Articoli di riviste sul tema "Innate groups of people"
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Clohosey, Matthew L., Brendan T. Mann, Paul L. Ryan, Tatiyana V. Apanasovich, Sanjay B. Maggirwar, Daniel J. Pennington e Natalia Soriano-Sarabia. "Comparable Vδ2 Cell Functional Characteristics in Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV and Uninfected Individuals". Cells 9, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2020): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive pathways is a critical component to developing an effective, lasting immune response. Among natural effector cells, innate-like γδ T cells promote immunity by facilitating communication between the two compartments and exerting cytotoxic effector functions. Dysregulation of γδ T cell populations is a byproduct of primary Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is most pronounced in the depletion and loss of function within cells expressing a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR (Vδ2 cells). Whether or not prolonged viral suppression mediated by antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reverse these effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we present evidence of similar Vδ2 cell functional responses within a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) that has been stably suppressed for >1 year and uninfected donors. Through the use of aminobisphosphonate drugs, we were able to generate a comprehensive comparison between ex vivo and expanded Vδ2 cells within each group. Both groups had largely similar compositions of memory and effector phenotypes, post-expansion TCR repertoire diversity, and cytotoxic capabilities. Our findings support the notion that ART promotes the recovery of Vδ2 polyfunctionality and provides insight for strategies aiming to reconstitute the full immune response after infection with HIV.
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Galgiani, John N., Amy P. Hsu, Daniel A. Powell, Jatin M. Vyas e Steven M. Holland. "Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective". Journal of Fungi 9, n. 5 (11 maggio 2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9050554.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The endemic fungal infection, coccidioidomycosis, occurs after inhalation of one or very few Coccidioides spp. spores. Infections produce diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from insignificant to extremely destructive, even fatal. Approaches to understanding this range of consequences have traditionally categorized patients into a small number of groups (asymptomatic, uncomplicated self-limited, fibro-cavitary, and extra-thoracic disseminated) and then looked for immunologic differences among them. Recently, variants within genes of innate pathways have been found to account, in part, for infections that result in disseminated disease. This discovery raises the very attractive theory that, in patients without severe immunosuppression, much of the disease spectrum can be accounted for by various combinations of such deleterious variants in innate pathways. In this review, we summarize what is known about genetic determinants that are responsible for the severity of coccidioidal infections and how complex innate genetic differences among different people might account for the spectrum of disease observed clinically.
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Bellanti, Francesco, Aurelio Lo Buglio, Stefano Quiete, Michał Dobrakowski, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Sławomir Kasperczyk e Gianluigi Vendemiale. "Sarcopenia Is Associated with Changes in Circulating Markers of Antioxidant/Oxidant Balance and Innate Immune Response". Antioxidants 12, n. 11 (11 novembre 2023): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111992.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
(1) Background: The involvement of redox balance alterations and innate immunity is suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. This investigation aimed to define and relate modifications in circulating markers of redox homeostasis and the innate immune response in human sarcopenia. (2) Methods: A total of 32 subjects aged >65 years old and affected by sarcopenia according to the second “European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people” guidelines were compared with 40 non-sarcopenic age-matched controls. To assess systemic redox homeostasis, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) blood glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)– and 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE)–protein adducts were measured. Immune cells and circulating interleukins were determined to compare the innate immune response between both groups. (3) Results: Impaired redox balance in sarcopenic patients, characterized by a high blood GSSG/GSH ratio and plasma MDA/HNE–protein adducts, was sustained by reduced antioxidants in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, sarcopenic patients showed higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with respect to non-sarcopenic patients. Linear regression analysis resulted in a strong association between redox balance and immune response markers in the sarcopenic group. (4) Conclusions: These results support the interplay between redox homeostasis alteration and disruption of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia.
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Klein, Peter G., e J. Bruce Bullock. "Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, n. 2 (agosto 2006): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080002246x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Is entrepreneurship an innate ability or an acquired skill? Can entrepreneurial acumen be achieved and enhanced through education and training, or are certain people “born” to be entrepreneurs or to act entrepreneurially? Economists and management theorists give widely divergent answers to these questions. This paper reviews the major approaches to teaching entrepreneurship, primarily at the undergraduate level, and relates them to economic theories of entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, we find little connection between the leading approaches to entrepreneurship education and economists' understanding of the entrepreneurial function. We assess likely explanations for the lack of contact between these two groups of scholars and suggest possible improvements.
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Bozhchenko, Alexander, e Vitaliy Yakushev. "FINGERPRINT MARKERS OF DELINQUENCY IN THE GROUP OF SERIAL KILLERS AND SUICIDES". Chronos 7, n. 10(72) (13 novembre 2022): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-72-10-31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of a number of combinations of types of papillary finger patterns, most characteristic of a group of serial killers and a group of suicides. It is established that combinatorics is most characteristic for both groups, in which the sum of the pattern codes of the index and middle fingers is equal to the value of the pattern code of the ring finger (right hand). The frequency of its occurrence in both comparison groups is 10%, which is about 10 times more frequent than in the control. Considering that papillary patterns are innate signs, the commonality of dermatoglyphic signs in serial killers and suicides indicates the influence of a biological factor on the likelihood of delinquent and deviant behaviors in humans (at least in some people).
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Shrwani, Khalid, Nabil Dhayhi, Waleed Mahallawi, Alaa Sherwani, Mohammed Badedi, Saeed Aldossari, Abdulrahman Muhajir et al. "The Protective Mechanism Against COVID-19, Antibody vs Cellular Immunity: An Extensive Review". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, n. 08 (1 agosto 2023): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1721.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to the world, causing a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms and affecting people of all sexes and age groups. Although the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is not entirely understood, recent findings suggest that a high number of innate immune cells and inflammatory cytokines can help in fighting the virus. However, an excessive expression of cytokines can lead to a cytokine storm, resulting in a severe disease state with high morbidity and mortality. The coordinated actions of the innate and adaptive immune responses are responsible for eliminating virus-infected cells and inhibiting reinfection. The actual role of T-cell immunity and antibody responses is unclear, and further research is necessary to gain insights into the nature of immune protection. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is considered a sensitive and useful protein that can be targeted by antibodies and T cells, providing significant biological targets for finding effective vaccines and treatments. Despite challenges in developing effective vaccines, the small number of reinfections suggests that a primary infection may offer some protection during subsequent exposure to the same virus. A deeper understanding of the vital role of B and T cells in COVID-19 may help in managing, controlling, and halting this new pandemic.
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Dellino, Miriam, Eliano Cascardi, Marina Vinciguerra, Bruno Lamanna, Antonio Malvasi, Salvatore Scacco, Silvia Acquaviva et al. "Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 16 (15 agosto 2022): 9136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable people can suffer from mortal complications of COVID-19. Therefore, strengthening the immune system particularly in the most fragile people could help to protect them from infection. First, general nutritional status and food consumption patterns of everyone affect the effectiveness of each immune system. The effects of nutrition could impact the level of intestinal and genital microbiota, the adaptive immune system, and the innate immune system. Indeed, immune system cells and mediators, which are crucial to inflammatory reaction, are in the structures of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins and are activated through vitamins (vit) and minerals. Therefore, the association of malnutrition and infection could damage the immune response, reducing the immune cells and amplifying inflammatory mediators. Both amount and type of dietary fat impact on cytokine biology, that consequently assumes a crucial role in inflammatory disease. This review explores the power of nutrition in the immune response against COVID-19 infection, since a specific diet could modify the cytokine storm during the infection phase. This can be of vital importance in the most vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women or cancer patients to whom we have deemed it necessary to dedicate personalized indications.
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Herrera, Mariana, Yoav Keynan, Paul J. McLaren, Juan Pablo Isaza, Bernard Abrenica, Lucelly López, Diana Marin e Zulma Vanessa Rueda. "Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for new latent tuberculosis infections. A cohort study". PLOS ONE 17, n. 9 (28 settembre 2022): e0274257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274257.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective To determine the gene expression profile in individuals with new latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and to compare them with people with active tuberculosis (TB) and those exposed to TB but not infected. Design A prospective cohort study. Recruitment and follow-up were conducted between September 2016 to December 2018. Gene expression and data processing and analysis from April 2019 to April 2021. Setting Two male Colombian prisons. Participants 15 new tuberculin skin test (TST) converters (negative TST at baseline that became positive during follow-up), 11 people that continued with a negative TST after two years of follow-up, and 10 people with pulmonary ATB. Main outcome measures Gene expression profile using RNA sequencing from PBMC samples. The differential expression was assessed using the DESeq2 package in Bioconductor. Genes with |logFC| >1.0 and an adjusted p-value < 0.1 were differentially expressed. We analyzed the differences in the enrichment of KEGG pathways in each group using InterMiner. Results The gene expression was affected by the time of incarceration. We identified group-specific differentially expressed genes between the groups: 289 genes in people with a new LTBI and short incarceration (less than three months of incarceration), 117 in those with LTBI and long incarceration (one or more years of incarceration), 26 in ATB, and 276 in the exposed but non-infected individuals. Four pathways encompassed the largest number of down and up-regulated genes among individuals with LTBI and short incarceration: cytokine signaling, signal transduction, neutrophil degranulation, and innate immune system. In individuals with LTBI and long incarceration, the only enriched pathway within up-regulated genes was Emi1 phosphorylation. Conclusions Recent infection with MTB is associated with an identifiable RNA pattern related to innate immune system pathways that can be used to prioritize LTBI treatment for those at greatest risk for developing active TB.
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Cronshaw, Steven F. "Developmental Dynamics of Workplace Adaptive Skill". Psychological Reports 96, n. 3_suppl (giugno 2005): 1066–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3c.1066-1094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined the dynamic development of workplace adaptive skills using the functional-perspectivist paradigm. Extensions to a model of behavioral functionality are tested whereby workers in four age groups are assessed through an interview-based methodology on the improvement and coalescence of their adaptive skills. Analysis of responses show the dynamic structure of workplace adaptive skills changes over the age groups. Workers in their 20s face the developmental task of resolving tensions between their inward- and outward-directed focus. Workers in their 30s must equalize the opposing tendencies of agency and accommodation of purpose. Things, Data, and People functional skills of locus appear to play a stable role within the adaptive skill dynamics across tested age groups. Instability in focus and purpose across age groups is probably brought about by the need to maintain an adaptive balance between innate predispositions toward individual development combined with the simultaneous need of the worker to function effectively within specific social-historical contexts. The functional-perspectivist paradigm is recommended in understanding development of workplace skills.
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Melnikov, Oleg, Diana Zabolotnaya, Alexander Bredun, Bogdan Bil, Oksana Rylska, Мarina Timchenko e Inna Faraon. "Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases". OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, n. 2(1) 2018 (11 giugno 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2018-2-13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.
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Kodintseva, Е. А., e А. А. Akleyev. "Delayed correlated parameters of adaptive and innate immunity in chronically irradiated subjects". Russian Journal of Immunology 23, n. 2 (15 aprile 2020): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-399-dcp.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Radiation-induced changes in the immune system develop quite early after the onset of radiation exposure and persist over a long time after it's removal. In case of chronic radiation exposure at dose rate lower than 0.1 Gy/year, the threshold of annual dose to suppress red bone marrow hemato- and immunopoiesis reaches 0.3-0.5 Gy. It was shown that adaptation mechanisms are triggered under the chronic impact of ionizing radiation in the hematopoietic system. In our study we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed relationships between individual arms of the immune system which is important for understanding features of homeostasis and the adaptation capacity of immune system in chronically irradiated subjects at later time points. The main group included 376 persons exposed to chronic irradiation due to 1949-1960 industrial pollution with radioactive waste residing in Techa River basin. Average radiation dose for the red bone marrow in this group was 1.08±0.04 (0.08-4.46) Gy. The comparison group included 162 unexposed persons. The mean age of people in the main and comparison group was 70.3±0.3 (58-88) and 69.3±0.5 (58-90) years, respectively. The Kendall correlation analysis identified 82 statistically significant correlations (correlation coefficient higher than 0.3, p 0.05) between individual immune parameters versus 65 similar correlations found in the comparison group. The majority of identified correlation links in both groups ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 (main group – 57 correlations, comparison group – 41 correlations). There were found 16 and 14 correlations in the main and comparison group, respectively, with a coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. The correlation coefficient value higher than 0.7 was noted for 9 correlations in the main group and for 10 – in the comparison group. The χ-square analysis revealed no significant differences between total number of correlations and number of correlations of varying strength both in the main and comparison groups. The obtained data are consistent with previous studies and confirm that delayed changes in the immune system of subjects exposed to chronic low-rate irradiation were mild and evidenced about developed feedforward and feedback compensatory mechanisms.
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Zahir, Brwa, Kaniaw Khafar e Mariwan Hama Salih. "Alterations in some Physiological and Inflammatory Markers in Iron-Deficient Obese Adults in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq". AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 18, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2022): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.883.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Iron homeostasis is crucial to many physiological functions in the human body, such as cellular activity, erythropoiesis, and the innate immune response. Iron deficiency anemia may occur from obesity's ability to disturb iron homeostasis. Obesity may be seen as a pre-inflammatory condition with mild, ongoing systemic inflammation. Additionally, an increase in hepcidin levels by chronic inflammation causes iron insufficiency in obese people. For this reason, this current experiment is designed to investigate the iron profile and some hematological and inflammatory parameters in obese adults in the Kurdistan region-Iraq. Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional study was designed within the context of a medium private laboratory with participants being common people involved, 200 adults participated in this study and were allocated into two groups according to BMI (control group (BMI ≤ 29.9): N=100 and obese group (BMI >30): N=100). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were assessed. Blood sera (once) was obtained for iron profiles (s. Iron, Ferritin, Hepcidin) and inflammatory levels (c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)). Results: Our findings highlighted that all inflammatory markers increased significantly in the obese groups in both sexes and a positive correlation with BMI and a significant decrease in iron in the obese group. Conclusions: This research reveals that hepcidin levels in obese adult people contribute to the development of iron deficiency anemia due to increased inflammation.
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Shlyk, I. F., L. P. Sizyakina, R. V. Sidorov e S. V. Shlyk. "Functional features of innate immunity in the development of postpericardiotomy syndrome in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting". Medical Herald of the South of Russia 10, n. 4 (26 dicembre 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2019-10-4-71-79.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: to study the functional characteristics of innate immunity in the formation of postpericardial syndrome (PPS) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft ing (CABG).Materials and methods: the study involved 60 people, 40 of them made up the main group of patients with coronary artery disease, which retrospectively aft er 1 month of observation was divided into 2 groups. Group I CABG and PPS, group II CABG without PPS. The control group consisted of 20 patients without IHD. Before surgery, aft er 5, 14 days and 1 month, the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, 9, the content of CD16+ and Granzyme B lymphocytes, the HCT test and serum α-defensin were evaluated in blood cells. Statistical analysis of the results of the study was carried out using the program Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft , USA). The difference in mean values between groups was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical signifi cance was considered signifi cant at p ≤ 0.05.Results: when comparing the initial indices of the main groups and the control group, an increase in the expression of TLRs 2, 4, 9 was revealed. An increase in the content of CD16+, as well as an increase in the cytotoxic activity of natural killers and an increase in the production of α-defensin.Conclusions: on the basis of the study, activation of the cellular link of innate immunity, an increase in the cytotoxic potential of natural killers and a signifi cantly high level of α-defensin both before and aft er CABG were revealed, which can play an important role in the development of PPS.
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Pramudya, Manikya, e Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih. "Immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor against intracellular bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Veterinary World 12, n. 6 (giugno 2019): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.735-739.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Aim: For many years, people use natural products from the plant and fungal to improve immune response against microorganism. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides (PS) from Coriolus versicolor in mice infected by intracellular bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female BALB/C mice were divided into six groups: Normal control, negative control, positive control, P1 (PS before infection), P2 (PS after infection), and P3 (PS before and after infection). PS were administrated for 10 days. N. gonorrhoeae was infected twice with 2 weeks gap from the first to second exposure with a dose of 106 cells. 1 week after the end of treatment, level of oxidants, innate immune responses, and adaptive immune responses were measured. Results: This study showed that PS administration could restore the number of leukocytes as normal but could not enhance the number of phagocytes and its activity. PS administration also showed immunosuppression activity by lowering nitric oxide levels in P2 and P3 groups (p<0.05). This result showed that PS prevent over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by decreasing phagocytic activity. Contrast with innate immune response result; PS administration could significantly increase interferon-gamma level in P1, P2, and P3 groups (p<0.05). Level of antibodies was significantly increased in the P3 group (p<0.05). PS administration also showed an increased level of tumor necrosis factor-a, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: PS enhance adaptive immunity due to the capability of N. gonorrhoeae that able to survive and replicate in phagocytes. Thus, PS from C. versicolor could be potentially be used as a natural immunomodulator against intracellular bacteria.
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Rennebohm, Robert M. "What is the current status of the covid pandemic? What can/should we do at this point?" Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 14, n. 1 (18 aprile 2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped14189-98.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As a direct result of the mass vaccination campaign against COVID (in all age groups), humanity is likely to face a threatening situation that could potentially become catastrophic. The mass vaccination campaign has caused multiple increasingly contagious dominant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The reason is the phenomenon of immune escape, neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine quickly cease their function, and vaccine non-neutralizing antibodies can make the virus more contagious a form of antibody-mediated or antibody dependent amplification of the infection.
Thus, anti-COVID vaccines do not teach the innate immune system to fight the virus, but instead non-neutralizing vaccine antibodies neutralize the innate immune system of those who are vaccinated. Vaccines against COVID do not contribute to the formation of collective immunity, but, on the contrary, make the virus more contagious. The mass vaccination campaign predisposes to depletion of immunity in vaccinated people. Vaccinated people (of all ages) are currently repeatedly re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The depletion of immunity decreases a vaccinated persons ability to cope not only with SARS-CoV-2 but with other infections, including EBV, CMV, herpes virus and even tuberculosis. To solve the problem, it is necessary to put an end to simplistic and incorrect directives, to create conditions for a constructive dialogue between scientists and doctors who were responsible for the prevailing narrative about COVID and the policy of combating it, and those scientists and doctors who challenged the prevailing narrative and its policies. We must also encourage such dialogue among citizens dialogue and demystifying education that will improve understanding of the COVID situation, create consensus, and unite people in positive, constructive efforts to save lives and end this pandemic.
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Alzouabi, Lina. "Social Environment and Crime in Dickens' Oliver Twist and Great Expectations". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, n. 6 (30 giugno 2021): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.6.19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study reads Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist and Great Expectations as crime novels by applying Sutherland's theory of "differential association" which postulates that criminal behavior is learned rather than inherited, and it is learned through interaction with other people within intimate personal groups in which one learns techniques and acquires motives for committing crimes. In Oliver Twist, Oliver is portrayed as a victim of the corrupted social environment as well as Monks' conspiracy with Fagin to drag him down to the underworld.; he is raised as an orphan in a workhouse and subjected to mistreatment. Thus, he unknowingly indulges in Fagin's gang and learns the crime of pickpocketing, as all the members of the gang come from a poor background and are taught how to commit crimes within the gang, their intimate social group. Nancy's poverty also compels her to join the gang, which ultimately leads to her death, as criminality is not innate in her personality. Criminality in Oliver's character is not innate either, so he ends up leading a decent life in a healthier environment. Like Fagin, Compeyson in Great Expectations favors the violation of law and has others indulge in the criminal world, thereby exploiting Magwitch and Orlick who turn into criminals. By presenting criminal characters with various motives and from harsh backgrounds, Dickens' fiction suggests that crime behavior has nothing to do with heredity. Rather, criminal characters are implicated in crimes as a result of the corrupted social environment forced on them, along with gangs and corrupt people they have to encounter.
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Kozlov, Evgenii M., Ekaterina Ivanova, Andrey V. Grechko, Wei-Kai Wu, Antonina V. Starodubova e Alexander N. Orekhov. "Involvement of Oxidative Stress and the Innate Immune System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection". Diseases 9, n. 1 (24 febbraio 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases9010017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of the novel coronavirus in December 2019 in China marked the beginning of a pandemic that impacted healthcare systems and economic life all over the world. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in some patients, and therefore received the name of SARS-CoV-2. The pathogen stands out among other coronaviruses by its rapid transmission from human to human, with the majority of infected individuals being asymptomatic or presenting with only minor illness, therefore facilitating the pathogen spread. At the same time, people from the risk groups, such as the elderly, patients suffering from chronic diseases, or obese individuals, have increased chances of developing a severe or even fatal disease. The search for risk factors explaining this phenomenon continues. In this review, we focus on the known mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting the functioning of the immune system and discuss potential risk factors responsible for the severe disease course. Oxidative stress is one of such factors, which plays a prominent role in innate immunity activity, and recent research has revealed its tight involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss these recent findings and the development of excessive inflammation and cytokine storm observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we consider potential use of antioxidant drugs for alleviating the severe symptoms in affected patients.
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Cook, Elina K., Richard N. Armstrong, Eshita Sharma, Brooke Snetsinger, Jacqueline Boultwood, Rena Buckstein, Andrea Pellagatti e Michael J. Rauh. "RNA-Seq Analysis of Clonal Hematopoiesis (CHIP) Blood Leukocytes Shows Dysregulation of Neutrophil / Innate Immunity-Related Genes". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract BACKGROUND: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) involves the peripheral blood (PB) expansion of progeny of a hematopoietic stem or progenitor cell that is somatically mutated in a hematological cancer-associated gene (most often TET2 or DNMT3A). CHIP associates with comorbid diseases of aging such as cardiovascular disease. Murine knockout (Tet2 or Dnmt3a) and engraftment models of CHIP develop exacerbated cardiovascular disease and their mutated myeloid cells are more reactive to inflammatory stimuli. However, whether blood leukocytes in human CHIP are hyper-inflammatory remains speculative. We recently found people with CHIP have higher serum levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than controls (Cook et al, ASH 2017). Thus, we hypothesized that PB effector cells in people with CHIP will be enriched for pro-inflammatory gene expression and pathways. METHODS: The presence of CHIP (variant allele frequency, VAF>0.02) was determined in the whole PB of 30 hematologically healthy adults >65 years old at Baycrest and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centers (Toronto, Canada) using Ion Proton DNA sequencing targeting 48 commonly mutated genes in myeloid neoplasms. RNA-Seq (HISeq 4000, Illumina, 75bp paired-end sequencing reads with a depth of >50 million/sample) was performed on corresponding ribo-depleted whole PB samples (PAXgene), reads were aligned with HISAT2, gene counts quantified with featureCount, and analyzed with DESeq2. FDR<0.1 was used as a cutoff for differential gene expression analyses. Correlations with clinical and comorbidity data were tested with logistic regressions. RESULTS: People with CHIP ("CHIP+", n: males=8, females=13; TET2=12, DNMT3A=8, SF3B1=1; VAF range=0.03-0.40) compared to those without CHIP ("CHIP-", n: males=3, females=6) had six significantly downregulated genes (e.g. GZMM) and 10 upregulated genes (e.g. DEFA4, LTF, MPO, see Figure 1A). Hierarchical clustering of these top genes yielded two groups, one consisting of most of the CHIP- cases (8/9 cases, in a cluster of 11, see Figure 1A). The three CHIP+ cases that clustered with CHIP- had VAFs lower than 0.15. Of the 16 differentially regulated genes between CHIP+ and CHIP-, nine were recognized by reactome, and most overlapped (≥6 genes) with pathways involving neutrophil degranulation and innate immunity (Figure 1B). DEFA4, LTF, CRISP3, BPI and MPO specifically encode components of neutrophil granules, with various anti-microbial and homeostatic functions. However, mean neutrophil counts (4.6±1.6 vs. 4.4±1.6 10^9/L for CHIP+ vs. CHIP-) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (3.2±1.4 vs. 2.8±2.1 in CHIP+ vs. CHIP-) did not significantly differ between the groups. This suggests that mutations of CHIP may affect neutrophil/immune-related function or phenotype, potentially contributing to comorbid disease. For example, greater expression of alpha-defensins (i.e. DEFA4) in CHIP may involve dysregulated granulocyte maturation and inflammatory function as seen in myelodysplasia (Droin et al, 2010 Blood), suggesting a potential dysregulation of inflammation and immunity. Higher VAFs (>0.15) associated with higher ECOG scores (poorer overall daily functioning: odds ratio=44, 95% CI=4-500, p=0.002), suggesting that larger proportions of mutated cells may have greater effects on gene expression profiles. Accordingly, there were linear correlations between the VAFs of the mutated cell populations and the levels of differentially expressed genes (Figure 1C). CONCLUSIONS: The connection between mutant clones of CHIP and disease remains poorly elucidated. For the first time, to our knowledge, we studied gene expression in CHIP leukocytes. We report that the most prominent gene expression differences between people with CHIP and those without CHIP involve neutrophil degranulation and the innate immune system. Additionally, higher VAFs may have a greater influence on gene expression levels and health than lower VAFs. We plan to validate these candidate genes in a larger cohort. These novel data warrant further investigation of the cellular pathways perturbed by somatic mutations of CHIP. Disclosures Buckstein: Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Pitt, Benjamin, Stephen Ferrigno, Jessica F. Cantlon, Daniel Casasanto, Edward Gibson e Steven T. Piantadosi. "Spatial concepts of number, size, and time in an indigenous culture". Science Advances 7, n. 33 (agosto 2021): eabg4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In industrialized groups, adults implicitly map numbers, time, and size onto space according to cultural practices like reading and counting (e.g., from left to right). Here, we tested the mental mappings of the Tsimane’, an indigenous population with few such cultural practices. Tsimane’ adults spatially arranged number, size, and time stimuli according to their relative magnitudes but showed no directional bias for any domain on any spatial axis; different mappings went in different directions, even in the same participant. These findings challenge claims that people have an innate left-to-right mapping of numbers and that these mappings arise from a domain-general magnitude system. Rather, the direction-specific mappings found in industrialized cultures may originate from direction-agnostic mappings that reflect the correlational structure of the natural world.
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Naji, Amel A., e Hind M. Mousa. "The Sera levels of Interleukin-13 in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Thi-Qar province". University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 9, n. 1 (22 settembre 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci.v9i1.874.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a component of the innate immune system that is primarily produced by Th2 cells and is found in high concentrations in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. The study comprised 90 people of both genders, 45 of whom were patients who attending to Al-Nassirya teaching Hospital, Dermatology, during a period between November 2021 to March 2022, and the same number served as controls. Blood samples were obtained from both groups, and the serum levels of IL-13 were estimated using an ELISA-ready kit.The findings of the current study referred that young adult, and the females gender were as more effective in Atopic Dermatitis, andthe female to male ratio was 1.14: 1. On the other hand, the results indicated there were elevated sera levels of IL-13 in AD patients in contrast to the controls group. Also, there is no significant difference in IL-13 sera levels among patients groups regarding to severity of AD P?0.05). we concluded from a significant difference between the healthy control group and patients that IL-13involved in the pathogenesisof AD
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Epstein, Larissa, Jamie L. Peyton, Alexandra Coward, Jason Heard, Soman Sen, Kathleen S. Romanowski e Tina L. Palmieri. "97 Animals Are People Too: Comparing Human and Animal Burns in a Large Wildfire". Journal of Burn Care & Research 45, Supplement_1 (17 aprile 2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae036.096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction Although human burns have been studied in depth, there are few studies involving animal burns, and even fewer studies that compare the two. However, recent wildfires across the globe, like the 2019 Australian bushfire, have drawn attention to the plight of animals. Our study aims to compare effects of wildfire burns between humans and animals. Animals have adaptations that may protect them from burns: fur/feathers, agility, innate fight or flight response, and burrowing/swimming/flying abilities. We hypothesize that humans would have deeper burns and a higher mortality rate than their animal counterparts. Methods After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted using electronic medical records for humans with burns in 2018 wildfires at a university hospital and burned animals treated at the veterinary hospital. Animals were split into 2 groups: companion animals (CA) and non-companion animals (NCA). Data collected included demographics, burn and hospitalization characteristics, treatment, discharge, and outcomes. Analysis was conducted with SAS statistical software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) using Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results In all, 123 animals and 10 humans were analyzed. Ninety-four animals were identified as CA (dogs, cats) and 29 NCA (turtles, cattle, llamas, etc). All groups had mean total body surface area (TBSA) below the 20% TBSA resuscitation guidelines (70% human vs. 98.9% CA vs.72.5% NCA). There was no difference between location or burn severity, between groups. The most common location of burns in humans was the head (80%) and hands and feet (80%). Similarly, animals most commonly burned their paws (97.9% CA vs. 62.1% NCA). The median time to presentation was significantly different between humans, CAs, and NCAs (Day 0, 5, 8; p< 0.001). Humans and CAs sustained mainly 2nd degree burns (90% vs. 76.6%) while NCAs suffered mostly from 3rd degree burns (65.5%). Median number of hospital days (HD) between humans, CAs, and NCAs differed significantly between groups (16.5, 27, 8; p=0.025). Survival to discharge was highest in humans (90.0% human vs. 92.4% CA vs. 72.4% NCA, p=0.039). Humans were treated with surgery (100%). Fewer animals underwent surgical excision at initial presentation (16% CA vs.40.7% NCA p< 0.001). Conclusions Humans and animals burned by wildfires had different injury extent, survival, and burn distribution. CAs had the most HDs, yet had the fewest surgeries. There are major differences in treatment between human and animal burn treatment and outcomes. Current animal burn care does not follow human medical standards. Applicability of Research to Practice Most burn outcomes and research are focused on humans. More attention is being brought towards burned animals, which can be used to further research into animal care.
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Butusov, Alexander M., Olga V. Krusko, Petr K. Potapov, Dmitriy S. Derevyankin, Valentin D. Zagranichnov, Svyatoslav S. Malyshkin e Evgeniy A. Zhurbin. "Polymorphisms of leukocyte genes human and congenital antigen immunity associated with different the severity of the course of the new coronavirus infections". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, n. 3 (15 ottobre 2022): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma108133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The most significant single nucleotide human leukocyte antigen genes polymorphisms and innate immunity genes associated with varying degrees of acute respiratory infection severity are consideredCOVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As data accumulated, it became clear that the SARS-CoV-2 virus exhibits significant regional, ethnic, and individual specificity. This is due to the population groups genetic characteristics. This is necessary to reliably know the human genotype relationship with the COVID-19 course severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe up to fatal outcomes) for more successful therapy and vaccination. At the same time, it was also known that the innate immunity system is on the first line of defense against the pathogenic penetration into the body, and the human leukocyte antigen system encodes molecules of the same name on the surface of cells that present various antigens, including viral infection pathogens, and determine the severity of the course of many diseases; therefore, these systems genes. This approach makes it possible to assess the likelihood of a severe and extremely severe disease course in healthy and infected people, which in turn contributes to the correct therapy strategy, pharmacotherapy, and vaccination, as well as to create new antiviral therapeutic and preventive medicines. The genetically determined immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further study, since there is no unambiguous opinion about the leading mechanism that determines disease severity.
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Witkowski, Jacek M., e Ewa Bryl. "Mechanizmy COVID-19 a układ odpornościowy i jego starzenie". Kosmos 70, n. 3 (13 dicembre 2021): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2021_2819.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Epidemiological studies concerning the new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 show that elderly and old people are more susceptible to symptomatic, severe course of the disease, and also to death as its consequence. These age groups frequently suffer from associated, aging-related, chronic inflammatory diseases, in the case of COVID-19 described as co-morbidities. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development of acute COVID-19 and of its chronic form called long COVID, as well as the participation of various components of the immune system in the development and course of this disease in the context of changing properties (aging) of both the innate and adaptive immunity in the elderly. In particular, the role of two key phenomena occurring in the aging immune system and precipitating or at least facilitating the aging-related diseases including COVID-19, namely the immunosenescence and inflammaging, is discussed.
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Roberts, Jennifer R., e Molly Maxfield. "Mortality Salience and Age Effects on Charitable Donations". American Behavioral Scientist 63, n. 14 (21 maggio 2019): 1863–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219850864.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research suggests that people are typically more generous in later life. Terror management theory offers one explanation for this pattern. The theory suggests that humans’ innate desire to survive results in strong reactions to increased awareness of mortality, thereby affecting behaviors. Older adults’ increasing proximity to life’s end has been associated with greater generative concern, as a means of caring for future generations and ensuring symbolic immortality. This experimental study evaluated the effects of age and mortality salience on charitable giving. Age and mortality salience interacted to affect donations overall and specifically for in-group and out-group donations. Compared with respective age-based control groups, findings indicate that mortality salience primes led young adults to donate less overall to the in-group, and older adults to donate more overall and more to the out-group. Middle-aged adults’ donations did not vary according to priming condition. Results suggest that contemplation of mortality differentially affects charitable donations of young and older adults.
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Heldisari, Hana Permata. "Musical Ability and Interpersonal Intelligence in The Late Childhood Period". Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 4, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v4i2.18867.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Learning to adjust to peers and develop attitudes towards social groups and institutions is one of the developmental tasks of late childhood. Musical abilities present as innate and function since childhood.Associated with two things namely interpersonal intelligence and musical abilities, both are being developed in late childhood. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and interpersonal intelligence in the late childhood period. This research uses quantitative research method with the type of correlation. The population of this research was all students in grade 1-3 of Pangen Gudang Purworejo State Elementary School with a total of 107 people. The sample in this study was taken proportionally stratified random sampling, with a sample size of 32 people. The data collection was carried out by using questionnaire and test techniques. The data analysis uses product moment correlation, with musical ability as the independent variable and interpersonal intelligence as the dependent variable. The result showed that there was a strong and significant positive relationship between musical abilities and interpersonal intelligence in children during late childhood period. This evidence was obtained by r count > r table (0.643> 0.349) at 5% significance level. This means that the higher the musical ability, the higher the interpersonal intelligence students will have.
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Mudassar Hussain e Naeem Akhtar. "Theoretically Justification of Human Rights: A Case of Natural Rights Theory". Zakariya Journal of Social Science 2, n. 1 (30 giugno 2023): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.232.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The theoretical justification of natural rights examines the philosophical foundations and ethical principles that support the existence and applicability of these rights. People have some rights simply by being human, and neither groups nor governments may bestow them upon them, according to the idea of natural rights. It also provides a concise overview of the theories that support natural rights, including those that rely on moral intuition, human nature, and the Social Contract. The moral intuition approach maintains that natural rights are self-evident and universally accepted since they are based on our innate sense of right and wrong. It claims that certain inherent human rights are required for human flourishing and well-being. Based on the intrinsic qualities and needs of people, the human nature perspective defends natural rights. It argues that some rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, are derived from basic human attributes and abilities. According to the Social Contract theory, a hypothetical agreement among members of a community serves as the foundation for natural rights. It proposes that people voluntarily create a Social Contract to set up a governing body that upholds and defends their fundamental rights. These theoretical defenses offer frameworks for comprehending the nature, significance, and defense of natural rights. They emphasize on these rights’ intrinsic and universal nature, the value of human dignity, and the idea of inalienability. Individuals can live dignified lives by recognizing and upholding their natural rights.
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Duan, Yongzhong, Jieyuan Zeng, Shengtao Fan, Yun Liao, Min Feng, Lichun Wang, Ying Zhang e Qihan Li. "Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1–Encoded miR-H2-3p Manipulates Cytosolic DNA–Stimulated Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Targeting DDX41". Viruses 11, n. 8 (15 agosto 2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11080756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), one of the human pathogens widely epidemic and transmitted among various groups of people in the world, often causes symptoms known as oral herpes or lifelong asymptomatic infection. HSV-1 employs many sophisticated strategies to escape host antiviral immune response based on its multiple coding proteins. However, the functions involved in the immune evasion of miRNAs encoded by HSV-1 during lytic (productive) infection remain poorly studied. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and bioinformatics revealed that Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box helicase 41 (DDX41), a cytosolic DNA sensor of the DNA-sensing pathway, was a putative direct target gene of HSV-1-encoded miR-H2-3p. The transfection of miR-H2-3p mimics inhibited the expression of DDX41 at the level of mRNA and protein, as well as the expression of interferon beta (IFN-β) and myxoma resistance protein I (MxI) induced by HSV-1 infection in THP-1 cells, and promoted the viral replication and its gene transcription. However, the transfection of miR-H2-3p inhibitor showed opposite effects. This finding indicated that HSV-1-encoded miR-H2-3p attenuated cytosolic DNA–stimulated antiviral immune response by manipulating host DNA sensor molecular DDX41 to enhance virus replication in cultured cells.
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Radwan, Ghada Abd Eltawab, Ali El-Said Yousef e Mohamed Fathy Bayomy. "Serum interleukin 18 level in kidney diseases and age". Urology Annals 16, n. 2 (aprile 2024): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ua.ua_140_22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene, it is a member of the IL 1 family and has a molecular weight of 18 kDa. Innate and adaptive immunity can be regulated by IL-18, and disorders involving its dysregulation might result in inflammatory or autoimmune conditions. Aim of the Work: To distinguish between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic renal failure (CRF), this research investigates the utility of IL-18 as a novel biomarker and examines how age affects its level. Materials and Methods: Three hundred participants were included and divided into three groups using the following methodology. Group I consisted of 100 control subjects who were split up by age and gender. Group II consisted of 100 AKI patients who were divided into two groups and subgroups based on age and gender. Group III, which consisted of 100 CRF (hemodialyzed patients), was divided into two groups and subgroups, as patients with acute renal injury and previously healthy people. Patients’ blood was drawn to conduct a laboratory investigation blood urea, serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, pH, GFR and PCO2. Results: Patients with CRF had higher serum levels of IL-18 than patients with AKI, regardless of gender, and both groups of patients had levels of IL-18 that rise with age. Conclusion: IL-18 is a reliable indicator for the differentiation between AKI and CRF patients receiving hemodialysis and its level correlates with age independent with gender.
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SON, G. Kentak. "Cultural Race and an Inclusive Nationalism Sun Yat-sen’s (1866-1925) Nationalism during China’s Modernization". Cultura 17, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022020.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Sun Yat-Sen was a Chinese philosopher and politician, who served as the provisional first president of the Republic of China, and first leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China). He argued that common blood, language, customs, religion and livelihood were the five essential elements that constituted a nation. Sun was influenced by social Darwinism in his understanding that sociocultural forces could override the innate characteristics of race. Thus, he employed racially defined nationalism by invoking anti-Manchuism. Although China’s modernisation in the first decades of the 20th century was attributed to Sen, this paper shows that his insistence on the consanguine Han race produced inconsistencies, as his racially defined nationalism and republicanism were mutually exclusive, the latter being based on the inclusion of all citizens regardless of their ethnic background. Indeed, modern nations are constituted by both naturally inherited and culturally acquired qualities of the people. Since China consists of many ethnic groups, Sen’s emphasis on consanguine Chinese race has produced a racially exclusionary nation and has caused racial conflict.
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Melikhov, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "National security in the light of the organic theory of the State". Вопросы безопасности, n. 3 (marzo 2022): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.3.38550.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the phenomenon of national security through the prism of the organic theory of state and law. According to the author, national security is a projection of a person's vital needs for self-preservation, self-maintenance and self-reproduction of the multinational people of Russia. The novelty of this statement lies in the expansion of the traditional approach to the concept of security by the needs of self-maintenance and self-reproduction. The object of ensuring national security is the multinational people of the Russian Federation, which currently exists in the form of an individual, society and the state, in the past as a national history, culture, values, in the future - as a steadily developing independent subject of international relations. The main role of the national security is to find an optimal compromise between the interests of ensuring the security of the currently existing individuals, society and the state for the purpose of self-preservation, self-maintenance and self-reproduction of the multinational people of the Russian Federation in the past, present and future. The multinational people of the Russian Federation were formed as a result of the cultural and biological evolution of people with an optimal balance of altruistic and selfish behavior. Preserving and multiplying the population of people with these innate and acquired properties, as well as maintaining proportions between population groups with different ideological attitudes to perform a wide range of tasks is one of the first tasks of ensuring national security, normatively expressed as saving the people of the Russian Federation. The emergence of the institute of national security in law is connected with the need to harmonize the legal virtuality created over the past 30 years with human nature and objective geopolitical reality. The appeal to the institute of national security will lead to the creation of a national order, as enshrined in law, perceived by all and implemented in the present optimal algorithm of behavior of the individual, society and the state, ensuring the preservation of the past and sustainable development in the future of the multinational people of the Russian Federation.
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Urazmambetov, R. T., S. A. Chebotov e T. V. Loboda. "Features of both immune and psycho-emotional factors in the adaptive reactions of first-year students". Medical Herald of the South of Russia 14, n. 4 (11 dicembre 2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-4-29-34.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: comparative characteristics of indicators of psycho-emotional and immune statuses of first-year students in various conditions of the educational process.Materials and methods: 2nd groups of first-year students of Rostov State Medical University from the medical and preventive faculty (18 people) and the military training center (17 people) were examined. They were all comparable in age (19 ±1 and 19±2 years), gender (all men), physical condition (corresponded to the I-st health group). The immune status was assessed at the Research Institute of Clinical Immunology using standard methodological approaches. Psychological testing was carried out using the Spielberger-Khanin scale, A. Beck's depression diagnostic methodology, and K. Rogers and R. Diamond questionnaire.Results: the differences in the immune response system between the compared groups were revealed only in relation to the parameters characterizing innate immunity. In relation to Medical and Preventive Faculty students, the functional capabilities of natural killers in Military Training Centre students are reduced and the expression of one of the most indicative pattern-recognizing receptors by monocytes is diminished. The analysis of the obtained data of the psychological questionnaire showed that the students of the Military Training Centredemonstrate a lower degree of situational and personal anxiety with a lower degree of adaptation in comparison with the first-year students of the Medical and Preventive Faculty.Conclusion: the immune system indicators responsible for the processes of primary immune response are reduced in military medical students comparing with medical students, which in its turn forms possible prerequisites for the development of clinical manifestations of immune dysfunction. The period of psychological adaptation to the educational process in a medical university is less successful for first-year students of the Military Training Centre. It is necessary to develop measures aimed at increasing the sense of responsibility, psychoemotional and immune adaptation resources.
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Kuna, Anna, e Anna Katarzyna Wrońska. "Minerals and their role in the optimal functioning of the immune system – literature review". Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 39, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An adequate supply of minerals in the diet is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. This applies to both the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, and in particular, the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance of the body. For most people, a balanced diet is sufficient to provide the body with adequate amounts of minerals. However, certain groups are particularly at risk of deficiencies in these nutrients. These include people who perform frequent and intense sports training when the body does not have an opportunity to regenerate properly. The aim of this paper was to discuss the role of minerals in the suitable functioning of the immune system. The following review of the latest literature focuses on the role of magnesium, zinc, iron and selenium as the components of greatest importance in immunology. The effects of a deficiency of these minerals and their impact on the maturation and function of immunocompetent cells, antibody production, cytokine production and immune pathways are discussed. The review was based on the available data collected in the PubMed database and in the Google Scholar search engine using the keywords: “the role of magnesium in the immune system”, “the role of zinc in the immune system”, “the role of iron in the immune system”, the role of selenium in the immune system”, “mineral deficiencies in athletes”, “impact of intense physical exercise on the immune system”.
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Cofnas, Nathan. "The Anti-Jewish Narrative". Philosophia 49, n. 4 (3 febbraio 2021): 1329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-021-00322-w.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAccording to the mainstream narrative about race, all groups have the same innate dispositions and potential, and all disparities—at least those favoring whites—are due to past or present racism. Some people who reject this narrative gravitate toward an alternative, anti-Jewish narrative, which sees recent history in terms of a Jewish/gentile conflict. The most sophisticated promoter of the anti-Jewish narrative is the evolutionary psychologist Kevin MacDonald. MacDonald argues that Jews have a suite of genetic adaptations—including high intelligence and ethnocentrism—and cultural practices that lead them to undermine gentile society to advance their own evolutionary interests. He says that Jewish-designed intellectual movements have weakened gentile identity and culture while preserving Jewish identity and separatism. Cofnas recently argued that MacDonald’s theory is based on “systematically misrepresented sources and cherry-picked facts.” However, Cofnas gave short shrift to at least three key claims: (a) Jews are highly ethnocentric, (b) liberal Jews hypocritically advocate liberal multiculturalism for gentiles/gentile countries but racial purity and separatism for Jews/Israel, and (c) Jews are responsible for liberalism and mass immigration to the United States. The present paper examines these claims and concludes that MacDonald’s views are not supported.
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Martens, Pieter-Jan, Conny Gysemans e Chantal Mathieu. "100 YEARS OF INSULIN: Arresting or curing type 1 diabetes: an elusive goal, but closing the gap". Journal of Endocrinology 249, n. 2 (maggio 2021): T1—T11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-20-0552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents, but remains unpreventable and incurable. The discovery of insulin, already 100 years ago, embodied a lifesaver for people with type 1 diabetes as it allowed the replacement of all functions of the beta cell. Nevertheless, despite all technological advances, the majority of type 1 diabetic patients fail to reach the recommended target HbA1c levels. The disease-associated complications remain the true burden of affected individuals and necessitate the search for disease prevention and reversal. The recognition that type 1 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with an etiology in which both the innate and adaptive immune system as well as the insulin-producing beta cells intimately interact, has fostered the idea that treatment to specific molecular or cellular characteristics of the patient groups will be needed. Moreover, robust and reliable biomarkers to detect type 1 diabetes in the early (pre-symptomatic) phases are wanted to preserve functional beta cell mass. The pitfalls of past therapeutics along with the perspectives of current therapies can open up the path for future research.
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Vakili, Poya, Shahed Meshgini, Fatemeh Jalilian, Ilgar Amjadi, Mobina Belalzadeh e Mina Deljavan Ghodrati. "The Effect of Sericin on Heat Shock Proteins 60 and 90, and TLR2 and TLR4 Induced by Chronic Heat Stress in Male Mice". Biomedical Research Bulletin 1, n. 2 (29 giugno 2023): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/biomedrb.2023.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Heat stress followed by heat stroke, which is caused by an increase in body temperature to more than 40 °C, is a medical emergency that affects many people in work situations and weather conditions and results in irreversible neurological and cognitive damage. Methods: In general, 75 male albino mice in the weight range of 28-30 g were used in the present study. The mice were divided into 5 groups of 15, including the control group, heat stress (HS) group, HS group+sericin 100, HS group+sericin 150, and HS group+sericin 200. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor (TLR4) expression levels were measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression of hsp60 and hsp90 proteins was measured using a western blot. Results: The expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors increased significantly with the passage of time as a result of stimulation. Western blot results showed that the expression levels of HSP60 and HSP90 increased as well. Conclusion: The results of RT-PCR revealed that HS significantly increases the expression of innate immune system receptors such as TLR2 and TLR4.
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Barlow, Helen. "‘Praise the Lord! We are a Musical Nation’: The Welsh Working Classes and Religious Singing". Nineteenth-Century Music Review 17, n. 3 (14 aprile 2020): 445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409819000570.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The title quotation from Under Milk Wood encapsulates a widely held belief in the innate musicality of the Welsh and its religious roots. These roots were put down deeply during the nineteenth century, in a huge expansion of choral and congregational singing across Wales and particularly in the industrial communities. This development has been described as ‘a democratic popular choral culture rooted in the lives of ordinary people’, and central to it was the cymanfa ganu, the mass hymn-singing festival. Choral and congregational singing, typified by the cymanfa ganu, underpinned the perception of Wales by the Welsh and by many non-Welsh people as ‘the land of song’.Alongside this phenomenon ran the tradition of the plygain, a Welsh Christmas carol service. While the cymanfa developed in nonconformist chapels in the mid to late nineteenth century, and on a large – often massive – scale, the plygain is a tradition dating from a period much further back, when Welsh Christianity was Catholic; it belonged to agricultural workers rather than the industrial communities; and the singers sang in much smaller groups – often just twos or threes.This article describes the nature and origins of these contrasting traditions, and looks at the responses of listeners both Welsh and non-Welsh, and the extent to which they perceived these practices as expressive of a peculiarly Welsh identity. It also considers some of the problems of gathering evidence of working-class responses, and how far the sources give an insight into working-class listening experiences.
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Mittal, Shruti, Mamata Mahapatra e Shadab Ahamad Ansari. "Effect of Art Therapy on Adolescents’ Mental Health". Российский психологический журнал 19, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21702/rpj.2022.4.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. Adolescent children continue to be vulnerable to issues of mental health. A significant population of these groups suffers from peer pressure, depression, anxiety and parental pressure. Many adolescent people fail to express their emotions to other people. As a result, they experience low self-esteem, fail to communicate effectively and sometimes even fail to appreciate their personalities. Theoretical Basis. A research study that employs the systematic review follows formulated questions. In this research, the formulated question guides understanding the relevance of studies in the matter under investigation. The method effectively identifies the research question using the PICOTS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing and Setting) framework. Results and Discussion. Research obtained from the American Art Therapy Association informs on the efficacy of art therapy. In various ways, researchers observe that it has a positive effect on general mental health regardless of the artistic experience. Thus, art therapy has a general benefit to the community at large while influencing the impact of mental and physical health. Researchers should plan to evaluate the extreme effects of art therapy on mental health diagnosis, treatment alternatives, and integration into learning environments in future studies. Art therapy is one of the important mental health interventions with significant benefits to these adolescents. The intervention tends to offer an integrated approach treatment that focuses on mental and emotional complications. Professional therapists argue that art therapy offers an innate communication and expressive chance for individuals with mental conditions. Additionally, the therapeutic intervention covers the needs of the patient, setting the creative engagement platform.
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Jayarathne, Avanthi, e W. D. Chandrasena. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY IN TEACHING SCIENCE FOR GRADE EIGHT STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY IN SRI LANKA". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, n. 4 (11 agosto 2020): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.881.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Science is highly important as it focusses on enhancing the quality of human life. Though, science is perceived to be an interesting discipline, students’ performance in the field of school science is not very satisfactory. Self-determination theory (SDT) assumes that inherent in human nature is the propensity to be curious about one’s environment and interested in learning and developing one’s knowledge. Thus, SDT can be used to teach science effectively in classrooms to enhance students’ performance. As described in SDT, people have three innate psychological needs; competence, autonomy and relatedness. If these needs are fulfilled, the optimal functioning of human beings can be obtained. Hence, this study focused in investigating the effectiveness of using SDT in teaching “Main Biological Processes in Plants” for Grade 8 students. The study was conducted using two groups of students as the experimental and the control. The experimental group was instructed using SDT while the control group was taught using traditional method. The students’ performance, psychological relatedness, competence, and the autonomy showed higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, the results indicate that the instructional approach based on SDT is very effective compared to traditional approach of instruction in teaching science as SDT approach develops intrinsic motivation of students.
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Rončević, Tomislav, Jasna Puizina e Alessandro Tossi. "Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infective Agents in Pre-Post-Antibiotic Era?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 22 (14 novembre 2019): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225713.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main current threats to human health and every year multi-drug resistant bacteria are infecting millions of people worldwide, with many dying as a result. Ever since their discovery, some 40 years ago, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate defense have been hailed as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their relatively low potential to elicit resistance. Despite continued effort by both academia and start-ups, currently there are still no antibiotics based on AMPs in use. In this study, we discuss what we know and what we do not know about these agents, and what we need to know to successfully translate discovery to application. Understanding the complex mechanics of action of these peptides is the main prerequisite for identifying and/or designing or redesigning novel molecules with potent biological activity. However, other aspects also need to be well elucidated, i.e., the (bio)synthetic processes, physiological and pathological contexts of their activity, and a quantitative understanding of how physico-chemical properties affect activity. Research groups worldwide are using biological, biophysical, and algorithmic techniques to develop models aimed at designing molecules with the necessary blend of antimicrobial potency and low toxicity. Shedding light on some open questions may contribute toward improving this process.
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Sumantri, Stevent, e Iris Rengganis. "Immunological dysfunction and mast cell activation syndrome in long COVID". Asia Pacific Allergy 13, n. 1 (marzo 2023): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At least 65 million people around the world suffer from long COVID-19, with the majority of cases occurring in the productive age (36–50 years old). Individuals with long COVID-19 are confounded with multiple organ system dysfunctions, long-term organ injury sequelae, and a decreased quality of life. There is an overlapping of risk factors between long COVID-19 and other postviral infection syndromes, so advances in research could also benefit other groups of patients. Long COVID-19 is the consequence of multiple immune system dysregulation, such as T-cell depletion, innate immune cell hyperactivity, lack of naive T and B cells, and elevated signature of pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 reservoir and other consequences of acute infection. There is an activated condition of mast cells in long COVID-19, with abnormal granulation and excessive inflammatory cytokine release. A study by Weinstock et al. indicates that patients with long COVID-19 suffer the same clinical syndrome as patients with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). Diagnosis and treatment of MCAS in patients with long COVID-19 will provide further symptomatic relief, and manage mast cell-mediated hyperinflammation states, which could be useful in the long-term control and recovery of such patients.
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Wai, Zubairu. "Rethinking War and Violence in Sierra Leone: The RUF and the Nature and Condition of Insurgency Violence". African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review 13, n. 1 (marzo 2023): 44–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900890.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: One of the most perplexing contradictions of the Sierra Leonean civil war was the disconnect between an insurgency movement that defined its project as an emancipatory program of national liberation and the large-scale violence, destructions, and brutalities it inflicted on the rural poor and other marginalized groups in the name of that project. A question that has thus continued to plague the war is why a movement that claimed to be fighting on behalf of the poor and marginalized also ended up committing horrific atrocities against the very people on whose behalf it claimed to be fighting. What explains this radical disconnect between the pronouncements of the insurgents and their actions? In this article, I return to the Sierra Leonean civil war to grapple with this question about the nature and condition of violence in that war. I suggest that violence in the Sierra Leonean civil war, and more specifically, the behavior and conduct of the RUF and other combatants during the war, cannot be explained by recourse to fabulous ideas about the psychobiological characteristics innate to certain groups or societies that predispose them to violence, but to complex sociohistorical processes and structures that define everyday power and social relations. Ultimately, it was these sociohistorical structures and the way they manifest and structure power and social relations in Sierra Leone, as well as the failure of the RUF and its leadership to establish conditions of insurgency action capable of transcending, rather than amplifying, this violence embedded in the postcolonial Sierra Leonean state that determined the nature of violence during the war.
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Naiff, Priscilla, Selma Kuckelhaus, Shirley Couto, Mariângela Oliveira, Luander Santiago, Andrea Cascaes, Larissa Silva et al. "Phagocytic activity of monocytes and neutrophils in patients with periodontitis, whether or not associated to type 2 diabetes". Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 34, n. 3 (dicembre 2021): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.34/3/201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Phagocytic functions by neutrophils/ monocytes and biochemical parameters were assessed in peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis, whether or not associated to type 2 diabetes, or patients with type 2 diabetes, or systemically healthy people. Fifty-eight participants were divided into four groups: Control – systemically and periodontally healthy patients (C, n=16), Periodontitis (P, n=14), Type 2 Diabetes (DM, n=11) and Periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes (DMP, n=17). Blood samples were used to analyze phagocytic activity and the production of superoxide anion using optical microscopy. Significantly lower phagocytic activity of neutrophils was observed in non-opsonized samples (p = 0.008, Kruskal- Wallis) of the periodontitis group and in opsonized samples (p = 0.029, Kruskal-Wallis) of the periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes group when these groups were compared to the healthy individuals when a 20:1 yeast: phagocyte stimulus was used. Periodontitis patients, whether associated (p = 0.0007, sensitized; Kruskal-Wallis, 20:1) or not with diabetes (p = 0.018 and 0.0007, in the proportions 5:1 and 20:1 yeast: monocyte respectively in sensitized samples; Kruskal-Wallis) also showed lower phagocytic function of monocytes compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the production of superoxide anion among the evaluated groups. Severe clinical attachment loss was associated with lower levels of HDL in periodontitis patients and a higher percentage of A1C in diabetes with periodontitis patients (p< 0.05; Pearson and Spearman correlations, respectively). Patients with both associated diseases had higher levels of triglycerides and CRP (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis) compared to patients with diabetes only. The results of the present study suggest that periodontitis negatively interferes with the innate immune response and may represent a major risk of systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients or even in healthy individuals.
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Adnan Kadhem, Dhuha. "Evaluation Of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity In Cardiovascular Diseases Patients In Najaf Governorate". Medical Science Journal for Advance Research 3, n. 4 (23 dicembre 2022): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46966/msjar.v3i4.83.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial constituent of innate immunity, mediating caspase-1 stimulation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin one and Interleukin-18. Still, abnormal activating of the NLRP3 inflammasome is being connected to a number of inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are still widespread with significant deaths and morbidity ratios. Most CVDs are caused by vascular damage, including atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and subsequent ischemic heart conditions. Aim of the study: Evaluation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cardiovascular diseases.Methodology: This study (cross-sectional study) included 200 individuals with cardiovascular disorders from January 2022 and May . The patients ranged in age from (1 to 80) years old, with 58 females and 142 males among the 200 cases. The serum samples of patients were obtained for screening of the presence of NLRP3 Inflammasome by ELISA using commercial kits (SUNLONG_CHINA).Results: Patients with cardiovascular disease were divided into 4 aging groups as, the following: The 1st age group (<20) yrs. old, The 2nd age group (20-39) yrs. old, The 3rd age group (40-59) yrs. old, and the last group, is(60-79). The results clearly showed that a high percentage of ischemic heart disease was present among all age groups compared to others types followed by structural heart disease. The current study's cardiovascular patients were higher in males compared to females by about 142(71%) vs 58(29%) of all 200 participants. The study indicates that significant results for NLRP3 inflammasome were present among age groups patients with a p-Value equal to 0.03, it also indicates that there are no significant results for NLRP3 inflammasome among sex groups of patients with a p-Value equal to 0.402. And also an association between CVD and study marker showed no significant difference between seropositive NLRP3 inflammasome with cardiovascular disease types.
Conclusions: The most common cardiovascular type in the study was ischemic heart disease. Cardiovascular disease affects men more than women, and it gets worse as people get older.
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Farias, Marcella Nogueira, Natalí Camposano Calças, Luciane Perez Da Costa, Thaís de Sousa da Silva Oliveira, Raquel Santiago Hairrman, Munique Manuela da Silva Trindade, Maria Cecília de Oliveira Moraes e Amanda Kethleen Marques De Oliveira. "Nutritional status of a leprosy patient in a referral hospital: case report / Estado nutricional de um paciente com hanseníase em um hospital de referência: relato de caso". Brazilian Journal of Health Review 5, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2022): 2192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n1-193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Leprosy is an infectious, communicable, and chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The inflammatory state of leprosy can be influenced by several environmental factors, and the nutritional status is considered one of the modulators of the immune response and a determinant of the risk and prognosis of the disease. Currently, there is little evidence on the relationship between eating habits and such nutritional status. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nutritional status and its role in leprosy, and consequently, in leprosy reactions in a hospitalized patient. The research is a case report, where to perform data collection an interview was conducted during daily visits to the patient, in which a semi-structured form and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were applied, and information was collected from the electronic medical record, in the month of October 2021. The nutritional diagnosis indicated malnutrition, with slight loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue. The FFQ showed low food intake in all food groups, with deficiency in macro and micronutrients. Malnutrition affects the innate and adaptive immune response, which ends up compromising the body's defenses to infectious agents. The lack of macro and micronutrients observed through FFQ is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, a balanced diet should be composed of foods from all food groups, becoming qualitatively and quantitatively appropriate to the eating habits. An adequate nutritional status becomes a powerful ally to aid in leprosy treatment since a variety of nutrients in balanced quantities combats malnutrition, strengthening the immune system and allowing an improvement in the quality of life of people with the disease.
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AL-ROBAIEE, Sanhareeb Wajdi Sabih, Sura Zahim HUSSEIN e Ahmed Sami FARHAN. "Inflammatory Effect of Leptin and C-reactive Protein with Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine 29, n. 4 (14 dicembre 2022): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31689/rmm.2022.29.4.307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and objectives: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Immune system activation is highly related to type 2 diabetes incidence, progression, adaptive and innate immunity is involved in the inflammation. Vitamin D insufficiency causes insulin resistance as well as glucose intolerance, which are symptoms of significant vitamin D deficiency. Increased inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance are prominent symptoms of this illness. Materials and methods: Serum specimens were taken from 120 people, with 70 patients (35 males and 35 females) with type 2 diabetic individuals and 50 healthy controls (25 males and 25 females) divided into two groups. Patients in the study population ranged from (18-50) years old and were hospitalized at Ballad and Salah Aldeen General Hospitals in Salah Aldeen province from August 2019 to February 2020. Results: Vitamin D levels were considerably reduced in females and male diabetic patients compared to controls, while leptin levels were elevated with ALP levels that were slightly diminished in diabetic males compared to controls but higher in diabetic females. Both C-reactive protein and serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in male and female diabetic patients compared to controls. In addition, these were increased in male diabetic individuals when compared to female diabetic individuals. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes individuals, severe vitamin D deficiency and increased leptin cause inflammation and complicate bone metabolic illness.
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Iqbal, Ahmed, Lynne R. Prince, Peter Novodvorsky, Alan Bernjak, Mark R. Thomas, Lewis Birch, Danielle Lambert et al. "Effect of Hypoglycemia on Inflammatory Responses and the Response to Low-Dose Endotoxemia in Humans". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, n. 4 (24 settembre 2018): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Context Hypoglycemia is emerging as a risk for cardiovascular events in diabetes. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia activates the innate immune system, which is known to increase cardiovascular risk. Objective To determine whether hypoglycemia modifies subsequent innate immune system responses. Design and Setting Single-blinded, prospective study of three independent parallel groups. Participants and Interventions Twenty-four healthy participants underwent either a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic (2.5 mmol/L), euglycemic (6.0 mmol/L), or sham-saline clamp (n = 8 for each group). After 48 hours, all participants received low-dose (0.3 ng/kg) intravenous endotoxin. Main Outcome Measures We studied in-vivo monocyte mobilization and monocyte-platelet interactions. Results Hypoglycemia increased total leukocytes (9.98 ± 1.14 × 109/L vs euglycemia 4.38 ± 0.53 × 109/L, P < 0.001; vs sham-saline 4.76 ± 0.36 × 109/L, P < 0.001) (mean ± SEM), mobilized proinflammatory intermediate monocytes (42.20 ± 7.52/μL vs euglycemia 20.66 ± 3.43/μL, P < 0.01; vs sham-saline 26.20 ± 3.86/μL, P < 0.05), and nonclassic monocytes (36.16 ± 4.66/μL vs euglycemia 12.72 ± 2.42/μL, P < 0.001; vs sham-saline 19.05 ± 3.81/μL, P < 0.001). Following hypoglycemia vs euglycemia, platelet aggregation to agonist (area under the curve) increased (73.87 ± 7.30 vs 52.50 ± 4.04, P < 0.05) and formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates increased (96.05 ± 14.51/μL vs 49.32 ± 6.41/μL, P < 0.05). Within monocyte subsets, hypoglycemia increased aggregation of intermediate monocytes (10.51 ± 1.42/μL vs euglycemia 4.19 ± 1.08/μL, P < 0.05; vs sham-saline 3.81± 1.42/μL, P < 0.05) and nonclassic monocytes (9.53 ± 1.08/μL vs euglycemia 2.86 ± 0.72/μL, P < 0.01; vs sham-saline 3.08 ± 1.01/μL, P < 0.05), with platelets compared with controls. Hypoglycemia led to greater leukocyte mobilization in response to subsequent low-dose endotoxin challenge (10.96 ± 0.97 vs euglycemia 8.21 ± 0.85 × 109/L, P < 0.05). Conclusions Hypoglycemia mobilizes monocytes, increases platelet reactivity, promotes interaction between platelets and proinflammatory monocytes, and potentiates the subsequent immune response to endotoxin. These changes may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk observed in people with diabetes.
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Takeuchi, Haruko, Md Alfazal Khan, Khalequz Zaman, Sayaka Takanashi, S. M. Tafsir Hasan, Mohammad Yunus e Tsutomu Iwata. "Classification of Wheezing Children in Rural Bangladesh by Intensity of Ascaris Infection, Total and Specific IgE Levels, History of Pneumonia, and Other Risk Factors". Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (5 dicembre 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4236825.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common soil-transmitted helminth and infects 447 million people in impoverished areas worldwide. It causes serious morbidity including wheezing and influences various aspects of human immunity, such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulatory T cell function, and acquired immunity. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate its influence on human immunity. We aimed to classify wheezing children based on their Ascaris infection intensity and other risk factors using hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the mechanisms of and the degree to which Ascaris contributes to childhood wheezing in rural Bangladesh. We analyzed relevant data collected in 2001. The participants included 219 5-year-old wheezing children who were randomly selected from 1705 children living in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using variables of history of pneumonia, total and specific immunoglobulin E levels, Ascaris infection intensity, and parental asthma. Three distinct wheezing groups were identified. Children in Cluster 1 (n=50) had the highest titers of the total, anti-Ascaris, anti-Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and anticockroach IgEs and experienced the fewest episodes of pneumonia. Cluster 2 (n=114), the largest group, experienced few episodes of pneumonia and had the lowest titers of the total, anti-Ascaris, anti-Dp, and anticockroach IgEs. Cluster 3 (n=32) consisted of participants with the most episodes of pneumonia and lower titers of the total and specific IgEs. The extremely high prevalence of Ascaris infection found in Clusters 1-3 was 78%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Childhood wheezing in rural Bangladesh could be divided into three groups, with 26% of wheezing attributable to anti-Ascaris IgE and 16% to history of pneumonia during early childhood, and 58% might have been due to Ascaris infection without elevated anti-Ascaris IgE.
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Yahya, Mohammed, Yousif Ali Rahamtalla, Nasr Mohammed Nasr e Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish. "Evaluation of serum complement C4 among COVID-19 patients in Khartoum state: a case control-based study". F1000Research 12 (21 aprile 2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132670.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The complement system is made up of an abundance of unique plasma proteins that play an important role in innate immunity and inflammation, aiding in the fight against pathogenic microbes and viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum complement C4 concentration in COVID-19 patients in Khartoum and compare them to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected, 50 samples from COVID-19 patients who presented as cases and 50 samples from people who were evidently healthy. Overall, 33 (66%) the patient populations in the case group were not in the hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU), compared to 17 (34%) who were. The concentrations of C4 in each serum sample were calculated in milligrams per deciliter. SPSS version (20) was used to analyze the data. Results: The means level of complement C4 (mg/dL) were 37.44±18.618, 23.90±10.229 in the case group and in the control group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in complement C4 level between case and control (p-values ≤0.01). In addition, the mean complement C4 level in the ICU and non-ICU case groups was 25.00±17.85 and 43.85±15.712 mg/dL, respectively. There was a statistically significant variance in complement C4 level between ICU and non-ICU (p-values ≤0.01). Furthermore, the cases were divided into four age groups: 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and over 80 years old. The one-way ANOVA test showed no statistically significant differences between age categories in complement C4 level (P = 0.735) Conclusions: The case group had a higher mean level of complement C4 than the control group, which could be understood by the stimulation of the complement cascade during the COVID-19 illness. Furthermore, the complement C4 level in severe COVID-19 patients was lower than in non-severe COVID-19.
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Gnid, M. R. "INDEX ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, n. 2 (27 settembre 2022): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.2.41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Periodontal disease is a global public health concern. The presence of accompanying somatic pathology, in particular, rheumatologic, is a significant factor that underlies the course and prognosis of periodontal diseases. Gout is a chronic, progressive disease associated with a purine metabolism disorder that is characterized by an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, hyperuricemia, and deposits of the sodium salt of uric acid in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs
with the further development of acute arthritis and the formation of gouty nodules (tophus). Though gout is considered as well studied diseases, but, nevertheless, its aetiology and pathogenesis are not completely clear. Recent studies have reported a rapid increase in prevalence of gout, especially in young people, early complications, involvement of the cardiovascular system and kidneys in the pathological process. Moreover, patients with gout demonstrate the growth of dental pathology, in particular, periodontal disease. Despite the difference in the causative factors, the commonality of inflammation in the tissues of the periodontium and joints, kidneys, and endothelium in gout is quite natural, since sodium monourate crystals induce a response of a non-specific link of innate immunity, similar to a microbial process. There are a few studies investigating the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with gout. The aim of this work is to perform the index assessment of periodontal tissues in patients with gout. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the main one included 131 patients with gout and periodontal diseases; and the group of comparison was composed of 54 people with periodontal disease without rheumatologic pathology. The age of the participants ranged from 30 to 59 years. In patients with gout, the values of periodontal indices were significantly higher in all age categories, compared to the individuals without rheumatologic pathology. The average value of the PI index in patients with gout corresponded to a severe degree of periodontitis, and was 2.5 times higher than in people without comorbid pathology, who had moderate periodontitis. Over the age of 40, the patients of the main group developed severe periodontitis. The reference value of the PMA index in both examined groups corresponded to the average degree of gingivitis; however, in the patients with gout, this indicator was 1.5 times higher than in the comparison group. Thus, the pathogenetic mechanisms formed in gout, the main of which is hyperuricemia, are determinants of the development and severity of destructive-inflammatory lesions of the periodontium.
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Jafar, Israa, Hanaa Addai Ali, Rawaa Adday Ali e Mohauman Mohammed Al-Rufaie. "Assessing the role of serum Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels in hypothyroidism patients as risk marker of insulin resistance". Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 36, n. 3 (1 settembre 2023): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction. Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis and monitoring of this condition often rely on thyroid hormone levels, which can be limited in their accuracy. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a protein family that is involved in the innate immune response and is distinguished by its distinct pentameric structure. Aim. To evaluate the utility of serum PTX3 levels in detecting and monitoring hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods. A case-control design of the study included 90 participants between the ages of 20 and 50 years. These participants were divided into three groups: overt hypothyroidism (OH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and a control group of healthy individuals. Anthropometric data, including age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hormonal parameters were measured and recorded for each participant. Results. Our work demonstrates that serum PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in individuals with hypothyroidism, compared to those with normal thyroid function (p<0.001). Furthermore, PTX3 levels correlated positively with TSH levels (r=0.62, p<0.001) and negatively with T4 levels (r= -0.53, p<0.001). Conclusion. The findings suggest that serum PTX3 levels can be a useful biomarker for detecting and monitoring hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of SCH. The study’s exclusion criteria made sure that no other systemic illnesses or medication use could have tainted the findings. Therefore, the use of plasma PTX3 levels in hypothyroidism detection and monitoring may prove to be a valuable clinical tool in the future.