Tesi sul tema "Industrie pétrolière et gazière"
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Platonova, Alexandrina. "Projets d'investissement dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière russe dans le cadre des mécanismes de flexibilité du protocole de Kyoto". Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOE001.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis evaluates the perspectives of the oil and gas investment projects in the frame of the Joint Implementation mechanism in Russia. From the energy point of view, the relationships between climate policy and energy systems are described and the main sources of GHG emissions reductions in the Russian oil and gas sector are evaluated. From the environmental point of view, the JI is firstly considered as an economic instrument of the international climate agreements. Secondly, are demonstrated the characteristics of the JI perturbing his efficiency and his capacity to ensure the environmental quality of projects. Based on the specificities of Russian climate policy, two scenarios of its development are proposed to estimate the perspectives of JI in the oil and gas sector in the middle term
Ariankia, Reza. "La technique de la joint-venture au sein de l'industrie pétro-gazière internationale : contribution à l'étude juridique sur les architectures contractuelles pratiquées par les principaux acteurs pétro-gaziers en amont". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D004.
Testo completoThe joint venture is a legal technic closely related to the international upstream oil and gasindustry. Practically, it corresponds to very diversified contractual architectures based ondifferent legal engineering. Since its creation in the USA oil and gas industry, the technic ofjoint venture with its great congenital adaptability has generated various versions assistingthe legal relationship of international players in this field. Legal structure of each of itsvariants has its particularities formed according to the strategies, objectives, needs,experiences, means and technical, financial and managerial limits surrounded participants. Inthis context, the study of the role of this technic in the contractual framework between twooil and gas main players in the second half of the 20th century is very important. Indeed, uponit enters in the legal relationship between oil and gas producers countries and international oiland gas companies, the technic of "participating joint venture" has gradually become a keystrategy of producers countries in their upstream oil and gas sector. In other words,regardless of the principal contractual structure of the host-state in upstream oil and gassector, where it or its dismemberment participates with an international oil and gas companyin exploration and development projects, the use of legal technic of the joint venture isindispensable. The impact of such participation on the joint venture is considerable. Thepresence of a participant with public powers within a petroleum joint venture affect the paritybalance among participants and therefore influence its legal structure, and the process of itsformation and its functioning
Germain-Piaulenne, Emeric. "Characterization of regional Middle Eastern methane sources using light hydrocarbon tracers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASJ016.
Testo completoMethane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and an important lever for mitigating global warming in the near future. Understanding its sources is therefore crucial, yet the anthropogenic fraction (60 %) appears to be underestimated in inventories. CH4 emissions retain large uncertainties at a regional scale. Current measurement networks such as ICOS (for GHG) and ACTRIS (for reactive compounds) provide data that could ultimately be used to separate the sources in time and space. However, approaches to synergistically use these data are lacking.Uncertainties in emission rates are particularly marked in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME), where large emissions occur. This region is known to be sensitive to climate change, has major concerns about air pollution and is undergoing significant development and hence GHG emissions. In the Middle East, oil and gas (OG) related CH4 emissions are expected to dominate other emission sectors.Among the volatile organic compounds, Non-Methane HydroCarbons (NMHC) such as light alkanes, are co-emitted with CH4 in OG supply chains. Thus, they have been identified as relevant tracers for characterizing CH4 emissions from this key sector.To address the challenges posed in the EMME region, our research in this thesis has been focused on investigating the capability of combined CH4/NMHC set of atmospheric remote measurements with source-receptor methodology to deliver insight into the CH4 emissions of the EMME region.A high-precision Picarro G2401 analyzer and two gas chromatographs with flame ionization detector were deployed during several field campaigns in the EMME region. Extensive datasets were obtained with co-localized observations of GHG and NMHC (C2 to C12). They can be used to identify and characterise local and regional sources of CH4 using hydrocarbon trace gas signals. Combined with Lagrangian modelling of the atmosphere, they can be used to further investigate the contribution of long-range transport to local sources and to assess the accuracy of CH4 emission inventories in the EMME region.The island of Cyprus is ideally located to document the chemical composition of contrasted air masses in the EMME region. The first continuous CH4 observations were performed on the island between February 2020 and November 2021 at a suburban site of the capital, Nicosia. NMHC measurements joined CH4 in February 2021. Over a period of several months between cold and warm periods, this campaign enabled the combined CH4 and NMHC measurement methodology to be evaluated and applied to the study of specific local emissions.Secondly, measurements were performed at a background site at the southeastern edge of Cyprus between December 2021 and February 2022. This three-month campaign set up in a mobile laboratory at a rural site during the winter aimed to focus on long-range regional signals originating from the Middle East (with as little local interference as possible). This work suggests that Middle Eastern emissions from the upstream OG stage are underestimated by almost half in the study area.Finally, a campaign carried out from a research vessel from Vigo (Spain) to Abu Dhabi (UAE) and around the Arabian Peninsula in November-December 2022 help to clarify, document and assess the regional emission influences. It also identified targets for future research on CH4 emissions and showed the major spatial discrepancies remaining within this specific region, especially in the estimation of the emissions from fuel exploitation activities.Ultimately, the experimental results obtained during this thesis provide an assessment of local and regional CH4 emissions sources in the EMME region. We highlighted the importance of ground-based observations for understanding CH4 emissions and targeting mitigation efforts. The use of light alkanes to disentangle sectoral contributions to CH4 emissions is promising and should be applied to long-term monitoring measurements
Rezaiezadeh, Baravati Mohammad Javad. "La crise pétrolière et ses répercussions internationales et en France". Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2A001.
Testo completoThe oil crisis broke out in the seventies, its results were rather beneficial to the producers and harmful to the consumers. The crisis showed itself in a rise of oil prices and a decrease in production. Not only was the field of oil industries upset, but international economic relationships were called into question too. The crisis enabled oil producing countries to get themselves out of international companies'supervision by forcing the fixed price of crude oil on them and by getting rid of their old concessions. Higher oil prices were a painful blow to western countries whose economies were based on oil imports and a more painful one on developing countries. They accelerated the pace of inflation and entailed big problems for the balances of payments in such countries. The result for France in 1974 was a 16,9 billion trade deficit. France's reaction to the crisis was different from other western countries' and oil companies'. It did not agree with the american thesis : a unified body of consumers so as to break the solidarity of producing countries. It refused to join the international agency for energy and proposed a tripartite conference on energy (. . . )
Pirovska, Margarita. "Libéralisation et élargissement : Impacts sur l'organisation industrielle des marchés du gaz naturel en Europe de l'Est". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090023.
Testo completoIn 2004, The EU opens to competition its non-residential natural gas markets. At the same time, eight former socialist countries become member states. These institutional evolutions have a great impact on the industrial organisation of the East-european natural gas markets. The specificity and the rigidity of the transport networks, also the strong import dependency, weaken the security of supply and transform natural gas into a definitely political energy source. Towards these issues, the dissertation explores the stakes of the integration of the natural gas sector for the development of a single market in the enlarged EU. Proceeding with an analysis of the industrial structures and the protagonists' strategies of natural gas markets in Eastern Europe, this dissertation reveals the emerging oligopoly trend and the cooperation between dominant players. This evolution could possibly brake the networks' interconnection as well as the achievement of an integrated and competitive natural gas market
Battani, Anne. "Utilisation des gaz rares He, Ne et Ar pour l'exploration pétrolière et gazière : exemples des accumulations du Pakistan et de Macuspana (Mexique)". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112382.
Testo completoChegrouche, Lagha. "La dynamique de l'industrie gazière en Europe de l'ouest : contribution à l'analyse des pouvoirs de marché des producteurs et des transporteurs". Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131001.
Testo completoThis study analyses the dynamics of the european gas industry as mani fested through the market powers of both producers and carriers. Within this framework, we have attempted to define the patterns prevailing in these market powers and then to estimate the aggregate surplus of the gas industry, which is a concrete expression of these market powers. As a first step we propose an analysis of the basic conditions of the gas industry that allows us to obtain an understanding of the competition dynamic ruling over the productin and market conditions. Then, an examination of the market structures brings to fore two characteristic logics of this industry. One of these is a network logic that provides the basis of economies of scale and density. The other, a contractual logic, i. E. Prices and quantitites, in a logic through which the relative market forces are expressed. The third and final step comprises a review and analysis of the actors strategies from the standpoint of quantities as well as of prices. At this point we are able to identity the gas rent creation and capturing processus which we then proced to evaluate for each actor, for each market and on a european scale
Serfati, Thierry. "La NIOC, instrument de la politique pétrolière iranienne : 1951-1990". Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10018.
Testo completoIn 1988, the periodical "Petroleum intelligence weekly" named the N. I. O. C. As the fifth largest oil conglomerate in the world. This itself is indicative of developments since the nationalisation in 1951 of the Iranian oil industry, and the creation in the same year of Iran’s publically owned oil corporation, the "National Iranian Oil Company". The N. I. O. C. Was established to formalise the public ownership of the Iranian oil industry, and has been used from the outset as the tool of the Iranian government to implement its policy towards the oil industry, namely: - at the beginning, to create and form the Iranian oil industry, - subsequently, as a means of developing the industry in the light of new political and economic realities. - finally, as the promoter of countertrade for the Iranian oil industry, notably during the eight year Iraq-Iran conflict. From the end of the war (about mid-1988), the N. I. O. C. Further developed its role as "adaptor" of the Iranian oil industry within the context of the accelerated reconstruction of the national economy. This is a task which, in July 1990, is still continuing. .
Trabelsi, Sarah. "La libéralisation du marché énergétique européen et la nouvelle problématique gazière". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090070.
Testo completoAoun, Marie-Claire. "La rente pétrolière et le développement économique des pays exportateurs". Paris 9, 2008. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/theses/2008PA090034.
Testo completoTonderi, Astiage. "L'analyse structurale d'économie pétrolière en Iran : 1900-1975". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100060.
Testo completoQuast, Oliver. "Les fondements des modèles successifs d'organisation de l'industrie gazière : analyse des conditions d'introduction de la concurrence dans une industrie de réseau". Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21027.
Testo completoThe dissertation analyses the organisational evolution of national gas industries, where a "competition model" succeeds a predecessor, the conventionally integrated industry model. A first theory relates various forms of vertical and horizontal integration with efficiency gains which can be gained from the gas supply chains stages' production properties. This theory has been amended with the apparition of the notion of contestable markets : free market entry can replace direct public regulation of natural monopolies. A second chain of thought referring to neo-institutional theory refers the choice between organisational models to the principle of minimisation of transaction costs. The combination of these two lines of thought deliver the foundations for a dynamic life cycle theory of organisation for network infrastructure industries. The arrival at industry maturity raises its market's contestability. A decrease of asset specificity indicates an orientation of industry organisation towards more competitive exchange structures. The dissertations second section aims at analysing optimal industry organisations in their respective phase of maturity. The case study of the german gas industry shows how the conventional model of organisation can be contested. The market entry strategy of basf-wintershall-gazprom shows that in a scarcely regulated and mature industry there are strong incentives to enter the market. The british experience gives an example of regulatory gas industry evolution. Successive organisational reforms caused the appearance of new types of transactions, and notably spot market exchanges. The example of the us gas industry is interpreted as exposing a "stabilised" model of industry organisation. Efficiency gains can be found in changing supply arrangements and in offering services associated with the industry's core activities. Risk and information management which is necessary to execute a variety of complementary transactions allows to decrease transaction costs. This result is mainly achieved by realising economies of speed through new information treatment and distribution technologies (it)
Duque, Dutra Luis Eduardo. "Evolution technologique, structure industrielle et trajectoire des entreprises : révision théorique et étude des activités de prospection et d'exploration pétrolière". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131039.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the relationship between the organisation of oil contractors and markets with the evolution of geophysical and drilling technologies. In the last 20 years, there have been numerous changes in the oil industry, among them, the change in exploration is particularly interesting. However, little has been published on this subject. Five corporations (halliburton, schlumberger, dresser, baker & hughes and litton) survived from the last oil crisis and now dominate upstream of the oil industry wich comprises a heterogeneous mosaic of specialised markets (including geophysical prospection, drilling onshore and offshore, electrical logging, mud logging, perforation, cimentation, stimulation etc. ). Whereas, in the 1970's, more than 20 firms were in competition. We suggest one analyse for this transformation that is essentially historical upon a simple schumpeterien "model" and improved by new economic thoeries of innovation and evolution. We argue that this concentration was not exclusively a consequence following ten years of oil prices decreasing. At the beginning of the 1960's offshore production and the electronic revolution induced oil contractors to diversify their activities further afield from their specialities. Since then one observes on one hand, the transformation of these firms (specialised companies that turned decisivly towards multiproduction) and on the other hand, an integration coupled with concentration, which takes an inter and intra-industrial dimension
Bikam, Peter. "L'industrie pétrolière et l'aménagement de la distribution de ses produits : impacts et perspectives dans l'Est nigérian". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040019.
Testo completoThe study presents the problems of the petroleum industry of Nigeria, a major oil producing country but faced with the frequent shortages of petroleum products. The study examines the paradox surrounding fuel distribution crisis in Nigeria, particularly the case of the eastern states of the country where many oil wells and petrochemical industries are situated. The method of research adopted is based on a chronological, subjective and quantitative approach to the stated hypothesis. Nigeria is a member of the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) and one of the principal African oil producing states, (2 million barrels per day). The country is faced with the problems of petroleum products distribution since 1974. Although being a major oil producing country, the effective distribution of fuel is not adequately organized inside the country. The scarcity of petroleum products has negative impacts on industrial, domestic, commercial and motor vehicle consumers. The artificial shortages of refined petroleum is responsible for high inflation rates in the country and as a results of this, the quality of life of the local population has deteriorated. In view of the fact that urban and rural dwellers in Nigeria are highly dependent on petroleum products to commute between different locations to transact businesses and perform other social activities, the effective distribution of the products is an indicator of economic growth which should be sustained. The study inquires on the impact of fuel scarcity on the level of economic performance in the country. The study also highlights the problems facing the petroleum industry in Nigeria, the potentials and future planning perspectives to be envisaged. The findings of the research shows that there is a correlation between the periods of fuel scarcity and high inflation rates in the country. The research proposal stresses the need for an effective fuel distribution system that can enhanced positive economic gains in the petroleum industry. The conclusion of the study stresses the need for an active private participation in the oil sector as a way of liberalizing and promoting a more competitive market oriented economy in the oil industry of Nigeria
Emami, Parvaneh. "L'Industrie pétrolière en Iran, 1970-1978 : ses effets d'entraînement sur l'économie iranienne". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070020.
Testo completoIsabelle, Marc. "Accélération technologique et transformations organisationnelles dans l'industrie d'exploration-production d'hydrocarbures". Dijon, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003692.
Testo completoThe upstream oil and gas industry experienced a dramatic technological acceleration in the early 1970's. The relationships between the agents in this industry have themselves undergone deep changes since that date. This thesis shows that a tight link exists between the technological acceleration and the organizational transformations in the upstream oil and gas industry. In a first part, it focuses on the economic theory's developments concerning industrial organization. In a second part, it applies these developments to three types of relations: those between the owner-states of hydrocarbon resources and the international petroleum companies; those between the international petroleum companies and their subcontractors; and finally those between the international petroleum companies themselves
Sarret, Patrick. "Modélisation numérique des champs de fractures des massifs rocheux : application à l'industrie pétrolière". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10018.
Testo completoCherif, Mohamed-Jallel. "Adaptation des payes arabes à uine nouvelle donne pétrolière". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090038.
Testo completoThe contribution of oil in the economic growth of arab countries is relatively considerable, but the actual condition of sales and reserves of hydrocarbon of certain countries in the O. A. P. E. C. C appears to be reaching an unquestionable high level. The need for a rapid distribution of oil revenues through accelerated industrialization justifies itself in point of fact concerning this new oil deal. The object of thesis is the study of the dynamics of oil reserves in relation to that of economic activity. In this research we have attempted to deal with the following three themes. - the evolution of different sources of energy - the industrial valorization of hydrocarbons - the 'large-scale' economic results of oil expropriation and subsequent oil stratagies. These are the three points which have been approached in this thesis
David, Laurent. "La restructuration des industries gazières américaine et britannique : la réglementation de la charge d'accès aux réseaux de gazoducs". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10056.
Testo completoTadayoni, Kazerouni Abbas. "La législation pétrolière américaine et le nouveau droit international de la mer". Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020109.
Testo completoBéraud, Philippe, e Innocento Sodji. "Les modalités de formation et de recyclage de la rente pétrolière". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100070.
Testo completoThe subject of this work consists in revealing the conditions of formation, appropriation and redistribution of oil rent from a new angle. In order to fulfill the requirements of the problematic in a relevant way, a division into two parts was adopted, referring to the methods of interpretation of energy economics and development economics respectively. The heuristic stake lies in the capacity to restitute the very unity and continuity of the studied phenomenon, by linking together the teachings drawn from the two preceding investigation fields, and thus by rejecting the classical dichotomy or and descriptive interpretation. In this way, our contribution shows itself an attempt to follow and to reflect the cycle of the rent from its start to its metamorphosis. Therefore the first part deals with the analysis of the conditions of formation and appropriation of oil surplus. Stress is laid on the structure of energy prices and on the factors which determine its evolution. For this purpose we show that the confrontation between the conditions of energy supply and demand (including the influence of public intervention) can be an object of systematization able to reflect the combination of factors, making the understanding of the economic links between the different sources of energy obvious. The nature of oil surplus, the evolution of its amount and of its repartition, can therefore be interpreted in the light of the theoretical teachings acquired in the framework of this systematization. The second part deals with the analysis of the conditions and the effects of redistribution of oil surplus in the OPEC countries, especially of the arabo-iranian area (Algeria, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait). Stress is laid on industrialization and others aspects of economic evolution of these countries
Berthaud, Pierre. "Essai sur l'évolution de l'économie globale à partir de l'étude de sa composante pétrolière". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21035.
Testo completoFounded upon the precursoy works of schumpeter (on "economic development"), of perroux (on power and economic spaces), of keynes (on "monetary economics of production") and, more recently, on the elements of the french regulation theories (on "productive system" and the crisis), we sut up an essay on the global evolution of industrial capitalism such as it appears when we consider it within one ot its particular atypical component of activities namely, the petroleum industry in its relation with the energy sector. The first part defines and connects together the fundamental notions in an outlook closely intertwing economics and politics, the monetary and the real world. It shows the necessity to have priliminary ideas concerning the productive system which is jointly the subject and object of the evolution in order to understand to what extent the specific development of the petroleum industry and the energy sector is a factor of the global development -while, at the same time, it is an example illustrating the main stages of that evolution. In the second part, we analyse the regulation and the crises of the american productive (petroleum) system between 1920-21 and to-day. From this study, there follows a number of questions concerning the nature of changes at work since the end of the sixties, as far as the petroleum industry and the global economy are concerned but
Hou, Sophie. "Transport et distribution du gaz naturel en Russie orientale : enjeux économiques, politiques et territoriaux". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010650.
Testo completoThis thesis is about natural gas in Russia. Energy studies are common amongst studies about Russia.However, they often focus on the relationships between Russia and European countries. This study tries to shift from this approach to chiefly analyze the domestic market and Russian territory and to emphasize the contrasts at the scale of Russian Federation. The Siberian and Far Eastern territories are considered as peripheries. From an energy point of view, they are not linked with Gazprom transportation and distribution network. However, the “gasification program of the regions of Russian Federation”, presented as a social program, has been implemented in the eastern territories. In this thesis, its elaboration and its implementation are studied. Preference is given to regional scale, the program being jointly realized by regional administrations and Gazprom at the instigation of the federal government. The analysis of four Siberian and Far Eastern regions show that the results of the program and its social character need to be qualified. The gas networks development in Eastern Russia is modest and conditioned by perspectives of export. Furthermore, Gazprom controls the process and its aims may differ from the other protagonists’ aims, which generates some tensions. Center/peripheries logics dynamics are at work and can be seen in the relations between actors and in spatial differentiation. Territories are characterized by diverse degrees of integration in the energy space, organized by the natural gas sector
La, Vega Navarro Angel de. "Les dynamiques de la composante pétrolière dans le développement économique du Mexique". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21003.
Testo completoThe present thesis analyses the recent transformations undergone by the mexican oil industry during the last decade, associated with the introduction of a new institutional framework and new organisational forms in the whole economy. These transformations, however, may or may not be compatible with a new model of development based on the liberalisation of goods and capital exchanges. An understanding of this process that combines macro, sectorial and micro levels was sought using a historical perspective. The " mexican oil model " (mom) is a form of organisation whose long-lasting character has only recently been questioned, and which still influences the on- going transformations of the oil industry. Essentially, the mom was a specific combination of national ownership of the resources and public monopoly over the whole of the oil industry. Its gradual transformation take place within a transitional framework, associated with the introduction of new combinations between institutional environment and organisational forms of economic activity. The reorganisation of the oil industry includes notably : the privatisation of certain industrial activities, the modernisation of the public oil company - pemex -, the introduction of new regulations allowing greater private participation in the oil industry and the establishment of new relationships with the main actors of the international oil industry. Since the role of pemex remains central to the organisation of this sector, the success or failure of the on-going reform relies mainly on the behaviour and performances of the public oil company. It appears that such a reorganisation of the oil industry is viable in the case of a country whose economy is opening up to globalisation of finances and production. Certain resistances persist within the regulatory framework, and these have to disappear if the reform is to obtain any credibility. Moreover, pemex's present strategies indicate a number of risks and problems. Indeed, this public company has chosen a " pari rentier " (" a rentist bet "), which relies heavily on the state's exclusive right over oil and gas upstream activities. This is set against the present trend in international oil actors' strategies and behaviours, towards increasing reliance on technical progress, productivity and profit
Jazzar, Sultan. "L'ontologie de l'économie pétrolière en Arabie Saoudite et analyse terminologique anglais-français-arabe". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1005.
Testo completoFournier, Gilles. "Application des modèles mathématiques de coût à la détermination des investissements dans l'industrie pétrolière". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE008.
Testo completoIt is today of paramount importance to realistically forecast the cost and time required to design and manufacture a given product, from the very first phase of the project. Furthermore, with the increasingly rapid development of technology, it is often impossible to draw a direct parallel with existing, well known products. Mathematical models of cost, and map models in particular, have been developed to meet this need. Although one may still refer to former products, they do not automatically have to be "analogous" to the product under consideration, because these methods use "universal relationships" between cost, weight, technology, performance and reliability, and also the nature and experience of the firm manufacturing the product. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the pertinence, and more importantly the potential, of mathematical models of cost for the oil and gas industry, from exploration and production to refining, petrochemicals, and internal combustion engines. After a theoretical examination of estimation methods and a classification of existing ones, emphasis is placed on the logical aspect of these models. In addition, the complementarity between these tools and certain fields such as project management is pointed out, for example with respect to value control. The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to case studies. It aims chiefly at comparing theory with practice in order to identify the limits of mathematical models of cost so that they can be used judiciously
Mercier, Philippe. "Les stratégies de production pétrolière des pays du Moyen-Orient". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE006.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the relations between the middle eastern oil producing countries. How economics can contribute to better explain the production behaviours of theses countries ? What about the effects ? This study is based on : - an empirical analysis of the real production strategies of the middle eastern countries, which mostly belong to the OPEC. We will try to concentrate on the following notions : cooperation/conflict/rationality of behaviours. Also, we will demonstrate how the study of international relations, especially the exercise of influence between nations, can contribute an original point of view ; - a theoretical analysis : what kind of solutions the economic theory can provide, as it may be classical or modem (particularly the game theory), to explain these behaviours
Blin, Louis. "L'Algérie, du Sahara au Sahel : route transsaharienne, économie pétrolière et construction de l'Etat". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040067.
Testo completoAlgeria has decided to build the transsaharan highway after the nationalization of petroleum, following years of unproductive regional co-operation. The Algerian authorities set this road as a model. This project is a symbol of the power given to the state by the hydrocarbons on both internal and external stages, as it was to turn the Sahara into the masterpiece of the establishment of a national territory, as well as it aimed at the reorganization of the regional environment, relating to the situation involved by the petroleum rent. This highway has materialized at one time the new vocation of the Sahara as a root and a stake of power, and the rivalries enhanced between its inhabitants and their states, as well as between the neighboring or non-neighboring countries. Algeria put this project aside after 1978, and sahelian countries built concurrent roads: these phenomenons show the crisis of the petroleum-based economy and the withdrawal of Algerian southern ambitions. On the cultural point of view, the transsaharan highway has lead to the reappraisal of Algeria’s saharan components, in opposition to its Mediterranean leaning during and after the colonization. The Sahara is the base of Algeria’s and even of most of the partly saharan countries ' development. It must not be considered as a peripheric or a transit zone, but as a distinct area. The awareness of belonging to Sahara may be a way for the people of this region to build their own identity
Ndoutoumé, Ngome Jonathan. "Les aspects géopolitiques et géostratégiques de l'exploitation pétrolière dans les pays du golfe de Guinée". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3007.
Testo completoThe Middle-East, the world’s largest oil producer, no longer seems to be suffiscient guarantee for the current demand, not because its huge oil reserves are empty, but due to the insecurity and instability prevailing there. That is why other areas of production, such as the Gulf of Guinea, gain access to this new oil geopolitics the world knows. The Gulf of Guinea is an area endowed with abundant oil reserves in sea. Though those undeniable potentialities, far from contributing to socio-economic rise, oil turns out to be rather a factor of competition among powers, geopolitical tension among and within states in the Gulf of Guinea. This situation stems from the crucial role played by African states as providers of raw materials. It is what this dissertation tries to demonstrate through the description, the analysis of the geopolitical and geostrategic aspects of oil exploitation in the states of the Gulf of Guinea. This study proposes a global thought on the necessity of good governing in the area, in order to obtain a sustainable and balanced exploitation of oil
Lavagne, d'Ortigue Pauline. "Un empire dans l'Empire ? : les villes de l'Anglo Iranian Oil Company et le modèle britannique de colonie pétrolière". Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30032.
Testo completoBritish towns in Iran Where people speak English, Bakhtiyâri, Persian, Arabic, Hindi, Burmese and Lori ; where one finds modernist architecture, proper drains, cricket fields, Laurence Olivier films, haggis and chutney. . . Surely cannot exist. In fact, they do not exist as such any longer, but they did. At the beginning of the XXth century, Iran was a sovereign, rural and agricultural country. After years of wild-catting, a handful of persistent British geologists discovered vast oil fields in the semi-autonomous province of Khuzistan. The single-industry enclave which was developed there, remained under the control of the Anglo Iranian Oil Company for half a century. Combining industrial logic and colonial culture, the company built a comprehensive urban infrastructure for its British, Indian and eventually Iranian employees. Created ex nihilo, its establishments were the first modern industrial Iranian towns, the largest British single investment abroad at the time, and the locus of a history as concentrated as it was conflicted. Following the rationalisation of the Iranian oil industry in 1951, 60% of the urban population of Khuzistan lived in these towns which had not existed fifty years earlier. This dissertation investigates the way they were planned, built, administered and inhabited
Garifullin, Renar. "Evolution récente et perspectives d'évolution de l'industrie pétrolière en Fédération de Russie et plus spécialement dans la République du Bachkortostan". Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOE003.
Testo completoDos, Santos Edmilson Moutinho. "Approche évolutionniste de la compétitivité des activités amont de la filière pétrolière dans une perspective de long terme". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE003.
Testo completoThe purpose of this work is to analyze the concept of competitiveness of companies and nations in the upstream sector of the international oil industry, trying to identify the possibilities of future development of this sector as well as the interactions that may exist between different actors such as governments, consumers and oil companies to boost or relaunch the competitive position of their enterprises and countries in the international context of the industry. In order to attain that, we analyze the developments of the most important economic attributes that characterize the oil activity as well as its most crucial political aspects. We develop a model of "oil competition" and a definition of "oil competitiveness" that take clearly into consideration both the differences between various oil actors and the dynamic aspects linked to the evolution of the oil industry. We do so by constructing an evolutionist model of competition and competitiveness. This approach emulates a "biological process" where firms and the economic environment interact with each other within a process similar to "natural selection" with the survival of the fittest. This evolutionist model adopts some analytical instruments established by Michael Porter, from the university of Harvard, to interpret the changes and the dissimilarities of behavior of various oil actors as well as to explain their respective role in the new oil world that is being organized. Thus, we introduce the notions of "dominant form of competition" and "generic strategy of enterprises". Then, we use our methodology to analyze the past of the oil industry (the stability and the instability). We conclude this work by discussing about the future evolution of the oil activities in the context of a new long term cycle of investment for the sector
Omri, Mohamed Ali. "Fiscalité pétrolière : impact sur l'activité exploration-production des hydrocarbures : cas de la Tunisie". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0020.
Testo completoFollowing the decrease of hydrocarbon production of the country, the tunisian government had taken fiscal measures in order to encourage companies for developping hydrocarbon activities. It is appear, by using an econometric model that the taxation has no significant effect on exploration activity. Otherwise, the taxation effects on production activity is clear by reducing the partition gap between state and company and allowin g the development of marginal discoveries
Meritet, Sophie. "La convergence des industries de l'électricité et du gaz naturel : les fusions- acquisitions aux Etats-Unis". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090007.
Testo completoRossiaud, Sylvain. "L'évolution de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière russe : une interprétation en termes néo-institutionnels". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734958.
Testo completoGab-Leyba, Guy dabi. "Essais sur l'efficience et la fiscalité pétrolière dans les pays en développement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD027.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to highlight the determinants of the efficiency of public policies in developing countries. The results show that countries with natural resources and in fragile situations tend to have less efficient public spending on primary education. The results also reveal that the increase in the share of health expenditure in total household expenditure, the poverty incidence rate, the literacy rate and the location in areas considered as isolated reduce the efficiency of health structures. Conversely, the increase in the incidence rate of malaria and the prevalence rate of malnutrition improve the efficiency of health structures. Regarding the efficiency of credit institutions, the results highlight an improvement in the efficiency score over the period 2000-2015 despite the fact that on average, the efficiency of banks in the CEMAC zone is around 33%. Estimates also show that a large size and high liquidity improve the technical efficiency of credit institutions while an increase in banking risk reduces it. Finally, the assessment of petroleum tax regimes in force in Chad reveals that production sharing contracts allow to Government to capture a higher share of oil rent compared to contracts based on the concession system. In addition, contracts based on production sharing have the characteristic of being progressive. These results have implications for economic policy. Thus, developing countries should give priority to improving the quality of social spending by promoting transparency and good governance in the implementation of development projects and publics policy. In particular, in the health sector, there is an urgent need to improve the quality of health personnel and better programming of operating expenditure aimed at making health infrastructures operational. Then, to increase the profitability of the banks in the countries of the CEMAC zone, it would be advisable to diversify the structures beneficiary of the credits and to implement reforms aiming at improving the business environment. Finally, the Chadian Government should reactivate a counter-cyclical policy in order to guard against fluctuations in oil revenues
Sassi, Mohamed. "Entre l’État et le marché, Desmarais Frères et la politique pétrolière de la France de 1861 à 1974 : de l’entreprise familiale à l’entrée dans la CFP". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040101.
Testo completoWith through the example of the family company Desmarais Frères (1861-1965), one attends since 1924 the coexistence of the family company and the large modern oil company (the CFP-Total). It is starting from this paradox that the present thesis tries to recall the development of French oil industry while insisting on diversity of the history, the laid down objectives and the means set up. The environmental approach adopted in this research aims at analyzing the various factors intern (personal, employers, organisational structure, etc. ) and external, related to the development of an industry (official intervention, development of the technique, compete with, etc). In front of the constraints suitable for oil industry and the need for vertical integration, one can see how a complementarity is essential between the large semi-public company and the private company
Mbangare, Mobe Milaiti. "La richesse pétrolière : une malédiction pour les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ? Une étude comparative". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18551.
Testo completoAïnas, Yanis. "La libéralisation du marché du gaz naturel en Europe et ses répercussions en amont : le cas de l'Algérie". Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131025.
Testo completoDominated by the integrated monopolies and the long-term contracts increasingly criticized. And relying on competition to improve both security of supply, competitiveness of European industry, service quality and reduced access to energy costs, members of the European Union decided to liberalized gas markets by adopting a series of Directive. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the procedures and regulations in place to ensure proper functioning of the European gas chain. From this, we will study the future of the organization of the gas market, the different variables that affect the long-term gas prices in Europe thanks to models Vectorial Error Correction (VECM) without forgetting the strategy of market actors, reorganization downstream gas and the emergence of new players. Finally, we analyze strategic approaches adopted by the Algerian national oil company, Sonatrach, historical supplier of the European gas market, following these important policy changes
Zaouk, Rassem el. "Les effets de la rente pétrolière sur les économies des pays du Golfe arabo-persique (1972-1992)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0028.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse both the nature and the consequences of the allocation of oil revenues in the eight economies of the Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) during the past twenty years (1972-1992). The analysis is donc within a framework which takes into account all the quantitative and qualitative distributions of oil wealth in each one of the eight countries and in the region as whole (petrodollars third world aid, banking sector, economic policies, financial investments and "diversification") allowing also for the study of the impacts of the multiple gulf economical, financial and political crisis on the oil revenues and hence on the economic development of this region. The ultimate goal is to be able to appreciate to what extent has oil wealth been translated into real economic growth
Koumba, Tchibindat Mesmin Brice. "Le rôle du pétrole dans le développement économique et l'évolution du niveau de vie au Congo-Brazzaville". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010005.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis aims at studying the impact of the oil industry on the Congolese economy and on the development of the living conditions of the Congolese population. The first researches on petroleum resources began in 1928, but the real story started in 1957 with the discovery of the first oil deposit by the ELF-Congo company off the coast of Pointe Noire: the Pointe Indienne deposit, whose exploitation provided around 700.000 tonnes of crude oil between 1960 and 1970. As in most oil producing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the oil exploitation really took off in the beginning of the 1970s. Before the development of this activity, the Congolese economy was rather oriented towards wood and agricultural products exports. Nevertheless, despite of the increase of the revenues of the oil industry, the Congolese economy will never reach economic prosperity. In fact, despite the rise of both quantities produced and price of the barrel of oil, the country stays in a deep chaos and could not face the challenges of modernization. This PhD thesis shows that the oil activity has not really improved the living conditions of the Congolese population. By the contrary, it has increased disparities between social classes
Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. "Les hydrocarbures en Argentine : réseaux, territoires, intégration". Paris 3, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361960.
Testo completoArgentinean hydrocarbur networks have lived a huge restructuration, after the State reform in the 90's. Activities de-regulation and the privatization of YPF and Gas del Estado forced the sector re-concentration, since then dominated by foreign companies, leaded by Repsol YPF. The hydrocarburs federalization contributed to the weakening and uncapitalization loss of wealth of the State. These changes resulted in an increase of the hydrocarburs production allowing to achieve the self-supply. Nevertheless, the expansion of internal networks has not been large enough to ensure the coverage of new requirements. Besides, several infrastructures have been built up to join external markets. National networks are connected to those of near neighboring countries. This integration is an opportunity for the "South Cone" countries to enhance their potentials. In the country, hydrocarbur territories undergo the restructuration effects (unemployment, loss of territorial identity, etc). With many difficulties and very different possibilities, those territories, like Comodoro Rivadavia, Ensenada et and Bahía Blanca, look for their re-invention
Lopez, Simon. "Modélisation de réservoirs chenalisés méandriformes : approche génétique et stochastique". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1260.
Testo completoForest, Rivière Mathilde. "La place de l'identité collective dans la politique étrangère : la réorientation de la diplomatie pétrolière au Venezuela depuis 1998". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26609/26609.pdf.
Testo completoWilliot, Jean-Pierre. "L'industrie du gaz à Paris au XIXe siècle, 1799-1905 : la mise en place d'un puissant monopole". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040269.
Testo completoThe patent of lebon, dated 1799, introduces in france the first gaslighting. Promoters of this technology were more speculators than technicians. Only six companies lasted in paris after few years. Then, process of production and distribution were imported. Empiricism of these first years was responsible for many accidents yet, during the 1830's, appeared a network. Its growth has resulted from two markets: - first, an ostentatious lighting to increase the value of shops and pubblic rooms. - in the second place, to serve as substitute for oil-lamps into public illuminations. General statutes were adopted in the middle of the ninettenth century, after several incomplete laws. During the second empire, one company replaced the six first. It was a monopoly which has common interest with pereire. The "compagnie parisienne du gaz" increased uses of gaz with a connected network, a most important market with an increasing number of consumers and a dynamic policy of sales. It provided progress in everyday life and developed confort and luxury. Besides, it has associated the rise of production with a permanent research to find innovations
Ndong, Emane Chuberlin Léandre. "Le pétrole de l'Afrique subsaharienne : un enjeu stratégique dans la genèse de l'industrie pétrolière publique française (1928-1977)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUL044.pdf.
Testo completoAt the end of the Second World War, France learnt its lessons from this conflict. Energy was used for geostrategic and geopolitical purposes to demonstrate power. The two great world wars thus revealed oil as an object of influence, relationship and strength capable of granting victory to whoever possessed it. To this end, as the Count of Fels points out: "The nation that has no oil will no longer have a navy, an army and credit, and will fall into the humiliated category of subordinate nations (...). Without oil, there is no real national independence". Thus, all the states embarked on a frantic race to obtain this black oil by all possible means. Since France had no real oil potential on its territory, it turned to its immense colonial empire. On 1 November 1954, the first commercially exploitable French oil discovery was made in the Algerian Sahara. Unfortunately, this discovery took place at the same time as the Algerian national liberation war. This oil discovery was used by the Algerians as a blackmail tool in the negotiations between Algeria and France. These negotiations led to a split in favor of almost total independence for Algeria. A few years later, France made an important discovery in French Equatorial Africa on the island of Ozouri (now Port-Gentil) in Gabon. This was followed by several other oil and gas discoveries in Central Africa, both in Gabon and in Congo-Brazzaville. This is how France is now pinning its hopes on Gabon. This discovery of black gold not only enables France to obtain oil supplies, but also to occupy a respectable place in the great concert of nations. These discoveries of hydrocarbons unequivocally contributed to the birth of the French oil group ELF. Central Africa in general, and Gabon in particular, is an important asset in the realization of the vision of the past of a "free" oil, and in the long term, of a French national oil industry
عد الحرب العالمية الثانية، تعلمت فرنسا من هذا الصراع. تُستخدم الطاقة لأغراض عرض الطاقة الجيوستراتيجية والجيوسياسية. وهكذا تكشف الحربان العالميتان الكبيرتان عن النفط كهدف للنفوذ والعلاقة والقوة قادر على منح النصر لمن يمتلكه. ولهذه الغاية، كما يشير كونت فيلس، "الأمة التي ليس لديها نفط، لن يكون لها بعد الآن بحرية وجيش وائتمان، وستندرج في الفئة المهينة من الدول التابعة (...). بدون النفط، لا يوجد استقلال وطني حقيقي! " هذه هي الطريقة التي تشرع بها جميع الدول في سباق محموم للحصول على هذا النفط الأسود بكل الوسائل الممكنة. لم يكن لدى فرنسا أي إمكانات نفطية حقيقية على أراضيها، لذلك لجأت إلى إمبراطوريتها الاستعمارية الهائلة. في 1 نوفمبر 1954، شهدنا أول اكتشاف نفطي فرنسي قابل للاستغلال التجاري في الصحراء الجزائرية. لسوء الحظ، يحدث هذا الاكتشاف في نفس اللحظة التي تبدأ فيها حرب التحرير الوطني الجزائرية. استخدم الجزائريون هذا الاكتشاف النفطي كأداة للابتزاز في المفاوضات بين الجزائر وفرنسا. أدت هذه المفاوضات إلى انقسام لصالح استقلال شبه كامل للجزائر. بعد بضع سنوات، اكتشفت فرنسا اكتشافًا مهمًا في إفريقيا الاستوائية الفرنسية في جزيرة أوزوري (الآن بورت جنتيل) في الغابون. ويتبع هذا الأخير العديد من الاكتشافات الأخرى للنفط والغاز في وسط إفريقيا، في كل من الغابون والكونغو برازافيل. هكذا تبني فرنسا آمالها الآن على الغابون. هذا الاكتشاف للذهب الأسود يسمح لفرنسا ليس فقط بمصدر النفط، ولكن أيضًا باحتلال مكان محترم في حفلة الأمم العظيمة. من الواضح أن هذه الاكتشافات الهيدروكربونية هي جزء من ولادة مجموعة النفط الفرنسية elf. ووسط أفريقيا بوجه عام، وغابون بوجه خاص، رصيد هام في تحقيق الرؤية القديمة للنفط «الفرنك»، وفي الأجل الطويل، رؤية صناعة النفط الوطنية الفرنسية
Othman, Saad Mohammed. "L' influence des recettes pétrolières sur la structure de production et la répartition des revenus : Algérie, Irak, Nigéria, Vénézuéla". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D001.
Testo completoCaritey, Jean-Philippe. "Relation entre la modification chimique de précurseurs hydrophiles d'origine naturelle et leurs propriétés en solution diluée et semi-diluée". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES013.
Testo completoDi, Crisci Fabrizzio Leonardo Vazquez. "Le pétrole comme détonateur de nouvelles typologies architecturales et urbaines à Caracas durant les décennies 1940 et 1950". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28341.
Testo completoFares, M'hand. "Contrats incomplets, cadre de renégociation, et incitations à investir : une application à la contractualisation dans le secteur gazier libéralisé nord-américain". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA01A056.
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