nuclear physics facilities. The present work is dedicated to the production of neutron-rich gallium isotopes by the ISOL thick-target technique using photo-fission and a surface ion source. We aim at the study of the structure 82,83,84Ge50,51,52 via the -decay of 82,83,84Ga51,52,53. By this purpose, we focus on the development of a new surface ion-source made from high working function like Rh and Ir. The code written by C++ has been built to simulate the ionization efficiency of different surface ion-source (different materials and dimensions), the result of which was compared with experimental data from CERN. The code can be used to optimize ion source dimensions in future designs. Also, we have performed a test experiment to measure the ionization efficiency of the Rh and Ir-coated Rh for gallium. On the other hand, for future nuclear structure studies of refractory elements such as cobalt or nickel (atomic number Z=27 and 28 respectively), of which it is expected that they may reveal much interesting structure information, the ISOL technique with a thick target is no longer suitable. Indeed, the high melting point of these elements makes it difficult to volatilize as well as release them from a thick target. For such a situation, a technique based on thin targets is needed and the laser ion guide based on a gas cell to thermalize, neutralize and stop the recoiling nuclear reaction products combined with a laser beam to re-ionize them selectively, seems a good choice. However, in order to know whether the technique is fit for ALTO, we need to answer the question as to what the ionization rate is of the buffer gas by the primary electron beam and secondary charges? In other words, what is the ion-electron pair production rate in the gas cell? This is most important since the ionization rate negatively affects the extraction efficiency of the laser ion guide whenever it becomes bigger than 1010. To answer this question, we built a code based on the Geant-4 toolkit to simulate the ionization of the buffer gas. Furthermore, in a move towards the SPIRAL-2 project at GANIL where fission of 238U will be induced by neutrons produced in a carbon converter from a deuteron beam, we also wrote a Geant-4 code to simulate the production of neutrons, the neutron-induced fission and the energy deposit in a gas cell of similar dimensions as the proposed gas cell for ALTO. We likewise performed a simulation for the gas cell at Leuven to compare with published results
Lapuerta, Sandrine. "Étude de la corrosion du fer à l'interface de différents milieux (eau, air) soumis à l'irradiation de protons". Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/96/97/PDF/these_S_lapuerta.pdf.
Testo completoMaunoury, Laurent. "Production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs multicharges pour SPIRAL : Etudes et realisation du premier ensemble cible-source". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470575.
Testo completoMAUNOURY, LAURENT. "Production de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs multicharges pour spiral : etudes et realisation du premier ensemble cible-source". Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN2065.
Testo completoBoussaid, Ramzi. "Etude et développement d'un refroidisseur radiofréquece à gaz tampon pour des faisceaux radioactifs de très hautes intensités". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2039.
Testo completoThe low energy facility DESIR/SPIRAL2 is a second generation installation of radioactive beams. The flows of radioactive ions will require purification at isobaric level of the isotopes. This separation will be made by a high resolution separator (HRS) developed at CENBG. To have the nominal performance the HRS requires a low émittance beam. The only universal technique which can lead to a low émittance beam is the RFQ Cooler with buffer gas. The goal of this Cooler is to reduce the beam émittance to less than and the longitudinal spread energy about 1 eV, using the very high intensity beams ( ). Therefore, the space charge effect is significant to cooling beam degradation. The compensation of this effect requires the high RF voltage and high frequency respectively a few kV and a few MHz. The latter points are what distinguish this Cooler with those who are existing. The RFQ Cooler prototype examined in this thesis, commonly called “SHIRaC”. It was developed so as to transmit at least 60% of ions at very high intensity. The numerical simulations related to the definition of SHIRaC led to find the operating parameters in terms of pressure RFQ, the guiding field and the electrodes voltage of injection and extractions cells. They also allowed choosing and optimizing an electrostatic extraction triplet which adapts the cooling beam to the HRS. At an intensity of 1µamps, the optimum cooling results of 133Cs+ ions are variants: either minimum longitudinal spread energy of 1. 15 eV for a transmission of 21 % or longitudinal spread energy of 4. 67 eV for a transmission of 60 %. The émittance is about. The degradation of longitudinal spread energy is due to contribution of space charge and longitudinal effects. Outside the RFQ, when these two effects act, only the reduction of the second effect is possible. To achieve this reduction we had replace the three electrodes lens of extraction cell by a two electrodes lens. Through the use of this new lens the longitudinal spread energy is reduced of few percents: longitudinal spread energy corresponding to a transmission of 60 % has been reduced to 3. 85 eV. However, his minimum was slightly reduced to 1. 08 eV and the corresponding transmission was increase to 26 %. The émittance is below of. The spectrum masses show the presence of impurities of low weight, less than 55 u. M. A. . The removal of these impurities was made by baking the RFQ chamber causing the reduction of émittance of a few percent. The SPIRAL 2 available beams are intense and radioactive. Thus, it will be indispensable to consider the nuclearization effect on the RFQ Cooler environment. His reduction requires the confinement of nuclear matter inside the RFQ room
Pauwels, Nicolas. "Etude de la production de neutrons rapides a partir de faisceaux de deutons en vue de la mise en oeuvre de faisceaux d'ions lourds radioactifs". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112269.
Testo completoDuval, Florian. "Etudes et conception d’un refroidisseur radiofréquence à gaz-tampon pour des faisceaux radioactifs de haute intensité". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2048.
Testo completoThis project is in the frame of Spiral2 and DESIR. The goal is to reduce beams emittance of Spiral2 beams to allow their purification with a high resolution separator. This cooler consists on a quadrupolar structure on which ions are confined by RF potential in opposite phase at 100eV. Helium is injected in the quadrupole and, after each collision, ion lose a part of its energy and is finally cooled. The main problem concerns the space charge. The existing devices cool current of few 10nA whereas we have to treat intensity around 1μA whose induce more coulombian repulsion between ions. That needs to produce strong RF fields (≈ 1kV/mm). We have worked on a first prototype with a 3mm-inner radius. The main R&D effort concerns the electronic part. A first RF system, based on a LC resonant circuit, has been developed and have provided up to 2500Vpp. We have checked that we didn’t have electrical breakdown between our electrodes. We have reduced beam emittance at a value around 2π. Mm. Mrad at 60keV and the longitudinal energy spread at 146meV. The maximum transmission in 23Na+ and 87Rb+ is 25% with an ionization source for which the beam quality is better than Spiral2. We have conceived a new cooler with an acceptance of 80 π. Mm. Mrad at 60keV. It has a larger inner radius (r0 ≈ 5 mm) and new sets of injection and extraction electrodes. The performances of the RF system have been improved to reach amplitudes up to 7kVpp
Sifi, Rosa. "Ionisation résonante par faisceaux laser : Application aux sources d'ions et à l'étude de la structure des noyaux radioactifs de tellure". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252001.
Testo completoLa naissance du projet ALTO (Accélérateur Linéaire auprès du Tandem d'Orsay) à l'IPN d'Orsay a fait émerger l'idée d'installer une source d'ions laser. A cet effet, une étude de faisabilité a été entreprise avec une installation laser à faible cadence (30 Hz) celle-ci devant être étendue à 20 kHz sur la future installation de faisceaux radioactifs (ALTO). Après un premier faisceau d'étain ionisé avec succès par cette source, nous avons poursuivi l'étude avec un faisceau de cuivre. Nous avons d'abord effectué des tests de schémas d'ionisation du cuivre stable : un schéma vers le continuum et deux schémas vers des états autoionisants voisins. Le schéma le plus efficace commence par une étape d'excitation de longueur d'onde λ1 = 249.2 nm suivie d'une longueur d'onde d'ionisation λ2 = 439.92 nm. Celle-ci correspond à un état autoionisant situé à 62845 cm-1 non connu auparavant et voisin des deux autres états autoionisants sélectionnés au départ. L'efficacité d'ionisation laser avec ce schéma a été mesurée et elle est semblable à celle prédite par la théorie.
L'ionisation résonante par faisceaux laser est également utilisée dans des expériences de spectroscopie auprès de COMPLIS à ISOLDE au CERN. La technique dans ce cas consiste à effectuer un balayage en fréquence autour de la transition d'excitation des atomes pour sonder leur structure hyperfine. Cette étape sera suivie de l'étape d'ionisation pour ioniser les atomes et les détecter. La spectroscopie laser nous permet de déterminer la structure hyperfine et le déplacement isotopique des atomes. Nous avons utilisé cette technique pour étudier les isotopes de tellure sur une longue chaîne isotopique 125m, 127mg, 129mg, 131mg, 132, 133mg, 134, 135 et 136Te. A partir des déplacements isotopiques mesurés nous avons déterminé la variation du rayon carré moyen de charge qui fait apparaître une rupture de pente du rayon de charge à N = 82 : la déformation du noyau diminue jusqu'à N = 82 où elle atteint la sphéricité puis elle augmente au-delà.
La mesure de la structure hyperfine des isotopes impairs de tellure nous a permis de déterminer les constantes de structure hyperfine des isotopes 135 et 133 dans leur état fondamental (Iπ = 7/2- et 3/2+ respectivement) et des isotopes 125, 127, 129, 131 et 133 dans leur état isomérique (Iπ = 11/2-). A partir de ces constantes nous avons extrait les moments nucléaires : µI et Qs. La comparaison des valeurs des moments magnétiques µI expérimentales avec les valeurs de moments existantes dans la littérature mesurées par résonance magnétique nucléaire nous donne un parfait accord.
L'extraction des valeurs des déformations à partir des moments quadrupolaires spectroscopiques en supposant une symétrie axiale conduit à une quasi sphéricité pour tous ces noyaux. Malgré les grandes barres d'erreurs, elles sont semblables aux valeurs des moments quadrupolaires des isotopes d'étain.
Lemasson, Antoine. "Fusion et réactions directes autour de la barrière Coulombienne avec le noyau riche en neutrons 8He". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2051.
Testo completoRadioactive ion beams like 8He, open new possibilities to investigate the influence of new and exotic structures on reaction mechanisms. This thesis presents the first investigations of reactions of the weakly bound, Borromean nucleus, 8He, at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The low intensity of radioactive ion beams (~10^5 pps) necessitated the development of a new sensitive and selective technique for the precise and accurate measurement of fusion cross sections. In the 8He+197Au system, excitation functions for fusion and neutron(s) transfer were measured. In the 8He+65Cu system, differential and integral cross sections for various processes like elastic scattering, neutron transfer and fusion were measured using both, inclusive and exclusive measurements of characteristic gamma-rays, charged particles and neutrons. These experimental results combined with coupled reaction channels calculations demonstrated the inter-connectivity among the various reaction processes. The internal structure of 8He influenced the tunneling process and neutron(s) transfer and interestingly, revealed an unexpected behavior within the Helium isotopic chain. Further, a systematic analysis of the known fusion excitation functions showed that the increase in sub-barrier fusion cross sections associated with the internal structure of nuclei, is in fact much larger for ``normal'' nuclei than for light, weakly-bound ``exotic'' nuclei
Liatard, Éric. "Mesures de sections efficaces totales de réaction avec des faisceaux d'ions lourds stables et radioactifs par la méthode du rayonnement associé". Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10143.
Testo completoBoussaid, Ramzi. "Etude et développement d'un refroidisseur radiofréquence à gaz tampon pour des faisceaux radioactifs de très hautes intensités". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787132.
Testo completoHenares, González Jose. "Study of condensable ion production by resonant laser ionization". Caen, 2016. http://hal.in2p3.fr/tel-01314260.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis describes the development of a Resonant Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) at the GANIL facility. The RILIS is a selective ion source technique which is based on a step-wise resonant excitation process where the elements of interest are ionized via atomic resonant excitation by laser radiation. The off-line RILIS test bench at GANIL consists of three tunable titanium:sapphire lasers and a hot-cavity ion source. In this thesis, a new three-step Zn ionization scheme was developed and the already known ionization schemes for Sn have been compared in order to identify the best ionization scheme for titanium:sapphire laser systems. Furthermore, several configurations of the ion source geometry were tested (two diameters and two lengths) in order to provide an optimal ionization efficiency and ion beam emittance. An increasing of the ionizer diameter was found to enhance the production of laser ionizer elements, while no enhancement was observed by modifying the ionizer length. The time-of-flight of the generated ions was also studied for the different ion source configurations at several temperatures. The time-of-flight can provide information about the ion formation inside the ion source cavity. In addition, a technique to measure the convolution of the spatial and energetic spread of the ion bunches at the detection point was developed. Finally, two contamination reduction techniques were studied: Firstly, the ions trajectories through the ion source cavity can be modified by the electric field generated due to resistive heating. Therefore, a study of the appropriate configuration of the electric field direction was performed to reduce the alkali contamination of the ion beam. Secondly, a low work function material was tested in order to reduce the production of alkali contaminants and molecular sidebands generated inside the ion source
Bouzomita-Zran, Haïfa. "Mesure de précision de la décroissance super-permise de 18Ne". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2035.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on high-precision measurements of the superallowed (0+ -> 0+; T=1) Fermi decay of 18Ne. Low-energy studies of the weak interaction allow one to test both predictions of the Standard Model, and theoretical models that evaluate corrections to the beta decay strength due to the isospin symmetry breaking by charge-dependent nuclear forces. In this work, a precise measurement of the half-life and branching ratio of the superallowed transition were obtained for the decay of 18Ne. The half-life, T1/2 =1. 6635 (20) s, was obtained in a beta decay experiment performed at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF in Canada. The branching ratio, BR = 7. 29 (5) %, was measured with a high precision gamma-ray detector at the SPIRAL facility of GANIL in France. This latter measurement required the development of a dedicated experimental tape station that will allow similar high-precision measurements to be performed in the future with other superallowed emitters and mirror beta decays
Ridikas, D. "Optimisation de combinaisons de faisceau et de cible pour les systèmes de réacteurs hybrides et pour la production de faisceaux radioactifs par fission". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719971.
Testo completoStefan, Gheorghe Iulian. "Spectroscopie par diffusion élastique résonante d'oxygène 15 et nouveau chemin de réaction dans le cycle carbon-azote-oxygène". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2077.
Testo completoIn this work, we developed a general tool for spectroscopic studies of unbound nuclear states. Within this method, the spectroscopic information is obtained using resonant elastic scattering in inverse kinematics. The method applies to both, thin and thick target measurements. The measurements were performed at 0° with respect to the beam axis. We used a thin target for the 4He(15O,α)15O reaction, and a thick one for 1H(15O,p)15O. The second measurement allowed us to obtain, with high accuracy, the properties (energy, spin, parity and level width) of the first states of the unbound 16F. The extracted spectroscopic information was used to estimate the 15O(p,β+)16O reaction rate. The estimated reaction rate is compared to that of 15O(α,γ)19Ne. For the first time the importance of a low energy tail of resonance in the unbound nucleus was shown. The strong hindrance of the proton decay probability due to the influence of the coulomb barrier should be observed in the tail of resonance. Thus the probability of beta decay of 16F to 16O should be enhanced. Furthermore, we proposed an efficient way to populate the low energy tail of the resonance using a γ transition. In this context, 15O(p,γ)(β+)16O and 15O(p,γ)(p,γ)17Ne reactions were analyzed for the first time and compared to the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction rate. Consequences of the above findings on the nucleosynthesis in novae and X-ray bursts are discussed
Lemasson, Antoine. "Fusion et réactions directes autour de la barrière Coulombienne avec le noyau riche en neutrons 8He". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522577.
Testo completoGelin, Marie. "Spectroscopie $\gamma$ des noyaux riches en neutrons autour de N=20". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193046.
Testo completoLes noyaux suivants ont été étudiés: $^{28}$Ne, $^{30-32}$Mg, $^{31-34}$Al, $^{33-35}$Si, $^{35}$P. De nouvelles transitions ont été observées. Les distributions angulaires de rayonnements $\gamma$ ainsi que les les corrélations angulaires $\gamma$-$\gamma$ ont pu être mesurées pour certaines transitions. Une attribution des spins et parités de certains états a ainsi été proposée. En particulier, l'assignation de l'état $3^-$ dans le $^{34}$Si est confirmée et un candidat est proposé pour le second état $0^+$, correspondant à la configuration déformée. Dans le $^{32}$Mg, l'état à 2.321 MeV, pour lequel des attributions contradictioires existent, est vraisemblablement un $4^+$, et nous proposons un candidat pour un état $6^+$.
Duval, F. "Etudes et conception d'un refroidisseur radiofréquence à gaz-tampon pour des faisceaux de hautes intensités". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435557.
Testo completoGuillot, Julien. "Développement de faisceaux radioactifs : Influence de la microstructure d’une cible d’UCx sur les propriétés de relâchement des produits de fission". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS199/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of the research and development program performed at the ALTO facility (Accélérateur Linéaire et Tandem d'Orsay) at the Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO) in order to provide new beams of exotic neutron-rich nuclei, as intense as possible. The production of such beams will allow performing crucial experiments for the advancement of knowledge in the field of nuclear physics. At ALTO, the neutron-rich nuclei are produced by photofission in thick uranium carbide targets. To improve the radioactive beam intensities, in particular those formed by short-lived isotopes, it is necessary to develop dense and porous targets, two properties a priori antagonistic but essential to increase respectively the amount of fission fragments produced and their diffusion out of the target. Recent results obtained in the framework of European projects have demonstrated the possibility to obtain beams of nuclei unreachable up to now using refractory targets with a nanoscaled structure. A systematic study of the manufacturing parameters (grinding and mixing of precursor powders, pressing, thickness, carburization...) led us to develop synthesis protocols of nanostructured targets. Fourteen different samples were produced and their physicochemical properties have been characterized. Then the samples were irradiated with the deuteron beam delivered by the tandem accelerator of the laboratory and the released fractions of about fifteen elements were measured by gamma spectrometry. The statistical analysis of the results, carried out using a multivariate approach, allow us to establish strong correlations between the release properties and some structural properties, namely the porosity (quantity and distribution on small pores), the grain and aggregate size
Tarpanov, Dimitar. "Single-particle and collective excitations in a Skyrme mean field approach". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112208.
Testo completoSubject of the thesis is the theoretical description of effects in neutron rich nuclei, within a self-consistent approach, as well as the investigation of the influence of the shell structure on the Mixed Symmetry States. The scientific goal is, within a microscopic method, to describe the structure and the excitations of atomic nuclei, which are now available at the radioactive ion facilities at GANIL and GSI. The topic of the Mixed Symmetry States investigation is to specify the mechanism by which the microscopic structure influences the F-spin symmetry in vibrational nuclei. In the development of the thesis, a SHF model has been used. An additional tensor term has been explicitly included. Calculations for the isotopic chains Z=14 and Z=50 as well as for the isotonic chains N=28, 82 have been performed. It was shown that the tensor term is indeed crucial for the evolution of the shell gap with the mass number for Z=14. On the other hand, it was proved that the tensor term has no influence on the shell gap for N=28. By the means of QRPA, a systematical study of slightly collective excitations — the so called Pygmy resonance has been done. Theoretically was investigated the appearance of a structure in neutron rich nuclei known as “neutron skin”. In the framework of QPM it was done a complete survey of MSS for nuclei in the N=80 region. For a first time a microscopical description of such structures in this region has been done. In the framework of this model a description of the recent experimental data on low-lying excitations in 138Ce has been done
Tastet, Benoît. "Structure des noyaux de gallium, de germanium et d'arsenic riches en neutrons autour de N=50 et : développement d'une source d'ionisation laser à ALTO". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600335.
Testo completoCheikh, Mhamed Maher. "Production de noyaux exotiques par photofission : le projet ALTO : premiers résultats". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137745.
Testo completoNous avons mené une étude exhaustive de radioprotection pour dimensionner et définir la nature des blindages nécessaires pour faire face aux flux intenses de photons et de neutrons générés dans la cible de production.
Les simulations Monte Carlo avec le code FLUKA nous ont permis de calculer le transport simultané des photons et des neutrons avec une modélisation intégrale des structures géométriques très complexes. Pour l'ensemble cible-source d'ions et les points critiques de pertes de faisceaux, nous proposons des blindages optimisés basés essentiellement sur la structure segmentée.
Nous avons étudié l'adéquation d'une cible épaisse de carbure d'uranium pour la production de noyaux radioactifs riches en neutrons par photofission. En particulier, nous avons montré la validité du code FLUKA pour la photofission avec un faisceau d'électrons de 50 MeV, en comparant les résultats de calculs aux mesures expérimentales réalisées.
Enfin, nous présentons nos travaux de conception et de développement d'un prototype de source d'ions de type FEBIAD destinée aux installations de seconde génération : la source IRENA. Ces travaux montrent à quel point les considérations de radioprotection sont également impliquées dans le développement de la source.
Mejai, Najah. "Évolution microstructurale et transition de phase induites par faisceaux d’ions dans des couches minces épitaxiées d’oxydes de terres rares". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS468/document.
Testo completoAfter doping, the rare earth oxides can acquire interesting optical properties for the optoelectronic devices of the future. These materials can also be used as neutron absorbers in nuclear reactors. Whether during the doping process or in the reactor, these oxides are subjected to irradiation conditions with intense ions. It is important to understand their behavior in this extreme environment. This is the objective of this thesis during which a fundamental study of model materials(epitaxial layers assimilable to single crystals)under ionic irradiation was conducted. The main results show that a phase change, from cubic to monoclinic, occurs under irradiation. This transition, which is not directly driven by the energy deposited by the ions, takes place in several stages linked to distinct microstructural evolutions. Finally, the composition plays a role in the change of structure, gadolinium oxide being more rapidly transformed than Erbium oxide
Annaluru, Arun Tejaswee. "Beam optics transport and fundamental processes involving a charge breeder in the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC218.
Testo completoThe thesis describes with a great deal of details the efforts done to understand the physical processes inside the SPIRAL1 ECR charge breeder. This device accepts the mono-charged ion beams of different masses and charge bred them to higher charge states. In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade, the R&D of charge breeding technique is of primary interest for optimizing the yields of radioactive ion beams (RIBs). In this context, the thesis begins with a theoretical discussion dealing with the different Target Ion Sources (TIS) at upgraded SPIRAL1 facility, Low Energy Beam Transport system and fundamentals of plasma physics relevant for the production of highly charged ions in ECR ion source plasmas. This is followed by description of the technological issues affecting the 1+/N+ charge breeding technique. In the final chapter, the effect of axial magnetic field gradient, position of deceleration tube and 1+ beam emittance were studied to understand their influence on the performance of the SP1 CB (charge breeding efficiency). The optimization of axial magnetic field gradient shows that the charge breeding efficiency is strongly influenced by the variation of the two soft iron rings positions around the permanent magnet hexapole. It has been deduced from the observations that the charge breeding efficiency improves when the emittance of 1+ beam is smaller and the position of deceleration tube is close to the entrance of SP1 CB. At the same time, the charge breeding times of K charge states (1+,2+,4+ and 9+) were estimated by pulsing the injected K^1+ beam. The results from these investigations revealed the optimum SP1 CB tuning parameters that can minimize the value of charge breeding time and maximize the charge breeding efficiency of the high charge states of K.In order to investigate the 1+ ion beam transport (shooting through mode) through the SP1 ECR charge breeder and the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in charge breeding process, several experiments were carried out in the framework of this thesis (the interaction of 1+ ion beam of different masses (Na^+ and K^+) in different background plasma species (He and O_2)). The data from these experiments (potentials, emittance of 1+ beam, deceleration tube position, magnetic field and pressures) were collected and given as inputs to the numerical simulation tools (SIMION, TraceWin and MCBC). The simulations were performed in three steps: i) simulation of the 1+ beam transmission through the breeder to verify the ion losses and showed good agreement with the experimental results. ii) simulation of 1+ beam transmission through a potential map that reflects the presence of the ECR plasma (without collisions) and reproduced the DeltaV curves of 1+ and 2+. It also revealed the role of Coulomb collisions in the charge breeding process leading to a necessary detailed analysis using Monte-Carlo Charge Breeding code (MCBC). iii) MCBC models Coulomb collisions of the injected 1+ ion beam in an ECR plasma and atomic processes which includes ionization and charge exchange. The code finally able to reproduce the low charge state (1+ and 2+) experimental trends by varying each plasma parameter (plasma density, ion temperature and electron temperature) independently. A novel simulation strategy has been developed to estimate the plasma parameters from charge breeding simulations. Finally, Simulations demonstrated that the ion temperature, the plasma density and 1+ ion beam quality as critical parameters influencing the 1+ ion capture and the reasons for the difference in charge breeding efficiencies between Na (in Helium plasma) and K (in Helium and Oxygen plasma) species were discussed
Tastet, Benoît. "Structure des noyaux de gallium, de germanium et d’arsenic riches en neutrons autour de N=50 et : développement d’une source d’ionisation laser à ALTO". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112053/document.
Testo completoDuring this thesis, we have studied β decays of gallium’s nuclei around N=50 and prepared a laser ionization source at ALTO.The production of exotic isotopes has brought new beam production challenges. The one addressed here relates to the elimination of isobar contaminants that create background for experiments. To address this issue a laser ionization source has been developed at ALTO. Copper has been chosen to be the first element to be ionized for physical interests and to compare the results of the laser ionization source with the ones at others facilities. A laser setup has been installed and optimized in order to ionize selectively the atoms of copper produced for experiments. After the optimization, a test of ionization of stable-copper was performed. This test has shown us that the laser system is able to successfully ionize atoms of copper.The studies of the region of the neutron-rich nuclei around N=50 are still to complete. The knowledge of this region is low what does not allow to close off the debates which they are the subject. 79,80,82,83,84,85Ga has been produced using photo-nuclear reactions at the experimental area of the on-line PARRNe mass-separator operating with the ALTO facility. The fission fragments are produced at the interaction of the 50 MeV electron beam delivered by the ALTO linear accelerator with a thick target of uranium in a standard UCx form. The oven is connected to a W ionizer heated up to 2000°C that selectively ionizes alkalies but also elements with low ionization potentials such as Ga. The ions are accelerated through 30 kV and magnetically mass-separated before being implanted on a mylar tape close to the detection setup, so that this system allows us to study β- and β- -n decays of 79,80,82,83,84,85Ga.The data analysis have produced new results concerning the decays of 80Ga, 84Ga and 84Ge. For 80Ga, the existence of an isomeric state has been confirmed and two different half-lives were measured for the ground state and the isomer. Furthermore, the analysis of 84Ga decay confirmed two states and allowed us to propose an other state in the decay of 84Ge. Finally, the comparison between experimental results and theoretical calculations has confirmed the assignment of spin-parity of the first states 2+ and 4+ but also the triaxial property of 84Ge that has been proposed previously. The second state 2+ of this isotope has also been identified. For the states of 84As, the assignment of spins and parities of four states have been proposed and interpreted in terms of configuration mixing
De, roubin Antoine. "Mass measurements of neutron-rich strontium and rubidium isotopes in the A ≈ 100 and development of an electrospray ionization ion source". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0426/document.
Testo completoAn extension of the atomic mass surface in the region A ≈ 100 is performed via massmeasurements of the 100-102Sr and 100-102Rb isotopes with the ion-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAPat CERN-ISOLDE. The first direct mass measurements of 102Sr and 101;102Rb are reported here. Thesemeasurements confirm the continuation of the region of nuclear deformation with the increase of neutronnumber, at least as far as N = 65.In order to interpret the deformation in the strontium isotopic chain and to determine whether an onsetof deformation is present in heavier krypton isotopes, a comparison is made between experimentalvalues and theoretical calculations available in the literature. To complete this comparison, Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for even and odd isotopes are also presented, illustrating the competitionof nuclear shapes in the region.The development of an electrospray ionization ion source is presented. This source can delivera large range of isobaric masses for calibration purposes. The early commissioning of the sourceis discussed, including the results from the first mass scans detected behind the quadrupole massspectrometer. A resolution of a few atomic mass units is reached
Tastet, Benoit. "Structure des noyaux de gallium, de germanium et d'arsenic riches en neutrons autour de N=50 et Développement d'une source d'ionisation laser à ALTO". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621073.
Testo completoChannagiri, Jayanth. "Strain and defects in irradiated materials : a study using X-ray diffraction and diffuse scattering". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0093/document.
Testo completoIon beams are commonly used in the framework of nuclear materials in order to reproduce, in a controlled way, the different sources of irradiation that these materials are submitted to. The interaction of ions with the material induces the formation of crystalline defects along the path of these ions,associated with high strains in the irradiated region. One of the main issues of the electro-nuclearindustry is the encapsulation of the long-term nuclear waste. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is one of the materials that can be used as an inert matrix for the transmutation of actinides and therefore,understanding its behaviour under different conditions of irradiation is of utmost importance.This thesis is divided into two distinct parts. In the first part of this work, we have used advanced X-raydiffraction (XRD) techniques in order to characterize the strain and the damage levels within the irradiated region of the crystals. The strain and the damage profiles were modelled using B-splines functions and the XRD data were simulated using the dynamical theory of diffraction combined with a generalized simulated annealing algorithm. This approach was used to study YSZ single crystals irradiated with Au 2+ ions in a wide range of temperatures and fluences. The results were compared with the RBS/C results obtained for same samples.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a specific model for calculating the two-dimensional XRD intensity from irradiated single crystals with realistic dimensions and defectdistributions. In order to achieve this goal, we have implemented high-performance parallel computing (both multi-processing and GPU-based) to accelerate the calculations. The approach was used to successfully model the reciprocal space maps of the YSZ single crystals which exhibit a complex defect structure
Boukhari, Amar. "Study of the nuclear spin-orientation in incomplete fusion reactions. Measurement of the magnetic moment of the 2⁺ states in ²²Ne and ²⁸Mg". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS596/document.
Testo completoKnowledge of the nuclear magnetic moments is of great importance to get a clear understanding of nuclear structure. The magnetic moment is sensitive to the single-particle nature of the valence nucleons. The development of radioactive beam facilities allows nowadays studying nuclear spins and moments of exotic nuclei which are far from the stability line. However, the measurement of magnetic moments of exotic nuclei produced as radioactive beams requires the development of reliable methods. Successful development of such methods would open up the possibility to discover new nuclear structure phenomena. The study outlined in this thesis is formed by two experiments. The first experiment was performed at ALTO facility in Orsay, France. One of the main requirements in order to measure a nuclear magnetic moment is to produce a spin-oriented ensemble. The latter can be produced by suitable reaction mechanism and nuclear spin interaction with the surrounding environment. The degree of the orientation depends on the formation process and reaction mechanism. The aim of this first experiment was investigating the level of nuclear spin orientation in incomplete fusion reaction mechanism. Two reaction channels were studied, the isomeric states in ⁶⁵mNi (I = 9/2⁺, Eₓ = 1017 keV, T₁/₂ = 26 ns), and ⁶⁶mCu (I = 6⁻, Eₓ = 563 keV, T₁/₂= 600 ns) with Time-Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of obtaining spin alignment in incomplete fusion reaction of an order of 20%. This reaction mechanism, with such an important amount of spin alignment has potential near radioactive beam facilities to study the neutron-rich region with inverse kinematics reactions. The second experiment, and the main part of the thesis was performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. This experiment aimed to obtain high precision g-factor information on a short-lived picosecond state. A new Time Differential Recoil-In-Vacuum (TDRIV) method was applied for the first time using post-accelerated radioactive beams. The g-factor measurement was performed for the first-excited state in ²⁸Mg nucleus (Eₓ = 1474(1) keV, T₁/₂ = 1.2(1) ps). Since the lifetime of the state is of the order of picoseconds, its g-factor can be measured only via the spin precession of the nucleus in an extremely strong magnetic field (kT). Such fields can only be produced at the nucleus by hyperfine interactions. In order to obtain a high precision on a g-factor measurement, a TDRIV calibration experiment was performed with a stable ²²Ne beam. This run allowed testing the system under the same conditions as with radioactive²⁸Mg beam. In addition, using the known g-factor of the first-excited state in ²²Ne allows to determine the absolute target-to-degrader distance so that to decrease the uncertainty and obtain a high precision g-factor measurement. The obtained calibration parameters from the ²²Ne data will be used in the determination of g-factor of ²⁸Mg
Matta, Adrien. "Etude du noyau très riche en neutrons 10He par réaction de transfert d'un proton 11Li(d,3He)". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684544.
Testo completoBoissinot, Simon. "Structure et spectroscopie du noyau exotique d'oxygène 24 par diffusions élastique et inélastiques de proton avec les détecteurs MUST2 à RIKEN". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958441.
Testo completoGuerin, Hugo. "Développement d'un refroidisseur-regroupeur quadripolaire radiofréquence pour PIPERADE et mesure de la demi-vie de 17F". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0306/document.
Testo completoThe future SPIRAL2 installation of GANIL, at Caen, will produce large range of exotic nuclei with very high intensities. Nevertheless, these beams could not be used directly for some high precision studies and will have to be purified first. To achieve this work, teams of CENBG, MPIK (Heidelberg), CSNSM, LPC Caen, GANIL and IPNO develop a double Penning trap in the framework of the PIPERADE project. Because this double Penning-trap needs some shaping work (reduction of transverse emittance and bunching), the CENBG team is in charge of the realisation of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher : the GPIB. This developpement work was the main part of my PhD work, especially for the simulations of this cooler buncher whose results lead us to find a new bunching method and allowed us to approve its mechanical design. We also have an ion source to be able to test both GPIB and Penning trap and I had to reassemble it, to understand it and to characterise it before these tests could be achieved. In a second time I also took part to the analysis of the E622S experiment which aimed to determined precisely the 17F half-life. This work did not lead to a more precise determination of this half-life but we now have some doubts concerning the 2 last measurements and their way to determine the contamination rate of their radioactive samples
Marie-Jeanne, Mélanie. "Investigation des performances d'un élévateur de l'état de charge par ECR à ISOLDE: une étude du scénario 1+ n+ pour les installations ISOL de laprochaine génération". Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363928.
Testo completoChauvin, Nicolas. "LA TRANSFORMATION D'ÉTAT DE CHARGE 1+/n+ POUR L'ACCELERATION DES IONS RADIOACTIFS". Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001315.
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