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Bystrushkin, Sergey Konstantinovich, Victoria Constantinovna Kovalevskaya, Irina Grigorievna Seliverstova, Veronika Gennadievna Khlystova, Arslan Gabtullaevich Biktagirov e Tatyana Anatolievna Horosok. "Influence of Personal Qualities of Studentson the Efficiency of Developing Professional Drawing skills". Siberian Pedagogical Journal, n. 2 (2 maggio 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/1813-4718.2202.06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Problem and purpose. The article actualizes the problem of the influence of the personal qualities of girls studying in the specialty of secondary vocational education “Design” on the effectiveness of mastering professional drawing skills. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the personal qualities of girls studying in the specialty of secondary vocational education “Design” on the effectiveness of mastering professional drawing skills. Methodology. The work used methods of empirical research of personal qualities: the dominant perceptual modality, types of thinking, the level of creativity, as well as statistical and comparative methods of analysis. Studying the problem of the influence of personal qualities on the efficiency of mastering graphic skills allows solving the problems of developing the creative potential of innate personality inclinations, on the basis of which students master professional skills of visual activity. In the context of secondary vocational education, the study of the influence of students’ personal qualities on the successful mastering of professional skills becomes a decisive factor in solving educational problems of improving professional skills. The results of the study show that the beneficial, educational influence of parents in the family contributes to the development of the creative potential of such personal qualities as: confidence, emotional lability, contact and social activity. These socio-psychological qualities, in combination with the dominant visual-kinesthetic system of sensory perception and the creative potential of imaginative thinking and creativity, serve as the basis for the effective development of professional drawing skills in a professional training environment. Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was found that the formation of personal qualities, studying girls designers, is due to innate inclinations: the dominant visual-kinesthetic system of sensory perception, the creative potential of imaginative thinking and creativity. Favorable, educational influence of parents and positive relationships in the family, contribute to the development of students: confidence, emotional lability, contact and social activity, necessary in the development of professional drawing skills.
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Almowallad, Sanaa, Leena S. Alqahtani e Mohammad Mobashir. "NF-kB in Signaling Patterns and Its Temporal Dynamics Encode/Decode Human Diseases". Life 12, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2022): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12122012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Defects in signaling pathways are the root cause of many disorders. These malformations come in a wide variety of types, and their causes are also very diverse. Some of these flaws can be brought on by pathogenic organisms and viruses, many of which can obstruct signaling processes. Other illnesses are linked to malfunctions in the way that cell signaling pathways work. When thinking about how errors in signaling pathways might cause disease, the idea of signalosome remodeling is helpful. The signalosome may be conveniently divided into two types of defects: phenotypic remodeling and genotypic remodeling. The majority of significant illnesses that affect people, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and many types of mental illness, appear to be caused by minute phenotypic changes in signaling pathways. Such phenotypic remodeling modifies cell behavior and subverts normal cellular processes, resulting in illness. There has not been much progress in creating efficient therapies since it has been challenging to definitively confirm this connection between signalosome remodeling and illness. The considerable redundancy included into cell signaling systems presents several potential for developing novel treatments for various disease conditions. One of the most important pathways, NF-κB, controls several aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, is a key modulator of inflammatory reactions, and has been widely studied both from experimental and theoretical perspectives. NF-κB contributes to the control of inflammasomes and stimulates the expression of a number of pro-inflammatory genes, including those that produce cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB is essential for controlling innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells’ survival, activation, and differentiation. As a result, aberrant NF-κB activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory illnesses. The activation and function of NF-κB in relation to inflammatory illnesses was covered here, and the advancement of treatment approaches based on NF-κB inhibition will be highlighted. This review presents the temporal behavior of NF-κB and its potential relevance in different human diseases which will be helpful not only for theoretical but also for experimental perspectives.
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Boccio, Rachel. "“What Sort of Man Was Wakefield?”: Selfhood and Sovereignty in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Twice-told Tale". Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 45, n. 2 (dicembre 2019): 130–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/nathhawtrevi.45.2.0130.
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ABSTRACT That individuals hold power and property in their own person is a core tenet of liberal philosophy, which is grounded in, among other concepts, Romantic theories of sacrosanct, interior vitality. Even so, sovereigntist thinking, particularly about human agency, nearly always fails to account for inherent inequalities and fundamental unresolved questions about how selves come to be understood as free. This essay contributes to the broader study of nineteenth-century sovereignty by analyzing a specific set of sovereigntist assumptions in Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1835 short story “Wakefield.” It reveals how privacy (viewed through Wakefield's attempt to be alone) and surveillance (as the narrator's penetrating authority) operated in Hawthorne's time as bases for different varieties of people: self-sovereigns with innate ability, free agency, and determining power, and non-agential, allegorical types, those yoked to social webs and adjusted by outside forces. Making use of the unique metafictional elements of “Wakefield,” the essay draws from literary criticism as it seeks to assert literature's significance within the broader, interdisciplinary study of sovereignty.
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Sadova, Myroslava. "Self-determination about the future profession of young children with different kinds of gifted gift". Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Psychological Sciences, n. 1(20) (2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2078-2128-2020-20-1-54-59.
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The article analyzes the problem of self-determination regarding the future profession of young children with different types of talents (academic, creative, intellectual). Self-determination regarding the future profession is the main prerogative of student development. If we consider the category of gifted students, their self-determination may not be easy, because teachers, psychologists, social workers will deal with "special" children who belong to the group "at risk". We call gifted children "special" because their psychological qualities can be extremely unstable to external stimuli. Such children have difficulty adapting, are often hated by others, do not understand peers because they are gifted. Theoretical and methodological analysis of self-determination regarding the future profession of young children with different types of talents (academic, intellectual, creative) allows to record several theories and approaches, namely: the concept of "productive" thinking M. Galchenko, typology of professional self-determination E. Klimov, the concept of psychology B. Tsukanov, the concept of professional development of future psychologists J. Verna, the theory of intelligence A. Binet, the concept of gifted famous dynasties F. Galton, the concept of self-realization A. Maslow, the theory of intelligence J. Guilford, the concept of emotional intelligence O. Chebykin, the concept of intelligence D Wexler, J. Holland's concept of professional self-determination and no. The definition of physical, social and emotional intelligence is given. Physical intelligence - innate, from the standpoint of inclinations is argued as generally introduced into science. Emotional intelligence, from our point of view, is a type of intellectual ability that allows a person to control their emotions, where to restrain them, to tolerate them in verbal color in order to interest the interlocutor. Social intelligence is due to the fact that a person in social contacts with people finds different ways out of difficult situations. Differential differences between the following concepts are given: abilities, inclinations, intellect, convergent and divergent thinking, giftedness, genius.
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Jeon, Seung Joon, Jae Hoon Yoo e Ri Hyun Shin. "Analysis of Differences in Job Commitment and Workplace Adaptation by MBTI Personality Type in the Aviation Field". Information 27, n. 1 (15 marzo 2024): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47880/inf2701-03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the case of aviation workers, they enroll in a related department and acquire a license. And they get a job in aviation field. MBTI is a self-report personality type test developed by additionally combining judgment and cognitive functions. It is a personality measurement tool developed to objectively and scientifically grasp in individual’s innate personality type. And it is most frequently used worldwide in career counseling, mental health, psychotherapy, education, and corporate personnel organization. MBTI personality type is composed four indexes, and is classified into extraversion, introversion, sensing, intuition, thinking, feeling, judging, and perceiving. And a total of 16 personality types are classified by combining these eight preferences. A limitation of the MBTI test is its subjective measurement based on questionnaires. Therefore, in a given situation, variables can act according to mood. In addition, intentional manipulation based on repeated measurement experience is possible., However, it is a commonly used indicator. Therefore, it is possible to check which personality type suits which job well and the career path according to the type. The purpose of the study is to diagnose MBTI personality type of aviation workers and to analyze the relationship between job commitment and workplace adaptation to each type. Key Words: MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), Job Commitment, Workplace Adaptation, Personality Type, Aviation Worker
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Can, Derya. "Different Types of Subitizing Activity: A Teaching Experiment with Preconservers". Acta Educationis Generalis 11, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2021-0020.
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Abstract Introduction: Subitizing, a quick apprehension of the numerosity of a small set of items, is consistently utilized to support early number understanding. Perceptual subitizing is the innate ability to recognize less than five items without consciously using other mental or mathematical processes. Conceptual subitizing, which requires higher-level abilities, means perceiving the quantities as groups and performing a mental process on them. Research on conceptual and perceptual subitizing indicates some limitations about the activities regarding the children’s early number development. So, MacDonald and Wilkins (2016) developed a framework that explained the types of activities that young children used while subitizing. In this framework, five sets of perceptual subitizing activity were described to explain how young children’s perceptual subitizing activity changed. Besides, two types of conceptual subitizing activities were defined to explain how children’s limited or flexible number understanding related to their subitizing activity. These seven different types of activities characterize the changes in children’s subitizing actions. The study aims to investigate the relationship between children’s number understanding and subitizing activity. Methods: A teaching experiment was conducted with two preschool-aged children to analyze what perceptual and conceptual processes children relied upon when subitizing. The teaching experiment consisted of twenty-six sessions. The interviews were conducted to determine whether children are able to conserve numbers or not, and whether they rely on a variety of different types of subitizing activity or not. After the interviews, 26 teaching sessions were carried out with two preconserver children. Results: In the experimental process, it was observed that the children rely on the color of items, the gap between items, and symmetrical aspects of items when perceptually subitizing. However, they could not manage to transition their subitizing activity from perceptual to conceptual subitizing. The study indicates that children’s subitizing skills were closely related to their number conservation development. Discussion: Based on the findings from this study, for Eren and Beren, subitizing activities were found to be perceptually limited. Specifically, it was found that four types of perceptual subitizing emerged to explain how symmetry, the gap between items, color of items, and canonical patterns promoted strategies that children relied on when constructing number understanding. During the teaching experiment, although these children carried out the activities that required the separating and combining numbers and seeing the relationship between the subgroups and the composite groups, they used perceptual units in this process. The relationship between the number conservation activity and the conceptual subitizing activity requires the coordination of thinking structures related to both ordering and classification. However, it was found that the children could not move from perceptual to the conceptual subitizing. Limitations: As all studies have some limitations, this study has, too. One of the limitations of the study is the sample size/number of participants. But teaching experiments aim to get a deep understanding, studying with a small sample is an obligation. Secondly, this study focused on some compounds of subitizing such as perceptual and conceptual ones. Conclusion: In order to make the transition from perceptual subitizing to conceptual subitizing children should have more experiences with subitizing activities.When designing mathematical games and assessments for young children, being aware of different types of subitizing categories may provide better support children’s number understanding and subitizing.
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Aithal, P. S., e Suresh Kumar P. M. "Theory A for Optimizing Human Productivity". IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 4, n. 3 (28 settembre 2016): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v4.n3.p2.
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<div><p><em>Optimizing human productivity is a challenging process for the organizations and this process involves getting the best performance from employees within the organizational constraints. Even though the performance of human resources in organizations mainly depend on technology and external environment, ways of thinking individually and by teams, and humanistic orientation are important. Various models are used in developing a strategy to improve the people’s performance in organizations. Such for example, are theory X, theory Y and theory A. All these in common are based on presumptions about the human behaviour at work. Theory X and Y are opposing each other in predicting human nature. Theory X describes human nature as lazy, dislikes work and avoids, lacks responsibility, seeks security, lack of ambition and therefore should be forced, controlled, threatened or closely supervised to get work. Theory Y believes in the exercise of self-direction and self-control investing faith in individual potential, imagination, creativity and its application to work. Against this is theory A which focuses innate human potential, inherent urge for creativity, self-expression and contribution to the organization as motivators. As such, managers have to transform average employee to real performers using role models and self-exploration. This paper attempts to compare factors affecting organizational performance in all these aforesaid theories. It also details a set of model operational steps in introducing the theory of accountability. It also makes a SWOC analysis of theory A and its application to different types of organizations.</em></p></div>
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Mottiar, Ziene. "Exploring the motivations of tourism social entrepreneurs". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, n. 6 (13 giugno 2016): 1137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2014-0278.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations of social entrepreneurs. It explores the case of the Gathering in Ireland in 2013, when against a backdrop of recession, the national Government encouraged individuals and communities to organize events and invite the Diaspora to visit Ireland as a way of helping the country to revitalize. Some 5,000 events took place across the country during the year, and this paper examines this in the context of social entrepreneurship. Three research questions are posed: Who were these tourism and social entrepreneurs who organized events as a result of the Gathering? What motivated them to engage in these activities? Will this social entrepreneurship activity be maintained beyond 2013 and how has it been impacted by the Gathering? Design/methodology/approach The empirical research was conducted in two counties in Ireland, Co. Kerry and Co. Westmeath. The research tools used were key informant interviews, a survey of event organizers and focus groups. Findings Key findings show that the Gathering has resulted in the emergence of new social entrepreneurs, but it has also had a positive impact on those who had run their events before, as it made them be more strategic in the way they planned and ran their event and also resulted in them thinking about these events in terms of tourists rather than just the local community. They also developed new skills which will aid their future development. It is clear that social entrepreneurs can play a fundamental role in the development of tourism destinations, and this is an important topic for researchers in tourism to be concerned about. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the fact that it addresses the issue of motivation of social entrepreneurs and challenges us to think more about how these types of entrepreneurs identify the problem that they will address. Furthermore, this case shows that the motivation for such action can be prompted by a national strategy, rather than as the literature heretofore represented it as an innate motivation that materialized and developed within particular individuals.
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Shea, Nicholas. "New thinking, innateness and inherited representation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, n. 1599 (5 agosto 2012): 2234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0125.
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The New Thinking contained in this volume rejects an Evolutionary Psychology that is committed to innate domain-specific psychological mechanisms: gene-based adaptations that are unlearnt, developmentally fixed and culturally universal. But the New Thinking does not simply deny the importance of innate psychological traits. The problem runs deeper: the concept of innateness is not suited to distinguishing between the New Thinking and Evolutionary Psychology. That points to a more serious problem with the concept of innateness as it is applied to human psychological phenotypes. This paper argues that the features of recent human evolution highlighted by the New Thinking imply that the concept of inherited representation , set out here, is a better tool for theorizing about human cognitive evolution.
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Marshall, Paul. "Two Types of Rights". Canadian Journal of Political Science 25, n. 4 (dicembre 1992): 661–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900004443.
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AbstractThe expression “human rights” is used currently to denote two distinct items: one is a guarantee given in positive law; the other is a moral claim purportedly innate to human beings. These two items commonly are conflated, implying that they have a necessary connection. Historically they do not; positive human rights have been defended by those with no concept of innate rights, while believers in extensive innate rights have argued for limited positive rights. The defence of positive rights of the type now found in international treaties would be served by distinguishing it from justifications of the contention that human beings have rights.
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Sisson, Philip. "Exploring Elegant and Practical Explanation Age® Concepts: KM as Learning". European Conference on Knowledge Management 24, n. 2 (5 settembre 2023): 1219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.24.2.1680.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: This paper reviews the elegant and practical concepts developed by John Lewis in The Explanation Age® by expanding the summary from Sisson’s 2023 Unified Theory of Knowledge Management dissertation literature review. Approach: The integrated concepts are discussed individually, as well as in relation to their implications. Contents: The Explanation Age redirects thinking with Option Outlines™, providing a means to develop and document why answers into decision-making with transparency. It introduces the unified Innate Lesson Cycle™ change model, which explains the difference between conditioning and determination to develop better answers. Based on neuroscience, Story Thinking™ recognizes that everything is in a story (unlike storytelling, which communicates only about the past and envisions the future). Story Thinking provides an approach to better execute the innate lesson cycle. The 8 Degrees of Reason™ and The Symbiotic Table of Knowledge™ provide underpinnings for the accepted endpoints for answers. Findings: The Explanation Age and Story Thinking support Lewis’s viewpoint of Knowledge Management as learning. Story Thinking can lead to transformational leadership results through collaboration. Lewis’s constructs provide an alternate view to the forensic knows, Aristotle’s causes, and Sisson and Ryan’s (2015; 2017) “11 things we know” (Sisson, 2023, figure 6-2). Research limitations: Since their 2008 inception, new implications of Explanation Age concepts continue to surface. Practical implications: Lewis’s concepts provide useful constructs for thinking and understanding learning from a KM perspective. Option Outlines provide a way to document why. “The Innate Lesson Cycle describes the phases of lesson-based learning, for both” experiential (Kolb) and rote (Skinner) learning (Lewis and Sisson, 2016; Sisson, 2023) making their concepts more useful. Story Thinking—as a practical operational strategy—extends the implementation capabilities of the Innate Lesson Cycle and provides an approach for transformational leadership. Social implications: Story Thinking as an operational concept provides new ways to identify innovative ideas and facilitate change. Sensemaking and transparency in decision-making (missing in the fundamental models used by institutions, such as agile, education, healthcare, and policy) are the basis for this (the only complete) descriptive model of change.
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Grecu, Valentin. "Investigating Critical Thinking Among Engineering Students in Romania". Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Technical Series 75, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucts-2023-0003.
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Abstract This paper delves into the factors and ramifications of critical thinking among engineering students in Romania. Critical thinking, defined as the ability to analyze and evaluate information logically and creatively, is a key focus. The study seeks to address several research questions, including the nature of critical thinking as an innate gift or learned skill, variations in critical thinking by gender, year of studies, education, and life satisfaction, and the relationship between critical thinking and human logic. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of formal education in Romania on the development of critical thinking.
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LEONTIEV, A. N. "Lecture 35. Types of Thinking. Thinking and Sensory Cognition". Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 43, n. 5 (ottobre 2005): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610405.2005.11059264.
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Corazón, Rafael. "Naturaleza de las ideas innatas cartesianas". Anuario Filosófico 26, n. 1 (4 ottobre 2018): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/009.26.29937.
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Innate ideas are not objective ideas which have ceased to be doubtful. They are not ideas of attributes or modes but rather true realities. Therefore, they are simple, clear, and distinct. These ideas are not possible to analyze. Innate ideas are not conceived when thinking of "something" but when the real world is felt. Therefore, they correspond with objective ideas.
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Akira, Shizuo. "Innate immunity and adjuvants". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, n. 1579 (12 ottobre 2011): 2748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0106.
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Innate immunity was for a long time considered to be non-specific because the major function of this system is to digest pathogens and present antigens to the cells involved in acquired immunity. However, recent studies have shown that innate immunity is not non-specific, but is instead sufficiently specific to discriminate self from pathogens through evolutionarily conserved receptors, designated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Indeed, innate immunity has a crucial role in early host defence against invading pathogens. Furthermore, TLRs were found to act as adjuvant receptors that create a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and to have important roles in the induction of adaptive immunity. This paradigm shift is now changing our thinking on the pathogenesis and treatment of infectious, immune and allergic diseases, as well as cancers. Besides TLRs, recent findings have revealed the presence of a cytosolic detector system for invading pathogens. I will review the mechanisms of pathogen recognition by TLRs and cytoplasmic receptors, and then discuss the roles of these receptors in the development of adaptive immunity in response to viral infection.
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Hausman, Alan, e David Hausman. "Descartes’s Secular Semantics". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22, n. 1 (marzo 1992): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1992.10717272.
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… if we bear well in mind the scope of our senses and what it is exactly that reaches our faculty of thinking by way of them, we must admit that in no case are the ideas of things presented to us by the senses just as we form them in our thinking. So much so that there is nothing in our ideas which is not innate to the mind or the faculty of thinking, with the sole exception of those circumstances which relate to experience, such as the fact that we judge that this or that idea which we now have immediately before our mind refers to a certain thing situated outside us. We make such a judgment not because these things transmit the ideas to our mind through the sense organs, but because they transmit something which, at exactly that moment, gives the mind occasion to form these ideas by means of the faculty innate to it. Nothing reaches our mind from external objects through the sense organs except certain corporeal motions… in accordance with my own principles. But neither the motions themselves nor the figures arising from them are conceived by us exactly as they occur in the sense organs, as I have explained at length in my Optics. Hence it follows that the very ideas of the motions themselves and of the figures are innate in us. The ideas of pains, colors, sounds and the like must be all the more innate if, on the occasion of certain corporeal motions, our mind is to be capable of representing them to itself, for there is no similarity between these ideas and the corporeal motions.
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Koshelev, Alexey D. "Name as an innate linguistic property". Journal of Psycholinguistic, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2023-57-3-128-141.
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The article shows that the child learns the names of objects from the input only because the property of an object to have a name is innate for the child. According to recent experiments by S. Waxman et al., 6-month-old infants, hearing adults consistently call different objects with one word, spontaneously form a subject category from them. This result indicates a very early influence of speech on the cognition of infants, which clearly contradicts the classical position (V. Stern, L.S. Vygotsky) that speech and thinking have different genetic roots. Therefore, they initially develop separately in a child and only after a year and a half they connect. To explain the new results, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in the article: speech and thinking have a single genetic root, since the name of an object is initially included as a special sensory (acoustic) characteristic among its sensory characteristics (visual, acoustic, tactile, etc.). In view of this, the mental representation of the object has the form: “perceptual Image of the object + its Name”. It is assumed that when infants perceive similar objects and hear that they are called the same word, for example, they see different dogs and hear the phrase This is a dog every time, instances of this structure are concretized in their minds: “Dog image 1 + dog”, “Dog image 2 + dog” etc. As a result, a set of different images of dogs with the same name dog is collected in their memory. Following the property of an innate name – to name identical objects, – infants combine these instances into one category – Dogs and build a typical image – the Form from specific Images. As a result, the concept “DOG = Form of dog + dog” appears in the memory of infants. Thus, it explains how early infant categories and concepts are formed with the help of names. Next, experimental data supporting this hypothesis are considered.
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Gasteiger, Georg, Andrea D'Osualdo, David A. Schubert, Alexander Weber, Emanuela M. Bruscia e Dominik Hartl. "Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players". Journal of Innate Immunity 9, n. 2 (23 dicembre 2016): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453397.
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Innate immunity is a rapidly evolving field with novel cell types and molecular pathways being discovered and paradigms changing continuously. Innate and adaptive immune responses are traditionally viewed as separate from each other, but emerging evidence suggests that they overlap and mutually interact. Recently discovered cell types, particularly innate lymphoid cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are gaining increasing attention. Here, we summarize and highlight current concepts in the field, focusing on innate immune cells as well as the inflammasome and DNA sensing which appear to be critical for the activation and orchestration of innate immunity, and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treating autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious diseases.
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Zhang, Li-fang. "Thinking styles and personality types revisited". Personality and Individual Differences 31, n. 6 (ottobre 2001): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00189-6.
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., Nirmala, e Seema Dhawan. "COOPERATIVE LEARNING: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR STUDENT’S THINKING STYLE". SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 8, n. 65 (25 marzo 2021): 14969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v8i65.1340.
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The features of thinking processes as well as styles of thinking are embodied in a person's innate tendency in processing information, which is referred to as thinking style. In all aspects of social interactions, it is critical to understand a person's thinking style. It has been reported in the literature that if a person understands his/her thinking style, he/she determines which function they can perform better in the team. However, once the group’s thinking style is established, the team will work more motivated, energized and make better decisions. Therefore, the team work or the cooperative learning approach has a close association with the thinking style of the members. In the present paper, an effort is taken to study the thinking Style of Students of higher secondary schools of Dehradun district and to compare the thinking style of the students who are learning with the Cooperative Learning method and with the Traditional Method. The findings indicate that cooperative learning method is effective than the traditional method.
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Berent, Iris, Melanie Platt e Gwendolyn M. Sandoboe. "People’s Intuitions About Innateness". Open Mind 3 (ottobre 2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00029.
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Few questions in science are as controversial as the origins of knowledge. Whether knowledge (e.g., “objects are cohesive”) is partly innate has been debated for centuries. Here, we ask whether our difficulties with innate knowledge could be grounded in human cognition itself. In eight experiments, we compared reasoning about the innateness of traits that capture knowledge (cognitive traits) with noncognitive (sensorimotor and emotive) traits. Experiments 1–4 examined adult and infant traits; Experiment 5 presented detailed descriptions of published infant experiments. Results showed that people viewed cognitive traits as less likely to be innate in humans—the stronger the association with “thinking,” the lower the rating for “innateness.” Experiments 6–8 explored human, bird, and alien traits that were presented as innate. Participants, however, still considered cognitive traits as less likely to emerge spontaneously (i.e., be innate). These results show that people are selectively biased in reasoning about the origins of knowledge.
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Schellens, T., H. Van Keer, B. De Wever e M. Valcke. "Tagging thinking types in asynchronous discussion groups: effects on critical thinking". Interactive Learning Environments 17, n. 1 (marzo 2009): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10494820701651757.
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Lesseig, Kristin, Stephanie Casey, Debra Monson, Erin E. Krupa e Maryann Huey. "Developing an Interview Module to Support Secondary PST's Noticing of Student Thinking". Mathematics Teacher Educator 5, n. 1 (settembre 2016): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteaceduc.5.1.0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Effective mathematics teaching involves eliciting and interpreting student thinking, and then using students' current understandings as a basis for instruction. Research indicates these skills are not innate but can be acquired through structured experiences. In this article, we describe the development and implementation of an interview module aimed at supporting secondary preservice teachers' ability to elicit and use evidence of student thinking. Analysis of preservice teachers' noticing of student thinking across components of the interview module demonstrated positive benefits of the assignment. We share our design considerations and results, and offer potential adaptations to the module for other mathematics methods instructors interested in using the module to develop secondary preservice teachers' ability to notice student thinking.
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Abdullah, Ahmad Badri, e Shahino Mah Abdullah. "Environmental Fitrah in the Light of a Systematic Approach to Shariah and Science". ICR Journal 8, n. 3 (15 luglio 2017): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v8i3.178.
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In the context of global warming and world climate change, Muslim nations across the globe are no exception in grappling with catastrophic and multifaceted environmental crises. In dealing with this phenomenon, Muslim scholars have been promoting a laudable principle of environmental preservation (hifz al-bi’ah) via the maqasid al-shariah, however not without unresolved ambiguities with regard to its actual focus and real implementation. This article provides an alternative conception of environmental preservation by drawing a connection to the well-established Shariah’s objective of preserving fitrah. While the mainstream discourse of preserving fitrah primarily deals with humans innate dispositions, this article suggests its expansion to a wider scope of nature’s innate properties, drawn upon from the resource of scientific discourse in systems thinking. Through a comparative analysis on Islamic sources and systems thinking literatures on nature, the article proposes that natures ability to sustain life through systemic interconnections, constitutes the important aspect of fitrah that necessitates preservation, even enhancement. Finally, through the suggested conception of environmental fitrah, the article discusses some pressing issues of Genetically Modified (GM) foods, and climate change in order to delineate the feasibility of systems thinking approach that may lead to reasonable policy recommendations.
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Surya Adnyana, Komang, Ni Putu Kusuma Widiastuti e I. Wayan Suastra. "PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PARADIGMA BARU MELALUI PENGUATAN BERFIKIR KRITIS PADA SISWA SD DI KELAS TINGGI". Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Flobamorata 3, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2022): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51494/jpdf.v3i2.681.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Problem solving skills, creative thinking and critical thinking have become the center of attention of educators, researchers, entrepreneurs, and the mass media for several years. This can be seen from the fact that critical thinking skills will determine a person's endurance/competitiveness in recognizing to be the best because it will increase the competitive power of the individual, according to the opinion that critical thinking skills have been recognized as important skills for successful learning, and working in the 21st century (A person who has critical skills and good communication skills will adapt well to changes in the academic context and the world of work. Critical thinking is an important ability for students, so critical thinking becomes one of the activities that must be developed and taught in the world of work). every subject, because the ability to think is not innate and does not develop naturally. The method in this study uses the literature review method by examining curriculum development through critical thinking learning
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Genova, Judith. "Women and the Mismeasure Of Thought". Hypatia 3, n. 1 (1988): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00058.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent attempts by the neurological and psychological communities to articulate thought differences between women and men continue to mismeasure thought, especially women's thought. To challenge the claims of hemispheric specialization and lateralization studies, I argue three points: 1) given more sophisticated biological models, brain researchers cannot assume that differences, should they exist, between women and men are purely a result of innate structures; 2) the distinction currently being drawn between verbal/spatial thinking abilities is fraught with ideological commitments that undermine the intelligibility of the distinction; 3) the model of thinking as information processing which underlies all this research confuses thinking with internal processing strategies.
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Cohrssen, Caroline, Ben De Quadros-Wander, Jane Page e Suzana Klarin. "Between the Big Trees: A Project-based Approach to Investigating Shape and Spatial Thinking in a Kindergarten Program". Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, n. 1 (marzo 2017): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.1.11.
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SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN'S EMERGING mathematical thinking is a characteristic of high-quality early childhood education. Young children's spatial thinking, an important component of mathematical thinking, is both innate and influenced by experience. Since spatial thinking contributes to children's mathematical thinking, it is important for children to engage in activities that support this learning. Early childhood educators are calling for guidance in how to support children's mathematical thinking in the context of an informal curriculum. In this paper, we describe how a project-based approach to mathematics teaching and learning provided a range of opportunities for children to investigate and rehearse understandings of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) shapes and spatial thinking within the context of a project that was of ‘real world’ interest to the children. By intentionally embedding multiple opportunities for children to explore shapes and spatial thinking in a sequence of core learning experiences and complementary experiences, educators provided children with opportunities to rehearse shape and spatial concepts and related language in differing ways. Opportunities for formative assessment of children's learning are also discussed.
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Naeem, Dr Muhammad. "Discourse Analysis of Binary Thinking in Urdu Novel". DARYAFT 14, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v14i2.275.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Binary thinking is a way of understanding the world around. It is used to oversimplify the complex situations and reality. Dichotomous way of thinking usually uses an innate hierarchy of the tow objects or situations it makes binary of Urdu Novel since its inception used binary opposites to foreground the characters it likes or dislikes. In this article Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used as a method to underscore the binary thinking in Urdu Novel. The article maps the social conditions of discourse and shows how these conditions were determining the discourse of Urdu Novel. Urdu Novel made many binaries of characters, social categories and race etc. Only two binaries, i.e. same gender and race are analyzed here.
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ISMAIL, MD JAIS, AZU FARHANA ANUAR e MOHD SHAM KAMIS. "DIVERGENT THINKING IN MUSICALLY GIFTED PRACTICES: A REVIEW". Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, n. 5 (8 dicembre 2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v1i5.22.
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Divergent thinking is one of the criteria that needed in digging knowledge. It, furthermore, is identified as an innate element and implanted in every gifted individual’s identity especially those who are musically talented. Divergent thinking is nurtured through giftedness features that existed in a gifted individual, including a unique neurological system. This study is to provide understanding towards the process of divergent thinking that happen in musically gifted minds. This study is to review the evolution of a creativeness in gifted practices with the exploration on neurology paradigm. This study also proposed a stringent interpretation on how musically gifted individuals think and the importance of divergent thinking to stimulate creative domains. An exploration towards this matter will ensure understanding between gifted and musically gifted individuals to make a good consequence for their future.
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Tarigan, Medianta, Luluatnul Luluatnul, Tiara Maulida e Anastasia Wulandari. "KEPRIBADIAN, GAYA BERPIKIR, GAYA PEMECAHAN MASALAH, DAN GAYA PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN". Proyeksi 14, n. 2 (20 novembre 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.14.2.126-138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research was conducted to investigate the contributions between personality, thinking style, problem solving style, and decision making style. 301 productive age people (25-44 years old) participated in this study. The researchers used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) short version, the Gregorc Delineator Style (GDS), VIEW: Assessment of Problem Solving Style, and General Decision Making Style (GDMS). The analysis was performed using the multinomial regression analysis method. The results showed that thinking style is influenced by personality in which several aspects of personality affect several types of thinking styles. Problem solving styles are influenced by thinking styles where several types of thinking styles affect several types of problem solving styles. Decision making style is influenced by thinking style where several types of thinking style affect several types of decision making style. And there is no influence of the problem solving style on the overall decision making style, but several types of problem solving styles affect several types of decision making styles.
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Park, Hyun Jung, Sung Won Lee, Yun Hoo Park, Tae-Cheol Kim, Sujin Lee, Seyeong Lee, Luc Van Kaer e Seokmann Hong. "In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice". Molecules 28, n. 15 (31 luglio 2023): 5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155779.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymosan (β-1,3-glycosidic linkage) and pustulan (β-1,6-glycosidic linkage) to investigate their in vivo effects on innate memory immune responses. We examined the changes of innate memory-related markers in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, two immune cell types that display innate memory characteristics, at two different time points (16 h and 7 days) after β-glucan stimulation. We found that short-term (16 h) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate IL15 production and increased surface IL15Rα expression on NK cells. In addition, long-term (7 days) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate the expression of innate memory-related markers (e.g., TNFα, HIF1α, and mTOR) and induced NK cells to express enhanced levels of KLRG1, known as an innate memory-like marker. Our results provide support that zymosan can be an effective adjuvant to promote innate memory immune responses, providing a bridge between innate and adaptive immune cells to enhance various immune responses such as those directed against tumors.
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Yamagata, Tetsuya, Christophe Benoist e Diane Mathis. "A Shared Gene-Expression Signature in Innate-Like Lymphocytes." Blood 106, n. 11 (16 novembre 2005): 3903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3903.3903.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Innate and adaptive immunity are the two major arms of the immune system. They rely on very distinct cell-types, primarily distinguished by the source of diversity for non-self recognition, of germline or somatic origin. There exists, however, a subset of lymphocytes whose receptors require rearrangement but result in semi-invariant structures with a high degree of self-specificity. We hypothesized that these innate-like lymphocytes might share a common gene transcription signature. To test this notion, we made pair-wise comparisons of the gene-expression profiles of innate-like lymphocytes and closely paired adaptive system counterparts (NKT vs. CD4T, CD8ααT vs. CD8αβT, B1 vs. B2), and bioinformatically extracted common features and common genes distinguishing innate from adaptive cell-types. A statistically significant “innate signature” was indeed distilled, composed of a small set of genes over- and under-expressed in innate vs. adaptive lymphocytes. Particularly intriguing was the high representation of interferon-inducible GTPases crucial for resistance against intracellular pathogens, and of small G proteins involved in intracellular vacuole maturation and trafficking. Overall, this combined expression pattern can thus be designated as an “innate signature” among lymphocytes.
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Oberai, Himani, e Ila Mehrotra Anand. "Unconscious bias: thinking without thinking". Human Resource Management International Digest 26, n. 6 (13 agosto 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-05-2018-0102.
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Purpose Unconscious biases are often ignored in organizations; thus, it becomes more important to identify them so that we can build strong and competent organizations. In present dynamic and competitive business situations, you need to be well aware about those concerns of the organizations where these biases exist. Design/methodology/approach This paper identifies various types of unconscious biases prevailing at workplace. It also identifies different strategies which can be used to avoid them so that we can gain a competitive edge over others in market. Findings Unconscious biases are a fact of life; no one can deny them. Thus, it is important to identify them so that they can be eliminated, and our businesses can avoid their detrimental effects. Research limitations/implications Unconscious biases narrow down the pool of people in an organization and ultimately destabilize an organization’s base. Practical implications Unconscious biases narrow down the pool of people in the organization and ultimately destabilize an organization’s base. Originality/value This paper can help managers and executives to highlight the areas where these biases lie so that they can be removed easily.
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Guss, Shannon Stark, Douglas H. Clements, Elica Sharifnia, Julie Sarama, Adam Holland, Chih-Ing Lim e Megan Vinh. "Designing Inclusive Computational Thinking Learning Trajectories for the Youngest Learners". Education Sciences 14, n. 7 (4 luglio 2024): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070733.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Foundational thinking for later use of technology, particularly coding, is necessary for an inclusive and sustainable future. Inclusive practices beginning in early childhood recognize children’s innate development of computational thinking—sequencing, repetition and looping, debugging, decomposing and composing, representation, and causality. This qualitative research describes processes of developing and evaluating hypothesized developmental progressions. Inclusive engagement of children with and without disabilities is described in examples for each level of each developmental progression. Implications for teaching and learning with inclusive practices are described for children with and without disabilities.
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Al Ahmad, Mahmoud, Rasha A. Nasser, Lillian J. A. Olule e Bassam R. Ali. "Electrical Detection of Innate Immune Cells". Sensors 21, n. 17 (1 settembre 2021): 5886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175886.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Accurately classifying the innate immune players is essential to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the interactions between the innate and the adaptive immune systems. In addition, accurate classification enables the development of models to predict behavior and to improve prospects for therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Rapid development in technologies that provide an accurate definition of the type of cell in action, allows the field of innate immunity to the lead in therapy developments. This article presents a novel immunophenotyping technique using electrical characterization to differentiate between the two most important cell types of the innate immune system: dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MACs). The electrical characterization is based on capacitance measurements, which is a reliable marker for cell surface area and hence cell size. We differentiated THP-1 cells into DCs and MACs in vitro and conducted electrical measurements on the three cell types. The results showed average capacitance readings of 0.83 µF, 0.93 µF, and 1.01 µF for THP-1, DCs, and MACs, respectively. This corresponds to increasing cell size since capacitance is directly proportional to area. The results were verified with image processing. Image processing was used for verification because unlike conventional techniques, especially flow cytometry, it avoids cross referencing and by-passes the limitation of a lack of specificity of markers used to detect the different cell types.
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Stanley, Ruth. "TYPES OF PRAYER, HEART RATE VARIABILITY, AND INNATE HEALING". Zygon(r) 44, n. 4 (dicembre 2009): 825–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.01036.x.
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Weinstein, Jack Russell. "Three Types of Critical Thinking About Religion". Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15, n. 3 (1996): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/inquiryctnews199615317.
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Zhang, Li-fang. "Are Thinking Styles and Personality Types Related?" Educational Psychology 20, n. 3 (settembre 2000): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713663742.
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Newstead, Stephen E. "Are there two different types of thinking?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, n. 5 (ottobre 2000): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0049343x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stanovich & West's claim that there are two coherent and conceptually distinct types of thinking, System 1 and System 2, is questioned. Some authors equate System 2 with intelligence whereas other do not; and some authors regard the two types of system as distinct while others regard them as lying on a continuum.
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Giampietro, M., e G. M. Cavallera. "Morning and evening types and creative thinking". Personality and Individual Differences 42, n. 3 (febbraio 2007): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.027.
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Davydova, Marina L. "THE MAIN TYPES OF PROFESSIONAL JURIDICAL THINKING". Revista da Faculdade de Direito UFPR 60, n. 3 (26 novembre 2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v60i3.43387.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Em seu livro Os três modos de pensar a ciência jurídica, publicado em 1934, Carl Schmitt apresenta seu conceito de pensamento de ordem-concreta que contrasta com dois modos clássicos de pensamento jurídico: o decisionismo e o normativismo, considerados como etapas passadas do desenvolvimento geral da história jurídica. No direito comparado, o estilo jurídico, que inclui um modo especial de pensamento, é um dos critérios tradicionais que distinguem um sistema jurídico nacional de outro. De acordo com este ponto de vista, o normativismo alemão e o decisionismo americano são determinados por características típicas de seus sistemas jurídicos correspondentes. Nossa ideia é que cada modo de pensamento jurídico não se relaciona nem com o sistema jurídico nem com o período histórico do desenvolvimento científico, mas com a especialidade da profissão jurídica. Juízes de todos os países têm muita coisa em comum em seu estilo de pensamento. Entretanto, em um país particular, pode-se encontrar uma grande diferença entre o modo de pensamento de um juiz e, por exemplo, o de um cartorário ou oficial de justiça (enforcer). Em nosso artigo, buscamos encontrar a relação entre os três modos de pensamento jurídico de Carl Schmitt (pensamento normativo ou estatutário, pensamento decisionista e pensamento da ordem-concreta) e a estrutura geral da profissão jurídica.
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Zhao, Shengyuan, Samy L. Habib, Alireza G. Senejani, Manu Sebastian e Dawit Kidane. "Role of Base Excision Repair in Innate Immune Cells and Its Relevance for Cancer Therapy". Biomedicines 10, n. 3 (26 febbraio 2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030557.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Innate immunity is critical for immediate recognition and elimination of invading pathogens or defense against cancer cell growth. Dysregulation of innate immune systems is associated with the pathogenesis of different types of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. In addition, the maintenance of innate immune cells’ genomic integrity is crucial for the survival of all organisms. Oxidative stress generated from innate immune cells may cause self-inflicted DNA base lesions as well as DNA damage on others neighboring cells, including cancer cells. Oxidative DNA base damage is predominantly repaired by base excision repair (BER). BER process different types of DNA base lesions that are presented in cancer and innate immune cells to maintain genomic integrity. However, mutations in BER genes lead to impaired DNA repair function and cause insufficient genomic integrity. Moreover, several studies have implicated that accumulation of DNA damage leads to chromosomal instability that likely activates the innate immune signaling. Furthermore, dysregulation of BER factors in cancer cells modulate the infiltration of innate immune cells to the tumor microenvironment. In the current review, the role of BER in cancer and innate immune cells and its impact on innate immune signaling within the tumor microenvironment is summarized. This is a special issue that focuses on DNA damage and cancer therapy to demonstrate how BER inhibitor or aberrant repair modulates innate inflammatory response and impact immunotherapy approaches. Overall, the review provides substantial evidence to understand the impact of BER in innate immune response dynamics within the current immune-based therapeutic strategy.
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Balkis, Murat, e Gülnur Bayezid Isiker. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THINKING STYLES AND PERSONALITY TYPES". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2005): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.3.283.
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This study investigated the relationship between thinking styles and personality types. The participants were 367 third-year students at Dokuz Eylül University who responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI; Stemberg & Wagner, 1992) based on Sternberg's theory of mental self-government and the Self-Directed Search Scale (SDS; Holland, Powell, & Fritzsch, 1994) based on Holland's theory of vocational choices. The results showed a close correspondence between thinking styles and personality types. Another finding of this study was that thinking styles differ according to gender and major fields of study. The implications of both findings are discussed in detail.
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Harris, Christine R., e Nicholas Christenfeld. "Gender, Jealousy, and Reason". Psychological Science 7, n. 6 (novembre 1996): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00390.x.
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Research has suggested that men are especially bothered by evidence of their partner's sexual infidelity, whereas women are troubled more by evidence of emotional infidelity One evolutionary account (Buss, Larsen, Westen, & Semmelroth, 1992) argues that this is an innate difference, arising from men's need for paternity certainty and women's need for male investment in their offspring We suggest that the difference may instead be based on reasonable differences between the sexes in how they interpret evidence of infidelity A man, thinking that women have sex only when in love, has reason to believe that if his mate has sex with another man, she is in love with that other A woman, thinking that men can have sex without love, should still be bothered by sexual infidelity, but less so because it does not imply that her mate has fallen in love as well A survey of 137 subjects confirmed that men and women do differ in the predicted direction in how much they think each form of infidelity implies the other, proposing innate emotional differences may, therefore, be gratuitous
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Vonk, Roos, e Richard D. Ashmore. "Thinking about gender types: Cognitive organization of female and male types". British Journal of Social Psychology 42, n. 2 (giugno 2003): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466603322127247.
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Saiz, Carlos, e Silvia F. Rivas. "Critical Thinking, Formation, and Change". Journal of Intelligence 11, n. 12 (28 novembre 2023): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11120219.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we propose an application of critical thinking (CT) to real-world problems, taking into account personal well-being (PB) and lifelong formation (FO). First, we raise a substantial problem with CT, which is that causal explanation is of little importance in solving everyday problems. If we care about everyday problems, we must treat the identification of causal relationships as a fundamental mechanism and action as a form of solution once the origin of the problem is unequivocally known. Decision-making and problem-solving skills should be the execution of the causal explanations reached. By acting this way, we change reality and achieve our goals, which are none other than those imposed by our PB. However, to achieve changes or results, we must have these fundamental competencies in CT, and these are not innate; we must acquire and develop them, that is, we must train ourselves to have CT competencies according to the demands of today’s world. Finally, in this paper we propose a causal model that seeks to identify and test the causal relationships that exist between the different factors or variables that determine the CT-PB-FO relationship. We present some results on the relevance of causality and how to effectively form and address real-world problems from causality. However, there are still questions to be clarified that need to be investigated in future studies.
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Kramskaya, Lyubov Alekseevna, Yuliya Mikhailovna Perevozkina, Yuliya Vladimirovna Poshekhonova e Mergalyas Mergalimovich Kashapov. "Studying the dynamics of interrelations between styles and types of thinking of professionals in the context of higher medical education". Science for Education Today 13, n. 4 (31 agosto 2023): 196–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2304.09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The relevance of studying professional thinking in the context of higher medical education is determined by theoretical and practical significance of the problem, which has an epistemological, not ontological nature: the formation of doctor’s professional clinical thinking. The article presents the findings of an empirical study of psychological patterns underlying the correlation between styles and types of thinking among medical students, attending physicians, and doctors in academic and professional activities. The purpose of the article is to identify the dynamics of relationships between styles and types of thinking among doctors at different stages of their professional development. Materials and Methods. Stylistic and typological features of doctors’ thinking were established by analyzing acmeological and psychological mechanisms of professionals’ creative thinking in the context of a metacognitive approach. Based on the resource approach to understanding the phenomenon of professional thinking, clinical thinking is considered as the highest cognitive process of searching, detecting and resolving problems, identifying externally unspecified, implicit properties of the cognizable and transformed medical situation. The following methods were used: A.K. Belousova’s ‘Styles of thinking inventory’ and V.A. Ganzen, K.B. Malyshev, L.V. Oginets’s ‘Method of identifying the type of thinking and the level of creativity’. Results. The authors have revealed the interrelation between styles and types of thinking of medical students, attending physicians and doctors. It was established that the dominant type and style of medical students, attending physicians and doctors’ thinking are the imaginative type of thinking and the practical style of thinking. The authors clarified and described the dynamics of interrelations between thinking styles and types in medical students, attending physicians and doctors. It varies depending on the stage of doctor’s professionalization. The psychological peculiarities of typical and stylistic characteristics of doctor's thinking were revealed. The authors summarized the connection of doctors' creative abilities with leading styles and types of thinking and described the resources of professionalization of clinical thinking. Conclusions. The article presents the understanding of doctor’s professional thinking as a type of thinking, whose laws are based on general laws of thinking, but follow the specifics of medical activities. It is shown that the connections between the styles and types of doctor’s thinking acquire quantitative and qualitative peculiarities at the certain stages of doctor’s professional development.
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Thomson, Ann. "Animals, Humans, Machines and Thinking Matter, 1690-1707". Early Science and Medicine 15, n. 1-2 (2010): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138374210x12589831573027.
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This article looks at the debate on the soul in England at the turn of the eighteenth century and at the role played within it by the question of animal soul, which had both theological and scientific ramifications. It discusses the difficulty of accounting for animal behaviour without either adopting the animal-machine hypothesis or according animals an immaterial and hence immortal soul. While those who denied the existence of an immaterial human soul and refused any fundamental distinction between humans and other animals were accused of reducing humans to machines, this article shows that the issues were in fact more complex. The fundamental question was that of the nature of matter; the main danger for many theologians seemed to lie in the attribution of innate life and sensibility to matter, which opened the door to materialism and undermined Christian doctrine
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Liu, Xiao Ping. "The Framework of the System on Architectural Design Logical Thinking and its Application". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzo 2013): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2268.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article summarizes 9 logical thinking types of architectural design from discussing the complex connotations and two realms of inquiry of contemporary architecture. Then the relevancy analysis on the relationship between the logical thinking types and the building types was made. Finally, it explored how the logical thinking types could be applied in the design, teaching and assessment work. The study teases out a logical, correspondence and systematic thinking system for the design and teaching practice, so that the complicated architectural design is expected to be logical and rule-based.
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Meyer, Moritz, Julian Schwärzler, Almina Jukic e Herbert Tilg. "Innate Immunity and MASLD". Biomolecules 14, n. 4 (13 aprile 2024): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14040476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the most common liver disease worldwide in recent years. MASLD commonly presents as simple hepatic steatosis, but ~25% of patients develop liver inflammation, progressive fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver inflammation and the degree of fibrosis are key determinants of the prognosis. The pathophysiology of liver inflammation is incompletely understood and involves diverse factors and specifically innate and adaptive immune responses. More specifically, diverse mediators of innate immunity such as proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, inflammasomes and various cell types like mononuclear cells, macrophages and natural killer cells are involved in directing the inflammatory process in MASLD. The activation of innate immunity is driven by various factors including excess lipids and lipotoxicity, insulin resistance and molecular patterns derived from gut commensals. Targeting pathways of innate immunity might therefore appear as an attractive therapeutic strategy in the future management of MASLD and possibly its complications.