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1
Weber, Ashley M., Tondi M. Harrison e Deborah K. Steward. "Schore’s Regulation Theory". Biological Research For Nursing 14, n. 4 (23 luglio 2012): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800412453760.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Premature infants confront numerous physiologic and environmental stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that have the potential to permanently alter their neurodevelopment. Schore’s regulation theory postulates that positive maternal–infant interactions can shape the infant’s developmental outcomes through inducing mechanistic changes in brain structure and function. The purposes of this article are to explain the regulation of infant neurobiological processes during interactions between mothers and healthy infants in the context of Schore’s theory, to identify threats to these processes for premature infants, and to propose principles of clinical practice and areas of research necessary to establish a supportive environment and prevent or reduce maladaptive consequences for these vulnerable infants. A premature birth results in the disruption of neurodevelopment at a critical time. Chronic exposure to stressors related to the NICU environment overwhelms immature physiologic and stress systems, resulting in significant allostatic load, as measured by long-term neurodevelopmental impairments in the premature infant. Positive maternal–infant interactions during NICU hospitalization and beyond have the potential to reduce neurologic deficits and maximize positive neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. The quality of the maternal–infant interaction is affected not only by the infant’s developing neurobiology but also by the mother’s responses to the stressors surrounding a premature birth and mothering an infant in the NICU environment. Nurses can empower mothers to overcome these stressors, promote sensitive interactions with their infants, and facilitate neurodevelopment. Research is critically needed to develop and test nursing interventions directed at assisting mothers in supporting optimal neurodevelopment for their infants.
2
HEIRD, WILLIAM C. "Amino Acids in Premature Infants". Pediatrics 82, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1988): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.4.680a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Reply.— Dr Raiha is correct. Our data1 do not necessarily "refute" the concept of the LBW infant's metabolic immaturity. However, they raise the issue of the clinical significance of the well-documented developmental delays in hepatic activities of several enzymes involved in metabolism of amino acids. Specifically, these data suggest that enzymatic immaturities are of limited clinical significance with respect to the LBW infant's tolerance of parenterally administered amino acids. No differences in plasma amino acid pattern were observed between LBW infants weighing less than 1,250 g at birth and those weighing more than 1,250 g, between the LBW infant population1 and the population of term infants and older children studied earlier,2 or between LBW infants who received a typical peripheral vein regimen and those who received a typical central vein regimen.
3
Ruslie, Riska Habriel. "The Role of Vitamin in the Nutrition of Premature Infants". Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 4, n. 1 (8 giugno 2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v4i1.391.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vitamin is an organic compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts. Premature infants are at risk of vitamin deficiency than mature infants, due to inadequate transplacental transport, inadequate storage, and increased tissue utilization. Infant that are born prematurely have a low amount of stored vitamin in their body. The amount that is stored is quickly used as the infant grows. So, vitamin is a very important for development of premature infants. In this review examines the role of vitamin in the nutrition of premature infants (Sains Medika, 4(1):97-111).
4
Brown, Lisa. "Heart Rate Variability in Premature Infants During Feeding". Biological Research For Nursing 8, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800406298542.
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Early mother-infant interaction, a potentially major contributor to the development of a premature infant's behavioral and physiologic regulation, has received very little research attention. This study examined the development of physiologic regulation in relation to maternal-infant feeding interaction for 43 premature infants, from the time caregiving responsibility was transferred to the mother through each infant's 4th postterm month. Infants and mothers were seen in a special care nursery just before discharge and in home at 1 and 4 months postterm age. General linear mixed models were used to examine the changes in infant heart rate variability (HRV) and Positive Affective Involvement and Sensitivity/Responsiveness scores over time and infant HRV over feeding conditions (prefeeding, feeding, and postfeeding). Significant differences were found for high-frequency and low-frequency HRV over time (p < .001 and p = .014, respectively). However, maternal feeding behavior did not show a significant effect of time (p = .24). The feeding condition effect on high-frequency HRV was significant (p < .001), with HRV lower during feeding compared to both prefeeding and postfeeding. Maternal feeding behavior was not associated with infant HRV. Discovering the ways in which maternal feeding behavior contributes to infant physiologic regulation may require study of the relationship of HRV to infant feeding behavior.
5
Khasanah, Nopi Nur, e Yeni Rustina. "Menurunkan Skala Nyeri Bayi Prematur melalui Facilitated Tucking disertai ‘Hadir-Berbicara’ sebagai Upaya Penerapan Teori Comfort Kolcaba". Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 5, n. 2 (7 novembre 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2017.5(2).83-90.
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<em>Premature infants had been experience of pain in neonatal ward that occur each day during treatment. Nurse need to do an intervention for reduce the scale of pain on premature infants. Pain management have to do at birth because of the repeated painful procedures in early life can affect the development of central nerve system permanently. The objective of this study was to describe the application of Kolcaba Comfort’s theory through facilitated tucking accompanied with ‘being with-talking to’ techniques in premature’s infant at high risk infant care. The method that used was case study by applying the four contexts of comfort’s experience associated with the three types of comfort based on Kolcaba Comfort’s theory in providing nursing care on five premature infants who have some painful procedures. The nursing intervention through facilitated tucking accompanied by ‘being with-talking to’ based on the principles of Kolcaba Comfort’s theory gave a positive result against premature infants’s comfort level. Four from five premature infants are in the level of transcendence which is a type of supreme comfort after the ease and relief. Kolcaba Comfort’s theory can be applied within the scope of neonatal care due in accordance with the developmental care of the infants and could reduce the scale of pain.</em>
6
Carter, Brigit. "Nursing Care of the Premature Infant with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease". Neonatal Network 25, n. 3 (maggio 2006): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.25.3.167.
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Diagnosis and treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is documented in fetuses, term infants, and older children; however, there is very little information on its diagnosis and treatment in premature infants. When Duke University Medical Center’s first preterm infant with a known SCID history was delivered, in June 1999, there was no defined protocol for the infant’s nursing care. Although many of the guidelines for nursing care of the premature infant population (≤36 weeks) apply, there are important considerations for preterm infants with an SCID diagnosis. This article provides background on SCID and identifies those special considerations—namely, multidisciplinary communication, infection prevention, thorough physical assessments, and parental support.
7
Widia, Yuri, e Brigita ika Rosdiana. "Review Article: Skin Condition and Skin Care in Premature Infants". Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 35, n. 1 (31 marzo 2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v35.1.2023.67-73.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The majority of newborn skin care recommendations focus on concerns for healthy, full-term infants. Compared to mature infants, the skin of premature infants, those who are born at the gestational age of 37 weeks, is more vulnerable to injury, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and transepidermal intoxication. There are no established guidelines for premature infant skin care. Discussion and review regarding this topic are needed. Purpose: To review the literature on skin conditions and skin care in premature infants. Review: The barrier function of premature skin is significantly compromised because the stratum corneum does not fully mature until late in the third trimester. Premature infants have immature skin with impaired barrier function characterized by high TEWL, increased absorption of chemicals, and increased risk of infection. Some particular issues in premature infant skin are controlling TEWL, avoiding mechanical damage, proper sterilization to control infection, awareness of percutaneous drug toxicity, appropriate bathing and umbilical cord care, and appropriate management of skin problems. Conclusion: Premature infant skin is more vulnerable due to immature development. Skin care for premature infants requires careful attention.
8
Tropiano, Ligia M. C. C., Geraldo A. Fiamenghi-Jr e Silvana M. Blascovi-Assis. "Mothers and Premature Infants’ Emotional Interactions in a Neonatal Infant Care Unit: Case Studies". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, n. 36 (31 dicembre 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n36p85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to describe the ways premature infants and their mothers emotionally interact in the first weeks of their lives. In order to understand the intersubjective dyadic interaction between mother and premature infant, a qualitative and descriptive approach to research has been adopted. Four dyads comprised of primiparae women and their newly-born premature infants took part in the study. The babies were born prematurely after 28 to 35 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data was collected filming the first dyadic interaction with infant in the mother’s arms, lasting between 15 to 30 minutes. After that first registry, dyadic behaviors between mother and baby were described and categorized following the intersubjective categories suggested by Fiamenghi (1999) and Fiamenghi et al. (2010). Results showed that dyads display positive emotions, with infants’ behaviors falling into the categories of negotiation, interaction and emotional curiosity; as well as a low frequency of negative behaviors. The outcome of this research reinforces the need to adopt a humanizing approach to prematurely born infants and their mothers in NICU, as well as training and awareness of the whole multidisciplinary team that deals with them.
9
Wilson Jones, Martha, Elaine Morgan e Jean Shelton. "Dysphagia and Oral Feeding Problems in the Premature Infant". Neonatal Network 21, n. 2 (marzo 2002): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.2.51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
FEEDING DISORDERS AND dysphagia are common problems seen in premature infants following their discharge from the NICU. A major factor in the growing incidence of these problems is the number of infants born and surviving between 23 and 25 weeks gestational age, which has increased dramatically over the past decade. These infants experience both a lengthier exposure to noxious oral stimuli and a longer time until they develop the suck/swallow coordination that makes oral feeding safe.1 Oral feeding is generally not offered before 32–34 weeks gestational age, when the preterm infant’s sucking pattern begins to resemble that of a term infant.2,3 Therefore, there may be an 8- to 9-week lag between birth and oral feedings in a 23- or 24-week gestational age infant.
10
Velisavljev-Filipovic, Gordana. "Mode of delivery and neurosonographic findings in premature infants". Medical review 60, n. 1-2 (2007): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0702007v.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Fetal and preterm infant brain is especially vulnerable to hemorrhagic and ischemic damage at the end of the second and at the beginning of the third trimester. This is due to vascular, cellular and anatomic characteristics of the brain during development. In premature babies, there is a physiological instability and limited autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Hemorrhagic and ischemic damages often occur together, though pathophysiological processes leading to lesions are different. Material and methods The paper deals with a detailed analysis of 860 ultrasound brain scans of prematurely born children. The examinations were performed at the Ultrasound Department of the Institute of Child and Youth Health Care in Novi Sad. 707 vaginally born premature infants and 153 premature infants born by Cesarean section were examined. The bleeding was graded according to the Papile classification. Results and Discussion Out of 384 children with diagnosed grade I hemorrhage, 75 premature infants (19.5%) were born by Cesarean section. In the group of children with grade II hemorrhage, operative deliveries account for 14.7%. From the total of 85 children with grade III hemorrhage, (intraventricular bleeding with chamber dilatation), only 6 premature infants were born by Cesarean section (7%). Intra-parenchymal bleeding was diagnosed in a very small number of premature infants; 0.32% of all diagnosed hemorrhages were grade IV hemorrhages. In this group there were no children born by Cesarean section. The increase of hemorrhage grade is accompanied by a greater rate of pelvic presentation and manual assistance by Bracht. There were 240 prematurely born children with no echosonographically diagnosed hemorrhage, 38% of all examined premature infants. From this number, 13.3% of neonates were born by Cesarean section. Conclusion In the etiology of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, especially prematurely born ones, apart from the trauma, which plays a major role, other factors are also important, above all fetal distress, perinatal hypoxia and functional immaturity of all organs.
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Bull, Marilyn J., e Karen Bruner Stroup. "Premature Infants in Car Seats". Pediatrics 75, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1985): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.2.336.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Advancements in health care have made it possible for many premature infants weighing less than 2.2 kg (5 lb) to be discharged from the hospital. Medical professionals, however, have no information available from which to make recommendations on which child safety seats are most appropriate for safely transporting the low-birth-weight infant. Current federal safety standards do not specify the minimum weight of an infant for which a seat is appropriate. The suitability of various types of infant car safety seats for premature infants was documented by placing 2.0-kg (4 lb 8 oz) babies in a representative sample of seat models. Ease and ability of the seat to fit the size of the infant and allow for proper positioning of the baby was noted. Each seat was measured from the seat back to crotch strap and shoulder strap to seat bottom to provide a basis for comparison of various seat models. Convertible seats with seat back to crotch strap height of 14 cm (5½ in) or less provided relatively good support for the infant. Seats with longer seat back to crotch strap distances allowed the infant to slouch. Seats with lap pads or shields were uniformly unacceptable.
12
Pivovarnik, Emily S. "Development of Sensory Processing in Premature Infants and Implications for Evidence-Based Music Therapy in the NICU". Neonatal Network 41, n. 4 (1 luglio 2022): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/nn-2021-0018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the development of sensory processing in premature infants with implications for music therapists providing evidence-based care in a NICU. An overview of sensory processing and sensory processing disorders in premature infants is included, with specific emphasis on development of sensory systems of premature infants. Implications for developmentally appropriate music as therapy for premature infants are identified. Evidence-based NICU-MT can be combined with nursing care to reduce the risks of sensory processing disorder for the developing premature infant.
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Torpy, Janet M. "Premature Infants". JAMA 301, n. 21 (3 giugno 2009): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.301.21.2290.
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Torpy, Janet M., Cassio Lynm e Richard M. Glass. "Premature Infants". JAMA 294, n. 3 (20 luglio 2005): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.3.390.
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Torpy, Janet M. "Premature Infants". JAMA 299, n. 12 (26 marzo 2008): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.12.1500.
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Owens, Rebecca. "Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Premature Neonate". Neonatal Network 24, n. 3 (maggio 2005): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.24.3.55.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
THE MOST COMMON VARIETY of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage is an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).1 Although much research has been conducted concerning the etiology and prevention of IVH in the preterm infant, the problem continues to plague very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1,500 grams) in particular. The risk of IVH correlates inversely with gestational age. The incidence of hemorrhage in the infant <28 weeks gestation is three times that of infants 28–31 weeks gestational age. The incidence of severe hemorrhage in infants <28 weeks gestational age is twice that of infants 28–31 weeks gestational age.2
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NAKO, YASUSHI, NAOBUMI FUKUSHIMA, TAKESHI TOMOMASA, KANJI NAGASHIMA e TAKAYOSHI KUROUME. "Hypervitaminosis D After Prolonged Feeding With a Premature Formula". Pediatrics 92, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1993): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.6.862.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hypervitaminosis D is one of the causes of severe hypercalcemia in children. Most cases of hypervitaminosis D during childhood are due to an excessive supplementation of vitamin D by physicians or parents.1,2 To prevent metabolic bone disease of prematurity (rickets of prematurity), formulas designed for premature infants ("premature formulas"), which contain more calcium and vitamin D than standard formulas, are given to premature infants in addition to human milk.1 In some cases, separate vitamin D products are also given to these infants, although requirements for vitamin D and calcium intake in the premature infant and the formerly premature infant have not been fully estimated.1
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Jiang, Xiang. "Analysis on the Main Points of Nursing Premature Infants". Journal of Nursing 9, n. 4 (20 febbraio 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/jn.v9i4.186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>Compared with normal newborns, premature babies are more fragile and more sensitive to the external environment. Therefore, there are more precautions in the care of premature babies, because the incidence of preterm birth is relatively high. In the face of more premature infants, we should have a deep understanding of the relevant content of premature infant care. This article will conduct a detailed analysis of the key points of premature infant care and clarify the precautions of premature infants in the nursing process.</p>
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Fujinaga, Cristina Ide, Sabrina Maltauro, Suzelaine Taize Stadler, Eleidiele Rosa Cheffer, Sidelisa Aguiar, Nelma Ellen Zamberlan Amorin e Cleomara Mocelin Salla. "Behavioral state and the premature’s readiness performance to begin oral feeding". Revista CEFAC 20, n. 1 (febbraio 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620182015317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of behavioral states on the readiness of the premature infant to initiate breastfeeding. Methods: the study was transversal, observational and descriptive with 51 premature infants, attended at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), from a Baby-Friendly Hospital. The infants were evaluated using the "Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale". The evaluation occurred close to the feeding time and was performed in preterm infants in two behavioral states, in deep sleep and alertness. Thus, preterm infants were self-controlled. For the data analysis, the T-Test and the McNemar Test were applied, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: there was a statistically significant difference in the behavior of premature infants in alert behavior and deep sleep. In the alert state, preterm infants showed greater readiness for oral feeding in the breast. The results highlight the importance of the behavioral state of prematurity for professionals working in NICUs. Conclusion: the behavioral state influences the beginning of premature infant feeding. The alertness behavioral status of premature infants is essential during neonatal speech therapy assistence.
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Sun, Yuhang, Surya N. Mundluru e Alice Chu. "Lower Extremity Abscess Formation in Premature Infants due to Routine Infant Vaccinations". Case Reports in Pediatrics 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3290184.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the introduction of vaccines, the impact of vaccinations has been immeasurable. Under the current immunization guidelines, infants receive the first of their routine infant vaccinations at 2 months of age. While the benefits of routine infant vaccinations in premature infants have been demonstrated, there is relatively little data on the dosing of these vaccines in premature infants. The medical records of two premature infants who developed intramuscular abscesses after receiving their routine infant vaccinations were reviewed. Both patients developed pain in the area of the injection after receiving their vaccinations. Magnetic resonance imaging findings confirmed the formation of an abscess. No other causes of abscess formation were observed. Both patients required surgical intervention and were treated with a course of antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to suggest routine vaccinations as a potential cause of abscess formation in premature infants.
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Cunha, Gabriele Marques da, Fernanda Araujo Rodrigues e Silvani Herber. "Aleitamento materno do prematuro em um hospital amigo da criança". Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 10, n. 30 (30 giugno 2020): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2020.10.30.168-178.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O objetivo foi descrever as experiências maternas relacionadas ao aleitamento materno de prematuros em uma unidade neonatal de um Hospital Amigo da Criança. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, realizado em 2015. Participaram da pesquisa seis mães de prematuros hospitalizados em um Hospital Amigo da Criança. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Empregou-se a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Dificuldades enfrentadas durante o processo de aleitamento materno; Rotina de ordenha no banco de leite humano e Sentimentos relacionados ao aleitamento materno do filho prematuro. Conclui-se que, neste cenário, as mães vivenciaram dificuldades, tais como as condições clínicas do bebê e sentimentos de estresse e ansiedade. No entanto, sentiram satisfação em poder amamentar seus filhos prematuros e auxiliar na recuperação. Ainda foi possível identificar a importância da atuação da equipe de saúde nesse processo. Descritores: Aleitamento Materno, Recém-Nascido Prematuro, Enfermagem Neonatal. Breastfeeding of premature infant in a baby-friendly hospitalAbstract: The objective was to describe maternal experiences related to breastfeeding of premature infants in a neonatal unit of a baby-friendly hospital. This is a qualitative exploratory-descriptive study conducted in 2015. Six mothers of premature infants hospitalized in a baby-friendly hospital participated in the research. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic content analysis was used. Three thematic categories emerged: Difficulties faced during the breastfeeding process; Human milk bank milking routine and Feelings related to breastfeeding of a premature child. It is concluded that, in this scenario, mothers experienced difficulties, such as the baby's clinical conditions and feelings of stress and anxiety. However, they were pleased to be able to breastfeed their premature children and assist in recovery. It was also possible to identify the importance of health team performance in this process.Descriptors: Breast Feeding, Infant, Premature, Neonatal Nursing. Lactancia materna del prematuro en un hospital amigo del niñoResumen: El objetivo fue describir las experiencias maternas relacionadas con la lactancia materna de bebés prematuros en una unidad neonatal de un Hospital Amigo del Niño. Este es un estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo realizado en 2015. Seis madres de bebés prematuros hospitalizados en un Hospital Amigo del Niño participaron en la investigación. La información se recopiló a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Surgieron tres categorías temáticas: dificultades enfrentadas durante el proceso de lactancia materna; Rutina de ordeño del banco de leche humana y sentimientos relacionados con la lactancia materna en niños prematuros. Se concluye que, en este escenario, las madres experimentaron dificultades, como las condiciones clínicas del bebé y los sentimientos de estrés y ansiedad. Sin embargo, estaban contentas de poder amamantar a sus hijos prematuros y ayudarlos en la recuperación. También fue posible identificar la importancia del desempeño del equipo de salud en este proceso.Descriptores: Lactancia Materna, Recien Nacido Prematuro, Enfermería Neonatal.
22
Kim, Ai-Rhan E. "Infant Follow-up of Premature Infants". Journal of the Korean Medical Association 48, n. 11 (2005): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2005.48.11.1091.
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HOLDITCH-DAVIS, DIANE, e MARGARET S. MILES. "Parenting the Prematurely Born Child". Annual Review of Nursing Research 15, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.15.1.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the findings of the nursing research on parenting the prematurely born child. This research focused on eight general areas: impact of the home environment on infant development status, the relationship between premature infants and their mothers during the first 2 years, parenting during hospitalization, maternal concerns about infant discharge, fathering, subpopulations of premature infants, parenting after the first 2 years, and interventions to improve parenting. There is a need to strengthen the design and conceptualization of these studies, to move toward more intervention research, and to do research that is more culturally sensitive, especially toward fathers, ethnic and cultural minority groups, and the poor.
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Barnard, Kathryn E., e Rebecca Kang. "Premature infant refocus project: Serial NBAS tests on premature infants". Infant Behavior and Development 9 (aprile 1986): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(86)80019-4.
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Weber, Ashley, Tondi M. Harrison, Loraine Sinnott, Abigail Shoben e Deborah Steward. "Plasma and Urinary Oxytocin Trajectories in Extremely Premature Infants During NICU Hospitalization". Biological Research For Nursing 19, n. 5 (12 luglio 2017): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800417718266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Extremely premature infants are at great risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, in part because neurologic structures designed to mature in the womb must now do so in the extrauterine environment. Reliable biomarkers of neurodevelopment are especially critical in this population, as behavioral measures can be unreliable due to immaturity of the premature infant nervous system. Oxytocin (OT) has the potential to be a marker of neurobiological processes that offer infant neuroprotection. However, no studies have measured OT in the plasma and urine of premature infants. The purposes of this study were to describe plasma and urine OT levels of premature infants through 34 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA), determine whether plasma and urine OT are correlated, and explore associations between infant demographics and OT trajectories. Plasma and urine from 37 premature infants, born at gestational ages 25–28 6/7 weeks, were longitudinally collected at 14 days of life, then weekly until 34 weeks CGA. Plasma OT decreased with age, at a rate of 15% per week, and exhibited strong stability within infants. Urine OT was not correlated with plasma OT and did not show a significant trend over time; thus, urine may not be a reliable, noninvasive measurement in this population. Apgar score was the only infant demographic characteristic associated with plasma OT. Given the novelty of this work, replication is needed to confirm these findings, and future research should explore potential mechanisms (e.g., stress, normal maturation, and social experiences) that contribute to declining plasma OT levels in premature infants.
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Peters, KL. "Bathing premature infants: physiological and behavioral consequences". American Journal of Critical Care 7, n. 2 (1 marzo 1998): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1998.7.2.90.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: Routine procedures are a large component of the caretaking day for preterm infants. Such procedures can have profound adverse effects on an infant's condition, to the point of disrupting normal growth and development. Despite this evidence, routine procedures are perpetuated in the neonatal ICU. OBJECTIVE: To determine the physiological and behavioral effects of a supposedly beneficial procedure, a sponge bath, on premature infants. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 14 preterm neonates with no neurological abnormalities at two tertiary neonatal ICUs. The ages of the subjects were 28.1 to 31.8 weeks postconception and 4 to 25 days after birth. The study was a prospective, quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design in which each infant acted as his or her own control. Oxygen delivery, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral responses were continuously recorded by computer or real-time videotape. Physiological and behavioral parameters were compared across three phases: 10 minutes before a bath (baseline), during a standardized bath, and 10 minutes after the bath. RESULTS: Physiological and behavioral disruptions occurred throughout the bath phase and in many cases beyond that phase. These disruptions included significant increases in heart rate, cardiac oxygen demand, and frequency of behavioral motoric cues. Significant decreases in oxygen saturation also accompanied the bath. Nine infants required increased concentrations of ambient oxygen. A significant association was found between physiological components and the frequency and timing of behavioral motoric cues. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide further evidence that routine care is not innocuous to neonates. Routine sponge bathing is not recommended for care of ill premature infants.
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Hamosh, Margit, Nitin R. Mehta, Carol S. Fink, Jane Coleman e Paul Hamosh. "Fat Absorption in Premature Infants". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13, n. 2 (agosto 1991): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1991.tb10310.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fat absorption from two different premature infant formulas and one full‐term formula containing three different fat blends was investigated in two groups of premature infants. The first group of nine infants (gestational age, 29.1 ± 0.88 weeks; postnatal age, 3.13 ± 0.71 weeks) was fed alternately for 1 week each SMA preterm formula containing either high levels (50%) of medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT) (6:0, 8:0, and 10:0) or high levels (86%) of long‐chain triglycerides (LCT) (≥C12). Except for fat blends, the formulas were otherwise identical. The second group of 11 infants (gestational age, 30.5 ± 0.77 weeks, studied at a postnatal age of 4.33 ± 0.91 weeks) was fed for 1 week a full‐term infant formula, S‐26, containing 98% LCT. Fat absorption (studied during a 3‐day fat balance period) was similar irrespective of fat blend: 89.08 ± 2.37% during feeding of preterm SMA, 50% MCT; 87.0 ± 3.81% during feeding of preterm SMA, 86% LCT: and 83.00 ± 2.89% during feeding of S‐26, 98% LCT. Weight gain (grams per day) and increase in length (centimeters per day) were 23.2 ± 1.7, 21.20 ± 1.7, and 14.28 ± 2.9, and 0.17 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.04, and 0.22 ± 0.07 during feeding of the three fat blends, respectively. Lipase activity levels in fasting gastric aspirates were higher during feeding of the LCT than the MCT formula. The possible stimulation of gastric lipase secretion secondary to long‐chain fatty acid stimulation of cholecystokinin secretion might be related to the efficient digestion of formula fat, irrespective of triglyceride‐fatty acid chain length. The study shows that preterm infants are able to digest and absorb efficiently formula fat containing as much as 98% long‐chain fatty acids.
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Brown, Julia A., Hannah Carrow, Jenny C. Jin, Aparna Ananthanarayanan, Katherine Z. Sanidad, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Jeffrey M. Perlman, Stefan Worgall e Melody Y. Zeng. "The preterm infant microbiome impairs lung immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection". Journal of Immunology 208, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2022): 59.03. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.59.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The gut microbiome plays a critical role in neonatal immune development; early-life perturbations to the microbiome have been linked to later susceptibility to respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Preterm infants are at higher risk for adverse outcomes to respiratory infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The microbiome in premature infants is significantly altered, but it remains unclear how this affects lung immune cell development and susceptibility to RSV infection independent of lung immaturity. In this study, we have generated a biorepository of stool specimens from preterm and term infants during the first weeks of life. Metagenomic sequencing studies indicate significant alterations in the gut microbiome between these two groups, including a lack of fiber-fermenting Bacteroides species in preterm infants. Using these stool specimens, we find that the altered gut microbiome in premature infants induces IL-17/neutrophil-biased immune responses but weaker anti-viral interferon responses in the lung, both at steady state and following RSV infection. Mice colonized with preterm infant stool bacteria produced lower levels of neutralizing antibodies against RSV than mice colonized with term infant stool bacteria. Taken together, our findings suggest that the altered gut microbiome in premature infants dysregulates immune cell development in the lung and impairs the infant’s ability to develop long-term immunity against respiratory infections. These findings might be potentially leveraged in the development of gut bacteria-based interventions to improve the development of protective immunity against respiratory viral pathogens in preterm infants. Supported by grants from NIH/NCATS (TL1-TR-002386) and the Biocodex Microbiota Foundation
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Costanzo, Caitlyn M., Charles Vinocur e Loren Berman. "Prematurity Affects Age of Presentation of Pyloric Stenosis". Clinical Pediatrics 56, n. 2 (20 luglio 2016): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816641367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Term infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) typically present between 4 and 6 weeks. There is limited consensus, however, regarding age of presentation of premature infants. We aim to determine if there is an association between the degree of prematurity and chronological age of presentation of HPS. A total of 2988 infants who had undergone a pyloromyotomy for HPS were identified from the 2012 and 2013 NSQIP-P Participant Use Files. Two hundred seventeen infants (7.3%) were born prematurely. A greater degree of prematurity was associated with an older chronological age of presentation ( P < .0001). Prematurity was significantly associated with an increase in overall postoperative morbidity, reintubation, readmission, and postoperative length of stay. When clinicians evaluate an infant with nonbilious emesis with a history of prematurity, they should consider pyloric stenosis if the calculated postconceptional age is between 44 and 50 weeks. When counseling families of premature infants, surgeons should discuss the increased incidence of postpyloromyotomy morbidity.
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Brazy, Jane, Barbara H. Anderson, Patricia Becker e Marion Becker. "How Parents of Premature Infants Gather Information and Obtain Support". Neonatal Network 20, n. 2 (marzo 2001): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.2.41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: To identify the process by which parents of premature infants seek information, the kinds of information they seek, and the resources they use to meet their educational and support needs.Design/Sample: Descriptive study using 19 parent interviews and 64 questionnaires.Main Outcome Variable: The process parents use to obtain information and support.Results: Parents of premature infants make a transition from being passive recipients of information to actively seeking it. They spend 10–20 hours a week gathering information during the first month of the baby’s hospitalization. They desire more information than is provided, particularly in the areas of infant health, infant care, and coping. Family is the primary source of support prior to birth and after discharge, but during the infant’s convalescence, nurses are the main source of support and help for parents in understanding and adapting to their baby. Many parents would use a computer-based resource for information if it were available to them.
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Li, Xiao-Li, Yun Liu, Miao Liu, Chun-Yan Yang e Qiao-Zhi Yang. "Early Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention Improved Oral Feeding and Prognosis by Promoting Neurodevelopment". American Journal of Perinatology 37, n. 06 (23 aprile 2019): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685448.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of early premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) in the prognosis of premature infants. Study Design Infants were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 78) and a control group (n = 73). PIOMI was given to the intervention group 15 to 30 minutes before feeding once a day for 14 days. The whole procedure lasted 15 minutes, including oral stimulation and nonnutritive sucking. Oral feeding ability and neuromotor development were evaluated using the Preterm Infant Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment (PIOFRA) scale and Infant Neurological International Battery (Infanib) scale. Results The PIOFRA score was higher in the intervention group and increased with time, showing a group–time interaction effect. The intervention group exhibited a higher feeding efficiency, a shorter transition time from assisted oral feeding to independent oral feeding, and lower body weight at achievement of independent oral feeding. The percentages of infants with a normal score on the Infanib scale were higher in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months of age, and an abnormal ratio was lower in the intervention group at 6 months (p < 0.01). Conclusion PIOMI promoted neuromotor coordination by improving neurodevelopment, thereby improving the oral feeding ability and prognosis of preterm infants.
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Sena, Giuliana De Souza, Sabrinne Suelen Santos Sampaio, Vanessa Braga Torres, Ingrid Guerra Azevedo, Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais, Ingrid Fonsêca Damasceno Bezerra e Silvana Alves Pereira. "Characteristics of Congenital Heart of Premature Newborns". Journal of Health Sciences 21, n. 3 (24 settembre 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n3p193-197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractCongenital heart disease is considered the most common malformation found in neonatology. The aim of this study was to characterize the congenital heart diseases of premature newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a high-risk maternity unit. This was an observational retrospective, descriptive character study carried out in a maternity school, reference in high-risk gestation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study was carried out with premature infants admitted to NICU, who presented some cardiological findings when performing the echocardiogram examination. Data collection was performed through the records of infants hospitalized from December 2016 to December 2017. A total of 371 records were evaluated. Fifty eight infants were diagnosed with congenital heart disease, and 38 of them had Persistence of the ductus arteriosus. The main diagnosed cardiopathies caused low pulmonary flow. About half of the pregnant women with cardiac infants presented some complications during pregnancy, and the most frequent was Urinary Tract Infection; 55 infants needed some ventilatory support, 14 had at least one extubation failure during the hospitalization period, and 8 presented atelectasis. Persistence of the ductus arteriosus was the most common cardiologic finding, and the most frequent congenital heart diseases were those that decreased pulmonary flow, diagnosed mostly in premature infants who needed some ventilation support, but who were discharged from hospital.Keywords: Infant, Premature. Intensive Care Units, Neonatal. Neonatology.ResumoCardiopatias congênitas (CC) são consideradas as malformações mais comuns encontradas na neonatologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as CC de recém-nascidos prematuros em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) de uma maternidade de alto risco. Tratase de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, de caráter descritivo, realizado em uma maternidade escola, referência em gestação de alto risco do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo foi realizado com os bebês prematuros admitidos na UTIN, que apresentaram algum achado cardiológico ao realizar o exame de ecocardiograma. A coleta de dados foi realizada através dos prontuários dos bebês internados no período de dezembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. Foram avaliados 371 prontuários, sendo elencados para o estudo 58 bebês, 38 apresentaram persistência do canal arterial (PCA) e foram alocados no grupo PCA e 20 apresentaram outro tipo de CC e foram alocados no grupo CC. 55 bebês necessitaram do uso de algum suporte ventilatório, 14 apresentaram pelo menos uma falha de extubação durante o período de internação e 8 apresentaram atelectasia. Cerca de metade das gestantes com bebês cardiopatas apresentaram alguma intercorrência durante a gestação. A mais frequente foi à infecção do trato urinário. A PCA foi o achado cardiológico mais comum da amostra (65%) e dentre os 20 RN com diferentes CC, as que causam o baixo fluxo pulmonar foram as mais frequentes (70%), sendo encontradas em sua maioria em prematuros que necessitaram de algum suporte ventilatório, mas que receberam alta hospitalar.Palavras-chave: Recém-Nascido Prematuro. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Neonatologia.
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Wahyuni, Rita. "Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in preterm infants: A literature review". Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan 17, n. 9 (25 gennaio 2024): 840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v17i9.13065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a problem that often occurs in premature babies. Measuring the correct bilirubin levels from the start will reduce the risk of complications of hyperbilirubinemia. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is a measurement that is still accurate today in screening for jaundice in premature babies.Purpose: To provide an overview of measuring TcB (Transcutaneous Bilirubin) in premature babies.Method: Literature review research by searching for academic articles through online databases, searching through online databases including Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar from 2013-2023 and obtained 10 suitable articles.Results: In a review of selected journals, it was found that TcB measurements are still recommended in screening for hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice, especially in premature babies. TcB also has results close to TSB in cases of premature babies receiving phototherapy and after phototherapy. Taking TcB from the forehead or sternum area is still an alternative option when taking measurements. TcB reduces the percentage of invasive procedures for taking TSB (Total Serum Bilirubin) in babies. However, consuming TSB also pays attention to medical indications.Conclusion: The use of TcB as a screen for hyperbilirubinemia in premature babies is a non-invasive treatment option for treating premature babies. TcB results are still accurate compared to TSB results. However, you still have to be careful, especially in premature babies <33 weeks and after the baby has received phototherapy. Keywords: Neonatal Jaundice; Preterm Infants; Transcutaneous Bilirubin.Pendahuluan: Hyperbilirubinemia adalah masalah yang kerap terjadi pada bayi prematur. Pengukuran kadar bilirubin yang tepat sedari awal akan mengurangi resiko komplikasi hyperbilirubinemia. Transkutaneous bilirubin (TcB) adalah pengukuran yang masih akurat sampai sekarang dalam skrining jaundice pada bayi prematur.Tujuan: Untuk memberi suatu gambaran mengenai pengukuran TcB (Transkutaneous Bilirubin) pada bayi prematur. Metode: Penelitian literature review dengan penelusuran artikel akademik melalui online database antara lain Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar dari tahun 2013-2023 dan didapatkan 10 artikel yang sesuai.Hasil: Dalam telaah review jurnal yang dipilih, didapatkan pengukuran TcB masih direkomendasikan dalam skrining hyperbilirubinemia atau jaundice, terutama pada bayi prematur. TcB juga mempunyai hasil yang mendekati TSB pada kasus bayi prematur yang mendapat fototerapi dan sesudah fototerapi. Pengambilan TcB pada daerah dahi atau tulang dada masih menjadi alternatif pilihan saat pengukuran. TcB mengurangi persentase tindakan invasif pengambilan TSB (Total Serum Bilirubin) pada bayi. Akan tetapi pengambilan TSB juga dipertimbangkan sesuai indikasi medis. Simpulan: Penggunaan TcB sebagai skrining hyperbilirubinemia pada bayi prematur merupakan pilihan tindakan non invasif pada perawatan bayi prematur. Hasil TcB masih akurat dibandingkan dengan hasil TSB. Akan tetapi tetap harus hati-hati terutama pada bayi prematur usia kehamilan <33 minggu dan setelah bayi mendapat tindakan foto terapi. Kata Kunci: Neonatal Jaundice; Preterm Infants; Transcutaneous Bilirubin.
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Burd, Angela, e Randall Burd. "Inguinal Hernia in the Premature Infant: Management of a Common Problem". Neonatal Network 21, n. 7 (gennaio 2002): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.7.39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on premature infants. Improved survival rates in the NICU have led to an increase in the incidence of premature infants with inguinal hernias. The NICU nurse, often the first to notice an inguinal hernia in a premature infant, should understand the etiology, basic pathophysiology, and nursing care for this condition.
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Beachy, Jodi. "Premature Infant Massage in the NICU". Neonatal Network 22, n. 3 (gennaio 2003): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.22.3.39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Infant massage therapy is an inexpensive tool that should be utilized as part of the developmental care of the preterm infant. Nurses have been hesitant to begin massage therapy for fear of overstimulating the infant and because there has been insufficient research to prove its safety. Recent research, however, has shown that the significant benefits of infant massage therapy far outweigh the minimal risks. When infant massage therapy is properly applied to preterm infants, they respond with increased weight gains, improved developmental scores, and earlier discharge from the hospital. Parents of the preterm infant also benefit because infant massage enhances bonding with their child and increases confidence in their parenting skills. This article discusses the benefits and risks of massage for preterm infants and their families and explains how to implement massage therapy in the neonatal intensive care setting.
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Pascoe, Michelle, Divya Bissessur e Pat Mayers. "Mothers' perceptions of their premature infant's communication: A description of two cases". Health SA Gesondheid 21 (11 ottobre 2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v21i0.945.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Survival rates of premature infants have increased due to advances in medicine. Premature infants however, remain at risk for developmental delays including communication difficulties. The bonding and attachment experiences of premature infants and their parents are often challenged, further placing these infants at risk for communication difficulties. This study firstly aimed to explore mothers' perceptions of their premature infants' communication. The second aim was to explore the mothers' perceptions of their own role in the communication development of their infants.Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted with two mother—infant dyads.Three visits took place in the first year of life. Subjective maternal reports were obtained through semi-structured interviews.Results: Differences in the two mothers' perceptions were noted. The mothers described helping their infants to communicate through physical contact and talking. Risk and protective factors for early communication development are discussed in relation to the findings.Conclusion: The findings support the need for a healthy mothereinfant relationship in the first few months of life. Health professionals should support premature infants and their families after discharge in order to help them interact with their infants and encourage attachment and bonding.
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Chahin, Nayef, Miheret S. Yitayew, Alicia Richards, Brielle Forsthoffer, Jie Xu e Karen D. Hendricks-Muñoz. "Ascorbic Acid and the Premature Infant". Nutrients 14, n. 11 (24 maggio 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Little information exists about the plasma target nutritional needs of the >15 million premature infants <37 weeks gestation. Investigating ascorbic acid’s (AscA) role in infant health, our study details the relationship of infant characteristics and maternal health on infant plasma AscA level (pAscA) during postnatal development. Furthermore, we determined pAscA influence during the first week of life (EpAscA) with later infant morbidities. We hypothesize that pAscA is influenced by gestational organ immaturity, as well as maternal factors, with EpAscA associated with greater morbidity risk. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study of pAscA, demographics and hospital course detailed in infants ≤34 weeks. Sixty-three subjects were included, with >200 urine and plasma data points analyzed. Maternal smoking, exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and advancing gestational and postnatal age were associated with lower pAscA. Non-white infants and those ≤30 weeks that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or retinopathy of prematurity had lower pAscA. Prenatal smoking, MgSO4, birth gestational age and race negatively influence pAscA. These results show prenatal and postnatal developmental factors influencing initial pAscA and metabolism, potentially setting the stage for organ health and risk for disease. Assessment of dietary targets may need adjustment in this population.
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Tsintsadze, Bella D. "Cystatin C and lipocalin — endogenous markers of glomerular filtration in children born prematurely". Russian Pediatric Journal 25, n. 3 (14 luglio 2022): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2022-25-3-206-211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The need to search for new markers of the functional state of the kidneys is increasing due to the gain in the number of extremely premature infants. The review analyzes publications on the possibilities of assessing kidney function using cystatin C and lipocalin in children born prematurely. The constant rate of cystatin C production in all tissues, its elimination through the renal glomerular filter, the absence of secretion in the proximal tubules, as well as independence from many factors, including gender, age, diet, inflammation are ideal conditions for its use as an endogenous biochemical marker of glomerular filtration. Due to biochemical features, the analysis of serum levels of cystatin C was established to be a promising method in the diagnosis of acute renal injury (AKI) in premature infants. For a comprehensive assessment of kidney function in premature infants, simultaneous determination of lipocalin and cystatin C levels in the blood may be important. At the same time, the evaluation of these indicators may have diagnostic significance in predicting the development of chronic kidney disease in children who underwent AKI in infancy. The absence of reference values of lipocalin and cystatin C in premature infants was concluded to hinder the clinical use of their quantitative analysis for a comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the kidneys.
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Lantos, J. D. "SUPPORTing Premature Infants". PEDIATRICS 132, n. 6 (11 novembre 2013): e1661-e1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1292.
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Norman, Elizabeth M. "Bathing Premature Infants". American Journal of Nursing 98, n. 9 (settembre 1998): 16NN. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199809000-00024.
Testo completo
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Cohen, Ronald S., e Katherine R. McCallie. "Feeding Premature Infants". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 36, n. 1_suppl (gennaio 2012): 20S—24S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607111421342.
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Robertson, Alex F., e Jatinder Bhatia. "Feeding Premature Infants". Clinical Pediatrics 32, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289303200107.
Testo completo
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Cardoso, Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão, Leiliane Martins Farias e Gleicia Martins de Melo. "Music and 25% glucose pain relief for the premature infant: a randomized clinical trial". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, n. 5 (ottobre 2014): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0029.2484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the total Premature Infant Pain Profile scores of premature infants undergoing arterial puncture during music and 25% glucose interventions, and to assess their association with neonatal and therapeutic variables.METHOD: a randomized clinical trial with 80 premature infants; 24 in the Experimental Group 1 (music), 33 in the Experimental Group 2 (music and 25% glucose), 23 in the Positive Control Group (25% glucose). All premature infants were videotaped and a lullaby was played for ten minutes before puncture in Experimental Groups 1 and 2; 25% glucose administered in Experimental Group 2 and the Positive Control Group two minutes before puncture.RESULTS: 60.0% of premature infants had moderate or maximum pain; pain scores and intervention groups were not statistically significant. Statistically significant variables: Experimental Group 1: head and chest circumference, Apgar scores, corrected gestational age; Experimental Group 2: chest circumference, Apgar scores, oxygen therapy; Positive Control group: birth weight, head circumference.CONCLUSION: neonatal variables are associated with pain in premature infants. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: UTN: U1111-1123-4821.
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Claure, Nelson, e Eduardo Bancalari. "Respiratory Instability and Hypoxemia Episodes in Preterm Infants". American Journal of Perinatology 35, n. 06 (25 aprile 2018): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637760.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractOxygenation instability is a very common problem in the premature infant that manifests as intermittent hypoxemia episodes (HEs). These are particularly frequent in premature infants who are on mechanical ventilation beyond the first weeks after birth. However, they can also occur in spontaneously breathing infants. Some of these episodes are due to central apnea, but in ventilated infants, they are frequently due to contractions of the abdominal musculature that can splint the respiratory pump, resulting in periods of decreased lung volume and hypoventilation. HEs are often followed by periods of hyperoxemia that results from excessive oxygen supplementation given to correct the hypoxemia. These episodes increase in frequency with postnatal age and are more common in infants with chronic lung disease. Although the evidence is not conclusive, their detrimental effects on the infant's neurologic, ocular, and respiratory system may be significant. There is no specific treatment for HEs, but several interventions are available to ameliorate the severity and duration of the episodes. Further research is needed to define the impact of HEs on the preterm infant's developing central nervous system and other organ systems and to develop effective strategies to prevent these episodes.
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Nye, Carla. "Transitioning Premature Infants from Gavage to Breast". Neonatal Network 27, n. 1 (gennaio 2008): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.27.1.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Breast milk provides physiologic and neurodevelopmental protection for premature infants. Most hospitals are breast-milk friendly, but the number of premature infants breastfeeding successfully at discharge is relatively small. There are evidence-based techniques to improve the odds of premature infants breastfeeding at discharge and into the first year of life. Measures that help the infant make the transition to the breast include kangaroo care, nonnutritive sucking, avoidance of bottles, and consistent and supportive staff. A guide to management of the transition process is provided in this article.
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Ghetti, Claire M., Bente Johanne Vederhus, Tora Söderström Gaden, Annette K. Brenner, Łucja Bieleninik, Ingrid Kvestad, Jörg Assmus e Christian Gold. "Longitudinal Study of Music Therapy’s Effectiveness for Premature Infants and Their Caregivers (LongSTEP): Feasibility Study With a Norwegian Cohort". Journal of Music Therapy 58, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 201–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thaa023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Premature infants and their parents experience significant stress during the perinatal period. Music therapy (MT) may support maternal–infant bonding during this critical period, but studies measuring impact across the infant’s first year are lacking. This nonrandomized feasibility study used quantitative and qualitative methods within a critical realist perspective to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and suitability of the treatment arm of the Longitudinal Study of music Therapy’s Effectiveness for Premature infants and their caregivers (LongSTEP) (NCT03564184) trial with a Norwegian cohort (N = 3). Families were offered MT emphasizing parent-led infant-directed singing during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and across 3 months post-discharge. We used inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with parents at discharge from NICU and at 3 months and analyzed quantitative variables descriptively. Findings indicate that: (1) parents of premature infants are willing to participate in MT research where parental voice is a main means of musical interaction; (2) parents are generally willing to engage in MT in NICU and post-discharge phases, finding it particularly interesting to note infant responsiveness and interaction over time; (3) parents seek information about the aims and specific processes involved in MT; (4) the selected self-reports are reasonable to complete; and (5) the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire appears to be a suitable measure of impaired maternal–infant bonding. Parents reported that they were able to transfer resources honed during MT to parent–infant interactions outside MT and recognized parental voice as a central means of building relation with their infants. Results inform the implementation of a subsequent multinational trial that will address an important gap in knowledge.
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Jadhav, Tushar R., e Shailaja S. Jaywant. "The effect of ladder approach on development of preterm low birth weight infants with HIE-2". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, n. 3 (25 febbraio 2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200674.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Premature infants with Peri-natal asphyxia leading to a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are at greater risk for cerebral palsy. HIE grade II infants have long term neurological complications due to maladaptive brain wiring during NICU stay. Ladder approach, with graded stimulation program is administered by Occupational therapist, plays a vital role to minimize the maladaptive responses to environment. Objective of this study was to effect of Ladder Approach on preterm low birth weight Infants with HIE-2 as compared to conventional treatment. Design of this study was to Prospective Block Randomized Convenient Sampling Control Trial, Experimental design study. The study was carried out in the NICU and PU ward of Tertiary care hospital in metropolitan city from April 2015 to October 2016. The study subjects included a convenient sample of 30 preterm Low birth weight HIE-2 infants randomly selected into study or control groups. Neonatal behavioural Assessment scale (NBAS), Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB).Methods: The preterm infants from study group who received Ladder Approach and control group who received routine conventional care only. Outcome measures NBAS was at baseline and first follow up. INFANIB was administered at second follow up to assess neurodevelopment.Results: Showed that the premature infants of the study had significant difference in neuro behavioral status with mean for all subcomponents from to post intervention mean 39.6 in experimental group and from baseline mean of 24.3 to post intervention mean score of 33.2 in control group on neurobehavioral scale. Further neurodevelopmental status showed similar results on INFANIB in experimental group.Conclusions: The premature Infants with HIE grade 2, receiving ladder approach have shown more mature responses resulting into well-organized Neurobehavioral status, and resulted in improved brain wiring as evident in INFANIB.
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Komatsu, Daniela Franco Rizzo, Edna Maria de Albuquerque Diniz, Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro, Maria Esther Jurvest Rivero Ceccon e Flávio Adolfo Costa Vaz. "Randomized controlled trial comparing nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in premature infants after tracheal extubation". Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, n. 6 (settembre 2016): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.06.568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Objective: To analyze the frequency of extubation failure in premature infants using conventional mechanical ventilation (MV) after extubation in groups subjected to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Method: Seventy-two premature infants with respiratory failure were studied, with a gestational age (GA) ≤ 36 weeks and birth weight (BW) > 750 g, who required tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The study was controlled and randomized in order to ensure that the members of the groups used in the research were chosen at random. Randomization was performed at the time of extubation using sealed envelopes. Extubation failure was defined as the need for re-intubation and mechanical ventilation during the first 72 hours after extubation. Results: Among the 36 premature infants randomized to nIPPV, six (16.6%) presented extubation failure in comparison to 11 (30.5%) of the 36 premature infants randomized to nCPAP. There was no statistical difference between the two study groups regarding BW, GA, classification of the premature infant, and MV time. The main cause of extubation failure was the occurrence of apnea. Gastrointestinal and neurological complications did not occur in the premature infants participating in the study. Conclusion: We found that, despite the extubation failure of the group of premature infants submitted to nIPPV being numerically smaller than in premature infants submitted to nCPAP, there was no statistically significant difference between the two modes of ventilatory support after extubation.
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Isaacson, Laura. "Steps to Successfully Breastfeed the Premature Infant". Neonatal Network 25, n. 2 (marzo 2006): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.25.2.77.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The birth of a premature infant causes emotional upheaval for parents. They often wonder what they can do to help their infant during the critical newborn period. Providing breast milk is one of the most important physiologic benefits a mother can give her premature infant. The advantages of breast milk are numerous. It is the responsibility of those who care for premature infants and their families to provide parents with the support they need to supply the best possible nutrition for their infant. Breastfeeding a premature infant can challenge both the mother and her health care team, however. Infants should be assessed individually for readiness to proceed through the steps leading to successful breastfeeding. From establishing a milk supply to putting the baby to the breast, parents rely on the nurse for information, instruction, and encouragement. This article identifies obstacles to breastfeeding the premature infant and offers a step-by-step approach for promoting successful breastfeeding in the NICU.
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Haga, Mitsuhiro, Yumiko Sato, Tomo Kakihara, Wakako Sumiya, Masayuki Kanno, Tetsuya Ishimaru, Masaki Shimizu e Hiroshi Kawashima. "Bedside Ultrasonography in Evaluating Mediastinum Leakage in an Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infant with Esophageal Perforation". American Journal of Perinatology Reports 12, n. 01 (gennaio 2022): e76-e79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741538.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractEsophageal perforation in premature infants is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is recommended for diagnosis. However, it is difficult to obtain CECT images in premature infants because of their unstable conditions. We encountered a case of esophageal perforation in an extremely-low-birth-weight female infant. Bedside ultrasonography was useful in the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of leakage in the mediastinum. Ultrasonography can be a useful modality for the evaluation of perforation of the lower part of the esophagus in premature infants.