Articoli di riviste: "Inflammation de bas grade"

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Yoo, Ji Youn, Sarah Sniffen, Kyle Craig McGill Percy, Veera Bramhachari Pallaval e Bojjibabu Chidipi. "Gut Dysbiosis and Immune System in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ACVD)". Microorganisms 10, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010108.

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Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition, known as gut dysbiosis, have been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) development through several pathways. Disruptions in gut homeostasis are associated with activation of immune processes and systemic inflammation. The gut microbiota produces several metabolic products, such as trimethylamine (TMA), which is used to produce the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, butyrate, and propionate, and certain bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota lead to inflammation resolution and decrease atherogenesis. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with common risk factors for atherosclerosis, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Novel strategies for reducing ACVD include the use of nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, modification of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels, supplementation with probiotics, and administration of prebiotic SCFAs and BAs. Investigation into the relationship between the gut microbiota, and its metabolites, and the host immune system could reveal promising insights into ACVD development, prognostic factors, and treatments.

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Remmel, Paul, e Valérie Freiche. "Entéropathies chroniques du chat, quelles spécificités ?" Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire canine & féline 19 (dicembre 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvcafe/2023010.

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Les entéropathies du chat sont des affections fréquentes dont l’origine peut être infectieuse, alimentaire, dysimmunitaire ou tumorale. Leur présentation est très équivoque et dans de nombreux cas, les signes cliniques orientent vers une atteinte diffuse entérocolique. La précision des signes cliniques reste cependant déterminante dans le choix des examens complémentaires. Les chats jeunes avec des signes cliniques modérés sont le plus souvent atteints par des protozoaires ou par des troubles de la tolérance alimentaire. En présence de diarrhée, une parasitose doit être recherchée par coproscopie sur 3 prélèvements successifs et PCR tritrichomonas. La fibroplasie sclérosante éosinophilique féline est une entité récemment décrite. Elle affecte aussi les jeunes adultes et peut être suspectée lors d’éosinophilie périphérique ou de masse digestive. Chez les animaux âgés de plus de huit ans, le lymphome digestif de bas grade est une cause fréquente d’entéropathie chronique. Les principaux signes cliniques incluent un amaigrissement, une anorexie (ou une polyphagie) et des vomissements. Le diagnostic est histologique selon de nouveaux critères, récemment mieux cernés. Les entéropathies lymphoplasmocytaires, éosinophiliques et les autres néoplasies affectent des chats de tout âge et peuvent s’exprimer par des présentations cliniques variées. L’échographie abdominale couplée à l’examen cytologique en cas d’adénopathie ou de masse digestive constitue une étape préliminaire et essentielle du diagnostic. Si nécessaire, des biopsies digestives soumises à une analyse histologique et immunohistochimique sont déterminantes pour la distinction spécifique entre inflammation chronique et lymphome de bas grade.

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Cooper, J., T. Dang, M. Reeson, J. Dang, L. Dieleman, K. Kroeker, D. Baumgart et al. "A113 DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ENTEROGRAPHY COMPARED TO BALLOON ASSISTED ENDOSCOPY IN CROHN’S DISEASE". Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (1 marzo 2023): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.113.

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Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition which can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract with a wide variety of potential complications which may require endoscopic or surgical interventions. Small bowel CD beyond the reach of standard endoscopy poses a diagnostic obstacle and relies on cross sectional imaging ─ such as computed tomography enterography (CTE) ─ and balloon assisted endoscopy (BAE). BAE is the current diagnostic gold standard allowing for direct mucosal visualization as well as therapeutic capabilities; however, remains limited by access, cost, and requires specialized training. Alternatively, CTE in small bowel in CD is widely available, and less invasive than BAE. The diagnostic accuracy of CTE against the gold standard of BAE remains unclear. Purpose We aim to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CTE vs BAE in the diagnosis and evaluation of small bowel CD. Method Patients with an established diagnosis of Crohn’s disease who underwent a CTE and a BAE within 6 months between 2011 and 2018 were reviewed. Relevant findings of active inflammation (defined by mural hyperenhancement and thickening), long-segment disease (≥ 15 cm active disease), skip-segments, number of strictures, and presence of high-grade strictures (defined on BAE as inability to traverse with scope prior to dilation and on CTE as prestenotic luminal dilation ≥3cm and fecalization) were extracted from both reports and images of CTE and BAE by two independent reviewers. Sensitivity and specificity for each finding on CTE was calculated using BAE as the gold-standard diagnostic test. Result(s) A total of 42 patients with 65 corresponding CTE and BAE were identified between 2011 and 2018. CTE was found to be most sensitive for assessing presence of active inflammation and number of strictures at 75.6% [95% CI, 60.5-87.1%] and 71.4% [95% CI, 55.4-84.3], respectively. CTE was highly specific for findings of long-segment inflammation, skip lesions, number of strictures, and high-grade stricture with a specificity of 89.3% [95% CI, 78.1-96.0], 74.1% [95%, 67.2-94.7], 100% [97.5% CI, 73.5-100], and 84.4% [95% CI, 67.2-94.7] respectively. CTE showed poor specificity for active inflammation 45.0% [23.1-68.5%], and poor sensitivity for high grade strictures 54.5% [36.4-71.9] and skip lesions 54.5% [23.4-83.3] Image Conclusion(s) CTE is relatively sensitive in detecting active inflammation and number of strictures compared to BAE, but showed suboptimal sensitivity in detecting long segment inflammation, skip lesions, and high-grade strictures. CTE showed high specificity in identification of long segment inflammation, number of strictures, and high-grade strictures, but not active inflammation overall. CTE and BAE are complementary to one another and based utilized in combination to improve diagnostic accuracy. Future directions include prospective validation prospective studies to validate the results of this study looking at a broader population of Crohn’s disease patients. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

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Divella, Rosa, Graziella Marino, Stefania Infusino, Laura Lanotte, Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola e Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola. "The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer". Nutrients 15, n. 7 (29 marzo 2023): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15071667.

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A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.

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Rutsch, Frank, e Robert Terkeltaub. "Inflammation de bas grade et déficit en inhibiteurs physiologiques de la calcification dans les calcifications des artères: mécanismes permettant de comprendre les calcifications du cartilage". Revue du Rhumatisme 72, n. 3 (marzo 2005): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2004.05.021.

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Hébert, Marine, Tristan Méric e Juan Hernandez. "Entéropathies inflammatoires chroniques chez le chien : actualités". Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire canine & féline 19 (dicembre 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvcafe/2023009.

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L’exploration et le traitement des entéropathies inflammatoires chroniques (EIC), très courantes chez le chien, reposent sur une succession de tests d’exclusion et d’essais thérapeutiques. Cette démarche, bien que codifiée, ne permet l’obtention d’un diagnostic qu’a posteriori, et peut être chronophage sans pour autant garantir une réponse clinique satisfaisante. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes est nécessaire pour identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs et prédire la réponse thérapeutique. En particulier, la place du microbiote intestinal dans la pathogénie des EIC est soulignée dans les récentes études qui montrent qu’il participe à l’initiation et à l’entretien de l’inflammation digestive. Le microbiote fécal est à l’étude à la fois en tant qu’outil diagnostique et en tant que modalité thérapeutique. Par ailleurs, les dernières publications soulignent l’utilité de l’analyse immunohistochimique et de l’analyse PARR dans la distinction entre inflammation et lymphome de bas grade. L’examen par hybridation in situ en fluorescence est également de plus en plus utilisé dans l’exploration de l’implication des bactéries dans certains processus inflammatoires intestinaux. Ce document propose une synthèse de ces actualités.

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Valadez-Bustos, Escamilla-Silva, García-Vázquez, Gallegos-Corona, Amaya-Llano e Ramos-Gómez. "Oral Administration of Microencapsulated B. Longum BAA-999 and Lycopene Modulates IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBP3 Protein Expressions in a Colorectal Murine Model". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 17 (31 agosto 2019): 4275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174275.

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The Insulin-like growth factor-I/Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1/IGF-1R) system is a major determinant in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, BF) and lycopene (LYC) have been individually researched for their beneficial effects in the prevention of CRC. However, the effect of a combined treatment of microencapsulated BF and LYC on IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBPs (Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins) expression in an azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC model have not been demonstrated. BF was microencapsulated by the spray drying technique, with high viability, and daily gavaged with LYC for 16 weeks to CD-1 mice in an AOM-DSS model. The results indicated that BF- and BF + LYC-treated groups had significantly lower inflammation grade, tumor incidence (13–38%) and adenocarcinoma (13–14%) incidence compared to the AOM + DSS group (80%), whereas LYC treatment only protected against inflammation grade and incidence. Caecal, colonic and fecal pH and β-glucuronidase (β-GA) values were significantly normalized by BF and LYC. Similarly, BF and BF + LYC treatments significantly reduced both the positive rate and expression grade of IGF-1 and IGF-1R proteins and normalized Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) expression. Based on intestinal parameters related to the specific colon carcinogenesis in an AOM-DSS-induced model, LYC and microencapsulated BF supplementation resulted in a significant chemopreventive potential through the modulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R system.

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Raucci, Angela, Federica Macrì, Stefania Castiglione, Ileana Badi, Maria Cristina Vinci e Estella Zuccolo. "MicroRNA-34a: the bad guy in age-related vascular diseases". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 78, n. 23 (26 ottobre 2021): 7355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03979-4.

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AbstractThe age-related vasculature alteration is the prominent risk factor for vascular diseases (VD), namely, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, vascular calcification (VC) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The chronic sterile low-grade inflammation state, alias inflammaging, characterizes elderly people and participates in VD development. MicroRNA34-a (miR-34a) is emerging as an important mediator of inflammaging and VD. miR-34a increases with aging in vessels and induces senescence and the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells. Similarly, other VD risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, modify miR-34a expression to promote vascular senescence and inflammation. miR-34a upregulation causes endothelial dysfunction by affecting ECs nitric oxide bioavailability, adhesion molecules expression and inflammatory cells recruitment. miR-34a-induced senescence facilitates VSMCs osteoblastic switch and VC development in hyperphosphatemia conditions. Conversely, atherogenic and hypoxic stimuli downregulate miR-34a levels and promote VSMCs proliferation and migration during atherosclerosis and PAH. MiR34a genetic ablation or miR-34a inhibition by anti-miR-34a molecules in different experimental models of VD reduce vascular inflammation, senescence and apoptosis through sirtuin 1 Notch1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 modulation. Notably, pleiotropic drugs, like statins, liraglutide and metformin, affect miR-34a expression. Finally, human studies report that miR-34a levels associate to atherosclerosis and diabetes and correlate with inflammatory factors during aging. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge about miR-34a-dependent molecular and cellular mechanisms activated by VD risk factors and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of modulating its expression in order to reduce inflammaging and VD burn and extend healthy lifespan.

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Hirano, F., D. Van der Heijde, F. A. Van Gaalen, R. B. M. Landewé, C. Gaujoux-Viala e S. Ramiro. "SAT0375 DETERMINANTS OF PATIENT’S GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF WELL-BEING IN EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS; 5-YEAR LONGITUDINAL DATA FROM THE DESIR COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (giugno 2020): 1135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.816.

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Background:A framework has been proposed to explain which disease outcomes impact quality of life or well-being in patients with axSpA; this was based on cross-sectional data and patients with radiographic axSpA.1Objectives:To investigate the determinants of patient’s well-being over time, and the influence of contextual factors on these relationships in patients with early axSpA.Methods:Five-year data from DESIR, a cohort of early axSpA, were analysed. Clinical data were collected every 6 months up to 2 years and annually thereafter. X-rays and MRI of the spine and SIJ were performed at baseline, 2, and 5 years. The outcome was BAS-G, the patient’s global assessment of the disease impact on well-being. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to test the relationship between potential explanatory variables from 5 domains (disease activity, physical function, spinal mobility, structural damage, spinal and SIJ inflammation) and BAS-G over 5 years. Longitudinal relationships were analysed using an autoregressive GEE model. Contextual factors (patient’s educational level, gender and age) were tested as potential effect modifiers or confounders.Results:A total of 708 patients were included, mean age 33.7 (SD 8.6) years, 46% male, 41% lower educated. Higher scores of the individual questions of BASDAI on fatigue (Q1) (β [95% CI]: 0.17 [0.13-0.22]), back pain (Q2) (0.51 [0.46-0.56]), peripheral joint pain (Q3) (0.08 [0.04-0.12]) and severity of morning stiffness (Q5) (0.08 [0.03-0.13]), and BASFI (0.14 [0.08-0.19]) were independently associated with a higher BAS-G over time (Table 1). In the autoregressive GEE model, all variables except for the BASDAI Q5 showed true longitudinal associations with BAS-G. Age, gender and educational level were neither effect modifiers nor confounders.Table 1.Factors associated with BAS-G over time.Multivariable GEE modelMultivariable autoregressive GEE model §Coefficient (95% CI)Coefficient (95% CI)BASDAI Q1 (fatigue, 0-10)0.17 (0.13 to 0.22)*0.15 (0.10 to 0.20)*BASDAI Q2 (back pain, 0-10)0.51 (0.46 to 0.56)*0.54 (0.47 to 0.60)*BASDAI Q3 (peripheral joint pain, 0-10)0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)*0.13 (0.08 to 0.19)*BASDAI Q4 (enthesitis, 0-10)0.03 (-0.01 to 0.07)0.02 (-0.04 to 0.08)BASDAI Q5 (severity of morning stiffness, 0-10)0.08 (0.03 to 0.13)*0.06 (-0.01 to 0.13)BASDAI Q6 (duration of morning stiffness, 0-10)0.03 (-0.01 to 0.07)0.05 (-0.01 to 0.11)SJC28 (0-28)0.01 (-0.11 to 0.13)0.10 (-0.11 to 0.31)TJC53 (0-159) ¶-0.01 (-0.02 to 0.01)-0.01 (-0.03 to 0.01)MASES (0-39)0.00 (-0.02 to 0.02)-0.00 (-0.03 to 0.02)CRP (mg/L)0.01 (-0.00 to 0.01)0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01)Any EAM (presence vs absence)-0.05 (-0.21 to 0.11)-0.09 (-0.28 to 0.10)BASFI (0-10)0.14 (0.08 to 0.19)*0.08 (0.00 to 0.16)*BASMI linear (0-10)-0.07 (-0.16 to 0.02)-0.10 (-0.22 to 0.02)mNY grading (0-8)0.01 (-0.03 to 0.06)0.06 (0.01 to 0.12)*mSASSS (0-72)-0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02)0.00 (-0.03 to 0.04)* p-value < 0.05¶ Each joint graded 0-3§Adjusted for the outcome (i.e. BAS-G) one year before, in order to disentangle the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between outcomes and allow the interpretation of a longitudinal relationshipConclusion:A higher level of back pain was associated with a worsening of the patient’s well-being in early axSpA, as were, though to a lesser extent, higher levels of fatigue, morning stiffness, peripheral joint pain and physical disability. Contextual factors like age, gender and educational level did not have an impact on these relationships. Thus, the previously proposed framework of disease outcomes also applies to patients with early axSpA and to outcomes over time.References:[1]Machado, P. ARD 2011.Disclosure of Interests:Fumio Hirano Paid instructor for: Ono pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma Inc, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Floris A. van Gaalen: None declared, Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Cecile Gaujoux-Viala: None declared, Sofia Ramiro Grant/research support from: MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: Lilly, MSD, Novartis

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Desjardins, Clément, Khê Hoang-Xuan e Caroline Houillier. "Lymphome de bas grade". Revue Neurologique 178 (aprile 2022): S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2022.02.009.

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Pruimboom, Leo, Begoña Ruiz-Núñez, Charles L. Raison e Frits A. J. Muskiet. "Influence of a 10-Day Mimic of Our Ancient Lifestyle on Anthropometrics and Parameters of Metabolism and Inflammation: The “Study of Origin”". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6935123.

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Chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are intimately related entities that are common to most, if not all, chronic diseases of affluence. We hypothesized that a short-term intervention based on “ancient stress factors” may improve anthropometrics and clinical chemical indices. We executed a pilot study of whether a 10-day mimic of a hunter-gatherer lifestyle favorably affects anthropometrics and clinical chemical indices. Fifty-five apparently healthy subjects, in 5 groups, engaged in a 10-day trip through the Pyrenees. They walked 14 km/day on average, carrying an 8-kilo backpack. Raw food was provided and self-prepared and water was obtained from waterholes. They slept outside in sleeping bags and were exposed to temperatures ranging from 12 to 42°C. Anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and the study end. We found important significant changes in most outcomes favoring better metabolic functioning and improved anthropometrics. Coping with “ancient mild stress factors,” including physical exercise, thirst, hunger, and climate, may influence immune status and improve anthropometrics and metabolic indices in healthy subjects and possibly patients suffering from metabolic and immunological disorders.

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Setiyowati, Eppy. "PENGARUH METODE SNOWBALL THROWINGTERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MENGGOSOK GIGI". Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Stikes Hang Tuah Surbaya 15, n. 1 (30 marzo 2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30643/jiksht.v15i1.66.

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Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is an mistake when brushing of teeth . The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teeth, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at SDN Jagir 1/393 Surabaya.The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at SDN Jagir 1/393 Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at SDN Jagir 1/393 Surabaya.Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.

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Singh, Kalpana, Smita Shrestha e Anu Manandhar. "Outcome of cataract surgery in eyes with uveitis". Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 11, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2019): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v11i2.27820.

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Purpose: To assess the outcome of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis without the use of prophylactic high dose (> 5-10 mg/day) systemic steroid. Method: A hospital based prospective study enrolling 64 eyes of 60 patients with uveitis and cataract from May 2013 to April 2014 having intraocular inflammation under control for at least 3 months preoperatively and underwent phacoemulsification with in bag placement of foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL). Results: Twenty six male and 34 female were included with mean age of 47.23 ± 16.85SD (16-85) years. In 43.75 % of eyes the uveitis was idiopathic followed by sarcoiduveitis (18.7%), Herpetic uveitis (15.6%), Tubercular uveitis (6.2%), VKH (4.6%), HLAB 27(4.6%), Behcet’s, endogenous endophthalmitis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and lepromatous uveitis (1.5% each). Anterior chamber cell count was grade 1+ in 33 eyes (51.56%) on 1st post-operative day and in 29 eyes (45.31%) on second follow up. Out of total 11 eyes (17.18%) that developed fibrin, 7 eyes were treated with subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone with half hourly topical steroid drops. Other 4 eyes that developed fibrin responded to half hourly topical steroid. Dose of oralprednisolone increased in 6 patients in early post operative duration. At the final follow up, 50 eyes (92.58% ) had improvement in best corrected visual acuity and cystoidmacular edema (CME) in 5% (n=3) eyes. Conclusion: Even without the use of preoperative high dose of oral steroid, inflammation was under control with significant improvement in visual acuity 3 months postoperatively.

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Ge, Tingwen, Youxi Yu, Jiuwei Cui e Lu Cai. "The adaptive immune role of metallothioneins in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: good or bad". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, n. 2 (1 agosto 2019): H264—H275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00123.2019.

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication among diabetic patients, and the mechanism underlying its induction of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction remains unclear. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that adaptive immunity, especially T lymphocyte-mediated immunity, plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and DCM. Metallothioneins (MTs), cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins, have antioxidant properties. Some potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of MTs include the role of MTs in calcium regulation, zinc homeostasis, insulin sensitization, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, metal homeostasis, especially MT-regulated zinc homeostasis, is essential for immune function. This review discusses aberrant immune regulation in diabetic heart disease with respect to endothelial insulin resistance and the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on tissues and the different effects of intracellular and extracellular MTs on adaptive immunity. This review shows that intracellular MTs are involved in naïve T-cell activation and reduce regulatory T-cell (Treg) polarization, whereas extracellular MTs promote proliferation and survival in naïve T cells and Treg polarization but inhibit their activation, thus revealing potential therapeutic strategies targeting the regulation of immune cell function by MTs.

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Zeng, Huawei, Shahid Umar, Bret Rust, Darina Lazarova e Michael Bordonaro. "Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 5 (11 marzo 2019): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051214.

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Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host–microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.

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Grill, J., e C. Kalifa. "Les tumeurs gliales de bas grade". Archives de Pédiatrie 11, n. 6 (giugno 2004): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2004.03.058.

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Ganesan, Raja, e Ki Tae Suk. "Therapeutic Potential of Human Microbiome-Based Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in Liver Disease". Livers 2, n. 3 (3 agosto 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/livers2030012.

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Microbiome-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and bile acids (BAs: primary BAs and secondary BAs) widely influence liver metabolic inflammation, immune responses, and carcinogenesis. In recent literature, the role of SCFAs and BAs in various liver diseases has been discussed. SCFAs and BAs are two types of microbiome-derived metabolites and they have been shown to have immunoregulatory ability in autoimmunity, inflammation, and liver-cancer microcellular environments. SCFAs and BAs are dependent on dietary components. The numerous regulatory processes in lymphocytes and non-immune cells that underpin both the positive and harmful effects of microbial metabolites include variations in metabolic signaling and epigenetic states. As a result, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, SCFAs, and BAs, which are powerful immunometabolism modulators, have been explored. BAs have also been shown to alter the microbiome as well as adaptive and innate immune systems. We therefore emphasize the important metabolites in liver disease for clinical therapeutic applications. A deep understanding of SCFAs and Bas, as well as their molecular risk, could reveal more about certain liver-disease conditions.

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Duffau, H. "Gliomes diffus de bas grade et neuroplasticité". Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle 95, n. 10 (ottobre 2014): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradio.2014.07.002.

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Kujas, M., F. Laigle-Donadey, J. Lejeune, E. Crinière, Y. Marie, M. Polivka, K. Mokhtari, L. Capelle e J. Y. Delattre. "Gliomes de bas grade : corrélations histo-moléculaires". Neurochirurgie 51, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3770(05)83444-7.

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Pallud, J., B. Devaux, F. Nataf, F. X. Roux e C. Daumas-Duport. "Délimitation spatiale des oligodendrogliomes de bas grade". Neurochirurgie 51, n. 3-4 (settembre 2005): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3770(05)83486-1.

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Hilmani, S., A. Naja, A. Sami, M. Achouri, A. Ouboukhlik, A. El Kamar e A. El Azhari. "Gliomes de bas grade intracrâniens : 142 cas". Neurochirurgie 52, n. 5 (novembre 2006): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3770(06)71285-1.

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Paillocher, N., A. Lortholary, S. Abadie-Lacourtoisie, C. Morand, V. Verriele, L. Catala e P. Descamps. "Sarcome du chorion cytogène de bas grade". Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 34, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82669-9.

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Bonnetblanc, François, Michel Desmurget e Hugues Duffau. "Gliomes de bas grade et plasticité cérébrale". médecine/sciences 22, n. 4 (aprile 2006): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2006224389.

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Punzo, Angela, Alessia Silla, Federica Fogacci, Matteo Perillo, Arrigo F. G. Cicero e Cristiana Caliceti. "Bile Acids and Bilirubin Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases". Diseases 12, n. 5 (14 maggio 2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases12050103.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bile acids (BAs) and bilirubin, primarily known for their role in lipid metabolism and as heme catabolite, respectively, have been found to have diverse effects on various physiological processes, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Indeed, accumulating evidence showed that the interplay between BAs and bilirubin in these processes involves intricate regulatory mechanisms mediated by specific receptors and signaling pathways under certain conditions and in specific contexts. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to its role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and other risk factors. In the cardiovascular (CV) system, recent studies have suggested that BAs and bilirubin have some opposite effects related to oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, but this area of research is still under investigation. This review aims to introduce BAs and bilirubin from a biochemical and physiological point of view, emphasizing their potential protective or detrimental effects on CVDs. Moreover, clinical studies that have assessed the association between BAs/bilirubin and CVD were examined in depth to better interpret the possible link between them.

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Fu, Ting, e Xingchen Dong. "Abstract 3442: FXR mediates macrophage intrinsic responses to suppress colon cancer progression". Cancer Research 83, n. 7_Supplement (4 aprile 2023): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3442.

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Abstract Bile acids (BAs) affect the intestinal environment by ensuring barrier integrity, regulating epithelium turnover, maintaining microbiota balance, and modulating the immune system. As a master regulator of BAs homeostasis and innate immunity, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), is severely compromised in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CAC) patients. At the front line, gut macrophages react to the microbiota and metabolites that breach the epithelium. We aim to study the role of the BAs-FXR axis in macrophages. To dissect how inflammation drives tumorigenesis, we employed a classic mouse model of CAC, profiled BAs and cytokines, monitored tumorigenesis, and examined the function of macrophages and Th17 cells. Moreover, we investigated the potential of FexD, an FXR agonist, in ameliorating intestinal inflammation, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis. Further, we identified how macrophage intrinsic FXR senses the BAs abnormality and reshapes the gut macrophages in vivo and ex vivo. We also investigated the potential role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in stimulating intestinal stem cells (ISCs)’ stemness using mouse organoids. This study demonstrates that inflammation-induced epithelial abnormalities compromised FXR signaling and altered BAs profile in CAC. Gut macrophage intrinsic FXR senses the aberrant BAs, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which promotes ISCs’ proliferation. Notably, FexD reduced intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis by suppressing pro-inflammatory responses in gut macrophages and Th17 cells. Mechanistically, FXR regulates gut macrophages' recruitment, polarization, maturation, and crosstalk with Th17 cells. In summary, we uncovered a novel role of FXR modulation of gut macrophages, highlighting the potential of FXR as a therapeutic target over biologicals for treating colon cancer. Citation Format: Ting Fu, Xingchen Dong. FXR mediates macrophage intrinsic responses to suppress colon cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3442.

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Wajih, O., A. Charkaou, K. Ikouch, K. Benhaddouga, H. Boufettal, S. Mahdaoui e N. Samouh. "LE SARCOME DU STROMA ENDOMETRIAL : A PROPOS DUN CAS ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, n. 01 (31 gennaio 2022): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14155.

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Le sarcome du stroma endometrial (SSE) de bas grade est une entite histologique rare.Le SSE represente 0,2 % de toutes les tumeurs malignes de luterus, et environ 7 a 25% des sarcomes uterins. Il comprend le SSE de bas grade et le SSE indifferencie (anciennement de haut grade).En raison de labsence de signes pathognomoniques cliniques et radiologiques le diagnostic des SSE est porte retrospectivement apres analyse de la piece operatoire. Le traitement optimal de cette pathologie nest toujours pas clair.Lhysterectomie sans conservation annexielle est le traitement classique. Il nexiste pas de consensus concernant le traitement adjuvant. Nous rapportons le cas dune patiente diagnostiquee dun sarcome du stroma endometrial de bas grade au sein du service de gynecologie au CHU IBN ROCHD de CASABLANCA. A travers ce cas rare et a la lumiere dune revue de la litterature, nous decrivons les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, diagnostiques, therapeutiques et pronostiques de cette tumeur.

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Hugol, Danielle. "Lésions malpighiennes intra-épithéliales de bas grade et de haut grade". Revue Française des Laboratoires 2002, n. 346 (ottobre 2002): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0338-9898(02)80403-6.

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Manni, Michelle L., Victoria A. Heinrich, Crystal E. Uvalle, Allison Manuel, Madeline R. Ellgass, Steven J. Mullett, Marigny C. Normann et al. "Systemic bile acids potentiate airway hyperresponsiveness and modulate Th17 cell function in obesity-associated asthma". Journal of Immunology 208, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2022): 109.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.109.10.

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Abstract Obesity-associated asthma is phenotypically characterized by low grade inflammation and resistance to standard therapies. Like many other asthma endotypes, the molecular mechanisms contributing to obesity-associated asthma are diverse and ambiguous. A panoply of metabolites that act as signaling mediators are altered by obesity and may also promote lung dysfunction and a pro-asthma phenotype. Recent metabolomics studies indicate that bile acid profiles are altered in individuals with asthma, thus these metabolites were investigated in a murine model of obesity-associated asthma and clinically. In obese mice with allergic airway disease (AAD), the levels of β-muricholic acid (βMCA) and tauro-β-muricholic (tβMCA) were significantly increased in serum and positively correlated with impaired lung function. Two conjugated bile acids, glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), were elevated in the plasma of high body mass index (BMI) individuals and correlated with both BMI and airway hyperreactivity as measured by FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second. In vitro differentiated T helper (Th) cells were treated with tβMCA and βMCA, which resulted in changes in T cell metabolism that were specific to Th17 cells. In addition, tβMCA treatment increased IL-17 production from Th17 cells upon stimulation. Finally, the anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory activities of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) were evaluated in the murine model of obesity-associated asthma. NO2-OA reduced levels of βMCA and tβMCA, with a concomitant reduction in tissue resistance and elastance, providing a potential approach to improving the current standard of care for obese individuals with asthma. Supported by R01HL146445 (MLM), S10OD023402 (SGW), R61HL157069 (SGW, BAF, FH), R01HL132550 (BAF)

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Bettaieb, I., R. Zermani, M. Karray, R. Bouzidi, F. Farah, S. Rammeh, N. Kourda, M. Zlitni e S. Ben Jilani. "Chondrosarcome central de bas grade: un diagnostic difficile". Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Réparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur 92, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-1040(06)75678-1.

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Campana, Fabrice, Nicolas Fakhry, Jean Del Grande e Ugo Ordioni. "Adénocarcinome polymorphe de bas grade : une localisation labiale". Médecine Buccale Chirurgie Buccale 20, n. 3 (luglio 2014): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2014025.

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Guillevin, R., G. Herpe, M. Verdier e C. Guillevin. "Gliomes de bas grade : les enjeux de l’imagerie". Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle 95, n. 10 (ottobre 2014): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradio.2014.07.001.

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Joly, H., D. Fontaine, V. Bourg, L. Mondot e C. Lebrun. "L’évaluation neuropsychologique dans les gliomes de bas grade". Revue Neurologique 169 (aprile 2013): A147—A148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2013.01.351.

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Abou Zaid, Eman S., Somya Z. Mansour, Sawsan M. El-Sonbaty, Fatma SM Moawed, Eman I. Kandil e Riham Abdel-Hamid Haroun. "Boswellic acid coated zinc nanoparticles attenuate NF-κB-mediated inflammation in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats". International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 37 (4 gennaio 2023): 039463202211507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320221150720.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, and until now therapeutic agents for UC still cannot exert satisfied effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of boswellic acid coated zinc nanoparticles (BAs-ZnNPs) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced-UC in rats. Methods Rats were divided into five groups; control, BAs-ZnNPs, DSS, DSS+BAs, and DSS + BAs-ZnNPs. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined colorimetrically, while the concentration of IgM, IgG, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. Levels of gene expression of NF-κB and COX-2 genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR, while the expression of protein levels of PI3K and STAT-3 were done by western blotting. Finally, histopathological examination of colon tissues of different groups of rats was done. Results The depicted ball-like structure of the BAs-ZnNPs in the TEM images ranging in size from 50 to 100 nm in diameter while their formation was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy with a sharp peak of maximum absorbance at 266 nm. Our results revealed that BAs-ZnNPs exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in the experimental model of colitis, demonstrated histologically and biochemically as shown by the improvement of ALP, IgM, IgG, and the gene expression levels of NF-κB and COX-2. Also, this beneficial effect was associated with the reduction in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, PI3K, and STAT-3. Thus, this effect improves the altered immune response associated with the colonic inflammation. Conclusion BAs-ZnNPs can be proposed as a therapeutic candidate to attenuate UC. The potential underlying mechanism includes suppression of ALP, IgM, IgG, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels via regulation of NF-κB and COX-2 gene expression and STAT-3 and PI3K protein expression in a UC rat model.

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Alur, İhsan. "Low-Grade Inflammation". JACC: Basic to Translational Science 8, n. 11 (novembre 2023): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.010.

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Li, Chao, Yunlun Li e Zhibo Gai. "Bile Acids and Farnesoid X Receptor: Novel Target for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy". Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, n. 10 (20 settembre 2019): 976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190726152847.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an increasingly common disease with high disability and mortality rates. Diabetes complications are the main cause of diabetes death and about 50% of diabetic patients died from heart disease in developed countries reported by World Health Organization. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been considered as a high incidence and serious complication of DM and plays a key role in the incidence and development of diabetes related heart failure. Metabolism dysregulation is regarded as an important and earlier factor occurred in the pathogenesis of DCM. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction also contribute to the development of DCM. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, and plays a critical role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. FXR is activated by primary bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and synthetic agonists such as obeticholic acid. BAs are the main active ingredients of many natural products and traditional medicines, especially bile or gallstones in animals, such as calculus bovis. Due to the regulatory effect of FXR on glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, the treatment of BAs and FXR agonists for metabolic syndrome and DCM have gained more attention. This review will focus on the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the regulatory effect of BAs and FXR on DCM.

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O’Mahony, Caitlin, Adam Clooney, Siobhan F. Clarke, Mònica Aguilera, Aisling Gavin, Donjete Simnica, Mary Ahern et al. "Dietary-Induced Bacterial Metabolites Reduce Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Cancer via Vitamin D Pathway". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 3 (18 gennaio 2023): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031864.

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Environmental factors, including westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms underpinning diet-microbiota-host interactions are poorly understood in IBD. We present evidence that feeding a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet can protect mice from developing DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by significantly reducing tumour burden/incidence, immune cell infiltration, cytokine profile, and cell proliferation. We show that HF protection was associated with increased gut microbial diversity and a significant reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Microbial functionality was modulated in terms of signalling fatty acids and bile acids (BA). Faecal secondary BAs were significantly induced to include moieties that can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor richly represented in the intestine and colon. Indeed, colonic VDR downstream target genes were upregulated in HF-fed mice and in combinatorial lipid-BAs-treated intestinal HT29 epithelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HF diet protects against colitis and CAC risk through gut microbiota and BA metabolites modulating vitamin D targeting pathways. Our data highlights the complex relationship between dietary fat-induced alterations of microbiota-host interactions in IBD/CAC pathophysiology.

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Noel, Olivier F., Christopher D. Still, George Argyropoulos, Michael Edwards e Glenn S. Gerhard. "Bile Acids, FXR, and Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery". Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4390254.

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Overweight and obesity represent major risk factors for diabetes and related metabolic diseases. Obesity is associated with a chronic and progressive inflammatory response leading to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus, although the precise mechanism mediating this inflammatory process remains poorly understood. The most effective intervention for the treatment of obesity, bariatric surgery, leads to glucose normalization and remission of T2D. Recent work in both clinical studies and animal models supports bile acids (BAs) as key mediators of these effects. BAs are involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis primarily via the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) transcription factor. BAs are also involved in regulating genes involved in inflammation, obesity, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review the novel role of BAs in bariatric surgery and the intersection between BAs and immune, obesity, weight loss, and lipid metabolism genes.

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Bories, Pierre, e Loïc Ysebaert. "Lymphoproliférations B de bas grade et cellules CAR-T". Bulletin du Cancer 108, n. 10 (ottobre 2021): S55—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.08.003.

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Hlaihel, C., L. Guilloton, J. Honnorat, J. Guyotat e F. Cotton. "Suivi longitudinal en spectroscopie des gliomes de bas grade". Journal de Radiologie 89, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(08)75664-6.

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Honnorat, J. "Quand et comment traiter un « gliome de bas grade » ?" Revue Neurologique 160, n. 5 (maggio 2004): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(04)70979-0.

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Lamarque, D. "Dysplasie de bas grade sur une biopsie : que faire ?" Acta Endoscopica 46, n. 3 (20 febbraio 2016): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10190-016-0546-1.

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Kakiyama, Genta, Phillip B. Hylemon, Huiping Zhou, William M. Pandak, Douglas M. Heuman, Dae Joong Kang, Hajime Takei et al. "Colonic inflammation and secondary bile acids in alcoholic cirrhosis". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 306, n. 11 (1 giugno 2014): G929—G937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00315.2013.

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Abstract (sommario):

Alcohol abuse with/without cirrhosis is associated with an impaired gut barrier and inflammation. Gut microbiota can transform primary bile acids (BA) to secondary BAs, which can adversely impact the gut barrier. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of active alcohol intake on fecal BA levels and ileal and colonic inflammation in cirrhosis. Five age-matched groups {two noncirrhotic (control and drinkers) and three cirrhotic [nondrinkers/nonalcoholics (NAlc), abstinent alcoholic for >3 mo (AbsAlc), currently drinking (CurrAlc)]} were included. Fecal and serum BA analysis, serum endotoxin, and stool microbiota using pyrosequencing were performed. A subgroup of controls, NAlc, and CurrAlc underwent ileal and sigmoid colonic biopsies on which mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were performed. One hundred three patients (19 healthy, 6 noncirrhotic drinkers, 10 CurrAlc, 38 AbsAlc, and 30 NAlc, age 56 yr, median MELD: 10.5) were included. Five each of healthy, CurrAlc, and NAlc underwent ileal/colonic biopsies. Endotoxin, serum-conjugated DCA and stool total BAs, and secondary-to-primary BA ratios were highest in current drinkers. On biopsies, a significantly higher mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Cox-2 in colon but not ileum was seen in CurrAlc compared with NAlc and controls. Active alcohol use in cirrhosis is associated with a significant increase in the secondary BA formation compared with abstinent alcoholic cirrhotics and nonalcoholic cirrhotics. This increase in secondary BAs is associated with a significant increase in expression of inflammatory cytokines in colonic mucosa but not ileal mucosa, which may contribute to alcohol-induced gut barrier injury.

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Gadaleta, Raffaella Maria, Marica Cariello, Lucilla Crudele e Antonio Moschetta. "Bile Salt Hydrolase-Competent Probiotics in the Management of IBD: Unlocking the “Bile Acid Code”". Nutrients 14, n. 15 (5 agosto 2022): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153212.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bile acid (BA) species and the gut microbiota (GM) contribute to intestinal mucosa homeostasis. BAs shape the GM and, conversely, intestinal bacteria with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity modulate the BA pool composition. The mutual interaction between BAs and intestinal microorganisms also influences mucosal barrier integrity, which is important for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. High levels of secondary BAs are detrimental for the intestinal barrier and increase the intestinal inflammatory response and dysbiosis. Additionally, a lack of BSH-active bacteria plays a role in intestinal inflammation and BA dysmetabolism. Thus, BSH-competent bacteria in probiotic formulations are being actively studied in IBD. At the same time, studies exploring the modulation of the master regulator of BA homeostasis, the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in intestinal inflammation and how this impacts the GM are gaining significant momentum. Overall, the choice of probiotic supplementation should be a peculiar issue of personalized medicine, considering not only the disease but also the specific BA and metabolic signatures of a given patient.

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Kamp, Kendra J., Kevin C. Cain, Angelita Utleg, Robert L. Burr, Daniel Raftery, Ruth Ann Luna, Robert J. Shulman e Margaret M. Heitkemper. "Bile Acids and Microbiome Among Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Volunteers". Biological Research For Nursing 23, n. 1 (15 luglio 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420941255.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. High bile acid (BA) profiles have been associated with abdominal pain symptoms, mucosal inflammation, and diarrhea in a subgroup of those with IBS. The purpose of this study was to compare: 1) fecal primary and secondary BAs in women with and without IBS; and 2) symptoms, gut microbiome, and diet between women with high and normal BAs (i.e., similar to healthy [HC] women). Women (ages 18–45) with IBS and HCs were recruited from healthcare providers or the community. Participants kept a 28-day symptom diary, completed a 3-day food journal, and collected a stool sample for microbiome analysis (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). Primary and secondary BA levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Primary BAs did not differ between IBS (n = 45) and HC (n = 28) groups; women with IBS had significantly increased conjugated secondary BAs (glycodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], taurodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], and glycolithocholic acid [ p = 0.01]). Sixty percent of women with IBS had normal BAs whereas 40% had high BAs. Women with high fecal BAs were predominantly IBS-Diarrhea or IBS-Mixed and consumed less fiber and vegetable protein and more animal protein compared to women with IBS whose fecal BAs levels were comparable to HCs. Those with high conjugated secondary fecal BAs also had a greater Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Gemmiger, and more abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae compared to IBS women with normal BAs. Determination of fecal BA levels provides additional insights into pathophysiological links between diet and microbiome in IBS.

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Choucair, Ibrahim, Ina Nemet, Lin Li, Margaret A. Cole, Sarah M. Skye, Jennifer D. Kirsop, Michael A. Fischbach et al. "Quantification of bile acids: a mass spectrometry platform for studying gut microbe connection to metabolic diseases". Journal of Lipid Research 61, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2019): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra119000311.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bile acids (BAs) serve multiple biological functions, ranging from the absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to serving as signaling molecules through the direct activation of dedicated cellular receptors. Synthesized by both host and microbial pathways, BAs are increasingly understood as participating in the regulation of numerous pathways relevant to metabolic diseases, including lipid and glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and inflammation. Quantitative analyses of BAs in biological matrices can be problematic due to their unusual and diverse physicochemical properties, making optimization of a method that shows good accuracy, precision, efficiency of extraction, and minimized matrix effects across structurally distinct human and murine BAs challenging. Herein we develop and clinically validate a stable-isotope-dilution LC/MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of numerous primary and secondary BAs in both human and mouse biological matrices. We also utilize this tool to investigate gut microbiota participation in the generation of structurally specific BAs in both humans and mice. We examine circulating levels of specific BAs and in a clinical case-control study of age- and gender-matched type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus nondiabetics. BAs whose circulating levels are associated with T2DM include numerous 12α-hydroxyl BAs (taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and 3-ketodeoxycholic acid), while taurohyodeoxycholic acid was negatively associated with diabetes. The LC/MS/MS-based platform described should serve as a robust, high-throughput investigative tool for studying the potential involvement of structurally specific BAs and the gut microbiome on both physiological and disease processes.

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Bunce, Emily, Justin Taylor, Jason Foley, Bruce Levine, Carl H. June, Marianna Sabatino, Vicki Fellowes, David Stroncek, Daniel H. Fowler e Shoba Amarnath. "Ex Vivo Manufacture of Rapamycin-Resistant Human Th1/Tc1 Cells." Blood 114, n. 22 (20 novembre 2009): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.501.501.

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Abstract Abstract 501 Introduction: Previously, we found that ex vivo usage of rapamycin and a type I polarizing cytokine could be utilized to generate murine Th1/Tc1 cells that persisted in vivo and mediated increased GVHD. The type I cytokine profile and increased in vivo persistence of this population may prove useful in autologous transplant settings. In recent experiments using culture flasks and polarization with IFN-α, we found that human T cells similarly can adopt a Th1/Tc1 phenotype in rapamycin; furthermore, such human T cells have increased in vivo persistence when transferred into immune-deficient murine hosts. In this project, our goal was to evaluate whether human Th1/Tc1 cell generation in rapamycin varied depending on use of culture flasks or more clinically relevant, closed system polyolefin culture bags. Methods: Human lymphocytes were collected by steady-state apheresis and subsequent counter flow centrifugal elutriation. CD3+ T cells were purified and co-stimulated using anti-CD3/anti-CD28 tosyl-activated P450 magnetic beads. T cells were cultured under four conditions: recombinant human (rh) IL-2 alone; rhIL-2 plus rapamycin; rhIL-2 plus rhIFN-α; or rhIL-2 plus rhIFN-α plus rapamycin. After 6 days of culture in flasks or bags, cells were harvested and co-stimulated; cytokine production was measured by Luminex assay, and cell surface markers were assessed using flow cytometry. Cells were further characterized using an in vivo xenogeneic cytokine storm model of GVHD (x-GVHD). Specifically, immune deficient Rag2/γc knockout mice were irradiated, injected with ex vivo expanded T cells, and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection on day 6 after adoptive transfer to induce lethal levels of TNF-α. Results: Relative to T cells expanded in only IL-2, further addition of IFN-α yielded T cells with increased secretion of IFN-γ (33.5 vs. 5.7 ng/ml, p=0.01) and reduced secretion of IL-4 (0.6 vs.18.7 pg/ml, p=0.02). Inclusion of both IFN-α and rapamycin also yielded cells with preferential secretion of IFN-γ relative to IL-4; IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion values did not vary significantly between flask and bag conditions. However, relative to flask expanded T cells, Th1/Tc1 cells expanded in bags had increased co-expression of T central memory molecules CD62L and CCR7 (median percentage of co-expression increased from 20% to 40%, p<0.05). Because of the increased type I polarity of T cells expanded in bags in the presence of IFN-α, we hypothesized that such cells would mediate increased x-GVHD relative to T cells expanded in bags in the absence of IFN-α. However, contrary to our hypothesis, lethality after LPS challenge was actually reduced in recipients of IFN-α exposed human T cells (p<0.05). Given these results, we reasoned that IFN-α might also induce production of the counter-regulatory cytokine, IL-10. Indeed, relative to T cells expanded in IL-2 alone, further addition of IFN-α increased IL-10 secretion from 679 to 5982 pg/ml (without rapamycin; p<0.05) and from 85 to 2302 pg/ml (with rapamycin; p<0.05). Intra-cellular flow cytometry demonstrated that Th1/Tc1 cell co-expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 occurred at the single cell level. Conclusions: Ex vivo manufacture of human Th1/Tc1 cells in clinical grade polyolefin bags resulted in T cells with a differential cytokine phenotype relative to T cells cultured in flasks. Using bags, addition of IFN-α to culture yielded increased T cell capacity to secrete both IFN-γ and IL-10; this phenotype occurred independent of whether the culture also included rapamycin. The observed co-expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 supports a model whereby human Th1/Tc1 cells can simultaneously express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Th1/Tc1 cell co-expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 appeared to moderate inflammation in vivo because recipients of such bag-cultured T cells had reduced lethal x-GVHD relative to recipients of flask-cultured T cells. As such, we conclude that type of culture vessel (bag vs. flask), presence of a polarizing cytokine (IFN-α), and level of IL-10 secretion are important variables to consider for the ex vivo manufacture of human Th1/Tc1 cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Duszka, Kalina. "Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota". Cells 11, n. 15 (29 luglio 2022): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152337.

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Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, and is mainly derived from the diet, but can also be produced endogenously from cysteine. It plays multiple essential roles in the body, including development, energy production, osmoregulation, prevention of oxidative stress, and inflammation. Taurine is also crucial as a molecule used to conjugate bile acids (BAs). In the gastrointestinal tract, BAs deconjugation by enteric bacteria results in high levels of unconjugated BAs and free taurine. Depending on conjugation status and other bacterial modifications, BAs constitute a pool of related but highly diverse molecules, each with different properties concerning solubility and toxicity, capacity to activate or inhibit receptors of BAs, and direct and indirect impact on microbiota and the host, whereas free taurine has a largely protective impact on the host, serves as a source of energy for microbiota, regulates bacterial colonization and defends from pathogens. Several remarkable examples of the interaction between taurine and gut microbiota have recently been described. This review will introduce the necessary background information and lay out the latest discoveries in the interaction of the co-reliant triad of BAs, taurine, and microbiota.

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Loteanu, V., P. Roblot, A. Ramassamy, M. Texereau e B. Becq-Giraudon. "Ichtyose acquise révélant la transformation en haut grade d'un lymphome pulmonaire de bas grade". La Revue de Médecine Interne 17 (gennaio 1996): 430s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(97)81011-9.

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Benabdelfedil, Y., S. Derrou e F. Elguendouz. "Syndrome de Cushing : forte agressivité des tumeurs de bas grade". Annales d'Endocrinologie 82, n. 5 (ottobre 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2021.08.544.

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Chaâbouni, S., L. Ayadi, H. Dhouib, K. Abbès, A. Khabir e T. Boudawara. "Adénocarcinome polymorphe de bas grade : deux localisations palatine et labiale". Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale 109, n. 3 (giugno 2008): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stomax.2008.04.002.

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