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Tesi sul tema "Inhibiteurs – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Perez-Anes, Alexandra. "Dendrimères phosphorés catanioniques inhibiteurs du VIH : propriétés physico-chimiques et activité antivirale". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1183/.
Testo completoThe galactosylceramide or GalCer, a glycolipid derived, is a cellular receptor of the HIV. It acts through its high affinity for the V3 loop of gp120 of HIV. One therapeutic strategie employed involves the synthesis of chimeras designed to mimic the receptor and then, to block the recognition between the virus and the cells GalCer (+) and CD4 (+). In addition, the most cell recognition processes are multivalent. The inhibition of these processes is more effective when a multivalent inhibitor is used. It is within this context that the use of phosphorus dendrimers catanionic GalCer analogues mimicking cell surfaces was considered. These compounds are obtained by a simple acid-base reaction in water between an acid-terminated dendrimer and a long chain aminosugar called aminolactitol. These catanionics dendrimers are supramolecular assemblies whose stability is ensured by hydrophobic interactions between the dendrimer branches and the chains of amino sugar. Previous work conducted in our laboratories have shown that these multivalent analogs of GalCer are very good inhibitors of HIV-1 but they have a non-negligible cell toxicity. In order to reduce the cytotoxicity and to study the influence of the periphery of the dendrimer on the anti-HIV activity by introducing various chemical modifications near the ion pair, we designed a series of first generation phosphonic acid-terminated dendrimers and their catanionic analogs of GalCer. The central hypothesis of this strategy was the possibility of increasing the stability of the ion pair through chemical changes, including increased hydrophobic effects by an additional alkyl chain. This series of catanionic analogs of GalCer shows a very good activity but a low therapeutic index due to relatively high values of toxicity, despite the structural changes made. For this reason, first of all, we have verified that this cytotoxicity was not related to aggregation properties of these catanionic dendritic analogues. This validation has confirmed our initial hypothesis that explains the cytotoxicity by a lack of in vitro stability of the ion pair, and the partial release of aminolactitol in the biological environment. This detergency effect could explain this cytotoxicity. To validate this hypothesis, fluorimetry experiments were performed using model compounds. For that, new catanionic fluorescent analogues have been designed. The dissociation constants obtained by spectrofluorometry are low (about 10-5 M) for all dendrimers. This means that the ion pair is partially dissociated in the cell culture medium. It can be possible that interactions between the aminolactitols of catanionic assemblies and cellular receptors enhance the dissociation. Indeed, these dissociation constants are 10000 times larger than those corresponding to other biological partners of GalCer. For instance, the dissociation constant of the gp120-GalCer complex is the order of nanomoles. Although this is a model, the ion pair is probably not able to maintain the association catanionic. This work allowed us to correlate the biological properties of catanionic dendrimers and their physico-chemical properties and may help to design other multivalent analogs of GalCer which can be more efficient
Janthawornpong, Karnjapan. "Biosynthèse des isoprénoïdes par la voie du méthylérythritol phosphate : contribution à l'étude de l'enzyme LytB, une réductase à centre Fe/S". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6267.
Testo completoLytB, a [4Fe-4S] ~+ protein, catalyzes the reduction of HMBPP to IPP and DMAPP in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Due to the oxygen sensitivity of the Fe/S cluster, the enzyme had to be reconstituted with FeCI3, Na2S, and OTT or purified in the glove box containing less than 2 ppm of oxygen. Two enzymatic assay methods were developed to determine LytB kinetic parameters. The radiometric method counts directly the amounts of products formed whereas the spectrophotometric method is based on the change in NADPH absorbance, which in combination with flavodoxin reductase (FpRl) and flavodoxin (FldA) forms the reducing system required for the reaction. The Km of LytB for HMBPP measured from the radiometric method was different from the Km published by a competitor group but was in agreement with the previous results obtained in the laboratory. Due to the limit in sensitivity of the spectrophotometer, the exact Km cannot be determined from the spectrophotometric tests. Both reconstituted and glove box purified LytB gave the same range of Km. The mechanism of LytB was investigated using two HMBPP analogues. Tests showed that these analogues were not substrates of LytB but reversible and competitive inhibitors. One of these two analogues is a slow binding inhibitor. According to the radiometric method, the Ki of both inhibitors were in the nanomolar range. Attempts were made to identify the biosynthetic route of natural rubber in Ficus elastica. The isolation protocols of the key isoprenoids, (ficaprenols, phytol, and P-sitosterol) from this plant have been developed, but the biosynthesis route of ficaprenols could not be assessed
Bololoi, Ana-Maria Cristina. "Nouveaux amphiphiles catanioniques analogues du galactosylcéramide : corrélation structure, propriétés physico-chimiques et activité anti-VIH". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/232/.
Testo completoThis study was focused on the development of new catanionic surfactant analogues of GalCer (an alternative cellular receptor of the HIV) for the anti-HIV therapy. The first part of the study was focused on new dendritic catanionic associations having a reduced toxicity and which were intended to be used as multisite chimeras for the HIV. The biological tests, the physico-chemical properties and the interaction of these compounds with a membrane model allowed us to establish a relationship between the structure, the hydrophoby, the conformation and the biological activity of these products. The aim of the second part of the study was to build up an anti-HIV drug delivery system. In this purpose new hybrid (fluorinated/hydrogenated) catanionic analogues of GalCer were investigated. Among these compounds which are able to spontaneously form vesicles in water having a good stability in time, we identified a very promising candidate for the delivery of anti-HIV drugs to the infected cells
Dutoit, Agathe. "Approche multi-échelle des interactions entre inhibiteurs bactériens et milieux biphasiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0035.
Testo completoThe use of natural antimicrobial compounds is common for controlling the growth of pathogenic or spoilage spore-forming bacteria in foods. Some of these compounds exhibit reduced inhibitory efficacy due to food matrices structural and physico-chemical complexity. The inhibitory properties of seven compounds were assessed on the growth of B. weihenstephanensis KBAB4 by modelling, and related to their physico-chemical characteristics. It appears that in an aqueous nutrient media, the inhibitory effectiveness of a compound is due to its lipophilicity, characterized by a higher dissociation at acidic pH or a higher partition coefficient (log P). The presence of a dispersed oil phase in a biphasic medium, an O/W emulsion, modulated the inhibitory activity of lipophilic fatty acids, highlighting the diffusivity of these acids between phases. Moreover, the lipophilic nature of caprylic acid allowed interactions with the emulsifiers used for system stabilization, thereby reducing its inhibitory activity. The inhibitory effectiveness of a hydrophilic acid (such as lactic acid) in these biphasic systems primarily depends on the pH of the medium but can also impact their structure. It was also shown that exposure to a model emulsion resulted in a loss of culturability of KBAB4 strain on BHA medium. This work has allowed to understand the interactions between spore-forming bacteria, inhibitory compounds and the components of an O/W emulsion, to optimize the formulation of healthy and safe food products
Lavnevich, Leonid. "Assemblage supramoléculaire à base de cyclodextrines et ses applications". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS091.pdf.
Testo completoNature and years of evolution have produced architectures of impressive sophistication, made up of several elementary bricks that assemble in a remarkably controlled manner to give a functional structure. Imitating this type of architecture with simple and synthetic species is one of the major scientific challenges. In this project we focused on developing a system based on cyclodextrins, which is a natural and low cost sugar. A chemically modified cyclodextrin is capable of self-assembling into small oligomers through host-guest interaction. A side group can be added and depending on its nature this oligomer can then interact either with nucleic acids or with multivalent surfaces. Thus in this work, we conducted a structural study of the supramolecular assembly, recalling the structure and functions of the Tobacco mosaic virus, by high-resolution cryo-EM, 3D reconstruction, SPR and X-ray diffraction. In addition, we performed functionalization of the monomers by inhibitory epitopes and explored their use as multivalent supramolecular inhibitors of glycosidases and influenza virus
Martin, Benlloch Xavier. "Synthesis and physico-chemical study of a novel flavone antiviral lead". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF002/document.
Testo completoThe research work presented in this manuscript was centered on a novel flavone series displaying potent antiviral activities toward enveloped viruses such as HCV. The first goal of my research work was to improve the synthesis of ladanein (the lead antiviral compound) and to allow an easy access to a broad range of analogues. A methodological approach allowed setting up a synthetic route compatible with industrial processes with high yields and significantly shortened preparation time. Furthermore, no silica gel column chromatography was needed throughout the synthetic route. A thorough physico-chemical study was then undertaken. The acido-basic properties of this homogenous series of compounds were first evaluated prior to the investigation of their electrochemical parameters. These data are essential for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of these polyphenolic compounds. Fe(III) was shown to be essential for the antiviral activity of these compounds and, hence, the Fe(III) complexation properties of the flavones have been studied and provided important information. Last but not least, in order to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the flavones, original formulation approaches using the biocompatible Mg(II) cation were undertaken and thoroughly investigated
Grari, Olfa. "Amélioration des propriétés physico-chimiques et anticorrosives du revêtement de polypyrrole électrodéposé sur l'acier inoxydable 304". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2041/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to electrochemically elaborate polypyrrole films on 304 stainless steel in phosphoric acid solution and improve corrosion resistance by the use of high frequency ultrasound (US), incorporation of inorganic inhibitor (KNO3) and silica (SiO2) particles. The inorganic inhibitor reduced the oxidation potential of pyrrole monomers and was incorporated into polymer matrix. Ultrasound favors electrochemical polymerization reaction by improving mass transfer towards the electrode. It leads to films more compact, presenting a thinner and more homogeneous topography. PPy-SiO2 composite films were prepared by different methods. Good particles distribution within polymer matrix was achieved through multilayered method. All formed films: PPy-NO3-, PPy-US and PPy-SiO2 offer better protection of stainless steel against corrosion in chloride environment than PPy coatings